1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> 2<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> 3<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- 4 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 5 This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT 6 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 7 --> 8<title>Dynamic mass virtual hosts with mod_rewrite - Apache HTTP Server</title> 9<link href="/style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> 10<link href="/style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> 11<link href="/style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/style/css/prettify.css" /> 12<script src="/style/scripts/prettify.js" type="text/javascript"> 13</script> 14 15<link href="/images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> 16<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> 17<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> 18<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p> 19<img alt="" src="/images/feather.gif" /></div> 20<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="/images/left.gif" /></a></div> 21<div id="path"> 22<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.2</a> > <a href="./">Rewrite</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Dynamic mass virtual hosts with mod_rewrite</h1> 23<div class="toplang"> 24<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/rewrite/vhosts.html" title="English"> en </a></p> 25</div> 26 27 28<p>This document supplements the <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> 29<a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">reference documentation</a>. It describes 30how you can use <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> to create dynamically 31configured virtual hosts.</p> 32 33<div class="warning">mod_rewrite is not the best way to configure 34virtual hosts. You should first consider the <a href="/vhosts/mass.html">alternatives</a> before resorting to 35mod_rewrite. See also the "<a href="avoid.html#vhosts">how to avoid 36mod_rewrite</a> document.</div> 37 38</div> 39<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#per-hostname">Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</a></li> 40<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#simple.rewrite">Dynamic 41 Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></li> 42<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</a></li> 43</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">Module documentation</a></li><li><a href="intro.html">mod_rewrite introduction</a></li><li><a href="remapping.html">Redirection and remapping</a></li><li><a href="access.html">Controlling access</a></li><li><a href="proxy.html">Proxying</a></li><li><a href="rewritemap.html">RewriteMap</a></li><li><a href="advanced.html">Advanced techniques and tricks</a></li><li><a href="avoid.html">When not to use mod_rewrite</a></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> 44<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 45<div class="section"> 46<h2><a name="per-hostname" id="per-hostname">Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</a></h2> 47 48 49 50 <dl> 51 <dt>Description:</dt> 52 53 <dd> 54 <p>We want to automatically create a virtual host for every hostname 55 which resolves in our domain, without having to create 56 new VirtualHost sections.</p> 57 58 <p>In this recipe, we assume that we'll be using the hostname 59 <code>www.<strong>SITE</strong>.example.com</code> for each 60 user, and serve their content out of 61 <code>/home/<strong>SITE</strong>/www</code>.</p> 62 </dd> 63 64 <dt>Solution:</dt> 65 66 <dd> 67 68<div class="example"><p><code> 69RewriteEngine on<br /> 70<br /> 71RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br /> 72<br /> 73RewriteCond %{lowercase:%{<strong>HTTP_HOST</strong>}} ^www\.<strong>([^.]+)</strong>\.example\.com$<br /> 74RewriteRule ^(.*) /home/<strong>%1</strong>/www$1 75</code></p></div></dd> 76 77<dt>Discussion</dt> 78 <dd> 79 80 <div class="warning">You will need to take care of the DNS 81 resolution - Apache does 82 not handle name resolution. You'll need either to create CNAME 83 records for each hostname, or a DNS wildcard record. Creating DNS 84 records is beyond the scope of this document.</div> 85 86<p>The internal <code>tolower</code> RewriteMap directive is used to 87ensure that the hostnames being used are all lowercase, so that there is 88no ambiguity in the directory structure which must be created.</p> 89 90<p>Parentheses used in a <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> are captured into the 91backreferences <code>%1</code>, <code>%2</code>, etc, while parentheses 92used in <code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> are 93captured into the backreferences <code>$1</code>, <code>$2</code>, 94etc.</p> 95 96<p> 97As with many techniques discussed in this document, mod_rewrite really 98isn't the best way to accomplish this task. You should, instead, 99consider using <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> instead, as it will much 100more gracefully handle anything beyond serving static files, such as any 101dynamic content, and Alias resolution. 102</p> 103 </dd> 104 </dl> 105 106</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 107<div class="section"> 108<h2><a name="simple.rewrite" id="simple.rewrite">Dynamic 109 Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></h2> 110 111 <p>This extract from <code>httpd.conf</code> does the same 112 thing as <a href="#per-hostname">the first example</a>. The first 113 half is very similar to the corresponding part above, except for 114 some changes, required for backward compatibility and to make the 115 <code>mod_rewrite</code> part work properly; the second half 116 configures <code>mod_rewrite</code> to do the actual work.</p> 117 118 <p>Because <code>mod_rewrite</code> runs before other URI translation 119 modules (e.g., <code>mod_alias</code>), <code>mod_rewrite</code> must 120 be told to explicitly ignore any URLs that would have been handled 121 by those modules. And, because these rules would otherwise bypass 122 any <code>ScriptAlias</code> directives, we must have 123 <code>mod_rewrite</code> explicitly enact those mappings.</p> 124 125<div class="example"><p><code> 126# get the server name from the Host: header<br /> 127UseCanonicalName Off<br /> 128<br /> 129# splittable logs<br /> 130LogFormat "%{Host}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon<br /> 131CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon<br /> 132<br /> 133<Directory /www/hosts><br /> 134<span class="indent"> 135 # ExecCGI is needed here because we can't force<br /> 136 # CGI execution in the way that ScriptAlias does<br /> 137 Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI<br /> 138</span> 139</Directory><br /> 140<br /> 141RewriteEngine On<br /> 142<br /> 143# a ServerName derived from a Host: header may be any case at all<br /> 144RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br /> 145<br /> 146## deal with normal documents first:<br /> 147# allow Alias /icons/ to work - repeat for other aliases<br /> 148RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br /> 149# allow CGIs to work<br /> 150RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br /> 151# do the magic<br /> 152RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/docs/$1<br /> 153<br /> 154## and now deal with CGIs - we have to force a handler<br /> 155RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br /> 156RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/cgi-bin/$1 [H=cgi-script]<br /> 157</code></p></div> 158 159</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 160<div class="section"> 161<h2><a name="xtra-conf" id="xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</a></h2> 162 163 <p>This arrangement uses more advanced <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> 164 features to work out the translation from virtual host to document 165 root, from a separate configuration file. This provides more 166 flexibility, but requires more complicated configuration.</p> 167 168 <p>The <code>vhost.map</code> file should look something like 169 this:</p> 170 171<div class="example"><p><code> 172customer-1.example.com /www/customers/1<br /> 173customer-2.example.com /www/customers/2<br /> 174# ...<br /> 175customer-N.example.com /www/customers/N<br /> 176</code></p></div> 177 178 <p>The <code>httpd.conf</code> should contain the following:</p> 179 180<div class="example"><p><code> 181RewriteEngine on<br /> 182<br /> 183RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br /> 184<br /> 185# define the map file<br /> 186RewriteMap vhost txt:/www/conf/vhost.map<br /> 187<br /> 188# deal with aliases as above<br /> 189RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br /> 190RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br /> 191RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br /> 192# this does the file-based remap<br /> 193RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br /> 194RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/docs/$1<br /> 195<br /> 196RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br /> 197RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br /> 198RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br /> 199RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/cgi-bin/$1 [H=cgi-script] 200</code></p></div> 201 202</div></div> 203<div class="bottomlang"> 204<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/rewrite/vhosts.html" title="English"> en </a></p> 205</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="/images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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