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24<div id="page-content">
25<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_headers</h1>
26<div class="toplang">
27<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/mod/mod_headers.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
28<a href="/ja/mod/mod_headers.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a> |
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30</div>
31<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Customization of HTTP request and response
32headers</td></tr>
33<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
34<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module�Identifier:</a></th><td>headers_module</td></tr>
35<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source�File:</a></th><td>mod_headers.c</td></tr></table>
36<h3>Summary</h3>
37
38    <p>This module provides directives to control and modify HTTP
39    request and response headers. Headers can be merged, replaced
40    or removed.</p>
41</div>
42<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
43<ul id="toc">
44<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#header">Header</a></li>
45<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#requestheader">RequestHeader</a></li>
46</ul>
47<h3>Topics</h3>
48<ul id="topics">
49<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#order">Order of Processing</a></li>
50<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#early">Early and Late Processing</a></li>
51<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
52</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
53<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
54<div class="section">
55<h2><a name="order" id="order">Order of Processing</a></h2>
56
57    <p>The directives provided by <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_headers.html">mod_headers</a></code> can
58    occur almost anywhere within the server configuration, and can be
59    limited in scope by enclosing them in <a href="/sections.html">configuration sections</a>.</p>
60
61    <p>Order of processing is important and is affected both by the
62    order in the configuration file and by placement in <a href="/sections.html#mergin">configuration sections</a>. These
63    two directives have a different effect if reversed:</p>
64
65    <div class="example"><p><code>
66      RequestHeader append MirrorID "mirror 12"<br />
67      RequestHeader unset MirrorID
68    </code></p></div>
69
70    <p>This way round, the <code>MirrorID</code> header is not set. If
71    reversed, the MirrorID header is set to "mirror 12".</p>
72</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
73<div class="section">
74<h2><a name="early" id="early">Early and Late Processing</a></h2>
75    <p><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_headers.html">mod_headers</a></code> can be applied either early or late
76    in the request.  The normal mode is late, when <em>Request</em> Headers are
77    set immediately before running the content generator and <em>Response</em>
78    Headers just as the response is sent down the wire.  Always use
79    Late mode in an operational server.</p>
80
81    <p>Early mode is designed as a test/debugging aid for developers.
82    Directives defined using the <code>early</code> keyword are set
83    right at the beginning of processing the request.  This means
84    they can be used to simulate different requests and set up test
85    cases, but it also means that headers may be changed at any time
86    by other modules before generating a Response.</p>
87
88    <p>Because early directives are processed before the request path's
89    configuration is traversed, early headers can only be set in a
90    main server or virtual host context.  Early directives cannot depend
91    on a request path, so they will fail in contexts such as
92    <code>&lt;Directory&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;Location&gt;</code>.</p>
93</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
94<div class="section">
95<h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2>
96
97    <ol>
98      <li>
99        Copy all request headers that begin with "TS" to the
100        response headers:
101
102        <div class="example"><p><code>
103          Header echo ^TS
104        </code></p></div>
105      </li>
106
107      <li>
108        Add a header, <code>MyHeader</code>, to the response including a
109        timestamp for when the request was received and how long it
110        took to begin serving the request. This header can be used by
111        the client to intuit load on the server or in isolating
112        bottlenecks between the client and the server.
113
114        <div class="example"><p><code>
115          Header set MyHeader "%D %t"
116        </code></p></div>
117
118        <p>results in this header being added to the response:</p>
119
120        <div class="example"><p><code>
121          MyHeader: D=3775428 t=991424704447256
122        </code></p></div>
123      </li>
124
125      <li>
126        Say hello to Joe
127
128        <div class="example"><p><code>
129          Header set MyHeader "Hello Joe. It took %D microseconds \<br />
130          for Apache to serve this request."
131        </code></p></div>
132
133        <p>results in this header being added to the response:</p>
134
135        <div class="example"><p><code>
136          MyHeader: Hello Joe. It took D=3775428 microseconds for Apache
137          to serve this request.
138        </code></p></div>
139      </li>
140
141      <li>
142        Conditionally send <code>MyHeader</code> on the response if and
143        only if header <code>MyRequestHeader</code> is present on the request.
144        This is useful for constructing headers in response to some client
145        stimulus. Note that this example requires the services of the
146        <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code> module.
147
148        <div class="example"><p><code>
149          SetEnvIf MyRequestHeader myvalue HAVE_MyRequestHeader<br />
150          Header set MyHeader "%D %t mytext" env=HAVE_MyRequestHeader
151        </code></p></div>
152
153        <p>If the header <code>MyRequestHeader: myvalue</code> is present on
154        the HTTP request, the response will contain the following header:</p>
155
156        <div class="example"><p><code>
157          MyHeader: D=3775428 t=991424704447256 mytext
158        </code></p></div>
159      </li>
160
161      <li>
162        Enable DAV to work with Apache running HTTP through SSL hardware
163        (<a href="http://svn.haxx.se/users/archive-2006-03/0549.shtml">problem
164        description</a>) by replacing <var>https:</var> with
165        <var>http:</var> in the <var>Destination</var> header:
166
167        <div class="example"><p><code>
168          RequestHeader edit Destination ^https: http: early
169        </code></p></div>
170      </li>
171
172      <li>
173        Set the same header value under multiple non-exclusive conditions,
174        but do not duplicate the value in the final header.
175        If all of the following conditions applied to a request (i.e.,
176        if the <code>CGI</code>, <code>NO_CACHE</code> and
177        <code>NO_STORE</code> environment variables all existed for the
178        request):
179
180        <div class="example"><p><code>
181          Header merge Cache-Control no-cache env=CGI<br />
182          Header merge Cache-Control no-cache env=NO_CACHE<br />
183          Header merge Cache-Control no-store env=NO_STORE
184        </code></p></div>
185
186        <p>then the response would contain the following header:</p>
187
188        <div class="example"><p><code>
189          Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store
190        </code></p></div>
191
192        <p>If <code>append</code> was used instead of <code>merge</code>,
193        then the response would contain the following header:</p>
194
195        <div class="example"><p><code>
196          Cache-Control: no-cache, no-cache, no-store
197        </code></p></div>
198      </li>
199    </ol>
200</div>
201<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
202<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Header" id="Header">Header</a> <a name="header" id="header">Directive</a></h2>
203<table class="directive">
204<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Configure HTTP response headers</td></tr>
205<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Header [<var>condition</var>] set|append|merge|add|unset|echo|edit
206<var>header</var> [<var>value</var>] [<var>replacement</var>]
207[early|env=[!]<var>variable</var>]</code></td></tr>
208<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
209<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
210<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
211<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_headers</td></tr>
212<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>The <code>merge</code> argument is available in version
2132.2.9 and later. The <code>edit</code> argument is available in version
2142.2.4 and later.</td></tr>
215</table>
216    <p>This directive can replace, merge or remove HTTP response
217    headers. The header is modified just after the content handler
218    and output filters are run, allowing outgoing headers to be
219    modified.</p>
220
221    <p> The optional <var>condition</var> argument determines which internal
222    table of responses headers this directive will operate against.  Other
223    components of the server may have stored their response headers in either
224    the table that corresponds to <code>onsuccess</code> or the table that
225    corresponds to <code>always</code>.  "Always" in this context refers to
226    whether headers you add will be sent during both a successful and unsucessful 
227    response, but if your action is a function of an existing header, you
228    will have to read on for further complications.</p>
229
230    <p> The default value of <code>onsuccess</code> may need to be changed to 
231    <code>always</code> under the circumstances similar to those listed below.
232    Note also that repeating this directive with both conditions makes sense in
233    some scenarios because <code>always</code> is not a superset of 
234    <code>onsuccess</code> with respect to existing headers:</p>
235
236    <ul>
237       <li> You're adding a header to a non-success (non-2xx) response, such 
238            as a redirect, in which case only the table corresponding to 
239            <code>always</code> is used in the ultimate response.</li>
240       <li> You're modifying or removing a header generated by a CGI script,
241            in which case the CGI scripts are in the table corresponding to 
242            <code>always</code> and not in the default table.</li>
243       <li> You're modifying or removing a header generated by some piece of 
244            the server but that header is not being found by the default 
245            <code>onsuccess</code> condition.</li>
246    </ul>
247
248    <p>The action it performs is determined by the first
249    argument (second argument if a <var>condition</var> is specified).
250    This can be one of the following values:</p>
251
252    <dl>
253    <dt><code>set</code></dt>
254    <dd>The response header is set, replacing any previous header
255    with this name. The <var>value</var> may be a format string.</dd>
256
257    <dt><code>append</code></dt>
258    <dd>The response header is appended to any existing header of
259    the same name. When a new value is merged onto an existing
260    header it is separated from the existing header with a comma.
261    This is the HTTP standard way of giving a header multiple values.</dd>
262
263    <dt><code>merge</code></dt>
264    <dd>The response header is appended to any existing header of
265    the same name, unless the value to be appended already appears in the
266    header's comma-delimited list of values.  When a new value is merged onto
267    an existing header it is separated from the existing header with a comma.
268    This is the HTTP standard way of giving a header multiple values.
269    Values are compared in a case sensitive manner, and after
270    all format specifiers have been processed.  Values in double quotes
271    are considered different from otherwise identical unquoted values.
272    <em>Available in version 2.2.9 and later.</em></dd>
273
274    <dt><code>add</code></dt>
275    <dd>The response header is added to the existing set of headers,
276    even if this header already exists. This can result in two
277    (or more) headers having the same name. This can lead to
278    unforeseen consequences, and in general <code>set</code>,
279    <code>append</code> or <code>merge</code> should be used instead.</dd>
280
281    <dt><code>unset</code></dt>
282    <dd>The response header of this name is removed, if it exists.
283    If there are multiple headers of the same name, all will be
284    removed. <var>value</var> must be omitted.</dd>
285
286    <dt><code>echo</code></dt>
287    <dd>Request headers with this name are echoed back in the
288    response headers. <var>header</var> may be a
289    <a class="glossarylink" href="/glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expression</a>.
290    <var>value</var> must be omitted.</dd>
291
292    <dt><code>edit</code></dt>
293    <dd>If this response header exists, its value is transformed
294    according to a <a class="glossarylink" href="/glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expression</a>
295    search-and-replace.  The <var>value</var> argument is
296    a <a class="glossarylink" href="/glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expression</a>, and
297    the <var>replacement</var> is a replacement string, which may
298    contain backreferences. <em>Available in version 2.2.4 and
299    later.</em></dd>
300    </dl>
301
302    <p>This argument is followed by a <var>header</var> name, which
303    can include the final colon, but it is not required. Case is
304    ignored for <code>set</code>, <code>append</code>, <code>merge</code>,
305    <code>add</code>, <code>unset</code> and <code>edit</code>.
306    The <var>header</var> name for <code>echo</code>
307    is case sensitive and may be a <a class="glossarylink" href="/glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular
308    expression</a>.</p>
309
310    <p>For <code>set</code>, <code>append</code>, <code>merge</code> and
311    <code>add</code> a <var>value</var> is specified as the next argument.
312    If <var>value</var>
313    contains spaces, it should be surrounded by double quotes.
314    <var>value</var> may be a character string, a string containing format
315    specifiers or a combination of both. The following format specifiers
316    are supported in <var>value</var>:</p>
317
318    <table class="bordered"><tr class="header"><th>Format</th><th>Description</th></tr>
319<tr><td><code>%%</code></td>
320        <td>The percent sign</td></tr>
321<tr class="odd"><td><code>%t</code></td>
322        <td>The time the request was received in Universal Coordinated Time
323        since the epoch (Jan. 1, 1970) measured in microseconds. The value
324        is preceded by <code>t=</code>.</td></tr>
325<tr><td><code>%D</code></td>
326        <td>The time from when the request was received to the time the
327        headers are sent on the wire. This is a measure of the duration
328        of the request. The value is preceded by <code>D=</code>.
329        The value is measured in microseconds.</td></tr>
330<tr class="odd"><td><code>%{FOOBAR}e</code></td>
331        <td>The contents of the <a href="/env.html">environment
332        variable</a> <code>FOOBAR</code>.</td></tr>
333<tr><td><code>%{FOOBAR}s</code></td>
334        <td>The contents of the <a href="mod_ssl.html#envvars">SSL environment
335        variable</a> <code>FOOBAR</code>, if <code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> is enabled.</td></tr>
336</table>
337
338    <div class="note"><h3>Note</h3>
339      <p>The <code>%s</code> format specifier is only available in
340      Apache 2.1 and later; it can be used instead of <code>%e</code>
341      to avoid the overhead of enabling <code>SSLOptions
342      +StdEnvVars</code>.  If <code>SSLOptions +StdEnvVars</code> must
343      be enabled anyway for some other reason, <code>%e</code> will be
344      more efficient than <code>%s</code>.</p>
345    </div>
346
347    <p>For <code>edit</code> there is both a <var>value</var> argument
348    which is a <a class="glossarylink" href="/glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expression</a>,
349    and an additional <var>replacement</var> string.</p>
350
351    <p>The <code class="directive">Header</code> directive may be followed by an
352    an additional argument, which may be used to specify conditions under
353    which the action will be taken, or may be the keyword <code>early</code>
354    to specify <a href="#early">early processing</a>. If the
355    <a href="/env.html">environment variable</a> specified in the
356    <code>env=<var>...</var></code> argument exists (or if the environment
357    variable does not exist and <code>env=!<var>...</var></code> is specified)
358    then the action specified by the <code class="directive">Header</code> directive
359    will take effect. Otherwise, the directive will have no effect
360    on the request.</p>
361
362    <p>Except in <a href="#early">early</a> mode, the
363    <code class="directive">Header</code> directives are processed just
364    before the response is sent to the network. These means that it is
365    possible to set and/or override most headers, except for those headers
366    added by the header filter.</p>
367
368</div>
369<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div>
370<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RequestHeader" id="RequestHeader">RequestHeader</a> <a name="requestheader" id="requestheader">Directive</a></h2>
371<table class="directive">
372<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Configure HTTP request headers</td></tr>
373<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RequestHeader set|append|merge|add|unset|edit <var>header</var>
374[<var>value</var>] [<var>replacement</var>] [early|env=[!]<var>variable</var>]</code></td></tr>
375<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
376<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
377<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
378<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_headers</td></tr>
379<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>The <code>merge</code> argument is available in version
3802.2.9 and later. The <code>edit</code> argument is available in version
3812.2.4 and later.</td></tr>
382</table>
383    <p>This directive can replace, merge, change or remove HTTP request
384    headers. The header is modified just before the content handler
385    is run, allowing incoming headers to be modified. The action it
386    performs is determined by the first argument. This can be one
387    of the following values:</p>
388
389    <dl>
390    <dt><code>set</code></dt>
391    <dd>The request header is set, replacing any previous header
392    with this name</dd>
393
394    <dt><code>append</code></dt>
395    <dd>The request header is appended to any existing header of the
396    same name. When a new value is merged onto an existing header
397    it is separated from the existing header with a comma. This
398    is the HTTP standard way of giving a header multiple
399    values.</dd>
400
401    <dt><code>merge</code></dt>
402    <dd>The request header is appended to any existing header of
403    the same name, unless the value to be appended already appears in the
404    existing header's comma-delimited list of values.  When a new value is
405    merged onto an existing header it is separated from the existing header
406    with a comma.  This is the HTTP standard way of giving a header multiple
407    values.  Values are compared in a case sensitive manner, and after
408    all format specifiers have been processed.  Values in double quotes
409    are considered different from otherwise identical unquoted values.
410    <em>Available in version 2.2.9 and later.</em></dd>
411
412    <dt><code>add</code></dt>
413    <dd>The request header is added to the existing set of headers,
414    even if this header already exists. This can result in two
415    (or more) headers having the same name. This can lead to
416    unforeseen consequences, and in general <code>set</code>,
417    <code>append</code> or <code>merge</code> should be used instead.</dd>
418
419    <dt><code>unset</code></dt>
420    <dd>The request header of this name is removed, if it exists. If
421    there are multiple headers of the same name, all will be removed.
422    <var>value</var> must be omitted.</dd>
423
424    <dt><code>edit</code></dt>
425    <dd>If this request header exists, its value is transformed
426    according to a <a class="glossarylink" href="/glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expression</a>
427    search-and-replace.  The <var>value</var> argument is
428    a <a class="glossarylink" href="/glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expression</a>, and
429    the <var>replacement</var> is a replacement string, which may
430    contain backreferences. <em>Available in version 2.2.4 and
431    later</em>.</dd>
432    </dl>
433
434    <p>This argument is followed by a header name, which can
435    include the final colon, but it is not required. Case is
436    ignored. For <code>set</code>, <code>append</code>, <code>merge</code> and
437    <code>add</code> a <var>value</var> is given as the third argument. If a
438    <var>value</var> contains spaces, it should be surrounded by double
439    quotes. For <code>unset</code>, no <var>value</var> should be given.
440    <var>value</var> may be a character string, a string containing format
441    specifiers or a combination of both. The supported format specifiers
442    are the same as for the <code class="directive"><a href="#header">Header</a></code>,
443    please have a look there for details.  For <code>edit</code> both
444    a <var>value</var> and a <var>replacement</var> are required, and are
445    a <a class="glossarylink" href="/glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expression</a> and a
446    replacement string respectively.</p>
447
448    <p>The <code class="directive">RequestHeader</code> directive may be followed by
449    an additional argument, which may be used to specify conditions under
450    which the action will be taken, or may be the keyword <code>early</code>
451    to specify <a href="#early">early processing</a>. If the
452    <a href="/env.html">environment
453    variable</a> specified in the <code>env=<var>...</var></code> argument
454    exists (or if the environment variable does not exist and
455    <code>env=!<var>...</var></code> is specified) then the action specified
456    by the <code class="directive">RequestHeader</code> directive will take effect.
457    Otherwise, the directive will have no effect on the request.</p>
458
459    <p>Except in <a href="#early">early</a> mode, the
460    <code class="directive">RequestHeader</code> directive is processed
461    just before the request is run by its handler in the fixup phase.
462    This should allow headers generated by the browser, or by Apache
463    input filters to be overridden or modified.</p>
464
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