1/* $OpenBSD: misc.c,v 1.86 2011/09/05 05:59:08 djm Exp $ */
2/*
3 * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
4 * Copyright (c) 2005,2006 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
5 *
6 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * are met:
9 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14 *
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
16 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
17 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
18 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
19 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
20 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
21 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
22 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
23 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
24 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
25 */
26
27#include "includes.h"
28
29#include <sys/types.h>
30#include <sys/ioctl.h>
31#include <sys/socket.h>
32#include <sys/param.h>
33
34#include <stdarg.h>
35#include <stdio.h>
36#include <stdlib.h>
37#include <string.h>
38#include <time.h>
39#include <unistd.h>
40
41#include <netinet/in.h>
42#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
43#include <netinet/ip.h>
44#include <netinet/tcp.h>
45
46#include <errno.h>
47#include <fcntl.h>
48#include <netdb.h>
49#ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
50# include <paths.h>
51#include <pwd.h>
52#endif
53#ifdef SSH_TUN_OPENBSD
54#include <net/if.h>
55#endif
56
57#include "xmalloc.h"
58#include "misc.h"
59#include "log.h"
60#include "ssh.h"
61
62/* remove newline at end of string */
63char *
64chop(char *s)
65{
66	char *t = s;
67	while (*t) {
68		if (*t == '\n' || *t == '\r') {
69			*t = '\0';
70			return s;
71		}
72		t++;
73	}
74	return s;
75
76}
77
78/* set/unset filedescriptor to non-blocking */
79int
80set_nonblock(int fd)
81{
82	int val;
83
84	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
85	if (val < 0) {
86		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL, 0): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
87		return (-1);
88	}
89	if (val & O_NONBLOCK) {
90		debug3("fd %d is O_NONBLOCK", fd);
91		return (0);
92	}
93	debug2("fd %d setting O_NONBLOCK", fd);
94	val |= O_NONBLOCK;
95	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
96		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK): %s", fd,
97		    strerror(errno));
98		return (-1);
99	}
100	return (0);
101}
102
103int
104unset_nonblock(int fd)
105{
106	int val;
107
108	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
109	if (val < 0) {
110		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL, 0): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
111		return (-1);
112	}
113	if (!(val & O_NONBLOCK)) {
114		debug3("fd %d is not O_NONBLOCK", fd);
115		return (0);
116	}
117	debug("fd %d clearing O_NONBLOCK", fd);
118	val &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
119	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
120		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, ~O_NONBLOCK): %s",
121		    fd, strerror(errno));
122		return (-1);
123	}
124	return (0);
125}
126
127const char *
128ssh_gai_strerror(int gaierr)
129{
130	if (gaierr == EAI_SYSTEM)
131		return strerror(errno);
132	return gai_strerror(gaierr);
133}
134
135/* disable nagle on socket */
136void
137set_nodelay(int fd)
138{
139	int opt;
140	socklen_t optlen;
141
142	optlen = sizeof opt;
143	if (getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, &optlen) == -1) {
144		debug("getsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
145		return;
146	}
147	if (opt == 1) {
148		debug2("fd %d is TCP_NODELAY", fd);
149		return;
150	}
151	opt = 1;
152	debug2("fd %d setting TCP_NODELAY", fd);
153	if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, sizeof opt) == -1)
154		error("setsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
155}
156
157/* Characters considered whitespace in strsep calls. */
158#define WHITESPACE " \t\r\n"
159#define QUOTE	"\""
160
161/* return next token in configuration line */
162char *
163strdelim(char **s)
164{
165	char *old;
166	int wspace = 0;
167
168	if (*s == NULL)
169		return NULL;
170
171	old = *s;
172
173	*s = strpbrk(*s, WHITESPACE QUOTE "=");
174	if (*s == NULL)
175		return (old);
176
177	if (*s[0] == '\"') {
178		memmove(*s, *s + 1, strlen(*s)); /* move nul too */
179		/* Find matching quote */
180		if ((*s = strpbrk(*s, QUOTE)) == NULL) {
181			return (NULL);		/* no matching quote */
182		} else {
183			*s[0] = '\0';
184			*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
185			return (old);
186		}
187	}
188
189	/* Allow only one '=' to be skipped */
190	if (*s[0] == '=')
191		wspace = 1;
192	*s[0] = '\0';
193
194	/* Skip any extra whitespace after first token */
195	*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
196	if (*s[0] == '=' && !wspace)
197		*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
198
199	return (old);
200}
201
202struct passwd *
203pwcopy(struct passwd *pw)
204{
205	struct passwd *copy = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*copy));
206
207	copy->pw_name = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
208	copy->pw_passwd = xstrdup(pw->pw_passwd);
209	copy->pw_gecos = xstrdup(pw->pw_gecos);
210	copy->pw_uid = pw->pw_uid;
211	copy->pw_gid = pw->pw_gid;
212#ifdef HAVE_PW_EXPIRE_IN_PASSWD
213	copy->pw_expire = pw->pw_expire;
214#endif
215#ifdef HAVE_PW_CHANGE_IN_PASSWD
216	copy->pw_change = pw->pw_change;
217#endif
218#ifdef HAVE_PW_CLASS_IN_PASSWD
219	copy->pw_class = xstrdup(pw->pw_class);
220#endif
221	copy->pw_dir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
222	copy->pw_shell = xstrdup(pw->pw_shell);
223	return copy;
224}
225
226/*
227 * Convert ASCII string to TCP/IP port number.
228 * Port must be >=0 and <=65535.
229 * Return -1 if invalid.
230 */
231int
232a2port(const char *s)
233{
234	long long port;
235	const char *errstr;
236
237	port = strtonum(s, 0, 65535, &errstr);
238	if (errstr != NULL)
239		return -1;
240	return (int)port;
241}
242
243int
244a2tun(const char *s, int *remote)
245{
246	const char *errstr = NULL;
247	char *sp, *ep;
248	int tun;
249
250	if (remote != NULL) {
251		*remote = SSH_TUNID_ANY;
252		sp = xstrdup(s);
253		if ((ep = strchr(sp, ':')) == NULL) {
254			xfree(sp);
255			return (a2tun(s, NULL));
256		}
257		ep[0] = '\0'; ep++;
258		*remote = a2tun(ep, NULL);
259		tun = a2tun(sp, NULL);
260		xfree(sp);
261		return (*remote == SSH_TUNID_ERR ? *remote : tun);
262	}
263
264	if (strcasecmp(s, "any") == 0)
265		return (SSH_TUNID_ANY);
266
267	tun = strtonum(s, 0, SSH_TUNID_MAX, &errstr);
268	if (errstr != NULL)
269		return (SSH_TUNID_ERR);
270
271	return (tun);
272}
273
274#define SECONDS		1
275#define MINUTES		(SECONDS * 60)
276#define HOURS		(MINUTES * 60)
277#define DAYS		(HOURS * 24)
278#define WEEKS		(DAYS * 7)
279
280/*
281 * Convert a time string into seconds; format is
282 * a sequence of:
283 *      time[qualifier]
284 *
285 * Valid time qualifiers are:
286 *      <none>  seconds
287 *      s|S     seconds
288 *      m|M     minutes
289 *      h|H     hours
290 *      d|D     days
291 *      w|W     weeks
292 *
293 * Examples:
294 *      90m     90 minutes
295 *      1h30m   90 minutes
296 *      2d      2 days
297 *      1w      1 week
298 *
299 * Return -1 if time string is invalid.
300 */
301long
302convtime(const char *s)
303{
304	long total, secs;
305	const char *p;
306	char *endp;
307
308	errno = 0;
309	total = 0;
310	p = s;
311
312	if (p == NULL || *p == '\0')
313		return -1;
314
315	while (*p) {
316		secs = strtol(p, &endp, 10);
317		if (p == endp ||
318		    (errno == ERANGE && (secs == LONG_MIN || secs == LONG_MAX)) ||
319		    secs < 0)
320			return -1;
321
322		switch (*endp++) {
323		case '\0':
324			endp--;
325			break;
326		case 's':
327		case 'S':
328			break;
329		case 'm':
330		case 'M':
331			secs *= MINUTES;
332			break;
333		case 'h':
334		case 'H':
335			secs *= HOURS;
336			break;
337		case 'd':
338		case 'D':
339			secs *= DAYS;
340			break;
341		case 'w':
342		case 'W':
343			secs *= WEEKS;
344			break;
345		default:
346			return -1;
347		}
348		total += secs;
349		if (total < 0)
350			return -1;
351		p = endp;
352	}
353
354	return total;
355}
356
357/*
358 * Returns a standardized host+port identifier string.
359 * Caller must free returned string.
360 */
361char *
362put_host_port(const char *host, u_short port)
363{
364	char *hoststr;
365
366	if (port == 0 || port == SSH_DEFAULT_PORT)
367		return(xstrdup(host));
368	if (asprintf(&hoststr, "[%s]:%d", host, (int)port) < 0)
369		fatal("put_host_port: asprintf: %s", strerror(errno));
370	debug3("put_host_port: %s", hoststr);
371	return hoststr;
372}
373
374/*
375 * Search for next delimiter between hostnames/addresses and ports.
376 * Argument may be modified (for termination).
377 * Returns *cp if parsing succeeds.
378 * *cp is set to the start of the next delimiter, if one was found.
379 * If this is the last field, *cp is set to NULL.
380 */
381char *
382hpdelim(char **cp)
383{
384	char *s, *old;
385
386	if (cp == NULL || *cp == NULL)
387		return NULL;
388
389	old = s = *cp;
390	if (*s == '[') {
391		if ((s = strchr(s, ']')) == NULL)
392			return NULL;
393		else
394			s++;
395	} else if ((s = strpbrk(s, ":/")) == NULL)
396		s = *cp + strlen(*cp); /* skip to end (see first case below) */
397
398	switch (*s) {
399	case '\0':
400		*cp = NULL;	/* no more fields*/
401		break;
402
403	case ':':
404	case '/':
405		*s = '\0';	/* terminate */
406		*cp = s + 1;
407		break;
408
409	default:
410		return NULL;
411	}
412
413	return old;
414}
415
416char *
417cleanhostname(char *host)
418{
419	if (*host == '[' && host[strlen(host) - 1] == ']') {
420		host[strlen(host) - 1] = '\0';
421		return (host + 1);
422	} else
423		return host;
424}
425
426char *
427colon(char *cp)
428{
429	int flag = 0;
430
431	if (*cp == ':')		/* Leading colon is part of file name. */
432		return NULL;
433	if (*cp == '[')
434		flag = 1;
435
436	for (; *cp; ++cp) {
437		if (*cp == '@' && *(cp+1) == '[')
438			flag = 1;
439		if (*cp == ']' && *(cp+1) == ':' && flag)
440			return (cp+1);
441		if (*cp == ':' && !flag)
442			return (cp);
443		if (*cp == '/')
444			return NULL;
445	}
446	return NULL;
447}
448
449/* function to assist building execv() arguments */
450void
451addargs(arglist *args, char *fmt, ...)
452{
453	va_list ap;
454	char *cp;
455	u_int nalloc;
456	int r;
457
458	va_start(ap, fmt);
459	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
460	va_end(ap);
461	if (r == -1)
462		fatal("addargs: argument too long");
463
464	nalloc = args->nalloc;
465	if (args->list == NULL) {
466		nalloc = 32;
467		args->num = 0;
468	} else if (args->num+2 >= nalloc)
469		nalloc *= 2;
470
471	args->list = xrealloc(args->list, nalloc, sizeof(char *));
472	args->nalloc = nalloc;
473	args->list[args->num++] = cp;
474	args->list[args->num] = NULL;
475}
476
477void
478replacearg(arglist *args, u_int which, char *fmt, ...)
479{
480	va_list ap;
481	char *cp;
482	int r;
483
484	va_start(ap, fmt);
485	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
486	va_end(ap);
487	if (r == -1)
488		fatal("replacearg: argument too long");
489
490	if (which >= args->num)
491		fatal("replacearg: tried to replace invalid arg %d >= %d",
492		    which, args->num);
493	xfree(args->list[which]);
494	args->list[which] = cp;
495}
496
497void
498freeargs(arglist *args)
499{
500	u_int i;
501
502	if (args->list != NULL) {
503		for (i = 0; i < args->num; i++)
504			xfree(args->list[i]);
505		xfree(args->list);
506		args->nalloc = args->num = 0;
507		args->list = NULL;
508	}
509}
510
511/*
512 * Expands tildes in the file name.  Returns data allocated by xmalloc.
513 * Warning: this calls getpw*.
514 */
515char *
516tilde_expand_filename(const char *filename, uid_t uid)
517{
518	const char *path;
519	char user[128], ret[MAXPATHLEN];
520	struct passwd *pw;
521	u_int len, slash;
522
523	if (*filename != '~')
524		return (xstrdup(filename));
525	filename++;
526
527	path = strchr(filename, '/');
528	if (path != NULL && path > filename) {		/* ~user/path */
529		slash = path - filename;
530		if (slash > sizeof(user) - 1)
531			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: ~username too long");
532		memcpy(user, filename, slash);
533		user[slash] = '\0';
534		if ((pw = getpwnam(user)) == NULL)
535			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such user %s", user);
536	} else if ((pw = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL)	/* ~/path */
537		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such uid %ld", (long)uid);
538
539	if (strlcpy(ret, pw->pw_dir, sizeof(ret)) >= sizeof(ret))
540		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: Path too long");
541
542	/* Make sure directory has a trailing '/' */
543	len = strlen(pw->pw_dir);
544	if ((len == 0 || pw->pw_dir[len - 1] != '/') &&
545	    strlcat(ret, "/", sizeof(ret)) >= sizeof(ret))
546		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: Path too long");
547
548	/* Skip leading '/' from specified path */
549	if (path != NULL)
550		filename = path + 1;
551	if (strlcat(ret, filename, sizeof(ret)) >= sizeof(ret))
552		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: Path too long");
553
554	return (xstrdup(ret));
555}
556
557/*
558 * Expand a string with a set of %[char] escapes. A number of escapes may be
559 * specified as (char *escape_chars, char *replacement) pairs. The list must
560 * be terminated by a NULL escape_char. Returns replaced string in memory
561 * allocated by xmalloc.
562 */
563char *
564percent_expand(const char *string, ...)
565{
566#define EXPAND_MAX_KEYS	16
567	u_int num_keys, i, j;
568	struct {
569		const char *key;
570		const char *repl;
571	} keys[EXPAND_MAX_KEYS];
572	char buf[4096];
573	va_list ap;
574
575	/* Gather keys */
576	va_start(ap, string);
577	for (num_keys = 0; num_keys < EXPAND_MAX_KEYS; num_keys++) {
578		keys[num_keys].key = va_arg(ap, char *);
579		if (keys[num_keys].key == NULL)
580			break;
581		keys[num_keys].repl = va_arg(ap, char *);
582		if (keys[num_keys].repl == NULL)
583			fatal("%s: NULL replacement", __func__);
584	}
585	if (num_keys == EXPAND_MAX_KEYS && va_arg(ap, char *) != NULL)
586		fatal("%s: too many keys", __func__);
587	va_end(ap);
588
589	/* Expand string */
590	*buf = '\0';
591	for (i = 0; *string != '\0'; string++) {
592		if (*string != '%') {
593 append:
594			buf[i++] = *string;
595			if (i >= sizeof(buf))
596				fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
597			buf[i] = '\0';
598			continue;
599		}
600		string++;
601		/* %% case */
602		if (*string == '%')
603			goto append;
604		for (j = 0; j < num_keys; j++) {
605			if (strchr(keys[j].key, *string) != NULL) {
606				i = strlcat(buf, keys[j].repl, sizeof(buf));
607				if (i >= sizeof(buf))
608					fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
609				break;
610			}
611		}
612		if (j >= num_keys)
613			fatal("%s: unknown key %%%c", __func__, *string);
614	}
615	return (xstrdup(buf));
616#undef EXPAND_MAX_KEYS
617}
618
619/*
620 * Read an entire line from a public key file into a static buffer, discarding
621 * lines that exceed the buffer size.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
622 */
623int
624read_keyfile_line(FILE *f, const char *filename, char *buf, size_t bufsz,
625   u_long *lineno)
626{
627	while (fgets(buf, bufsz, f) != NULL) {
628		if (buf[0] == '\0')
629			continue;
630		(*lineno)++;
631		if (buf[strlen(buf) - 1] == '\n' || feof(f)) {
632			return 0;
633		} else {
634			debug("%s: %s line %lu exceeds size limit", __func__,
635			    filename, *lineno);
636			/* discard remainder of line */
637			while (fgetc(f) != '\n' && !feof(f))
638				;	/* nothing */
639		}
640	}
641	return -1;
642}
643
644int
645tun_open(int tun, int mode)
646{
647#if defined(CUSTOM_SYS_TUN_OPEN)
648	return (sys_tun_open(tun, mode));
649#elif defined(SSH_TUN_OPENBSD)
650	struct ifreq ifr;
651	char name[100];
652	int fd = -1, sock;
653
654	/* Open the tunnel device */
655	if (tun <= SSH_TUNID_MAX) {
656		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/tun%d", tun);
657		fd = open(name, O_RDWR);
658	} else if (tun == SSH_TUNID_ANY) {
659		for (tun = 100; tun >= 0; tun--) {
660			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/tun%d", tun);
661			if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) >= 0)
662				break;
663		}
664	} else {
665		debug("%s: invalid tunnel %u", __func__, tun);
666		return (-1);
667	}
668
669	if (fd < 0) {
670		debug("%s: %s open failed: %s", __func__, name, strerror(errno));
671		return (-1);
672	}
673
674	debug("%s: %s mode %d fd %d", __func__, name, mode, fd);
675
676	/* Set the tunnel device operation mode */
677	snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "tun%d", tun);
678	if ((sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
679		goto failed;
680
681	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1)
682		goto failed;
683
684	/* Set interface mode */
685	ifr.ifr_flags &= ~IFF_UP;
686	if (mode == SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET)
687		ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_LINK0;
688	else
689		ifr.ifr_flags &= ~IFF_LINK0;
690	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1)
691		goto failed;
692
693	/* Bring interface up */
694	ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
695	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1)
696		goto failed;
697
698	close(sock);
699	return (fd);
700
701 failed:
702	if (fd >= 0)
703		close(fd);
704	if (sock >= 0)
705		close(sock);
706	debug("%s: failed to set %s mode %d: %s", __func__, name,
707	    mode, strerror(errno));
708	return (-1);
709#else
710	error("Tunnel interfaces are not supported on this platform");
711	return (-1);
712#endif
713}
714
715void
716sanitise_stdfd(void)
717{
718	int nullfd, dupfd;
719
720	if ((nullfd = dupfd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
721		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open /dev/null: %s\n",
722		    strerror(errno));
723		exit(1);
724	}
725	while (++dupfd <= 2) {
726		/* Only clobber closed fds */
727		if (fcntl(dupfd, F_GETFL, 0) >= 0)
728			continue;
729		if (dup2(nullfd, dupfd) == -1) {
730			fprintf(stderr, "dup2: %s\n", strerror(errno));
731			exit(1);
732		}
733	}
734	if (nullfd > 2)
735		close(nullfd);
736}
737
738char *
739tohex(const void *vp, size_t l)
740{
741	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
742	char b[3], *r;
743	size_t i, hl;
744
745	if (l > 65536)
746		return xstrdup("tohex: length > 65536");
747
748	hl = l * 2 + 1;
749	r = xcalloc(1, hl);
750	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
751		snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x", p[i]);
752		strlcat(r, b, hl);
753	}
754	return (r);
755}
756
757u_int64_t
758get_u64(const void *vp)
759{
760	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
761	u_int64_t v;
762
763	v  = (u_int64_t)p[0] << 56;
764	v |= (u_int64_t)p[1] << 48;
765	v |= (u_int64_t)p[2] << 40;
766	v |= (u_int64_t)p[3] << 32;
767	v |= (u_int64_t)p[4] << 24;
768	v |= (u_int64_t)p[5] << 16;
769	v |= (u_int64_t)p[6] << 8;
770	v |= (u_int64_t)p[7];
771
772	return (v);
773}
774
775u_int32_t
776get_u32(const void *vp)
777{
778	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
779	u_int32_t v;
780
781	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0] << 24;
782	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 16;
783	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 8;
784	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3];
785
786	return (v);
787}
788
789u_int16_t
790get_u16(const void *vp)
791{
792	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
793	u_int16_t v;
794
795	v  = (u_int16_t)p[0] << 8;
796	v |= (u_int16_t)p[1];
797
798	return (v);
799}
800
801void
802put_u64(void *vp, u_int64_t v)
803{
804	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
805
806	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 56) & 0xff;
807	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 48) & 0xff;
808	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 40) & 0xff;
809	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 32) & 0xff;
810	p[4] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
811	p[5] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
812	p[6] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
813	p[7] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
814}
815
816void
817put_u32(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
818{
819	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
820
821	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
822	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
823	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
824	p[3] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
825}
826
827
828void
829put_u16(void *vp, u_int16_t v)
830{
831	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
832
833	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
834	p[1] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
835}
836
837void
838ms_subtract_diff(struct timeval *start, int *ms)
839{
840	struct timeval diff, finish;
841
842	gettimeofday(&finish, NULL);
843	timersub(&finish, start, &diff);
844	*ms -= (diff.tv_sec * 1000) + (diff.tv_usec / 1000);
845}
846
847void
848ms_to_timeval(struct timeval *tv, int ms)
849{
850	if (ms < 0)
851		ms = 0;
852	tv->tv_sec = ms / 1000;
853	tv->tv_usec = (ms % 1000) * 1000;
854}
855
856void
857bandwidth_limit_init(struct bwlimit *bw, u_int64_t kbps, size_t buflen)
858{
859	bw->buflen = buflen;
860	bw->rate = kbps;
861	bw->thresh = bw->rate;
862	bw->lamt = 0;
863	timerclear(&bw->bwstart);
864	timerclear(&bw->bwend);
865}
866
867/* Callback from read/write loop to insert bandwidth-limiting delays */
868void
869bandwidth_limit(struct bwlimit *bw, size_t read_len)
870{
871	u_int64_t waitlen;
872	struct timespec ts, rm;
873
874	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwstart)) {
875		gettimeofday(&bw->bwstart, NULL);
876		return;
877	}
878
879	bw->lamt += read_len;
880	if (bw->lamt < bw->thresh)
881		return;
882
883	gettimeofday(&bw->bwend, NULL);
884	timersub(&bw->bwend, &bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend);
885	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwend))
886		return;
887
888	bw->lamt *= 8;
889	waitlen = (double)1000000L * bw->lamt / bw->rate;
890
891	bw->bwstart.tv_sec = waitlen / 1000000L;
892	bw->bwstart.tv_usec = waitlen % 1000000L;
893
894	if (timercmp(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, >)) {
895		timersub(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, &bw->bwend);
896
897		/* Adjust the wait time */
898		if (bw->bwend.tv_sec) {
899			bw->thresh /= 2;
900			if (bw->thresh < bw->buflen / 4)
901				bw->thresh = bw->buflen / 4;
902		} else if (bw->bwend.tv_usec < 10000) {
903			bw->thresh *= 2;
904			if (bw->thresh > bw->buflen * 8)
905				bw->thresh = bw->buflen * 8;
906		}
907
908		TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC(&bw->bwend, &ts);
909		while (nanosleep(&ts, &rm) == -1) {
910			if (errno != EINTR)
911				break;
912			ts = rm;
913		}
914	}
915
916	bw->lamt = 0;
917	gettimeofday(&bw->bwstart, NULL);
918}
919
920/* Make a template filename for mk[sd]temp() */
921void
922mktemp_proto(char *s, size_t len)
923{
924	const char *tmpdir;
925	int r;
926
927	if ((tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR")) != NULL) {
928		r = snprintf(s, len, "%s/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX", tmpdir);
929		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < len)
930			return;
931	}
932	r = snprintf(s, len, "/tmp/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX");
933	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= len)
934		fatal("%s: template string too short", __func__);
935}
936
937static const struct {
938	const char *name;
939	int value;
940} ipqos[] = {
941	{ "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 },
942	{ "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 },
943	{ "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 },
944	{ "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 },
945	{ "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 },
946	{ "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 },
947	{ "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 },
948	{ "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 },
949	{ "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 },
950	{ "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 },
951	{ "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 },
952	{ "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 },
953	{ "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 },
954	{ "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 },
955	{ "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 },
956	{ "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 },
957	{ "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 },
958	{ "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 },
959	{ "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 },
960	{ "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 },
961	{ "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF },
962	{ "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY },
963	{ "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT },
964	{ "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY },
965	{ NULL, -1 }
966};
967
968int
969parse_ipqos(const char *cp)
970{
971	u_int i;
972	char *ep;
973	long val;
974
975	if (cp == NULL)
976		return -1;
977	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
978		if (strcasecmp(cp, ipqos[i].name) == 0)
979			return ipqos[i].value;
980	}
981	/* Try parsing as an integer */
982	val = strtol(cp, &ep, 0);
983	if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0' || val < 0 || val > 255)
984		return -1;
985	return val;
986}
987
988const char *
989iptos2str(int iptos)
990{
991	int i;
992	static char iptos_str[sizeof "0xff"];
993
994	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
995		if (ipqos[i].value == iptos)
996			return ipqos[i].name;
997	}
998	snprintf(iptos_str, sizeof iptos_str, "0x%02x", iptos);
999	return iptos_str;
1000}
1001void
1002sock_set_v6only(int s)
1003{
1004#ifdef IPV6_V6ONLY
1005	int on = 1;
1006
1007	debug3("%s: set socket %d IPV6_V6ONLY", __func__, s);
1008	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, &on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
1009		error("setsockopt IPV6_V6ONLY: %s", strerror(errno));
1010#endif
1011}
1012