1<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 2<html> 3<!-- SECTION: Programming --> 4<head> 5 <title>Developing PostScript Printer Drivers </title> 6 <meta name="keywords" content="Programming"> 7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"> 8 <meta name="creator" content="Mini-XML v2.7"> 9<style type="text/css"><!-- 10BODY { 11 font-family: lucida grande, geneva, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; 12} 13 14H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, P, TD, TH { 15 font-family: lucida grande, geneva, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; 16} 17 18KBD { 19 font-family: monaco, courier, monospace; 20 font-weight: bold; 21} 22 23PRE { 24 font-family: monaco, courier, monospace; 25} 26 27PRE.command { 28 border: dotted thin #7f7f7f; 29 margin-left: 36pt; 30 padding: 10px; 31} 32 33P.compact { 34 margin: 0; 35} 36 37P.example { 38 font-style: italic; 39 margin-left: 36pt; 40} 41 42DL.man DD { 43 margin-left: 5em; 44} 45 46DL.man DT { 47 margin-left: 0; 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288} 289div.body h3, div.body h4, div.body h5 { 290 margin-bottom: 0.5em; 291 margin-top: 1.5em; 292} 293.class, .enumeration, .function, .struct, .typedef, .union { 294 border-bottom: solid thin #999999; 295 margin-bottom: 0; 296 margin-top: 2em; 297} 298.description { 299 margin-top: 0.5em; 300} 301code, p.code, pre, ul.code li { 302 font-family: monaco, courier, monospace; 303 font-size: 90%; 304} 305ul.code, ul.contents, ul.subcontents { 306 list-style-type: none; 307 margin: 0; 308 padding-left: 0; 309} 310ul.code li { 311 margin: 0; 312} 313ul.contents > li { 314 margin-top: 1em; 315} 316ul.contents li ul.code, ul.contents li ul.subcontents { 317 padding-left: 2em; 318} 319div.body dl { 320 margin-left: 0; 321 margin-top: 0; 322} 323div.body dt { 324 font-style: italic; 325 margin-left: 0; 326 margin-top: 0; 327} 328div.body dd { 329 margin-bottom: 0.5em; 330} 331 332/* This is just for the HTML files generated with the framedhelp target */ 333div.contents { 334 background: #e8e8e8; 335 border: solid thin black; 336 padding: 10px; 337} 338div.contents h1 { 339 font-size: 110%; 340} 341div.contents h2 { 342 font-size: 100%; 343} 344div.contents ul.contents { 345 font-size: 80%; 346} 347div.contents ul.subcontents li { 348 margin-left: 1em; 349 text-indent: -1em; 350} 351--></style> 352</head> 353<body> 354<div class='body'> 355<!-- 356 "$Id$" 357 358 PostScript printer driver documentation for CUPS. 359 360 Copyright 2007-2012 by Apple Inc. 361 Copyright 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products. 362 363 These coded instructions, statements, and computer programs are the 364 property of Apple Inc. and are protected by Federal copyright 365 law. Distribution and use rights are outlined in the file "LICENSE.txt" 366 which should have been included with this file. If this file is 367 file is missing or damaged, see the license at "http://www.cups.org/". 368--> 369 370<h1 class='title'>Developing PostScript Printer Drivers</h1> 371 372<p>This document describes how to develop printer drivers for PostScript printers. Topics include: <a href='#BASICS'>printer driver basics</a>, <a href='#CREATE'>creating new PPD files</a>, <a href='#IMPORT'>importing existing PPD files</a>, <a href='#FILTERS'>using custom filters</a>, <a href='#COLOR'>implementing color management</a>, and <a href='#MACOSX'>adding OS X features</a>.</p> 373 374<div class='summary'><table summary='General Information'> 375<tbody> 376<tr> 377 <th>See Also</th> 378 <td>Programming: <a href='raster-driver.html'>Developing Raster Printer Drivers</a><br> 379 Programming: <a href='api-filter.html'>Filter and Backend Programming</a><br> 380 Programming: <a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a><br> 381 Programming: <a href='api-raster.html'>Raster API</a><br> 382 References: <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html'>PPD Compiler Driver Information File Reference</a><br> 383 Specifications: <a href='spec-ppd.html'>CUPS PPD Extensions</a></td> 384</tr> 385</tbody> 386</table></div> 387<h2 class="title">Contents</h2> 388<ul class="contents"> 389<li><a href="#BASICS">Printer Driver Basics</a></li> 390<li><a href="#CREATING">Creating New PPD Files</a><ul class="subcontents"> 391 <li><a href="#IMPORT">Importing Existing PPD Files</a></li> 392</ul></li> 393<li><a href="#FILTERS">Using Custom Filters</a></li> 394<li><a href="#COLOR">Implementing Color Management</a></li> 395<li><a href="#MACOSX">Adding OS X Features</a></li> 396</ul> 397<h2 class='title'><a name='BASICS'>Printer Driver Basics</a></h2> 398 399<p>A CUPS PostScript printer driver consists of a PostScript Printer Description (PPD) file that describes the features and capabilities of the device, zero or more <em>filter</em> programs that prepare print data for the device, and zero or more support files for color management, online help, and so forth. The PPD file includes references to all of the filters and support files used by the driver.</p> 400 401<p>Every time a user prints something the scheduler program, <a href='man-cupsd.html'>cupsd(8)</a>, determines the format of the print job and the programs required to convert that job into something the printer understands. CUPS includes filter programs for many common formats, for example to convert Portable Document Format (PDF) files into device-independent PostScript, and then from device-independent PostScript to device-dependent PostScript. <a href='#FIGURE_1'>Figure 1</a> shows the data flow of a typical print job.</p> 402 403<div class='figure'><table summary='PostScript Filter Chain'> 404<caption>Figure 1: <a name='FIGURE_1'>PostScript Filter Chain</a></caption> 405<tr><td><img src='/images/cups-postscript-chain.png' width='700' height='150' alt='PostScript Filter Chain'></td></tr> 406</table></div> 407 408<p>The optional PostScript filter can be provided to add printer-specific commands to the PostScript output that cannot be represented in the PPD file or to reorganize the output for special printer features. Typically this is used to support advanced job management or finishing functions on the printer. CUPS includes a generic PostScript filter that handles all PPD-defined commands.</p> 409 410<p>The optional port monitor handles interface-specific protocol or encoding issues. For example, many PostScript printers support the Binary Communications Protocol (BCP) and Tagged Binary Communications Protocol (TBCP) to allow applications to print 8-bit ("binary") PostScript jobs. CUPS includes port monitors for BCP and TBCP, and you can supply your own port monitors as needed.</p> 411 412<p>The backend handles communications with the printer, sending print data from the last filter to the printer and relaying back-channel data from the printer to the upstream filters. CUPS includes backend programs for common direct-connect interfaces and network protocols, and you can provide your own backend to support custom interfaces and protocols.</p> 413 414<p>The scheduler also supports a special "command" file format for sending maintenance commands and status queries to a printer or printer driver. Command print jobs typically use a single command filter program defined in the PPD file to generate the appropriate printer commands and handle any responses from the printer. <a href='#FIGURE_2'>Figure 2</a> shows the data flow of a typical command job.</p> 415 416<div class='figure'><table summary='Command Filter Chain'> 417<caption>Figure 2: <a name='FIGURE_2'>Command Filter Chain</a></caption> 418<tr><td><img src='/images/cups-command-chain.png' width='575' height='150' alt='Command Filter Chain'></td></tr> 419</table></div> 420 421<p>PostScript printer drivers typically do not require their own command filter since CUPS includes a generic PostScript command filter that supports all of the standard functions using PPD-defined commands.</p> 422 423 424<h2 class='title'><a name='CREATING'>Creating New PPD Files</a></h2> 425 426<p>We recommend using the CUPS PPD compiler, <a href='man-ppdc.html'>ppdc(1)</a>, to create new PPD files since it manages many of the tedious (and error-prone!) details of paper sizes and localization for you. It also allows you to easily support multiple devices from a single source file. For more information see the "<a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a>" document. <a href='#LISTING_1'>Listing 1</a> shows a driver information file for a black-and-white PostScript printer.</p> 427 428<p class='example'>Listing 1: <a name='LISTING_1'>"examples/postscript.drv"</a></p> 429 430<pre class='example'> 431// Include standard font and media definitions 432<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> <font.defs> 433<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> <media.defs> 434 435// Specify this is a PostScript printer driver 436<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> ps 437 438// List the fonts that are supported, in this case all standard fonts 439<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Font'>Font</a> * 440 441// Manufacturer, model name, and version 442<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Manufacturer'>Manufacturer</a> "Foo" 443<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "Foo LaserProofer 2000" 444<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Version'>Version</a> 1.0 445 446// PostScript printer attributes 447<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> DefaultColorSpace "" Gray 448<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> LandscapeOrientation "" Minus90 449<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> LanguageLevel "" "3" 450<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> Product "" "(Foo LaserProofer 2000)" 451<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> PSVersion "" "(3010) 0" 452<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> TTRasterizer "" Type42 453 454// Supported page sizes 455*<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Letter 456<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Legal 457<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> A4 458 459// Query command for page size 460<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> "?PageSize" "" " 461 save 462 currentpagedevice /PageSize get aload pop 463 2 copy gt {exch} if (Unknown) 464 23 dict 465 dup [612 792] (Letter) put 466 dup [612 1008] (Legal) put 467 dup [595 842] (A4) put 468 {exch aload pop 4 index sub abs 5 le exch 469 5 index sub abs 5 le and 470 {exch pop exit} {pop} ifelse 471 } bind forall = flush pop pop 472 restore" 473 474// Specify the name of the PPD file we want to generate 475<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "fooproof.ppd" 476</pre> 477 478<h3>Required Attributes</h3> 479 480<p>PostScript drivers require the attributes listed in <a href='#TABLE_1'>Table 1</a>. If not specified, the defaults for CUPS drivers are used. A typical PostScript driver information file would include the following attributes:</p> 481 482<pre class='example'> 483<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> DefaultColorSpace "" Gray 484<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> LandscapeOrientation "" Minus90 485<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> LanguageLevel "" "3" 486<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> Product "" "(Foo LaserProofer 2000)" 487<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> PSVersion "" "(3010) 0" 488<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> TTRasterizer "" Type42 489</pre> 490 491<div class='table'><table summary='Required PostScript Printer Driver Attributes'> 492<caption>Table 1: <a name='TABLE_1'>Required PostScript Printer Driver Attributes</a></caption> 493<thead> 494<tr> 495 <th>Attribute</th> 496 <th>Description</th> 497</tr> 498</thead> 499<tbody> 500<tr> 501 <td><tt>DefaultColorSpace</tt></td> 502 <td>The default colorspace: 503 <tt>Gray</tt>, <tt>RGB</tt>, <tt>CMY</tt>, or 504 <tt>CMYK</tt>. If not specified, then <tt>RGB</tt> is 505 assumed.</td> 506</tr> 507<tr> 508 <td><tt>LandscapeOrientation</tt></td> 509 <td>The preferred landscape 510 orientation: <tt>Plus90</tt>, <tt>Minus90</tt>, or 511 <tt>Any</tt>. If not specified, <tt>Plus90</tt> is 512 assumed.</td> 513</tr> 514<tr> 515 <td><tt>LanguageLevel</tt></td> 516 <td>The PostScript language 517 level supported by the device: 1, 2, or 3. If not 518 specified, 2 is assumed.</td> 519</tr> 520<tr> 521 <td><tt>Product</tt></td> 522 <td>The string returned by 523 the PostScript <tt>product</tt> operator, which 524 <i>must</i> include parenthesis to conform with 525 PostScript syntax rules for strings. Multiple 526 <tt>Product</tt> attributes may be specified to support 527 multiple products with the same PPD file. If not 528 specified, "(ESP Ghostscript)" and "(GNU Ghostscript)" 529 are assumed.</td> 530</tr> 531<tr> 532 <td><tt>PSVersion</tt></td> 533 <td>The PostScript 534 interpreter version numbers as returned by the 535 <tt>version</tt> and <tt>revision</tt> operators. The 536 required format is "(version) revision". Multiple 537 <tt>PSVersion</tt> attributes may be specified to 538 support multiple interpreter version numbers. If not 539 specified, "(3010) 705" and "(3010) 707" are 540 assumed.</td> 541</tr> 542<tr> 543 <td><tt>TTRasterizer</tt></td> 544 <td>The type of TrueType 545 font rasterizer supported by the device, if any. The 546 supported values are <tt>None</tt>, <tt>Accept68k</tt>, 547 <tt>Type42</tt>, and <tt>TrueImage</tt>. If not 548 specified, <tt>None</tt> is assumed.</td> 549</tr> 550</table></div> 551 552<h3>Query Commands</h3> 553 554<p>Most PostScript printer PPD files include query commands (<tt>?PageSize</tt>, etc.) that allow applications to query the printer for its current settings and configuration. Query commands are included in driver information files as attributes. For example, the example in <a href='#LISTING_1'>Listing 1</a> uses the following definition for the <tt>PageSize</tt> query command:</p> 555 556<pre class='example'> 557<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> "?PageSize" "" " 558 save 559 currentpagedevice /PageSize get aload pop 560 2 copy gt {exch} if (Unknown) 561 23 dict 562 dup [612 792] (Letter) put 563 dup [612 1008] (Legal) put 564 dup [595 842] (A4) put 565 {exch aload pop 4 index sub abs 5 le exch 566 5 index sub abs 5 le and 567 {exch pop exit} {pop} ifelse 568 } bind forall = flush pop pop 569 restore" 570</pre> 571 572<p>Query commands can span multiple lines, however no single line may contain more than 255 characters.</p> 573 574<h3><a name='IMPORT'>Importing Existing PPD Files</a></h3> 575 576<P>CUPS includes a utility called <a href='man-ppdi.html'>ppdi(1)</a> 577which allows you to import existing PPD files into the driver information file 578format used by the PPD compiler <a href='man-ppdc.html'>ppdc(1)</a>. Once 579imported, you can modify, localize, and regenerate the PPD files easily. Type 580the following command to import the PPD file <VAR>mydevice.ppd</VAR> into the 581driver information file <VAR>mydevice.drv</VAR>:</P> 582 583<pre class='command'> 584ppdi -o mydevice.drv mydevice.ppd 585</pre> 586 587<P>If you have a whole directory of PPD files that you would like to import, 588you can list multiple filenames or use shell wildcards to import more than one 589PPD file on the command-line:</P> 590 591<pre class='command'> 592ppdi -o mydevice.drv mydevice1.ppd mydevice2.ppd 593ppdi -o mydevice.drv *.ppd 594</pre> 595 596<P>If the driver information file already exists, the new PPD 597file entries are appended to the end of the file. Each PPD file 598is placed in its own group of curly braces within the driver 599information file.</P> 600 601 602<h2 class='title'><a name='FILTERS'>Using Custom Filters</a></h2> 603 604<p>Normally a PostScript printer driver will not utilize any additional print filters. For drivers that provide additional filters such as a CUPS command file filter for doing printer maintenance, you must also list the following <tt>Filter</tt> directive to handle printing PostScript files:</p> 605 606<pre class='example'> 607<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-postscript 0 - 608</pre> 609 610<h3>Custom Command Filters</h3> 611 612<p>The <tt>application/vnd.cups-command</tt> file type is used for CUPS command files. Use the following <tt>Filter</tt> directive to handle CUPS command files:</p> 613 614<pre class='example'> 615<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-command 100 /path/to/command/filter 616</pre> 617 618<p>To use the standard PostScript command filter, specify <var>commandtops</var> as the path to the command filter.</p> 619 620<h3>Custom PDF Filters</h3> 621 622<p>The <tt>application/pdf</tt> file type is used for unfiltered PDF files while the <tt>application/vnd.cups-pdf</tt> file type is used for filtered PDF files. Use the following <tt>Filter</tt> directive to handle filtered PDF files:</p> 623 624<pre class='example'> 625<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-pdf 100 /path/to/pdf/filter 626</pre> 627 628<p>For unfiltered PDF files, use:</p> 629 630<pre class='example'> 631<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/pdf 100 /path/to/pdf/filter 632</pre> 633 634<p>Custom PDF filters that accept filtered data do not need to perform number-up processing and other types of page imposition, while those that accept unfiltered data MUST do the number-up processing themselves.</p> 635 636<h3>Custom PostScript Filters</h3> 637 638<p>The <tt>application/vnd.cups-postscript</tt> file type is used for filtered PostScript files. Use the following <tt>Filter</tt> directive to handle PostScript files:</p> 639 640<pre class='example'> 641<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-postscript 100 /path/to/postscript/filter 642</pre> 643 644 645<h2 class='title'><a name='COLOR'>Implementing Color Management</a></h2> 646 647<p>CUPS uses ICC color profiles to provide more accurate color reproduction. The <a href='spec-ppd.html#cupsICCProfile'><tt>cupsICCProfile</tt></a> attribute defines the color profiles that are available for a given printer, for example:</p> 648 649<pre class='example'> 650<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution/Description" /path/to/ICC/profile 651</pre> 652 653<p>where "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution" defines a selector based on the corresponding option selections. A simple driver might only define profiles for the color models that are supported, for example a printer supporting Gray and RGB might use:</p> 654 655<pre class='example'> 656<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "Gray../Grayscale Profile" /path/to/ICC/gray-profile 657<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "RGB../Full Color Profile" /path/to/ICC/rgb-profile 658</pre> 659 660<p>The options used for profile selection can be customized using the <tt>cupsICCQualifier2</tt> and <tt>cupsICCQualifier3</tt> attributes.</p> 661 662 663<h2 class='title'><a name='MACOSX'>Adding OS X Features</a></h2> 664 665<p>OS X printer drivers can provide <a href='spec-ppd.html#MACOSX'>additional attributes</a> to specify additional option panes in the print dialog, an image of the printer, a help book, and option presets for the driver software:</p> 666 667<pre class='example'> 668<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APDialogExtension "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.plugin 669<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APHelpBook "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.bundle 670<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterIconPath "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.icns 671<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterPreset "name/text" "*option choice ..." 672</pre> 673</div> 674</body> 675</html> 676