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355<!--
356  "$Id$"
357
358  PostScript printer driver documentation for CUPS.
359
360  Copyright 2007-2012 by Apple Inc.
361  Copyright 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products.
362
363  These coded instructions, statements, and computer programs are the
364  property of Apple Inc. and are protected by Federal copyright
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366  which should have been included with this file.  If this file is
367  file is missing or damaged, see the license at "http://www.cups.org/".
368-->
369
370<h1 class='title'>Developing PostScript Printer Drivers</h1>
371
372<p>This document describes how to develop printer drivers for PostScript printers. Topics include: <a href='#BASICS'>printer driver basics</a>, <a href='#CREATE'>creating new PPD files</a>, <a href='#IMPORT'>importing existing PPD files</a>, <a href='#FILTERS'>using custom filters</a>, <a href='#COLOR'>implementing color management</a>, and <a href='#MACOSX'>adding OS X features</a>.</p>
373
374<div class='summary'><table summary='General Information'>
375<tbody>
376<tr>
377	<th>See Also</th>
378	<td>Programming: <a href='raster-driver.html'>Developing Raster Printer Drivers</a><br>
379	Programming: <a href='api-filter.html'>Filter and Backend Programming</a><br>
380	Programming: <a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a><br>
381	Programming: <a href='api-raster.html'>Raster API</a><br>
382	References: <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html'>PPD Compiler Driver Information File Reference</a><br>
383	Specifications: <a href='spec-ppd.html'>CUPS PPD Extensions</a></td>
384</tr>
385</tbody>
386</table></div>
387<h2 class="title">Contents</h2>
388<ul class="contents">
389<li><a href="#BASICS">Printer Driver Basics</a></li>
390<li><a href="#CREATING">Creating New PPD Files</a><ul class="subcontents">
391	<li><a href="#IMPORT">Importing Existing PPD Files</a></li>
392</ul></li>
393<li><a href="#FILTERS">Using Custom Filters</a></li>
394<li><a href="#COLOR">Implementing Color Management</a></li>
395<li><a href="#MACOSX">Adding OS X Features</a></li>
396</ul>
397<h2 class='title'><a name='BASICS'>Printer Driver Basics</a></h2>
398
399<p>A CUPS PostScript printer driver consists of a PostScript Printer Description (PPD) file that describes the features and capabilities of the device, zero or more <em>filter</em> programs that prepare print data for the device, and zero or more support files for color management, online help, and so forth. The PPD file includes references to all of the filters and support files used by the driver.</p>
400
401<p>Every time a user prints something the scheduler program, <a href='man-cupsd.html'>cupsd(8)</a>, determines the format of the print job and the programs required to convert that job into something the printer understands. CUPS includes filter programs for many common formats, for example to convert Portable Document Format (PDF) files into device-independent PostScript, and then from device-independent PostScript to device-dependent PostScript. <a href='#FIGURE_1'>Figure 1</a> shows the data flow of a typical print job.</p>
402
403<div class='figure'><table summary='PostScript Filter Chain'>
404<caption>Figure 1: <a name='FIGURE_1'>PostScript Filter Chain</a></caption>
405<tr><td><img src='/images/cups-postscript-chain.png' width='700' height='150' alt='PostScript Filter Chain'></td></tr>
406</table></div>
407
408<p>The optional PostScript filter can be provided to add printer-specific commands to the PostScript output that cannot be represented in the PPD file or to reorganize the output for special printer features. Typically this is used to support advanced job management or finishing functions on the printer. CUPS includes a generic PostScript filter that handles all PPD-defined commands.</p>
409
410<p>The optional port monitor handles interface-specific protocol or encoding issues. For example, many PostScript printers support the Binary Communications Protocol (BCP) and Tagged Binary Communications Protocol (TBCP) to allow applications to print 8-bit ("binary") PostScript jobs. CUPS includes port monitors for BCP and TBCP, and you can supply your own port monitors as needed.</p>
411
412<p>The backend handles communications with the printer, sending print data from the last filter to the printer and relaying back-channel data from the printer to the upstream filters. CUPS includes backend programs for common direct-connect interfaces and network protocols, and you can provide your own backend to support custom interfaces and protocols.</p>
413
414<p>The scheduler also supports a special "command" file format for sending maintenance commands and status queries to a printer or printer driver. Command print jobs typically use a single command filter program defined in the PPD file to generate the appropriate printer commands and handle any responses from the printer. <a href='#FIGURE_2'>Figure 2</a> shows the data flow of a typical command job.</p>
415
416<div class='figure'><table summary='Command Filter Chain'>
417<caption>Figure 2: <a name='FIGURE_2'>Command Filter Chain</a></caption>
418<tr><td><img src='/images/cups-command-chain.png' width='575' height='150' alt='Command Filter Chain'></td></tr>
419</table></div>
420
421<p>PostScript printer drivers typically do not require their own command filter since CUPS includes a generic PostScript command filter that supports all of the standard functions using PPD-defined commands.</p>
422
423
424<h2 class='title'><a name='CREATING'>Creating New PPD Files</a></h2>
425
426<p>We recommend using the CUPS PPD compiler, <a href='man-ppdc.html'>ppdc(1)</a>, to create new PPD files since it manages many of the tedious (and error-prone!) details of paper sizes and localization for you. It also allows you to easily support multiple devices from a single source file. For more information see the "<a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a>" document. <a href='#LISTING_1'>Listing 1</a> shows a driver information file for a black-and-white PostScript printer.</p>
427
428<p class='example'>Listing 1: <a name='LISTING_1'>"examples/postscript.drv"</a></p>
429
430<pre class='example'>
431// Include standard font and media definitions
432<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;font.defs&gt;
433<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;media.defs&gt;
434
435// Specify this is a PostScript printer driver
436<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> ps
437
438// List the fonts that are supported, in this case all standard fonts
439<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Font'>Font</a> *
440
441// Manufacturer, model name, and version
442<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Manufacturer'>Manufacturer</a> "Foo"
443<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "Foo LaserProofer 2000"
444<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Version'>Version</a> 1.0
445
446// PostScript printer attributes
447<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> DefaultColorSpace "" Gray
448<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> LandscapeOrientation "" Minus90
449<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> LanguageLevel "" "3"
450<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> Product "" "(Foo LaserProofer 2000)"
451<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> PSVersion "" "(3010) 0"
452<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> TTRasterizer "" Type42
453
454// Supported page sizes
455*<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Letter
456<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Legal
457<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> A4
458
459// Query command for page size
460<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> "?PageSize" "" "
461      save
462      currentpagedevice /PageSize get aload pop
463      2 copy gt {exch} if (Unknown)
464      23 dict
465              dup [612 792] (Letter) put
466              dup [612 1008] (Legal) put
467              dup [595 842] (A4) put
468              {exch aload pop 4 index sub abs 5 le exch
469               5 index sub abs 5 le and
470              {exch pop exit} {pop} ifelse
471      } bind forall = flush pop pop
472      restore"
473
474// Specify the name of the PPD file we want to generate
475<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "fooproof.ppd"
476</pre>
477
478<h3>Required Attributes</h3>
479
480<p>PostScript drivers require the attributes listed in <a href='#TABLE_1'>Table 1</a>. If not specified, the defaults for CUPS drivers are used. A typical PostScript driver information file would include the following attributes:</p>
481
482<pre class='example'>
483<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> DefaultColorSpace "" Gray
484<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> LandscapeOrientation "" Minus90
485<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> LanguageLevel "" "3"
486<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> Product "" "(Foo LaserProofer 2000)"
487<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> PSVersion "" "(3010) 0"
488<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> TTRasterizer "" Type42
489</pre>
490
491<div class='table'><table summary='Required PostScript Printer Driver Attributes'>
492<caption>Table 1: <a name='TABLE_1'>Required PostScript Printer Driver Attributes</a></caption>
493<thead>
494<tr>
495	<th>Attribute</th>
496	<th>Description</th>
497</tr>
498</thead>
499<tbody>
500<tr>
501	<td><tt>DefaultColorSpace</tt></td>
502	<td>The default colorspace:
503	<tt>Gray</tt>, <tt>RGB</tt>, <tt>CMY</tt>, or
504	<tt>CMYK</tt>. If not specified, then <tt>RGB</tt> is
505	assumed.</td>
506</tr>
507<tr>
508	<td><tt>LandscapeOrientation</tt></td>
509	<td>The preferred landscape
510	orientation: <tt>Plus90</tt>, <tt>Minus90</tt>, or
511	<tt>Any</tt>. If not specified, <tt>Plus90</tt> is
512	assumed.</td>
513</tr>
514<tr>
515	<td><tt>LanguageLevel</tt></td>
516	<td>The PostScript language
517	level supported by the device: 1, 2, or 3. If not
518	specified, 2 is assumed.</td>
519</tr>
520<tr>
521	<td><tt>Product</tt></td>
522	<td>The string returned by
523	the PostScript <tt>product</tt> operator, which
524	<i>must</i> include parenthesis to conform with
525	PostScript syntax rules for strings. Multiple
526	<tt>Product</tt> attributes may be specified to support
527	multiple products with the same PPD file. If not
528	specified, "(ESP Ghostscript)" and "(GNU Ghostscript)"
529	are assumed.</td>
530</tr>
531<tr>
532	<td><tt>PSVersion</tt></td>
533	<td>The PostScript
534	interpreter version numbers as returned by the
535	<tt>version</tt> and <tt>revision</tt> operators. The
536	required format is "(version) revision". Multiple
537	<tt>PSVersion</tt> attributes may be specified to
538	support multiple interpreter version numbers. If not
539	specified, "(3010) 705" and "(3010) 707" are
540	assumed.</td>
541</tr>
542<tr>
543	<td><tt>TTRasterizer</tt></td>
544	<td>The type of TrueType
545	font rasterizer supported by the device, if any. The
546	supported values are <tt>None</tt>, <tt>Accept68k</tt>,
547	<tt>Type42</tt>, and <tt>TrueImage</tt>. If not
548	specified, <tt>None</tt> is assumed.</td>
549</tr>
550</table></div>
551
552<h3>Query Commands</h3>
553
554<p>Most PostScript printer PPD files include query commands (<tt>?PageSize</tt>, etc.) that allow applications to query the printer for its current settings and configuration. Query commands are included in driver information files as attributes. For example, the example in <a href='#LISTING_1'>Listing 1</a> uses the following definition for the <tt>PageSize</tt> query command:</p>
555
556<pre class='example'>
557<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> "?PageSize" "" "
558      save
559      currentpagedevice /PageSize get aload pop
560      2 copy gt {exch} if (Unknown)
561      23 dict
562              dup [612 792] (Letter) put
563              dup [612 1008] (Legal) put
564              dup [595 842] (A4) put
565              {exch aload pop 4 index sub abs 5 le exch
566               5 index sub abs 5 le and
567              {exch pop exit} {pop} ifelse
568      } bind forall = flush pop pop
569      restore"
570</pre>
571
572<p>Query commands can span multiple lines, however no single line may contain more than 255 characters.</p>
573
574<h3><a name='IMPORT'>Importing Existing PPD Files</a></h3>
575
576<P>CUPS includes a utility called <a href='man-ppdi.html'>ppdi(1)</a>
577which allows you to import existing PPD files into the driver information file
578format used by the PPD compiler <a href='man-ppdc.html'>ppdc(1)</a>. Once
579imported, you can modify, localize, and regenerate the PPD files easily. Type
580the following command to import the PPD file <VAR>mydevice.ppd</VAR> into the
581driver information file <VAR>mydevice.drv</VAR>:</P>
582
583<pre class='command'>
584ppdi -o mydevice.drv mydevice.ppd
585</pre>
586
587<P>If you have a whole directory of PPD files that you would like to import,
588you can list multiple filenames or use shell wildcards to import more than one
589PPD file on the command-line:</P>
590
591<pre class='command'>
592ppdi -o mydevice.drv mydevice1.ppd mydevice2.ppd
593ppdi -o mydevice.drv *.ppd
594</pre>
595
596<P>If the driver information file already exists, the new PPD
597file entries are appended to the end of the file. Each PPD file
598is placed in its own group of curly braces within the driver
599information file.</P>
600
601
602<h2 class='title'><a name='FILTERS'>Using Custom Filters</a></h2>
603
604<p>Normally a PostScript printer driver will not utilize any additional print filters. For drivers that provide additional filters such as a CUPS command file filter for doing printer maintenance, you must also list the following <tt>Filter</tt> directive to handle printing PostScript files:</p>
605
606<pre class='example'>
607<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-postscript 0 -
608</pre>
609
610<h3>Custom Command Filters</h3>
611
612<p>The <tt>application/vnd.cups-command</tt> file type is used for CUPS command files. Use the following <tt>Filter</tt> directive to handle CUPS command files:</p>
613
614<pre class='example'>
615<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-command 100 /path/to/command/filter
616</pre>
617
618<p>To use the standard PostScript command filter, specify <var>commandtops</var> as the path to the command filter.</p>
619
620<h3>Custom PDF Filters</h3>
621
622<p>The <tt>application/pdf</tt> file type is used for unfiltered PDF files while the <tt>application/vnd.cups-pdf</tt> file type is used for filtered PDF files. Use the following <tt>Filter</tt> directive to handle filtered PDF files:</p>
623
624<pre class='example'>
625<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-pdf 100 /path/to/pdf/filter
626</pre>
627
628<p>For unfiltered PDF files, use:</p>
629
630<pre class='example'>
631<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/pdf 100 /path/to/pdf/filter
632</pre>
633
634<p>Custom PDF filters that accept filtered data do not need to perform number-up processing and other types of page imposition, while those that accept unfiltered data MUST do the number-up processing themselves.</p>
635
636<h3>Custom PostScript Filters</h3>
637
638<p>The <tt>application/vnd.cups-postscript</tt> file type is used for filtered PostScript files. Use the following <tt>Filter</tt> directive to handle PostScript files:</p>
639
640<pre class='example'>
641<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-postscript 100 /path/to/postscript/filter
642</pre>
643
644
645<h2 class='title'><a name='COLOR'>Implementing Color Management</a></h2>
646
647<p>CUPS uses ICC color profiles to provide more accurate color reproduction. The <a href='spec-ppd.html#cupsICCProfile'><tt>cupsICCProfile</tt></a> attribute defines the color profiles that are available for a given printer, for example:</p>
648
649<pre class='example'>
650<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution/Description" /path/to/ICC/profile
651</pre>
652
653<p>where "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution" defines a selector based on the corresponding option selections. A simple driver might only define profiles for the color models that are supported, for example a printer supporting Gray and RGB might use:</p>
654
655<pre class='example'>
656<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "Gray../Grayscale Profile" /path/to/ICC/gray-profile
657<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "RGB../Full Color Profile" /path/to/ICC/rgb-profile
658</pre>
659
660<p>The options used for profile selection can be customized using the <tt>cupsICCQualifier2</tt> and <tt>cupsICCQualifier3</tt> attributes.</p>
661
662
663<h2 class='title'><a name='MACOSX'>Adding OS X Features</a></h2>
664
665<p>OS X printer drivers can provide <a href='spec-ppd.html#MACOSX'>additional attributes</a> to specify additional option panes in the print dialog, an image of the printer, a help book, and option presets for the driver software:</p>
666
667<pre class='example'>
668<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APDialogExtension "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.plugin
669<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APHelpBook "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.bundle
670<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterIconPath "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.icns
671<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterPreset "name/text" "*option choice ..."
672</pre>
673</div>
674</body>
675</html>
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