1<!-- 2 - Copyright (C) 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") 3 - Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2003 Internet Software Consortium. 4 - 5 - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any 6 - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 7 - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 8 - 9 - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH 10 - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY 11 - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, 12 - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM 13 - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE 14 - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR 15 - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 16--> 17<!-- $Id$ --> 18<html> 19<head> 20<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> 21<title>named</title> 22<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1"> 23</head> 24<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en"> 25<a name="man.named"></a><div class="titlepage"></div> 26<div class="refnamediv"> 27<h2>Name</h2> 28<p><span class="application">named</span> — Internet domain name server</p> 29</div> 30<div class="refsynopsisdiv"> 31<h2>Synopsis</h2> 32<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code> [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div> 33</div> 34<div class="refsect1" lang="en"> 35<a name="id2543482"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2> 36<p><span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> 37 is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, 38 part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more 39 information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035. 40 </p> 41<p> 42 When invoked without arguments, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> 43 will 44 read the default configuration file 45 <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial 46 data, and listen for queries. 47 </p> 48</div> 49<div class="refsect1" lang="en"> 50<a name="id2543507"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2> 51<div class="variablelist"><dl> 52<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt> 53<dd><p> 54 Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6. 55 <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually 56 exclusive. 57 </p></dd> 58<dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt> 59<dd><p> 60 Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4. 61 <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually 62 exclusive. 63 </p></dd> 64<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt> 65<dd><p> 66 Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the 67 configuration file instead of the default, 68 <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>. To 69 ensure that reloading the configuration file continues 70 to work after the server has changed its working 71 directory due to to a possible 72 <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration 73 file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be 74 an absolute pathname. 75 </p></dd> 76<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt> 77<dd><p> 78 Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>. 79 Debugging traces from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> become 80 more verbose as the debug level increases. 81 </p></dd> 82<dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em></span></dt> 83<dd><p> 84 Use a crypto hardware (OpenSSL engine) for the crypto operations 85 it supports, for instance re-signing with private keys from 86 a secure key store. When compiled with PKCS#11 support 87 <em class="replaceable"><code>engine-name</code></em> 88 defaults to pkcs11, the empty name resets it to no engine. 89 </p></dd> 90<dt><span class="term">-f</span></dt> 91<dd><p> 92 Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize). 93 </p></dd> 94<dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt> 95<dd><p> 96 Run the server in the foreground and force all logging 97 to <code class="filename">stderr</code>. 98 </p></dd> 99<dt><span class="term">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt> 100<dd><p> 101 Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are 102 <em class="replaceable"><code>usage</code></em>, 103 <em class="replaceable"><code>trace</code></em>, 104 <em class="replaceable"><code>record</code></em>, 105 <em class="replaceable"><code>size</code></em>, and 106 <em class="replaceable"><code>mctx</code></em>. 107 These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in 108 <code class="filename"><isc/mem.h></code>. 109 </p></dd> 110<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt> 111<dd><p> 112 Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads 113 to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified, 114 <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will try to determine the 115 number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU. 116 If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a 117 single worker thread will be created. 118 </p></dd> 119<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt> 120<dd><p> 121 Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>. If not 122 specified, the default is port 53. 123 </p></dd> 124<dt><span class="term">-s</span></dt> 125<dd> 126<p> 127 Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit. 128 </p> 129<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> 130<h3 class="title">Note</h3> 131<p> 132 This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers 133 and may be removed or changed in a future release. 134 </p> 135</div> 136</dd> 137<dt><span class="term">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></span></dt> 138<dd> 139<p> 140 Allow <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to use up to 141 <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em> sockets. 142 </p> 143<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> 144<h3 class="title">Warning</h3> 145<p> 146 This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority 147 of users. 148 The use of this option could even be harmful because the 149 specified value may exceed the limitation of the 150 underlying system API. 151 It is therefore set only when the default configuration 152 causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the 153 operational environment is known to support the 154 specified number of sockets. 155 Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little 156 fewer than the specified value because 157 <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> reserves some file descriptors 158 for its internal use. 159 </p> 160</div> 161</dd> 162<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt> 163<dd> 164<p>Chroot 165 to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after 166 processing the command line arguments, but before 167 reading the configuration file. 168 </p> 169<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> 170<h3 class="title">Warning</h3> 171<p> 172 This option should be used in conjunction with the 173 <code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process 174 running as root doesn't enhance security on most 175 systems; the way <code class="function">chroot(2)</code> is 176 defined allows a process with root privileges to 177 escape a chroot jail. 178 </p> 179</div> 180</dd> 181<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt> 182<dd> 183<p>Setuid 184 to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing 185 privileged operations, such as creating sockets that 186 listen on privileged ports. 187 </p> 188<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> 189<h3 class="title">Note</h3> 190<p> 191 On Linux, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> uses the kernel's 192 capability mechanism to drop all root privileges 193 except the ability to <code class="function">bind(2)</code> to 194 a 195 privileged port and set process resource limits. 196 Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code> 197 option only works when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is 198 run 199 on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or 200 later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges 201 to be retained after <code class="function">setuid(2)</code>. 202 </p> 203</div> 204</dd> 205<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt> 206<dd><p> 207 Report the version number and exit. 208 </p></dd> 209<dt><span class="term">-V</span></dt> 210<dd><p> 211 Report the version number and build options, and exit. 212 </p></dd> 213<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt> 214<dd> 215<p> 216 Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the 217 cache of the default view. 218 </p> 219<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> 220<h3 class="title">Warning</h3> 221<p> 222 This option must not be used. It is only of interest 223 to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a 224 future release. 225 </p> 226</div> 227</dd> 228</dl></div> 229</div> 230<div class="refsect1" lang="en"> 231<a name="id2543964"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2> 232<p> 233 In routine operation, signals should not be used to control 234 the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used 235 instead. 236 </p> 237<div class="variablelist"><dl> 238<dt><span class="term">SIGHUP</span></dt> 239<dd><p> 240 Force a reload of the server. 241 </p></dd> 242<dt><span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</span></dt> 243<dd><p> 244 Shut down the server. 245 </p></dd> 246</dl></div> 247<p> 248 The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined. 249 </p> 250</div> 251<div class="refsect1" lang="en"> 252<a name="id2544012"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2> 253<p> 254 The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex 255 to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided 256 in the 257 <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>. 258 </p> 259<p> 260 <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> inherits the <code class="function">umask</code> 261 (file creation mode mask) from the parent process. If files 262 created by <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>, such as journal files, 263 need to have custom permissions, the <code class="function">umask</code> 264 should be set explicitly in the script used to start the 265 <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> process. 266 </p> 267</div> 268<div class="refsect1" lang="en"> 269<a name="id2544049"></a><h2>FILES</h2> 270<div class="variablelist"><dl> 271<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt> 272<dd><p> 273 The default configuration file. 274 </p></dd> 275<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code></span></dt> 276<dd><p> 277 The default process-id file. 278 </p></dd> 279</dl></div> 280</div> 281<div class="refsect1" lang="en"> 282<a name="id2544088"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2> 283<p><em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</em>, 284 <em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>, 285 <em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>, 286 <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkconf</span>(8)</span>, 287 <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkzone</span>(8)</span>, 288 <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>, 289 <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>(8)</span>, 290 <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>, 291 <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>. 292 </p> 293</div> 294<div class="refsect1" lang="en"> 295<a name="id2544295"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2> 296<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span> 297 </p> 298</div> 299</div></body> 300</html> 301