1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> 2<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> 3<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!-- 4 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 5 This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT 6 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 7 --> 8<title>mod_unixd - Apache HTTP Server</title> 9<link href="/style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> 10<link href="/style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> 11<link href="/style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/style/css/prettify.css" /> 12<script src="/style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> 13</script> 14 15<link href="/images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> 16<body> 17<div id="page-header"> 18<p class="menu"><a href="/mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="/mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="/glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> 19<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> 20<img alt="" src="/images/feather.gif" /></div> 21<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="/images/left.gif" /></a></div> 22<div id="path"> 23<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div> 24<div id="page-content"> 25<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_unixd</h1> 26<div class="toplang"> 27<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/mod/mod_unixd.html" title="English"> en </a> | 28<a href="/fr/mod/mod_unixd.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a> | 29<a href="/tr/mod/mod_unixd.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T�rk�e"> tr </a></p> 30</div> 31<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Basic (required) security for Unix-family platforms.</td></tr> 32<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr> 33<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module�Identifier:</a></th><td>unixd_module</td></tr> 34<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source�File:</a></th><td>mod_unixd.c</td></tr></table> 35</div> 36<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3> 37<ul id="toc"> 38<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#chrootdir">ChrootDir</a></li> 39<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#group">Group</a></li> 40<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#suexec">Suexec</a></li> 41<li><img alt="" src="/images/down.gif" /> <a href="#user">User</a></li> 42</ul> 43<h3>See also</h3> 44<ul class="seealso"> 45<li><a href="/suexec.html">suEXEC support</a></li> 46</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> 47 48<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 49<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ChrootDir" id="ChrootDir">ChrootDir</a> <a name="chrootdir" id="chrootdir">Directive</a></h2> 50<table class="directive"> 51<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Directory for apache to run chroot(8) after startup.</td></tr> 52<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ChrootDir <var>/path/to/directory</var></code></td></tr> 53<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>none</code></td></tr> 54<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr> 55<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr> 56<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td><code class="module"><a href="/mod/mod_unixd.html">mod_unixd</a></code></td></tr> 57<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.2.10 and later</td></tr> 58</table> 59 <p>This directive tells the server to <var>chroot(8)</var> to the 60 specified directory after startup, but before accepting requests 61 over the 'net.</p> 62 <p>Note that running the server under chroot is not simple, 63 and requires additional setup, particularly if you are running 64 scripts such as CGI or PHP. Please make sure you are properly 65 familiar with the operation of chroot before attempting to use 66 this feature.</p> 67 68</div> 69<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 70<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Group" id="Group">Group</a> <a name="group" id="group">Directive</a></h2> 71<table class="directive"> 72<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Group under which the server will answer 73requests</td></tr> 74<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Group <var>unix-group</var></code></td></tr> 75<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>Group #-1</code></td></tr> 76<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr> 77<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr> 78<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_unixd</td></tr> 79</table> 80 <p>The <code class="directive">Group</code> directive sets the group under 81 which the server will answer requests. In order to use this 82 directive, the server must be run initially as <code>root</code>. If 83 you start the server as a non-root user, it will fail to change to the 84 specified group, and will instead continue to run as the group of the 85 original user. <var>Unix-group</var> is one of:</p> 86 87 <dl> 88 <dt>A group name</dt> 89 <dd>Refers to the given group by name.</dd> 90 91 <dt><code>#</code> followed by a group number.</dt> 92 <dd>Refers to a group by its number.</dd> 93 </dl> 94 95 <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Group www-group</pre> 96</div> 97 98 <p>It is recommended that you set up a new group specifically for 99 running the server. Some admins use user <code>nobody</code>, 100 but this is not always possible or desirable.</p> 101 102 <div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3> 103 <p>Don't set <code class="directive">Group</code> (or <code class="directive"><a href="#user">User</a></code>) to <code>root</code> unless 104 you know exactly what you are doing, and what the dangers are.</p> 105 </div> 106 107 108<h3>See also</h3> 109<ul> 110<li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_privileges.html#vhostgroup">VHostGroup</a></code></li> 111<li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code></li> 112</ul> 113</div> 114<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 115<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Suexec" id="Suexec">Suexec</a> <a name="suexec" id="suexec">Directive</a></h2> 116<table class="directive"> 117<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enable or disable the suEXEC feature</td></tr> 118<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Suexec On|Off</code></td></tr> 119<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>On if suexec binary exists with proper owner and mode, 120Off otherwise</code></td></tr> 121<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr> 122<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr> 123<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_unixd</td></tr> 124<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache httpd 2.3.9 and later</td></tr> 125</table> 126 <p>When On, startup will fail if the suexec binary doesn't exist 127 or has an invalid owner or file mode.</p> 128 <p>When Off, suEXEC will be disabled even if the suexec binary exists 129 and has a valid owner and file mode.</p> 130 131</div> 132<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="/images/up.gif" /></a></div> 133<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="User" id="User">User</a> <a name="user" id="user">Directive</a></h2> 134<table class="directive"> 135<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The userid under which the server will answer 136requests</td></tr> 137<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>User <var>unix-userid</var></code></td></tr> 138<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>User #-1</code></td></tr> 139<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr> 140<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr> 141<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_unixd</td></tr> 142</table> 143 <p>The <code class="directive">User</code> directive sets the user ID as 144 which the server will answer requests. In order to use this 145 directive, the server must be run initially as <code>root</code>. 146 If you start the server as a non-root user, it will fail to change 147 to the lesser privileged user, and will instead continue to run as 148 that original user. If you do start the server as <code>root</code>, 149 then it is normal for the parent process to remain running as root. 150 <var>Unix-userid</var> is one of:</p> 151 152 <dl> 153 <dt>A username</dt> 154 <dd>Refers to the given user by name.</dd> 155 156 <dt># followed by a user number.</dt> 157 <dd>Refers to a user by its number.</dd> 158 </dl> 159 160 <p>The user should have no privileges that result in it being 161 able to access files that are not intended to be visible to the 162 outside world, and similarly, the user should not be able to 163 execute code that is not meant for HTTP requests. It is 164 recommended that you set up a new user and group specifically for 165 running the server. Some admins use user <code>nobody</code>, but 166 this is not always desirable, since the <code>nobody</code> user 167 can have other uses on the system.</p> 168 169 <div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3> 170 <p>Don't set <code class="directive">User</code> (or <code class="directive"><a href="#group">Group</a></code>) to <code>root</code> unless 171 you know exactly what you are doing, and what the dangers are.</p> 172 </div> 173 174 175<h3>See also</h3> 176<ul> 177<li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_privileges.html#vhostuser">VHostUser</a></code></li> 178<li><code class="directive"><a href="/mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code></li> 179</ul> 180</div> 181</div> 182<div class="bottomlang"> 183<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="/en/mod/mod_unixd.html" title="English"> en </a> | 184<a href="/fr/mod/mod_unixd.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a> | 185<a href="/tr/mod/mod_unixd.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T�rk�e"> tr </a></p> 186</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="/images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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