1GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 2 3Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 4 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5See the end of the file for license conditions. 6 7Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org. 8If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug. 9 10This file is about changes in Emacs version 22. 11 12See files NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18, and NEWS.1-17 for changes 13in older Emacs versions. 14 15You can narrow news to a specific version by calling `view-emacs-news' 16with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n. 17 18* About external Lisp packages 19 20When you upgrade to Emacs 22 from a previous version, some older 21versions of external Lisp packages are known to behave badly. 22So in general, it is recommended that you upgrade to the latest 23versions of any external Lisp packages that you are using. 24 25You should also be aware that many Lisp packages have been included 26with Emacs 22 (see the extensive list below), and you should remove 27any older versions of these packages to ensure that the Emacs 22 28version is used. You can use M-x list-load-path-shadows to find such 29older packages. 30 31Some specific packages that are known to cause problems are: 32 33** Semantic (used by CEDET, ECB, JDEE): upgrade to latest version. 34 35** cua.el, cua-mode.el: remove old versions. 36 37 38* Installation Changes in Emacs 22.1 39 40** You can build Emacs with Gtk+ widgets by specifying `--with-x-toolkit=gtk' 41when you run configure. This requires Gtk+ 2.4 or newer. This port 42provides a way to display multilingual text in menus (with some caveats). 43 44** The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is now part of the distribution. 45 46The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual in Info format is built as part of the 47Emacs build procedure and installed together with the Emacs User 48Manual. A menu item was added to the menu bar to make it easily 49accessible (Help->More Manuals->Emacs Lisp Reference). 50 51** The Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp manual is now part of 52the distribution. 53 54This manual is now part of the standard distribution and is installed, 55together with the Emacs User Manual, into the Info directory. A menu 56item was added to the menu bar to make it easily accessible 57(Help->More Manuals->Introduction to Emacs Lisp). 58 59** Leim is now part of the Emacs distribution. 60You no longer need to download a separate tarball in order to build 61Emacs with Leim. 62 63** Support for MacOS X was added. 64See the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions. 65 66** Mac OS 9 port now uses the Carbon API by default. You can also 67create a non-Carbon build by specifying `NonCarbon' as a target. See 68the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions. 69 70** Support for a Cygwin build of Emacs was added. 71 72** Support for GNU/Linux systems on X86-64 machines was added. 73 74** Support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 machines was added. 75 76** Support for GNU/Linux systems on Tensilica Xtensa machines was added. 77 78** Support for FreeBSD/Alpha has been added. 79 80** New translations of the Emacs Tutorial are available in the 81following languages: Brasilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Chinese (both 82with simplified and traditional characters), French, Russian, and 83Italian. Type `C-u C-h t' to choose one of them in case your language 84setup doesn't automatically select the right one. 85 86** New translations of the Emacs reference card are available in the 87Brasilian Portuguese and Russian. The corresponding PostScript files 88are also included. 89 90** A French translation of the `Emacs Survival Guide' is available. 91 92** Emacs now supports new configure options `--program-prefix', 93`--program-suffix' and `--program-transform-name' that affect the names of 94installed programs. 95 96** By default, Emacs now uses a setgid helper program to update game 97scores. The directory ${localstatedir}/games/emacs is the normal 98place for game scores to be stored. You can control this with the 99configure option `--with-game-dir'. The specific user that Emacs uses 100to own the game scores is controlled by `--with-game-user'. If access 101to a game user is not available, then scores will be stored separately 102in each user's home directory. 103 104** Emacs now includes support for loading image libraries on demand. 105(Currently this feature is only used on MS Windows.) You can configure 106the supported image types and their associated dynamic libraries by 107setting the variable `image-library-alist'. 108 109** Emacs can now be built without sound support. 110 111** Emacs Lisp source files are compressed by default if `gzip' is available. 112 113** All images used in Emacs have been consolidated in etc/images and subdirs. 114See also the changes to `find-image', documented below. 115 116** Emacs comes with a new set of icons. 117These icons are displayed on the taskbar and/or titlebar when Emacs 118runs in a graphical environment. Source files for these icons can be 119found in etc/images/icons. (You can't change the icons displayed by 120Emacs by changing these files directly. On X, the icon is compiled 121into the Emacs executable; see gnu.h in the source tree. On MS 122Windows, see nt/icons/emacs.ico.) 123 124** The `emacsserver' program has been removed, replaced with Lisp code. 125 126** The `yow' program has been removed. 127Use the corresponding Emacs feature instead. 128 129** The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el uses a different terminfo name. 130The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el now uses "eterm-color" as its 131terminfo name, since term.el now supports color. 132 133** The script etc/emacs-buffer.gdb can be used with gdb to retrieve the 134contents of buffers from a core dump and save them to files easily, should 135Emacs crash. 136 137** Building with -DENABLE_CHECKING does not automatically build with union 138types any more. Add -DUSE_LISP_UNION_TYPE if you want union types. 139 140** When pure storage overflows while dumping, Emacs now prints how 141much pure storage it will approximately need. 142 143 144* Startup Changes in Emacs 22.1 145 146** Init file changes 147If the init file ~/.emacs does not exist, Emacs will try 148~/.emacs.d/init.el or ~/.emacs.d/init.elc. Likewise, if the shell init file 149~/.emacs_SHELL is not found, Emacs will try ~/.emacs.d/init_SHELL.sh. 150 151** Emacs can now be invoked in full-screen mode on a windowed display. 152When Emacs is invoked on a window system, the new command-line options 153`--fullwidth', `--fullheight', and `--fullscreen' produce a frame 154whose width, height, or both width and height take up the entire 155screen size. (For now, this does not work with some window managers.) 156 157** Emacs now displays a splash screen by default even if command-line 158arguments were given. The new command-line option --no-splash 159disables the splash screen; see also the variable 160`inhibit-splash-screen' (which is also aliased as 161`inhibit-startup-message'). 162 163** New user option `inhibit-startup-buffer-menu'. 164When loading many files, for instance with `emacs *', Emacs normally 165displays a buffer menu. This option turns the buffer menu off. 166 167** New command line option -nbc or --no-blinking-cursor disables 168the blinking cursor on graphical terminals. 169 170** The option --script FILE runs Emacs in batch mode and loads FILE. 171It is useful for writing Emacs Lisp shell script files, because they 172can start with this line: 173 174 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script 175 176** The -f option, used from the command line to call a function, 177now reads arguments for the function interactively if it is 178an interactively callable function. 179 180** The option --directory DIR now modifies `load-path' immediately. 181Directories are added to the front of `load-path' in the order they 182appear on the command line. For example, with this command line: 183 184 emacs -batch -L .. -L /tmp --eval "(require 'foo)" 185 186Emacs looks for library `foo' in the parent directory, then in /tmp, then 187in the other directories in `load-path'. (-L is short for --directory.) 188 189** When you specify a frame size with --geometry, the size applies to 190all frames you create. A position specified with --geometry only 191affects the initial frame. 192 193** Emacs built for MS-Windows now behaves like Emacs on X does, 194with respect to its frame position: if you don't specify a position 195(in your .emacs init file, in the Registry, or with the --geometry 196command-line option), Emacs leaves the frame position to the Windows' 197window manager. 198 199** The command line option --no-windows has been changed to 200--no-window-system. The old one still works, but is deprecated. 201 202** If the environment variable DISPLAY specifies an unreachable X display, 203Emacs will now startup as if invoked with the --no-window-system option. 204 205** Emacs now reads the standard abbrevs file ~/.abbrev_defs 206automatically at startup, if it exists. When Emacs offers to save 207modified buffers, it saves the abbrevs too if they have changed. It 208can do this either silently or asking for confirmation first, 209according to the value of `save-abbrevs'. 210 211** New command line option -Q or --quick. 212This is like using -q --no-site-file, but in addition it also disables 213the fancy startup screen. 214 215** New command line option -D or --basic-display. 216Disables the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars, tool tips, and 217the blinking cursor. 218 219** The default is now to use a bitmap as the icon. 220The command-line options --icon-type, -i have been replaced with 221options --no-bitmap-icon, -nbi to turn the bitmap icon off. 222 223** If the environment variable EMAIL is defined, Emacs now uses its value 224to compute the default value of `user-mail-address', in preference to 225concatenation of `user-login-name' with the name of your host machine. 226 227 228* Incompatible Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1 229 230** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link. 231 232See below for more details. 233 234** When the undo information of the current command gets really large 235(beyond the value of `undo-outer-limit'), Emacs discards it and warns 236you about it. 237 238** When Emacs prompts for file names, SPC no longer completes the file name. 239This is so filenames with embedded spaces could be input without the 240need to quote the space with a C-q. The underlying changes in the 241keymaps that are active in the minibuffer are described below under 242"New keymaps for typing file names". 243 244** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only 245to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point, 246it remains unchanged. 247 248** In incremental search, C-w is changed. M-%, C-M-w and C-M-y are special. 249 250See below under "incremental search changes". 251 252** M-g is now a prefix key. 253M-g g and M-g M-g run goto-line. 254M-g n and M-g M-n run next-error (like C-x `). 255M-g p and M-g M-p run previous-error. 256 257** C-u M-g M-g switches to the most recent previous buffer, 258and goes to the specified line in that buffer. 259 260When goto-line starts to execute, if there's a number in the buffer at 261point then it acts as the default argument for the minibuffer. 262 263** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties; 264M-o M-o requests refontification. 265 266** C-x C-f RET (find-file), typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer 267a special case. 268 269Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect 270of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the 271directory with Dired. 272 273You can get the old behavior by typing C-x C-f M-n RET, which fetches 274the actual file name into the minibuffer. 275 276** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now 277control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded 278by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards 279too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the 280doublequotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent 281special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'. 282 283** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a 284previous mark if you set `set-mark-command-repeat-pop' to t. I.e. C-u 285C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC 286to set the mark immediately after a jump. 287 288** The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i 289have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S. 290 291** `apply-macro-to-region-lines' now operates on all lines that begin 292in the region, rather than on all complete lines in the region. 293 294** line-move-ignore-invisible now defaults to t. 295 296** Adaptive filling misfeature removed. 297It no longer treats `NNN.' or `(NNN)' as a prefix. 298 299** The old bindings C-M-delete and C-M-backspace have been deleted, 300since there are situations where one or the other will shut down 301the operating system or your X server. 302 303** The register compatibility key bindings (deprecated since Emacs 19) 304have been removed: 305 C-x / point-to-register (Use: C-x r SPC) 306 C-x j jump-to-register (Use: C-x r j) 307 C-x x copy-to-register (Use: C-x r s) 308 C-x g insert-register (Use: C-x r i) 309 310 311* Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1 312 313** The max size of buffers and integers has been doubled. 314On 32bit machines, it is now 256M (i.e. 268435455). 315 316** !MEM FULL! at the start of the mode line indicates that Emacs 317cannot get any more memory for Lisp data. This often means it could 318crash soon if you do things that use more memory. On most systems, 319killing buffers will get out of this state. If killing buffers does 320not make !MEM FULL! disappear, you should save your work and start 321a new Emacs. 322 323** `undo-only' does an undo which does not redo any previous undo. 324 325** Yanking text now discards certain text properties that can 326be inconvenient when you did not expect them. The variable 327`yank-excluded-properties' specifies which ones. Insertion 328of register contents and rectangles also discards these properties. 329 330** New command `kill-whole-line' kills an entire line at once. 331By default, it is bound to C-S-<backspace>. 332 333** M-SPC (just-one-space) when given a numeric argument N 334converts whitespace around point to N spaces. 335 336** You can now switch buffers in a cyclic order with C-x C-left 337(previous-buffer) and C-x C-right (next-buffer). C-x left and 338C-x right can be used as well. The functions keep a different buffer 339cycle for each frame, using the frame-local buffer list. 340 341** C-x 5 C-o displays a specified buffer in another frame 342but does not switch to that frame. It's the multi-frame 343analogue of C-x 4 C-o. 344 345** `special-display-buffer-names' and `special-display-regexps' now 346understand two new boolean pseudo-frame-parameters `same-frame' and 347`same-window'. 348 349** New commands to operate on pairs of open and close characters: 350`insert-pair', `delete-pair', `raise-sexp'. 351 352** M-x setenv now expands environment variable references. 353 354Substrings of the form `$foo' and `${foo}' in the specified new value 355now refer to the value of environment variable foo. To include a `$' 356in the value, use `$$'. 357 358** The default values of paragraph-start and indent-line-function have 359been changed to reflect those used in Text mode rather than those used 360in Paragraph-Indent Text mode. 361 362** The default for the paper size (variable ps-paper-type) is taken 363from the locale. 364 365** Help command changes: 366 367*** Changes in C-h bindings: 368 369C-h e displays the *Messages* buffer. 370 371C-h d runs apropos-documentation. 372 373C-h r visits the Emacs Manual in Info. 374 375C-h followed by a control character is used for displaying files 376 that do not change: 377 378C-h C-f displays the FAQ. 379C-h C-e displays the PROBLEMS file. 380 381The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i 382have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S. 383 384C-h c, C-h k, C-h w, and C-h f now handle remapped interactive commands. 385- C-h c and C-h k report the actual command (after possible remapping) 386 run by the key sequence. 387- C-h w and C-h f on a command which has been remapped now report the 388 command it is remapped to, and the keys which can be used to run 389 that command. 390 391For example, if C-k is bound to kill-line, and kill-line is remapped 392to new-kill-line, these commands now report: 393- C-h c and C-h k C-k reports: 394 C-k runs the command new-kill-line 395- C-h w and C-h f kill-line reports: 396 kill-line is remapped to new-kill-line which is on C-k, <deleteline> 397- C-h w and C-h f new-kill-line reports: 398 new-kill-line is on C-k 399 400*** The apropos commands now accept a list of words to match. 401When more than one word is specified, at least two of those words must 402be present for an item to match. Regular expression matching is still 403available. 404 405*** The new option `apropos-sort-by-scores' causes the matching items 406to be sorted according to their score. The score for an item is a 407number calculated to indicate how well the item matches the words or 408regular expression that you entered to the apropos command. The best 409match is listed first, and the calculated score is shown for each 410matching item. 411 412*** Help commands `describe-function' and `describe-key' now show function 413arguments in lowercase italics on displays that support it. To change the 414default, customize face `help-argument-name' or redefine the function 415`help-default-arg-highlight'. 416 417*** C-h v and C-h f commands now include a hyperlink to the C source for 418variables and functions defined in C (if the C source is available). 419 420*** Help mode now only makes hyperlinks for faces when the face name is 421preceded or followed by the word `face'. It no longer makes 422hyperlinks for variables without variable documentation, unless 423preceded by one of the words `variable' or `option'. It now makes 424hyperlinks to Info anchors (or nodes) if the anchor (or node) name is 425enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `info anchor' or `Info 426anchor' (in addition to earlier `info node' and `Info node'). In 427addition, it now makes hyperlinks to URLs as well if the URL is 428enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `URL'. 429 430*** The new command `describe-char' (C-u C-x =) pops up a buffer with 431description various information about a character, including its 432encodings and syntax, its text properties, how to input, overlays, and 433widgets at point. You can get more information about some of them, by 434clicking on mouse-sensitive areas or moving there and pressing RET. 435 436*** The command `list-text-properties-at' has been deleted because 437C-u C-x = gives the same information and more. 438 439*** New command `display-local-help' displays any local help at point 440in the echo area. It is bound to `C-h .'. It normally displays the 441same string that would be displayed on mouse-over using the 442`help-echo' property, but, in certain cases, it can display a more 443keyboard oriented alternative. 444 445*** New user option `help-at-pt-display-when-idle' allows you to 446automatically show the help provided by `display-local-help' on 447point-over, after suitable idle time. The amount of idle time is 448determined by the user option `help-at-pt-timer-delay' and defaults 449to one second. This feature is turned off by default. 450 451** Mark command changes: 452 453*** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a 454previous mark, i.e. C-u C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the 455mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC to set the mark immediately after a jump. 456 457*** Marking commands extend the region when invoked multiple times. 458 459If you type C-M-SPC (mark-sexp), M-@ (mark-word), M-h 460(mark-paragraph), or C-M-h (mark-defun) repeatedly, the marked region 461extends each time, so you can mark the next two sexps with M-C-SPC 462M-C-SPC, for example. This feature also works for 463mark-end-of-sentence, if you bind that to a key. It also extends the 464region when the mark is active in Transient Mark mode, regardless of 465the last command. To start a new region with one of marking commands 466in Transient Mark mode, you can deactivate the active region with C-g, 467or set the new mark with C-SPC. 468 469*** Some commands do something special in Transient Mark mode when the 470mark is active--for instance, they limit their operation to the 471region. Even if you don't normally use Transient Mark mode, you might 472want to get this behavior from a particular command. There are two 473ways you can enable Transient Mark mode and activate the mark, for one 474command only. 475 476One method is to type C-SPC C-SPC; this enables Transient Mark mode 477and sets the mark at point. The other method is to type C-u C-x C-x. 478This enables Transient Mark mode temporarily but does not alter the 479mark or the region. 480 481After these commands, Transient Mark mode remains enabled until you 482deactivate the mark. That typically happens when you type a command 483that alters the buffer, but you can also deactivate the mark by typing 484C-g. 485 486*** Movement commands `beginning-of-buffer', `end-of-buffer', 487`beginning-of-defun', `end-of-defun' do not set the mark if the mark 488is already active in Transient Mark mode. 489 490*** M-h (mark-paragraph) now accepts a prefix arg. 491 492With positive arg, M-h marks the current and the following paragraphs; 493if the arg is negative, it marks the current and the preceding 494paragraphs. 495 496** Incremental Search changes: 497 498*** M-% typed in isearch mode invokes `query-replace' or 499`query-replace-regexp' (depending on search mode) with the current 500search string used as the string to replace. 501 502*** C-w in incremental search now grabs either a character or a word, 503making the decision in a heuristic way. This new job is done by the 504command `isearch-yank-word-or-char'. To restore the old behavior, 505bind C-w to `isearch-yank-word' in `isearch-mode-map'. 506 507*** C-y in incremental search now grabs the next line if point is already 508at the end of a line. 509 510*** C-M-w deletes and C-M-y grabs a character in isearch mode. 511Another method to grab a character is to enter the minibuffer by `M-e' 512and to type `C-f' at the end of the search string in the minibuffer. 513 514*** Vertical scrolling is now possible within incremental search. 515To enable this feature, customize the new user option 516`isearch-allow-scroll'. User written commands which satisfy stringent 517constraints can be marked as "scrolling commands". See the Emacs manual 518for details. 519 520*** Isearch no longer adds `isearch-resume' commands to the command 521history by default. To enable this feature, customize the new 522user option `isearch-resume-in-command-history'. 523 524** Replace command changes: 525 526*** When used interactively, the commands `query-replace-regexp' and 527`replace-regexp' allow \,expr to be used in a replacement string, 528where expr is an arbitrary Lisp expression evaluated at replacement 529time. `\#' in a replacement string now refers to the count of 530replacements already made by the replacement command. All regular 531expression replacement commands now allow `\?' in the replacement 532string to specify a position where the replacement string can be 533edited for each replacement. `query-replace-regexp-eval' is now 534deprecated since it offers no additional functionality. 535 536*** query-replace uses isearch lazy highlighting when the new user option 537`query-replace-lazy-highlight' is non-nil. 538 539*** The current match in query-replace is highlighted in new face 540`query-replace' which by default inherits from isearch face. 541 542*** New user option `query-replace-skip-read-only': when non-nil, 543`query-replace' and related functions simply ignore 544a match if part of it has a read-only property. 545 546** Local variables lists: 547 548*** If the local variables list contains any variable-value pairs that 549are not known to be safe, Emacs shows a prompt asking whether to apply 550the local variables list as a whole. In earlier versions, a prompt 551was only issued for variables explicitly marked as risky (for the 552definition of risky variables, see `risky-local-variable-p'). 553 554At the prompt, you can choose to save the contents of this local 555variables list to `safe-local-variable-values'. This new customizable 556option is a list of variable-value pairs that are known to be safe. 557Variables can also be marked as safe with the existing 558`safe-local-variable' property (see `safe-local-variable-p'). 559However, risky variables will not be added to 560`safe-local-variable-values' in this way. 561 562*** The variable `enable-local-variables' controls how local variable 563lists are handled. t, the default, specifies the standard querying 564behavior. :safe means use only safe values, and ignore the rest. 565:all means set all variables, whether or not they are safe. 566nil means ignore them all. Anything else means always query. 567 568*** The variable `safe-local-eval-forms' specifies a list of forms that 569are ok to evaluate when they appear in an `eval' local variables 570specification. Normally Emacs asks for confirmation before evaluating 571such a form, but if the form appears in this list, no confirmation is 572needed. 573 574*** If a function has a non-nil `safe-local-eval-function' property, 575that means it is ok to evaluate some calls to that function when it 576appears in an `eval' local variables specification. If the property 577is t, then any form calling that function with constant arguments is 578ok. If the property is a function or list of functions, they are called 579with the form as argument, and if any returns t, the form is ok to call. 580 581If the form is not "ok to call", that means Emacs asks for 582confirmation as before. 583 584*** In processing a local variables list, Emacs strips the prefix and 585suffix from every line before processing all the lines. 586 587*** Text properties in local variables. 588 589A file local variables list cannot specify a string with text 590properties--any specified text properties are discarded. 591 592** File operation changes: 593 594*** Unquoted `$' in file names do not signal an error any more when 595the corresponding environment variable does not exist. 596Instead, the `$ENVVAR' text is left as is, so that `$$' quoting 597is only rarely needed. 598 599*** C-x C-f RET, typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer a special case. 600 601Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect 602of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the 603directory with Dired. 604 605*** C-x s (save-some-buffers) now offers an option `d' to diff a buffer 606against its file, so you can see what changes you would be saving. 607 608*** Auto Compression mode is now enabled by default. 609 610*** If the user visits a file larger than `large-file-warning-threshold', 611Emacs asks for confirmation. 612 613*** The commands copy-file, rename-file, make-symbolic-link and 614add-name-to-file, when given a directory as the "new name" argument, 615convert it to a file name by merging in the within-directory part of 616the existing file's name. (This is the same convention that shell 617commands cp, mv, and ln follow.) Thus, M-x copy-file RET ~/foo RET 618/tmp RET copies ~/foo to /tmp/foo. 619 620*** require-final-newline now has two new possible values: 621 622`visit' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's needed 623when visiting the file. 624 625`visit-save' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's 626needed when visiting the file, and also add a newline if it's needed 627when saving the file. 628 629*** The new option mode-require-final-newline controls how certain 630major modes enable require-final-newline. Any major mode that's 631designed for a kind of file that should normally end in a newline 632sets require-final-newline based on mode-require-final-newline. 633So you can customize mode-require-final-newline to control what these 634modes do. 635 636*** When you are root, and you visit a file whose modes specify 637read-only, the Emacs buffer is now read-only too. Type C-x C-q if you 638want to make the buffer writable. (As root, you can in fact alter the 639file.) 640 641*** find-file-read-only visits multiple files in read-only mode, 642when the file name contains wildcard characters. 643 644*** find-alternate-file replaces the current file with multiple files, 645when the file name contains wildcard characters. It now asks if you 646wish save your changes and not just offer to kill the buffer. 647 648*** When used interactively, `format-write-file' now asks for confirmation 649before overwriting an existing file, unless a prefix argument is 650supplied. This behavior is analogous to `write-file'. 651 652*** The variable `auto-save-file-name-transforms' now has a third element that 653controls whether or not the function `make-auto-save-file-name' will 654attempt to construct a unique auto-save name (e.g. for remote files). 655 656*** The new option `write-region-inhibit-fsync' disables calls to fsync 657in `write-region'. This can be useful on laptops to avoid spinning up 658the hard drive upon each file save. Enabling this variable may result 659in data loss, use with care. 660 661** Minibuffer changes: 662 663*** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only 664to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point, 665it remains unchanged. 666 667*** The new file-name-shadow-mode is turned ON by default, so that when 668entering a file name, any prefix which Emacs will ignore is dimmed. 669 670*** There's a new face `minibuffer-prompt'. 671Emacs adds this face to the list of text properties stored in the 672variable `minibuffer-prompt-properties', which is used to display the 673prompt string. 674 675*** Enhanced visual feedback in `*Completions*' buffer. 676 677Completions lists use faces to highlight what all completions 678have in common and where they begin to differ. 679 680The common prefix shared by all possible completions uses the face 681`completions-common-part', while the first character that isn't the 682same uses the face `completions-first-difference'. By default, 683`completions-common-part' inherits from `default', and 684`completions-first-difference' inherits from `bold'. The idea of 685`completions-common-part' is that you can use it to make the common 686parts less visible than normal, so that the rest of the differing 687parts is, by contrast, slightly highlighted. 688 689Above fontification is always done when listing completions is 690triggered at minibuffer. If you want to fontify completions whose 691listing is triggered at the other normal buffer, you have to pass 692the common prefix of completions to `display-completion-list' as 693its second argument. 694 695*** File-name completion can now ignore specified directories. 696If an element of the list in `completion-ignored-extensions' ends in a 697slash `/', it indicates a subdirectory that should be ignored when 698completing file names. Elements of `completion-ignored-extensions' 699which do not end in a slash are never considered when a completion 700candidate is a directory. 701 702*** New user option `history-delete-duplicates'. 703If set to t when adding a new history element, all previous identical 704elements are deleted from the history list. 705 706** Redisplay changes: 707 708*** The new face `mode-line-inactive' is used to display the mode line 709of non-selected windows. The `mode-line' face is now used to display 710the mode line of the currently selected window. 711 712The new variable `mode-line-in-non-selected-windows' controls whether 713the `mode-line-inactive' face is used. 714 715*** The mode line position information now comes before the major mode. 716When the file is maintained under version control, that information 717appears between the position information and the major mode. 718 719*** You can now customize the use of window fringes. To control this 720for all frames, use M-x fringe-mode or the Show/Hide submenu of the 721top-level Options menu, or customize the `fringe-mode' variable. To 722control this for a specific frame, use the command M-x 723set-fringe-style. 724 725*** Angle icons in the fringes can indicate the buffer boundaries. In 726addition, up and down arrow bitmaps in the fringe indicate which ways 727the window can be scrolled. 728 729This behavior is activated by setting the buffer-local variable 730`indicate-buffer-boundaries' to a non-nil value. The default value of 731this variable is found in `default-indicate-buffer-boundaries'. 732 733If value is `left' or `right', both angle and arrow bitmaps are 734displayed in the left or right fringe, resp. 735 736The value can also be an alist which specifies the presence and 737position of each bitmap individually. 738 739For example, ((top . left) (t . right)) places the top angle bitmap 740in left fringe, the bottom angle bitmap in right fringe, and both 741arrow bitmaps in right fringe. To show just the angle bitmaps in the 742left fringe, but no arrow bitmaps, use ((top . left) (bottom . left)). 743 744*** On window systems, lines which are exactly as wide as the window 745(not counting the final newline character) are no longer broken into 746two lines on the display (with just the newline on the second line). 747Instead, the newline now "overflows" into the right fringe, and the 748cursor will be displayed in the fringe when positioned on that newline. 749 750The new user option 'overflow-newline-into-fringe' can be set to nil to 751revert to the old behavior of continuing such lines. 752 753*** A window can now have individual fringe and scroll-bar settings, 754in addition to the individual display margin settings. 755 756Such individual settings are now preserved when windows are split 757horizontally or vertically, a saved window configuration is restored, 758or when the frame is resized. 759 760*** When a window has display margin areas, the fringes are now 761displayed between the margins and the buffer's text area, rather than 762outside those margins. 763 764*** New face `escape-glyph' highlights control characters and escape glyphs. 765 766*** Non-breaking space and hyphens are now displayed with a special 767face, either nobreak-space or escape-glyph. You can turn this off or 768specify a different mode by setting the variable `nobreak-char-display'. 769 770*** The parameters of automatic hscrolling can now be customized. 771The variable `hscroll-margin' determines how many columns away from 772the window edge point is allowed to get before automatic hscrolling 773will horizontally scroll the window. The default value is 5. 774 775The variable `hscroll-step' determines how many columns automatic 776hscrolling scrolls the window when point gets too close to the 777window edge. If its value is zero, the default, Emacs scrolls the 778window so as to center point. If its value is an integer, it says how 779many columns to scroll. If the value is a floating-point number, it 780gives the fraction of the window's width to scroll the window. 781 782The variable `automatic-hscrolling' was renamed to 783`auto-hscroll-mode'. The old name is still available as an alias. 784 785*** Moving or scrolling through images (and other lines) taller than 786the window now works sensibly, by automatically adjusting the window's 787vscroll property. 788 789*** Preemptive redisplay now adapts to current load and bandwidth. 790 791To avoid preempting redisplay on fast computers, networks, and displays, 792the arrival of new input is now performed at regular intervals during 793redisplay. The new variable `redisplay-preemption-period' specifies 794the period; the default is to check for input every 0.1 seconds. 795 796*** The %c and %l constructs are now ignored in frame-title-format. 797Due to technical limitations in how Emacs interacts with windowing 798systems, these constructs often failed to render properly, and could 799even cause Emacs to crash. 800 801*** If value of `auto-resize-tool-bars' is `grow-only', the tool bar 802will expand as needed, but not contract automatically. To contract 803the tool bar, you must type C-l. 804 805*** New customize option `overline-margin' controls the space between 806overline and text. 807 808*** New variable `x-underline-at-descent-line' controls the relative 809position of the underline. When set, it overrides the 810`x-use-underline-position-properties' variables. 811 812** New faces: 813 814*** `mode-line-highlight' is the standard face indicating mouse sensitive 815elements on mode-line (and header-line) like `highlight' face on text 816areas. 817 818*** `mode-line-buffer-id' is the standard face for buffer identification 819parts of the mode line. 820 821*** `shadow' face defines the appearance of the "shadowed" text, i.e. 822the text which should be less noticeable than the surrounding text. 823This can be achieved by using shades of grey in contrast with either 824black or white default foreground color. This generic shadow face 825allows customization of the appearance of shadowed text in one place, 826so package-specific faces can inherit from it. 827 828*** `vertical-border' face is used for the vertical divider between windows. 829 830** Font-Lock (syntax highlighting) changes: 831 832*** All modes now support using M-x font-lock-mode to toggle 833fontification, even those such as Occur, Info, and comint-derived 834modes that do their own fontification in a special way. 835 836The variable `Info-fontify' is no longer applicable; to disable 837fontification in Info, remove `turn-on-font-lock' from 838`Info-mode-hook'. 839 840*** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-comment-delimiter-face'. 841 842*** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-preprocessor-face'. 843 844*** Easy to overlook single character negation can now be font-locked. 845You can use the new variable `font-lock-negation-char-face' and the face of 846the same name to customize this. Currently the cc-modes, sh-script-mode, 847cperl-mode and make-mode support this. 848 849*** Font-Lock mode: in major modes such as Lisp mode, where some Emacs 850features assume that an open-paren in column 0 is always outside of 851any string or comment, Font-Lock now highlights any such open-paren in 852bold-red if it is inside a string or a comment, to indicate that it 853can cause trouble. You should rewrite the string or comment so that 854the open-paren is not in column 0. 855 856*** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties; 857M-o M-o requests refontification. 858 859*** The default settings for JIT stealth lock parameters are changed. 860The default value for the user option jit-lock-stealth-time is now nil 861instead of 3. This setting of jit-lock-stealth-time disables stealth 862fontification: on today's machines, it may be a bug in font lock 863patterns if fontification otherwise noticeably degrades interactivity. 864If you find movement in infrequently visited buffers sluggish (and the 865major mode maintainer has no better idea), customizing 866jit-lock-stealth-time to a non-nil value will let Emacs fontify 867buffers in the background when it considers the system to be idle. 868jit-lock-stealth-nice is now 0.5 instead of 0.125 which is supposed to 869cause less load than the old defaults. 870 871*** jit-lock can now be delayed with `jit-lock-defer-time'. 872 873If this variable is non-nil, its value should be the amount of Emacs 874idle time in seconds to wait before starting fontification. For 875example, if you set `jit-lock-defer-time' to 0.25, fontification will 876only happen after 0.25s of idle time. 877 878*** contextual refontification is now separate from stealth fontification. 879 880jit-lock-defer-contextually is renamed jit-lock-contextually and 881jit-lock-context-time determines the delay after which contextual 882refontification takes place. 883 884*** lazy-lock is considered obsolete. 885 886The `lazy-lock' package is superseded by `jit-lock' and is considered 887obsolete. `jit-lock' is activated by default; if you wish to continue 888using `lazy-lock', activate it in your ~/.emacs like this: 889 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode) 890 891If you invoke `lazy-lock-mode' directly rather than through 892`font-lock-support-mode', it now issues a warning: 893 "Use font-lock-support-mode rather than calling lazy-lock-mode" 894 895** Menu support: 896 897*** A menu item "Show/Hide" was added to the top-level menu "Options". 898This menu allows you to turn various display features on and off (such 899as the fringes, the tool bar, the speedbar, and the menu bar itself). 900You can also move the vertical scroll bar to either side here or turn 901it off completely. There is also a menu-item to toggle displaying of 902current date and time, current line and column number in the mode-line. 903 904*** Speedbar has moved from the "Tools" top level menu to "Show/Hide". 905 906*** The menu item "Open File..." has been split into two items, "New File..." 907and "Open File...". "Open File..." now opens only existing files. This is 908to support existing GUI file selection dialogs better. 909 910*** The file selection dialog for Gtk+, Mac, W32 and Motif/LessTif can be 911disabled by customizing the variable `use-file-dialog'. 912 913*** The pop up menus for Lucid now stay up if you do a fast click and can 914be navigated with the arrow keys (like Gtk+, Mac and W32). 915 916*** The menu bar for Motif/LessTif/Lucid/Gtk+ can be navigated with keys. 917Pressing F10 shows the first menu in the menu bar. Navigation is done with 918the arrow keys, select with the return key and cancel with the escape keys. 919 920*** The Lucid menus can display multilingual text in your locale. You have 921to explicitly specify a fontSet resource for this to work, for example 922`-xrm "Emacs*fontSet: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*"'. 923 924*** Dialogs for Lucid/Athena and LessTif/Motif now pop down on pressing 925ESC, like they do for Gtk+, Mac and W32. 926 927*** For the Gtk+ version, you can make Emacs use the old file dialog 928by setting the variable `x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog' to t. Default is to use 929the new dialog. 930 931*** You can exit dialog windows and menus by typing C-g. 932 933** Buffer Menu changes: 934 935*** The new options `buffers-menu-show-directories' and 936`buffers-menu-show-status' let you control how buffers are displayed 937in the menu dropped down when you click "Buffers" from the menu bar. 938 939`buffers-menu-show-directories' controls whether the menu displays 940leading directories as part of the file name visited by the buffer. 941If its value is `unless-uniquify', the default, directories are 942shown unless uniquify-buffer-name-style' is non-nil. The value of nil 943and t turn the display of directories off and on, respectively. 944 945`buffers-menu-show-status' controls whether the Buffers menu includes 946the modified and read-only status of the buffers. By default it is 947t, and the status is shown. 948 949Setting these variables directly does not take effect until next time 950the Buffers menu is regenerated. 951 952*** New command `Buffer-menu-toggle-files-only' toggles display of file 953buffers only in the Buffer Menu. It is bound to T in Buffer Menu 954mode. 955 956*** `buffer-menu' and `list-buffers' now list buffers whose names begin 957with a space, when those buffers are visiting files. Normally buffers 958whose names begin with space are omitted. 959 960** Mouse changes: 961 962*** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link. 963 964Traditionally, Emacs uses a Mouse-1 click to set point and a Mouse-2 965click to follow a link, whereas most other applications use a Mouse-1 966click for both purposes, depending on whether you click outside or 967inside a link. Now the behavior of a Mouse-1 click has been changed 968to match this context-sensitive dual behavior. (If you prefer the old 969behavior, set the user option `mouse-1-click-follows-link' to nil.) 970 971Depending on the current mode, a Mouse-2 click in Emacs can do much 972more than just follow a link, so the new Mouse-1 behavior is only 973activated for modes which explicitly mark a clickable text as a "link" 974(see the new function `mouse-on-link-p' for details). The Lisp 975packages that are included in release 22.1 have been adapted to do 976this, but external packages may not yet support this. However, there 977is no risk in using such packages, as the worst thing that could 978happen is that you get the original Mouse-1 behavior when you click 979on a link, which typically means that you set point where you click. 980 981If you want to get the original Mouse-1 action also inside a link, you 982just need to press the Mouse-1 button a little longer than a normal 983click (i.e. press and hold the Mouse-1 button for half a second before 984you release it). 985 986Dragging the Mouse-1 inside a link still performs the original 987drag-mouse-1 action, typically copy the text. 988 989You can customize the new Mouse-1 behavior via the new user options 990`mouse-1-click-follows-link' and `mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows'. 991 992*** If you set the new variable `mouse-autoselect-window' to a non-nil 993value, windows are automatically selected as you move the mouse from 994one Emacs window to another, even within a frame. A minibuffer window 995can be selected only when it is active. 996 997*** On X, when the window manager requires that you click on a frame to 998select it (give it focus), the selected window and cursor position 999normally changes according to the mouse click position. If you set 1000the variable x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position to t, the selected 1001window and cursor position do not change when you click on a frame 1002to give it focus. 1003 1004*** Emacs normally highlights mouse sensitive text whenever the mouse 1005is over the text. By setting the new variable `mouse-highlight', you 1006can optionally enable mouse highlighting only after you move the 1007mouse, so that highlighting disappears when you press a key. You can 1008also disable mouse highlighting. 1009 1010*** You can now customize if selecting a region by dragging the mouse 1011shall not copy the selected text to the kill-ring by setting the new 1012variable mouse-drag-copy-region to nil. 1013 1014*** Under X, mouse-wheel-mode is turned on by default. 1015 1016*** Emacs ignores mouse-2 clicks while the mouse wheel is being moved. 1017 1018People tend to push the mouse wheel (which counts as a mouse-2 click) 1019unintentionally while turning the wheel, so these clicks are now 1020ignored. You can customize this with the mouse-wheel-click-event and 1021mouse-wheel-inhibit-click-time variables. 1022 1023*** mouse-wheels can now scroll a specific fraction of the window 1024(rather than a fixed number of lines) and the scrolling is `progressive'. 1025 1026** Multilingual Environment (Mule) changes: 1027 1028*** You can disable character translation for a file using the -*- 1029construct. Include `enable-character-translation: nil' inside the 1030-*-...-*- to disable any character translation that may happen by 1031various global and per-coding-system translation tables. You can also 1032specify it in a local variable list at the end of the file. For 1033shortcut, instead of using this long variable name, you can append the 1034character "!" at the end of coding-system name specified in -*- 1035construct or in a local variable list. For example, if a file has the 1036following header, it is decoded by the coding system `iso-latin-1' 1037without any character translation: 1038;; -*- coding: iso-latin-1!; -*- 1039 1040*** Language environment and various default coding systems are setup 1041more correctly according to the current locale name. If the locale 1042name doesn't specify a charset, the default is what glibc defines. 1043This change can result in using the different coding systems as 1044default in some locale (e.g. vi_VN). 1045 1046*** The keyboard-coding-system is now automatically set based on your 1047current locale settings if you are not using a window system. This 1048can mean that the META key doesn't work but generates non-ASCII 1049characters instead, depending on how the terminal (or terminal 1050emulator) works. Use `set-keyboard-coding-system' (or customize 1051keyboard-coding-system) if you prefer META to work (the old default) 1052or if the locale doesn't describe the character set actually generated 1053by the keyboard. See Info node `Unibyte Mode'. 1054 1055*** The new command `set-file-name-coding-system' (C-x RET F) sets 1056coding system for encoding and decoding file names. A new menu item 1057(Options->Mule->Set Coding Systems->For File Name) invokes this 1058command. 1059 1060*** The new command `revert-buffer-with-coding-system' (C-x RET r) 1061revisits the current file using a coding system that you specify. 1062 1063*** New command `recode-region' decodes the region again by a specified 1064coding system. 1065 1066*** The new command `recode-file-name' changes the encoding of the name 1067of a file. 1068 1069*** New command `ucs-insert' inserts a character specified by its 1070unicode. 1071 1072*** New command quail-show-key shows what key (or key sequence) to type 1073in the current input method to input a character at point. 1074 1075*** Limited support for character `unification' has been added. 1076Emacs now knows how to translate between different representations of 1077the same characters in various Emacs charsets according to standard 1078Unicode mappings. This applies mainly to characters in the ISO 8859 1079sets plus some other 8-bit sets, but can be extended. For instance, 1080translation works amongst the Emacs ...-iso8859-... charsets and the 1081mule-unicode-... ones. 1082 1083By default this translation happens automatically on encoding. 1084Self-inserting characters are translated to make the input conformant 1085with the encoding of the buffer in which it's being used, where 1086possible. 1087 1088You can force a more complete unification with the user option 1089unify-8859-on-decoding-mode. That maps all the Latin-N character sets 1090into Unicode characters (from the latin-iso8859-1 and 1091mule-unicode-0100-24ff charsets) on decoding. Note that this mode 1092will often effectively clobber data with an iso-2022 encoding. 1093 1094*** New language environments (set up automatically according to the 1095locale): Belarusian, Bulgarian, Chinese-EUC-TW, Croatian, Esperanto, 1096French, Georgian, Italian, Latin-7, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malayalam, 1097Russian, Russian, Slovenian, Swedish, Tajik, Tamil, UTF-8,Ukrainian, 1098Welsh,Latin-6, Windows-1255. 1099 1100*** New input methods: latin-alt-postfix, latin-postfix, latin-prefix, 1101belarusian, bulgarian-bds, bulgarian-phonetic, chinese-sisheng (for 1102Chinese Pinyin characters), croatian, dutch, georgian, latvian-keyboard, 1103lithuanian-numeric, lithuanian-keyboard, malayalam-inscript, rfc1345, 1104russian-computer, sgml, slovenian, tamil-inscript, ukrainian-computer, 1105ucs, vietnamese-telex, welsh. 1106 1107*** There is support for decoding Greek and Cyrillic characters into 1108either Unicode (the mule-unicode charsets) or the iso-8859 charsets, 1109when possible. The latter are more space-efficient. 1110 This is controlled by user option utf-fragment-on-decoding. 1111 1112*** Improved Thai support. A new minor mode `thai-word-mode' (which is 1113automatically activated if you select Thai as a language 1114environment) changes key bindings of most word-oriented commands to 1115versions which recognize Thai words. Affected commands are 1116 M-f (forward-word) 1117 M-b (backward-word) 1118 M-d (kill-word) 1119 M-DEL (backward-kill-word) 1120 M-t (transpose-words) 1121 M-q (fill-paragraph) 1122 1123*** Indian support has been updated. 1124The in-is13194 coding system is now Unicode-based. CDAC fonts are 1125assumed. There is a framework for supporting various Indian scripts, 1126but currently only Devanagari, Malayalam and Tamil are supported. 1127 1128*** The utf-8/16 coding systems have been enhanced. 1129By default, untranslatable utf-8 sequences are simply composed into 1130single quasi-characters. User option `utf-translate-cjk-mode' (it is 1131turned on by default) arranges to translate many utf-8 CJK character 1132sequences into real Emacs characters in a similar way to the Mule-UCS 1133system. As this loads a fairly big data on demand, people who are not 1134interested in CJK characters may want to customize it to nil. 1135You can augment/amend the CJK translation via hash tables 1136`ucs-mule-cjk-to-unicode' and `ucs-unicode-to-mule-cjk'. The utf-8 1137coding system now also encodes characters from most of Emacs's 1138one-dimensional internal charsets, specifically the ISO-8859 ones. 1139The utf-16 coding system is affected similarly. 1140 1141*** A UTF-7 coding system is available in the library `utf-7'. 1142 1143*** A new coding system `euc-tw' has been added for traditional Chinese 1144in CNS encoding; it accepts both Big 5 and CNS as input; on saving, 1145Big 5 is then converted to CNS. 1146 1147*** Many new coding systems are available in the `code-pages' library. 1148These include complete versions of most of those in codepage.el, based 1149on Unicode mappings. `codepage-setup' is now obsolete and is used 1150only in the MS-DOS port of Emacs. All coding systems defined in 1151`code-pages' are auto-loaded. 1152 1153*** New variable `utf-translate-cjk-unicode-range' controls which 1154Unicode characters to translate in `utf-translate-cjk-mode'. 1155 1156*** iso-10646-1 (`Unicode') fonts can be used to display any range of 1157characters encodable by the utf-8 coding system. Just specify the 1158fontset appropriately. 1159 1160** Customize changes: 1161 1162*** Custom themes are collections of customize options. Create a 1163custom theme with M-x customize-create-theme. Use M-x load-theme to 1164load and enable a theme, and M-x disable-theme to disable it. Use M-x 1165enable-theme to enable a disabled theme. 1166 1167*** The commands M-x customize-face and M-x customize-face-other-window 1168now look at the character after point. If a face or faces are 1169specified for that character, the commands by default customize those 1170faces. 1171 1172*** The face-customization widget has been reworked to be less confusing. 1173In particular, when you enable a face attribute using the corresponding 1174check-box, there's no longer a redundant `*' option in value selection 1175for that attribute; the values you can choose are only those which make 1176sense for the attribute. When an attribute is de-selected by unchecking 1177its check-box, then the (now ignored, but still present temporarily in 1178case you re-select the attribute) value is hidden. 1179 1180*** When you set or reset a variable's value in a Customize buffer, 1181the previous value becomes the "backup value" of the variable. 1182You can go back to that backup value by selecting "Use Backup Value" 1183under the "[State]" button. 1184 1185** Dired mode: 1186 1187*** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now 1188control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded 1189by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards 1190too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the 1191double quotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent 1192special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'. 1193 1194*** The Dired command `dired-goto-file' is now bound to j, not M-g. 1195This is to avoid hiding the global key binding of M-g. 1196 1197*** New faces dired-header, dired-mark, dired-marked, dired-flagged, 1198dired-ignored, dired-directory, dired-symlink, dired-warning 1199introduced for Dired mode instead of font-lock faces. 1200 1201*** New Dired command `dired-compare-directories' marks files 1202with different file attributes in two dired buffers. 1203 1204*** New Dired command `dired-do-touch' (bound to T) changes timestamps 1205of marked files with the value entered in the minibuffer. 1206 1207*** In Dired, the w command now stores the current line's file name 1208into the kill ring. With a zero prefix arg, it stores the absolute file name. 1209 1210*** In Dired-x, Omitting files is now a minor mode, dired-omit-mode. 1211 1212The mode toggling command is bound to M-o. A new command 1213dired-mark-omitted, bound to * O, marks omitted files. The variable 1214dired-omit-files-p is obsoleted, use the mode toggling function 1215instead. 1216 1217*** The variables dired-free-space-program and dired-free-space-args 1218have been renamed to directory-free-space-program and 1219directory-free-space-args, and they now apply whenever Emacs puts a 1220directory listing into a buffer. 1221 1222** Comint changes: 1223 1224*** The new INSIDE_EMACS environment variable is set to "t" in subshells 1225running inside Emacs. This supersedes the EMACS environment variable, 1226which will be removed in a future Emacs release. Programs that need 1227to know whether they are started inside Emacs should check INSIDE_EMACS 1228instead of EMACS. 1229 1230*** The comint prompt can now be made read-only, using the new user 1231option `comint-prompt-read-only'. This is not enabled by default, 1232except in IELM buffers. The read-only status of IELM prompts can be 1233controlled with the new user option `ielm-prompt-read-only', which 1234overrides `comint-prompt-read-only'. 1235 1236The new commands `comint-kill-whole-line' and `comint-kill-region' 1237support editing comint buffers with read-only prompts. 1238 1239`comint-kill-whole-line' is like `kill-whole-line', but ignores both 1240read-only and field properties. Hence, it always kill entire 1241lines, including any prompts. 1242 1243`comint-kill-region' is like `kill-region', except that it ignores 1244read-only properties, if it is safe to do so. This means that if any 1245part of a prompt is deleted, then the entire prompt must be deleted 1246and that all prompts must stay at the beginning of a line. If this is 1247not the case, then `comint-kill-region' behaves just like 1248`kill-region' if read-only properties are involved: it copies the text 1249to the kill-ring, but does not delete it. 1250 1251*** The new command `comint-insert-previous-argument' in comint-derived 1252modes (shell-mode, etc.) inserts arguments from previous command lines, 1253like bash's `ESC .' binding. It is bound by default to `C-c .', but 1254otherwise behaves quite similarly to the bash version. 1255 1256*** `comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields' has been renamed 1257`comint-use-prompt-regexp'. The old name has been kept as an alias, 1258but declared obsolete. 1259 1260** M-x Compile changes: 1261 1262*** M-x compile has become more robust and reliable 1263 1264Quite a few more kinds of messages are recognized. Messages that are 1265recognized as warnings or informational come in orange or green, instead of 1266red. Informational messages are by default skipped with `next-error' 1267(controlled by `compilation-skip-threshold'). 1268 1269Location data is collected on the fly as the *compilation* buffer changes. 1270This means you could modify messages to make them point to different files. 1271This also means you can not go to locations of messages you may have deleted. 1272 1273The variable `compilation-error-regexp-alist' has now become customizable. If 1274you had added your own regexps to this, you'll probably need to include a 1275leading `^', otherwise they'll match anywhere on a line. There is now also a 1276`compilation-mode-font-lock-keywords' and it nicely handles all the checks 1277that configure outputs and -o options so you see at a glance where you are. 1278 1279The new file etc/compilation.txt gives examples of each type of message. 1280 1281*** New user option `compilation-environment'. 1282This option allows you to specify environment variables for inferior 1283compilation processes without affecting the environment that all 1284subprocesses inherit. 1285 1286*** New user option `compilation-disable-input'. 1287If this is non-nil, send end-of-file as compilation process input. 1288 1289*** New options `next-error-highlight' and `next-error-highlight-no-select' 1290specify the method of highlighting of the corresponding source line 1291in new face `next-error'. 1292 1293*** A new minor mode `next-error-follow-minor-mode' can be used in 1294compilation-mode, grep-mode, occur-mode, and diff-mode (i.e. all the 1295modes that can use `next-error'). In this mode, cursor motion in the 1296buffer causes automatic display in another window of the corresponding 1297matches, compilation errors, etc. This minor mode can be toggled with 1298C-c C-f. 1299 1300*** When the left fringe is displayed, an arrow points to current message in 1301the compilation buffer. 1302 1303*** The new variable `compilation-context-lines' controls lines of leading 1304context before the current message. If nil and the left fringe is displayed, 1305it doesn't scroll the compilation output window. If there is no left fringe, 1306no arrow is displayed and a value of nil means display the message at the top 1307of the window. 1308 1309** Occur mode changes: 1310 1311*** The new command `multi-occur' is just like `occur', except it can 1312search multiple buffers. There is also a new command 1313`multi-occur-in-matching-buffers' which allows you to specify the 1314buffers to search by their filenames or buffer names. Internally, 1315Occur mode has been rewritten, and now uses font-lock, among other 1316changes. 1317 1318*** You can now use next-error (C-x `) and previous-error to advance to 1319the next/previous matching line found by M-x occur. 1320 1321*** In the *Occur* buffer, `o' switches to it in another window, and 1322C-o displays the current line's occurrence in another window without 1323switching to it. 1324 1325** Grep changes: 1326 1327*** Grep has been decoupled from compilation mode setup. 1328 1329There's a new separate package grep.el, with its own submenu and 1330customization group. 1331 1332*** `grep-find' is now also available under the name `find-grep' where 1333people knowing `find-grep-dired' would probably expect it. 1334 1335*** New commands `lgrep' (local grep) and `rgrep' (recursive grep) are 1336more user-friendly versions of `grep' and `grep-find', which prompt 1337separately for the regular expression to match, the files to search, 1338and the base directory for the search. Case sensitivity of the 1339search is controlled by the current value of `case-fold-search'. 1340 1341These commands build the shell commands based on the new variables 1342`grep-template' (lgrep) and `grep-find-template' (rgrep). 1343 1344The files to search can use aliases defined in `grep-files-aliases'. 1345 1346Subdirectories listed in `grep-find-ignored-directories' such as those 1347typically used by various version control systems, like CVS and arch, 1348are automatically skipped by `rgrep'. 1349 1350*** The grep commands provide highlighting support. 1351 1352Hits are fontified in green, and hits in binary files in orange. Grep buffers 1353can be saved and automatically revisited. 1354 1355*** New option `grep-highlight-matches' highlights matches in *grep* 1356buffer. It uses a special feature of some grep programs which accept 1357--color option to output markers around matches. When going to the next 1358match with `next-error' the exact match is highlighted in the source 1359buffer. Otherwise, if `grep-highlight-matches' is nil, the whole 1360source line is highlighted. 1361 1362*** New key bindings in grep output window: 1363SPC and DEL scrolls window up and down. C-n and C-p moves to next and 1364previous match in the grep window. RET jumps to the source line of 1365the current match. `n' and `p' shows next and previous match in 1366other window, but does not switch buffer. `{' and `}' jumps to the 1367previous or next file in the grep output. TAB also jumps to the next 1368file. 1369 1370*** M-x grep now tries to avoid appending `/dev/null' to the command line 1371by using GNU grep `-H' option instead. M-x grep automatically 1372detects whether this is possible or not the first time it is invoked. 1373When `-H' is used, the grep command line supplied by the user is passed 1374unchanged to the system to execute, which allows more complicated 1375command lines to be used than was possible before. 1376 1377*** The new variables `grep-window-height' and `grep-scroll-output' override 1378the corresponding compilation mode settings, for grep commands only. 1379 1380** Cursor display changes: 1381 1382*** Emacs can produce an underscore-like (horizontal bar) cursor. 1383The underscore cursor is set by putting `(cursor-type . hbar)' in 1384default-frame-alist. It supports variable heights, like the `bar' 1385cursor does. 1386 1387*** The variable `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' can now be set to any 1388of the recognized cursor types. 1389 1390*** Display of hollow cursors now obeys the buffer-local value (if any) 1391of `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' in the buffer that the cursor 1392appears in. 1393 1394*** On text terminals, the variable `visible-cursor' controls whether Emacs 1395uses the "very visible" cursor (the default) or the normal cursor. 1396 1397*** The X resource cursorBlink can be used to turn off cursor blinking. 1398 1399*** On X, MS Windows, and Mac OS, the blinking cursor's "off" state is 1400now controlled by the variable `blink-cursor-alist'. 1401 1402** X Windows Support: 1403 1404*** Emacs now supports drag and drop for X. Dropping a file on a window 1405opens it, dropping text inserts the text. Dropping a file on a dired 1406buffer copies or moves the file to that directory. 1407 1408*** Under X11, it is possible to swap Alt and Meta (and Super and Hyper). 1409The new variables `x-alt-keysym', `x-hyper-keysym', `x-meta-keysym', 1410and `x-super-keysym' can be used to choose which keysyms Emacs should 1411use for the modifiers. For example, the following two lines swap 1412Meta and Alt: 1413 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta) 1414 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt) 1415 1416*** The X resource useXIM can be used to turn off use of XIM, which can 1417speed up Emacs with slow networking to the X server. 1418 1419If the configure option `--without-xim' was used to turn off use of 1420XIM by default, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn it on. 1421 1422*** The new variable `x-select-request-type' controls how Emacs 1423requests X selection. The default value is nil, which means that 1424Emacs requests X selection with types COMPOUND_TEXT and UTF8_STRING, 1425and use the more appropriately result. 1426 1427*** The scrollbar under LessTif or Motif has a smoother drag-scrolling. 1428On the other hand, the size of the thumb does not represent the actual 1429amount of text shown any more (only a crude approximation of it). 1430 1431** Xterm support: 1432 1433*** If you enable Xterm Mouse mode, Emacs will respond to mouse clicks 1434on the mode line, header line and display margin, when run in an xterm. 1435 1436*** Improved key bindings support when running in an xterm. 1437When Emacs is running in an xterm more key bindings are available. 1438The following should work: 1439{C,S,C-S,A}-{right,left,up,down,prior,next,delete,insert,F1-12}. 1440These key bindings work on xterm from X.org 6.8 (and later versions), 1441they might not work on some older versions of xterm, or on some 1442proprietary versions. 1443The various keys generated by xterm when the "modifyOtherKeys" 1444resource is set are also supported. 1445 1446** Character terminal color support changes: 1447 1448*** The new command-line option --color=MODE lets you specify a standard 1449mode for a tty color support. It is meant to be used on character 1450terminals whose capabilities are not set correctly in the terminal 1451database, or with terminal emulators which support colors, but don't 1452set the TERM environment variable to a name of a color-capable 1453terminal. "emacs --color" uses the same color commands as GNU `ls' 1454when invoked with "ls --color", so if your terminal can support colors 1455in "ls --color", it will support "emacs --color" as well. See the 1456user manual for the possible values of the MODE parameter. 1457 1458*** Emacs now supports several character terminals which provide more 1459than 8 colors. For example, for `xterm', 16-color, 88-color, and 1460256-color modes are supported. Emacs automatically notes at startup 1461the extended number of colors, and defines the appropriate entries for 1462all of these colors. 1463 1464*** Emacs now uses the full range of available colors for the default 1465faces when running on a color terminal, including 16-, 88-, and 1466256-color xterms. This means that when you run "emacs -nw" on an 146788-color or 256-color xterm, you will see essentially the same face 1468colors as on X. 1469 1470*** There's a new support for colors on `rxvt' terminal emulator. 1471 1472** ebnf2ps changes: 1473 1474*** New option `ebnf-arrow-extra-width' which specify extra width for arrow 1475shape drawing. 1476The extra width is used to avoid that the arrowhead and the terminal border 1477overlap. It depends on `ebnf-arrow-shape' and `ebnf-line-width'. 1478 1479*** New option `ebnf-arrow-scale' which specify the arrow scale. 1480Values lower than 1.0, shrink the arrow. 1481Values greater than 1.0, expand the arrow. 1482 1483* New Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1 1484 1485** CUA mode is now part of the Emacs distribution. 1486 1487The new cua package provides CUA-like keybindings using C-x for 1488cut (kill), C-c for copy, C-v for paste (yank), and C-z for undo. 1489With cua, the region can be set and extended using shifted movement 1490keys (like pc-selection-mode) and typed text replaces the active 1491region (like delete-selection-mode). Do not enable these modes with 1492cua-mode. Customize the variable `cua-mode' to enable cua. 1493 1494The cua-selection-mode enables the CUA keybindings for the region but 1495does not change the bindings for C-z/C-x/C-c/C-v. It can be used as a 1496replacement for pc-selection-mode. 1497 1498In addition, cua provides unified rectangle support with visible 1499rectangle highlighting: Use C-return to start a rectangle, extend it 1500using the movement commands (or mouse-3), and cut or copy it using C-x 1501or C-c (using C-w and M-w also works). 1502 1503Use M-o and M-c to `open' or `close' the rectangle, use M-b or M-f, to 1504fill it with blanks or another character, use M-u or M-l to upcase or 1505downcase the rectangle, use M-i to increment the numbers in the 1506rectangle, use M-n to fill the rectangle with a numeric sequence (such 1507as 10 20 30...), use M-r to replace a regexp in the rectangle, and use 1508M-' or M-/ to restrict command on the rectangle to a subset of the 1509rows. See the commentary in cua-base.el for more rectangle commands. 1510 1511Cua also provides unified support for registers: Use a numeric 1512prefix argument between 0 and 9, i.e. M-0 .. M-9, for C-x, C-c, and 1513C-v to cut or copy into register 0-9, or paste from register 0-9. 1514 1515The last text deleted (not killed) is automatically stored in 1516register 0. This includes text deleted by typing text. 1517 1518Finally, cua provides a global mark which is set using S-C-space. 1519When the global mark is active, any text which is cut or copied is 1520automatically inserted at the global mark position. See the 1521commentary in cua-base.el for more global mark related commands. 1522 1523The features of cua also works with the standard Emacs bindings for 1524kill, copy, yank, and undo. If you want to use cua mode, but don't 1525want the C-x, C-c, C-v, and C-z bindings, you can customize the 1526`cua-enable-cua-keys' variable. 1527 1528Note: This version of cua mode is not backwards compatible with older 1529versions of cua.el and cua-mode.el. To ensure proper operation, you 1530must remove older versions of cua.el or cua-mode.el as well as the 1531loading and customization of those packages from the .emacs file. 1532 1533** Tramp is now part of the distribution. 1534 1535This package is similar to Ange-FTP: it allows you to edit remote 1536files. But whereas Ange-FTP uses FTP to access the remote host, 1537Tramp uses a shell connection. The shell connection is always used 1538for filename completion and directory listings and suchlike, but for 1539the actual file transfer, you can choose between the so-called 1540`inline' methods (which transfer the files through the shell 1541connection using base64 or uu encoding) and the `out-of-band' methods 1542(which invoke an external copying program such as `rcp' or `scp' or 1543`rsync' to do the copying). 1544 1545Shell connections can be acquired via `rsh', `ssh', `telnet' and also 1546`su' and `sudo'. Ange-FTP is still supported via the `ftp' method. 1547 1548If you want to disable Tramp you should set 1549 1550 (setq tramp-default-method "ftp") 1551 1552Removing Tramp, and re-enabling Ange-FTP, can be achieved by M-x 1553tramp-unload-tramp. 1554 1555** The image-dired.el package allows you to easily view, tag and in 1556other ways manipulate image files and their thumbnails, using dired as 1557the main interface. Image-Dired provides functionality to generate 1558simple image galleries. 1559 1560** Image files are normally visited in Image mode, which lets you toggle 1561between viewing the image and viewing the text using C-c C-c. 1562 1563** The new python.el package is used to edit Python and Jython programs. 1564 1565** The URL package (which had been part of W3) is now part of Emacs. 1566 1567** Calc is now part of the Emacs distribution. 1568 1569Calc is an advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool written in 1570Emacs Lisp. The prefix for Calc has been changed to `C-x *' and Calc 1571can be started with `C-x * *'. The Calc manual is separate from the 1572Emacs manual; within Emacs, type "C-h i m calc RET" to read the 1573manual. A reference card is available in `etc/calccard.tex' and 1574`etc/calccard.ps'. 1575 1576** Org mode is now part of the Emacs distribution 1577 1578Org mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and 1579doing project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system. 1580It also contains a plain-text table editor with spreadsheet-like 1581capabilities. 1582 1583The Org mode table editor can be integrated into any major mode by 1584activating the minor Orgtbl-mode. 1585 1586The documentation for org-mode is in a separate manual; within Emacs, 1587type "C-h i m org RET" to read that manual. A reference card is 1588available in `etc/orgcard.tex' and `etc/orgcard.ps'. 1589 1590** ERC is now part of the Emacs distribution. 1591 1592ERC is a powerful, modular, and extensible IRC client for Emacs. 1593 1594To see what modules are available, type 1595M-x customize-option erc-modules RET. 1596 1597To start an IRC session with ERC, type M-x erc, and follow the prompts 1598for server, port, and nick. 1599 1600** Rcirc is now part of the Emacs distribution. 1601 1602Rcirc is an Internet relay chat (IRC) client. It supports 1603simultaneous connections to multiple IRC servers. Each discussion 1604takes place in its own buffer. For each connection you can join 1605several channels (many-to-many) and participate in private 1606(one-to-one) chats. Both channel and private chats are contained in 1607separate buffers. 1608 1609To start an IRC session using the default parameters, type M-x irc. 1610If you type C-u M-x irc, it prompts you for the server, nick, port and 1611startup channel parameters before connecting. 1612 1613** The new package ibuffer provides a powerful, completely 1614customizable replacement for buff-menu.el. 1615 1616** Newsticker is now part of the Emacs distribution. 1617 1618Newsticker asynchronously retrieves headlines (RSS) from a list of news 1619sites, prepares these headlines for reading, and allows for loading the 1620corresponding articles in a web browser. Its documentation is in a 1621separate manual. 1622 1623** The wdired.el package allows you to use normal editing commands on Dired 1624buffers to change filenames, permissions, etc... 1625 1626** Ido mode is now part of the Emacs distribution. 1627 1628The ido (interactively do) package is an extension of the iswitchb 1629package to do interactive opening of files and directories in addition 1630to interactive buffer switching. Ido is a superset of iswitchb (with 1631a few exceptions), so don't enable both packages. 1632 1633** The new global minor mode `file-name-shadow-mode' modifies the way 1634filenames being entered by the user in the minibuffer are displayed, so 1635that it's clear when part of the entered filename will be ignored due to 1636Emacs' filename parsing rules. The ignored portion can be made dim, 1637invisible, or otherwise less visually noticeable. The display method can 1638be displayed by customizing the variable `file-name-shadow-properties'. 1639 1640** Emacs' keyboard macro facilities have been enhanced by the new 1641kmacro package. 1642 1643Keyboard macros are now defined and executed via the F3 and F4 keys: 1644F3 starts a macro, F4 ends the macro, and pressing F4 again executes 1645the last macro. While defining the macro, F3 inserts a counter value 1646which automatically increments every time the macro is executed. 1647 1648There is now a keyboard macro ring which stores the most recently 1649defined macros. 1650 1651The C-x C-k sequence is now a prefix for the kmacro keymap which 1652defines bindings for moving through the keyboard macro ring, 1653C-x C-k C-p and C-x C-k C-n, editing the last macro C-x C-k C-e, 1654manipulating the macro counter and format via C-x C-k C-c, 1655C-x C-k C-a, and C-x C-k C-f. See the commentary in kmacro.el 1656for more commands. 1657 1658The original macro bindings C-x (, C-x ), and C-x e are still 1659available, but they now interface to the keyboard macro ring too. 1660 1661The C-x e command now automatically terminates the current macro 1662before calling it, if used while defining a macro. 1663 1664In addition, when ending or calling a macro with C-x e, the macro can 1665be repeated immediately by typing just the `e'. You can customize 1666this behavior via the variables kmacro-call-repeat-key and 1667kmacro-call-repeat-with-arg. 1668 1669Keyboard macros can now be debugged and edited interactively. 1670C-x C-k SPC steps through the last keyboard macro one key sequence 1671at a time, prompting for the actions to take. 1672 1673** The new keypad setup package provides several common bindings for 1674the numeric keypad which is available on most keyboards. The numeric 1675keypad typically has the digits 0 to 9, a decimal point, keys marked 1676+, -, /, and *, an Enter key, and a NumLock toggle key. The keypad 1677package only controls the use of the digit and decimal keys. 1678 1679By customizing the variables `keypad-setup', `keypad-shifted-setup', 1680`keypad-numlock-setup', and `keypad-numlock-shifted-setup', or by 1681using the function `keypad-setup', you can rebind all digit keys and 1682the decimal key of the keypad in one step for each of the four 1683possible combinations of the Shift key state (not pressed/pressed) and 1684the NumLock toggle state (off/on). 1685 1686The choices for the keypad keys in each of the above states are: 1687`Plain numeric keypad' where the keys generates plain digits, 1688`Numeric keypad with decimal key' where the character produced by the 1689decimal key can be customized individually (for internationalization), 1690`Numeric Prefix Arg' where the keypad keys produce numeric prefix args 1691for Emacs editing commands, `Cursor keys' and `Shifted Cursor keys' 1692where the keys work like (shifted) arrow keys, home/end, etc., and 1693`Unspecified/User-defined' where the keypad keys (kp-0, kp-1, etc.) 1694are left unspecified and can be bound individually through the global 1695or local keymaps. 1696 1697** The printing package is now part of the Emacs distribution. 1698 1699If you enable the printing package by including (require 'printing) in 1700the .emacs file, the normal Print item on the File menu is replaced 1701with a Print sub-menu which allows you to preview output through 1702ghostview, use ghostscript to print (if you don't have a PostScript 1703printer) or send directly to printer a PostScript code generated by 1704`ps-print' package. Use M-x pr-help for more information. 1705 1706** The new package longlines.el provides a minor mode for editing text 1707files composed of long lines, based on the `use-hard-newlines' 1708mechanism. The long lines are broken up by inserting soft newlines, 1709which are automatically removed when saving the file to disk or 1710copying into the kill ring, clipboard, etc. By default, Longlines 1711mode inserts soft newlines automatically during editing, a behavior 1712referred to as "soft word wrap" in other text editors. This is 1713similar to Refill mode, but more reliable. To turn the word wrap 1714feature off, set `longlines-auto-wrap' to nil. 1715 1716** SES mode (ses-mode) is a new major mode for creating and editing 1717spreadsheet files. Besides the usual Emacs features (intuitive command 1718letters, undo, cell formulas in Lisp, plaintext files, etc.) it also offers 1719viral immunity and import/export of tab-separated values. 1720 1721** The new package table.el implements editable, WYSIWYG, embedded 1722`text tables' in Emacs buffers. It simulates the effect of putting 1723these tables in a special major mode. The package emulates WYSIWYG 1724table editing available in modern word processors. The package also 1725can generate a table source in typesetting and markup languages such 1726as latex and html from the visually laid out text table. 1727 1728** Filesets are collections of files. You can define a fileset in 1729various ways, such as based on a directory tree or based on 1730program files that include other program files. 1731 1732Once you have defined a fileset, you can perform various operations on 1733all the files in it, such as visiting them or searching and replacing 1734in them. 1735 1736** The minor mode Reveal mode makes text visible on the fly as you 1737move your cursor into hidden regions of the buffer. 1738It should work with any package that uses overlays to hide parts 1739of a buffer, such as outline-minor-mode, hs-minor-mode, hide-ifdef-mode, ... 1740 1741There is also Global Reveal mode which affects all buffers. 1742 1743** New minor mode, Visible mode, toggles invisibility in the current buffer. 1744When enabled, it makes all invisible text visible. When disabled, it 1745restores the previous value of `buffer-invisibility-spec'. 1746 1747** The new package flymake.el does on-the-fly syntax checking of program 1748source files. See the Flymake's Info manual for more details. 1749 1750** savehist saves minibuffer histories between sessions. 1751To use this feature, turn on savehist-mode in your `.emacs' file. 1752 1753** The ruler-mode.el library provides a minor mode for displaying an 1754"active" ruler in the header line. You can use the mouse to visually 1755change the `fill-column', `window-margins' and `tab-stop-list' 1756settings. 1757 1758** The file t-mouse.el is now part of Emacs and provides access to mouse 1759events from the console. It still requires gpm to work but has been updated 1760for Emacs 22. In particular, the mode-line is now position sensitive. 1761 1762** The new package scroll-lock.el provides the Scroll Lock minor mode 1763for pager-like scrolling. Keys which normally move point by line or 1764paragraph will scroll the buffer by the respective amount of lines 1765instead and point will be kept vertically fixed relative to window 1766boundaries during scrolling. 1767 1768** The new global minor mode `size-indication-mode' (off by default) 1769shows the size of accessible part of the buffer on the mode line. 1770 1771** The new package conf-mode.el handles thousands of configuration files, with 1772varying syntaxes for comments (;, #, //, /* */ or !), assignment (var = value, 1773var : value, var value or keyword var value) and sections ([section] or 1774section { }). Many files under /etc/, or with suffixes like .cf through 1775.config, .properties (Java), .desktop (KDE/Gnome), .ini and many others are 1776recognized. 1777 1778** GDB-Script-mode is used for files like .gdbinit. 1779 1780** The new package dns-mode.el adds syntax highlighting of DNS master files. 1781It is a modern replacement for zone-mode.el, which is now obsolete. 1782 1783** `cfengine-mode' is a major mode for editing GNU Cfengine 1784configuration files. 1785 1786** The TCL package tcl-mode.el was replaced by tcl.el. 1787This was actually done in Emacs-21.1, and was not documented. 1788 1789* Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1: 1790 1791** Changes in Dired 1792 1793*** Bindings for Image-Dired added. 1794Several new keybindings, all starting with the C-t prefix, have been 1795added to Dired. They are all bound to commands in Image-Dired. As a 1796starting point, mark some image files in a dired buffer and do C-t d 1797to display thumbnails of them in a separate buffer. 1798 1799** Info mode changes 1800 1801*** Images in Info pages are supported. 1802 1803Info pages show embedded images, in Emacs frames with image support. 1804Info documentation that includes images, processed with makeinfo 1805version 4.7 or newer, compiles to Info pages with embedded images. 1806 1807*** `Info-index' offers completion. 1808 1809*** http and ftp links in Info are now operational: they look like cross 1810references and following them calls `browse-url'. 1811 1812*** isearch in Info uses Info-search and searches through multiple nodes. 1813 1814Before leaving the initial Info node isearch fails once with the error 1815message [initial node], and with subsequent C-s/C-r continues through 1816other nodes. When isearch fails for the rest of the manual, it wraps 1817around the whole manual to the top/final node. The user option 1818`Info-isearch-search' controls whether to use Info-search for isearch, 1819or the default isearch search function that wraps around the current 1820Info node. 1821 1822*** New search commands: `Info-search-case-sensitively' (bound to S), 1823`Info-search-backward', and `Info-search-next' which repeats the last 1824search without prompting for a new search string. 1825 1826*** New command `info-apropos' searches the indices of the known 1827Info files on your system for a string, and builds a menu of the 1828possible matches. 1829 1830*** New command `Info-history-forward' (bound to r and new toolbar icon) 1831moves forward in history to the node you returned from after using 1832`Info-history-back' (renamed from `Info-last'). 1833 1834*** New command `Info-history' (bound to L) displays a menu of visited nodes. 1835 1836*** New command `Info-toc' (bound to T) creates a node with table of contents 1837from the tree structure of menus of the current Info file. 1838 1839*** New command `Info-copy-current-node-name' (bound to w) copies 1840the current Info node name into the kill ring. With a zero prefix 1841arg, puts the node name inside the `info' function call. 1842 1843*** New face `info-xref-visited' distinguishes visited nodes from unvisited 1844and a new option `Info-fontify-visited-nodes' to control this. 1845 1846*** A numeric prefix argument of `info' selects an Info buffer 1847with the number appended to the `*info*' buffer name (e.g. "*info*<2>"). 1848 1849*** Info now hides node names in menus and cross references by default. 1850 1851If you prefer the old behavior, you can set the new user option 1852`Info-hide-note-references' to nil. 1853 1854*** The default value for `Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' is now nil. 1855 1856** Emacs server changes 1857 1858*** You can have several Emacs servers on the same machine. 1859 1860 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "foo")' -f server-start & 1861 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "bar")' -f server-start & 1862 % emacsclient -s foo file1 1863 % emacsclient -s bar file2 1864 1865*** The `emacsclient' command understands the options `--eval' and 1866`--display' which tell Emacs respectively to evaluate the given Lisp 1867expression and to use the given display when visiting files. 1868 1869*** User option `server-mode' can be used to start a server process. 1870 1871** Locate changes 1872 1873*** By default, reverting the *Locate* buffer now just runs the last 1874`locate' command back over again without offering to update the locate 1875database (which normally only works if you have root privileges). If 1876you prefer the old behavior, set the new customizable option 1877`locate-update-when-revert' to t. 1878 1879** Desktop package 1880 1881*** Desktop saving is now a minor mode, `desktop-save-mode'. 1882 1883*** The variable `desktop-enable' is obsolete. 1884 1885Customize `desktop-save-mode' to enable desktop saving. 1886 1887*** Buffers are saved in the desktop file in the same order as that in the 1888buffer list. 1889 1890*** The desktop package can be customized to restore only some buffers 1891immediately, remaining buffers are restored lazily (when Emacs is 1892idle). 1893 1894*** New command line option --no-desktop 1895 1896*** New commands: 1897 - desktop-revert reverts to the last loaded desktop. 1898 - desktop-change-dir kills current desktop and loads a new. 1899 - desktop-save-in-desktop-dir saves desktop in the directory from which 1900 it was loaded. 1901 - desktop-lazy-complete runs the desktop load to completion. 1902 - desktop-lazy-abort aborts lazy loading of the desktop. 1903 1904*** New customizable variables: 1905 - desktop-save. Determines whether the desktop should be saved when it is 1906 killed. 1907 - desktop-file-name-format. Format in which desktop file names should be saved. 1908 - desktop-path. List of directories in which to lookup the desktop file. 1909 - desktop-locals-to-save. List of local variables to save. 1910 - desktop-globals-to-clear. List of global variables that `desktop-clear' will clear. 1911 - desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp. Regexp identifying buffers that `desktop-clear' 1912 should not delete. 1913 - desktop-restore-eager. Number of buffers to restore immediately. Remaining buffers are 1914 restored lazily (when Emacs is idle). 1915 - desktop-lazy-verbose. Verbose reporting of lazily created buffers. 1916 - desktop-lazy-idle-delay. Idle delay before starting to create buffers. 1917 1918*** New hooks: 1919 - desktop-after-read-hook run after a desktop is loaded. 1920 - desktop-no-desktop-file-hook run when no desktop file is found. 1921 1922** Recentf changes 1923 1924The recent file list is now automatically cleaned up when recentf mode is 1925enabled. The new option `recentf-auto-cleanup' controls when to do 1926automatic cleanup. 1927 1928The ten most recent files can be quickly opened by using the shortcut 1929keys 1 to 9, and 0, when the recent list is displayed in a buffer via 1930the `recentf-open-files', or `recentf-open-more-files' commands. 1931 1932The `recentf-keep' option replaces `recentf-keep-non-readable-files-p' 1933and provides a more general mechanism to customize which file names to 1934keep in the recent list. 1935 1936With the more advanced option `recentf-filename-handlers', you can 1937specify functions that successively transform recent file names. For 1938example, if set to `file-truename' plus `abbreviate-file-name', the 1939same file will not be in the recent list with different symbolic 1940links, and the file name will be abbreviated. 1941 1942To follow naming convention, `recentf-menu-append-commands-flag' 1943replaces the misnamed option `recentf-menu-append-commands-p'. The 1944old name remains available as alias, but has been marked obsolete. 1945 1946** Auto-Revert changes 1947 1948*** You can now use Auto Revert mode to `tail' a file. 1949 1950If point is at the end of a file buffer before reverting, Auto Revert 1951mode keeps it at the end after reverting. Similarly if point is 1952displayed at the end of a file buffer in any window, it stays at the 1953end of the buffer in that window. This allows you to "tail" a file: 1954just put point at the end of the buffer and it stays there. This rule 1955applies to file buffers. For non-file buffers, the behavior can be 1956mode dependent. 1957 1958If you are sure that the file will only change by growing at the end, 1959then you can tail the file more efficiently by using the new minor 1960mode Auto Revert Tail mode. The function `auto-revert-tail-mode' 1961toggles this mode. 1962 1963*** Auto Revert mode is now more careful to avoid excessive reverts and 1964other potential problems when deciding which non-file buffers to 1965revert. This matters especially if Global Auto Revert mode is enabled 1966and `global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers' is non-nil. Auto Revert 1967mode only reverts a non-file buffer if the buffer has a non-nil 1968`revert-buffer-function' and a non-nil `buffer-stale-function', which 1969decides whether the buffer should be reverted. Currently, this means 1970that auto reverting works for Dired buffers (although this may not 1971work properly on all operating systems) and for the Buffer Menu. 1972 1973*** If the new user option `auto-revert-check-vc-info' is non-nil, Auto 1974Revert mode reliably updates version control info (such as the version 1975control number in the mode line), in all version controlled buffers in 1976which it is active. If the option is nil, the default, then this info 1977only gets updated whenever the buffer gets reverted. 1978 1979** Changes in Shell Mode 1980 1981*** Shell output normally scrolls so that the input line is at the 1982bottom of the window -- thus showing the maximum possible text. (This 1983is similar to the way sequential output to a terminal works.) 1984 1985** Changes in Hi Lock 1986 1987*** hi-lock-mode now only affects a single buffer, and a new function 1988`global-hi-lock-mode' enables Hi Lock in all buffers. By default, if 1989hi-lock-mode is used in what appears to be the initialization file, a 1990warning message suggests to use global-hi-lock-mode instead. However, 1991if the new variable `hi-lock-archaic-interface-deduce' is non-nil, 1992using hi-lock-mode in an initialization file will turn on Hi Lock in all 1993buffers and no warning will be issued (for compatibility with the 1994behavior in older versions of Emacs). 1995 1996** Changes in Allout 1997 1998*** Topic cryptography added, enabling easy gpg topic encryption and 1999decryption. Per-topic basis enables interspersing encrypted-text and 2000clear-text within a single file to your heart's content, using symmetric 2001and/or public key modes. Time-limited key caching, user-provided 2002symmetric key hinting and consistency verification, auto-encryption of 2003pending topics on save, and more, make it easy to use encryption in 2004powerful ways. Encryption behavior customization is collected in the 2005allout-encryption customization group. 2006 2007*** Default command prefix was changed to "\C-c " (control-c space), to 2008avoid intruding on user's keybinding space. Customize the 2009`allout-command-prefix' variable to your preference. 2010 2011*** Some previously rough topic-header format edge cases are reconciled. 2012Level 1 topics use the mode's comment format, and lines starting with the 2013asterisk - for instance, the comment close of some languages (eg, c's "*/" 2014or mathematica's "*)") - at the beginning of line are no longer are 2015interpreted as level 1 topics in those modes. 2016 2017*** Many or most commonly occurring "accidental" topics are disqualified. 2018Text in item bodies that looks like a low-depth topic is no longer mistaken 2019for one unless its first offspring (or that of its next sibling with 2020offspring) is only one level deeper. 2021 2022For example, pasting some text with a bunch of leading asterisks into a 2023topic that's followed by a level 3 or deeper topic will not cause the 2024pasted text to be mistaken for outline structure. 2025 2026The same constraint is applied to any level 2 or 3 topics. 2027 2028This settles an old issue where typed or pasted text needed to be carefully 2029reviewed, and sometimes doctored, to avoid accidentally disrupting the 2030outline structure. Now that should be generally unnecessary, as the most 2031prone-to-occur accidents are disqualified. 2032 2033*** Allout now refuses to create "containment discontinuities", where a 2034topic is shifted deeper than the offspring-depth of its container. On the 2035other hand, allout now operates gracefully with existing containment 2036discontinuities, revealing excessively contained topics rather than either 2037leaving them hidden or raising an error. 2038 2039*** Navigation within an item is easier. Repeated beginning-of-line and 2040end-of-line key commands (usually, ^A and ^E) cycle through the 2041beginning/end-of-line and then beginning/end of topic, etc. See new 2042customization vars `allout-beginning-of-line-cycles' and 2043`allout-end-of-line-cycles'. 2044 2045*** New or revised allout-mode activity hooks enable creation of 2046cooperative enhancements to allout mode without changes to the mode, 2047itself. 2048 2049See `allout-exposure-change-hook', `allout-structure-added-hook', 2050`allout-structure-deleted-hook', and `allout-structure-shifted-hook'. 2051 2052`allout-exposure-change-hook' replaces the existing 2053`allout-view-change-hook', which is being deprecated. Both are still 2054invoked, but `allout-view-change-hook' will eventually be ignored. 2055`allout-exposure-change-hook' is called with explicit arguments detailing 2056the specifics of each change (as are the other new hooks), making it easier 2057to use than the old version. 2058 2059There is a new mode deactivation hook, `allout-mode-deactivate-hook', for 2060coordinating with deactivation of allout-mode. Both that and the mode 2061activation hook, `allout-mode-hook' are now run after the `allout-mode' 2062variable is changed, rather than before. 2063 2064*** Allout now uses text overlay's `invisible' property for concealed text, 2065instead of selective-display. This simplifies the code, in particular 2066avoiding the need for kludges for isearch dynamic-display, discretionary 2067handling of edits of concealed text, undo concerns, etc. 2068 2069*** There are many other fixes and refinements, including: 2070 2071 - repaired inhibition of inadvertent edits to concealed text, without 2072 inhibiting undo; we now reveal undo changes within concealed text. 2073 - auto-fill-mode is now left inactive when allout-mode starts, if it 2074 already was inactive. also, `allout-inhibit-auto-fill' custom 2075 configuration variable makes it easy to disable auto fill in allout 2076 outlines in general or on a per-buffer basis. 2077 - allout now tolerates fielded text in outlines without disruption. 2078 - hot-spot navigation now is modularized with a new function, 2079 `allout-hotspot-key-handler', enabling easier use and enhancement of 2080 the functionality in allout addons. 2081 - repaired retention of topic body hanging indent upon topic depth shifts 2082 - bulleting variation is simpler and more accommodating, both in the 2083 default behavior and in ability to vary when creating new topics 2084 - mode deactivation now does cleans up effectively, more properly 2085 restoring affected variables and hooks to former state, removing 2086 overlays, etc. see `allout-add-resumptions' and 2087 `allout-do-resumptions', which replace the old `allout-resumptions'. 2088 - included a few unit-tests for interior functionality. developers can 2089 have them automatically run at the end of module load by customizing 2090 the option `allout-run-unit-tests-on-load'. 2091 - many, many other, more minor tweaks, fixes, and refinements. 2092 - version number incremented to 2.2 2093 2094** Hideshow mode changes 2095 2096*** New variable `hs-set-up-overlay' allows customization of the overlay 2097used to effect hiding for hideshow minor mode. Integration with isearch 2098handles the overlay property `display' specially, preserving it during 2099temporary overlay showing in the course of an isearch operation. 2100 2101*** New variable `hs-allow-nesting' non-nil means that hiding a block does 2102not discard the hidden state of any "internal" blocks; when the parent 2103block is later shown, the internal blocks remain hidden. Default is nil. 2104 2105** FFAP changes 2106 2107*** New ffap commands and keybindings: 2108 2109C-x C-r (`ffap-read-only'), 2110C-x C-v (`ffap-alternate-file'), C-x C-d (`ffap-list-directory'), 2111C-x 4 r (`ffap-read-only-other-window'), C-x 4 d (`ffap-dired-other-window'), 2112C-x 5 r (`ffap-read-only-other-frame'), C-x 5 d (`ffap-dired-other-frame'). 2113 2114*** FFAP accepts wildcards in a file name by default. 2115 2116C-x C-f passes the file name to `find-file' with non-nil WILDCARDS 2117argument, which visits multiple files, and C-x d passes it to `dired'. 2118 2119** Changes in Skeleton 2120 2121*** In skeleton.el, `-' marks the `skeleton-point' without interregion interaction. 2122 2123`@' has reverted to only setting `skeleton-positions' and no longer 2124sets `skeleton-point'. Skeletons which used @ to mark 2125`skeleton-point' independent of `_' should now use `-' instead. The 2126updated `skeleton-insert' docstring explains these new features along 2127with other details of skeleton construction. 2128 2129*** The variables `skeleton-transformation', `skeleton-filter', and 2130`skeleton-pair-filter' have been renamed to 2131`skeleton-transformation-function', `skeleton-filter-function', and 2132`skeleton-pair-filter-function'. The old names are still available 2133as aliases. 2134 2135** HTML/SGML changes 2136 2137*** Emacs now tries to set up buffer coding systems for HTML/XML files 2138automatically. 2139 2140*** SGML mode has indentation and supports XML syntax. 2141The new variable `sgml-xml-mode' tells SGML mode to use XML syntax. 2142When this option is enabled, SGML tags are inserted in XML style, 2143i.e., there is always a closing tag. 2144By default, its setting is inferred on a buffer-by-buffer basis 2145from the file name or buffer contents. 2146 2147*** The variable `sgml-transformation' has been renamed to 2148`sgml-transformation-function'. The old name is still available as 2149alias. 2150 2151*** `xml-mode' is now an alias for `sgml-mode', which has XML support. 2152 2153** TeX modes 2154 2155*** New major mode Doctex mode, for *.dtx files. 2156 2157*** C-c C-c prompts for a command to run, and tries to offer a good default. 2158 2159*** The user option `tex-start-options-string' has been replaced 2160by two new user options: `tex-start-options', which should hold 2161command-line options to feed to TeX, and `tex-start-commands' which should hold 2162TeX commands to use at startup. 2163 2164*** verbatim environments are now highlighted in courier by font-lock 2165and super/sub-scripts are made into super/sub-scripts. 2166 2167** RefTeX mode changes 2168 2169*** Changes to RefTeX's table of contents 2170 2171The new command keys "<" and ">" in the TOC buffer promote/demote the 2172section at point or all sections in the current region, with full 2173support for multifile documents. 2174 2175The new command `reftex-toc-recenter' (`C-c -') shows the current 2176section in the TOC buffer without selecting the TOC window. 2177Recentering can happen automatically in idle time when the option 2178`reftex-auto-recenter-toc' is turned on. The highlight in the TOC 2179buffer stays when the focus moves to a different window. A dedicated 2180frame can show the TOC with the current section always automatically 2181highlighted. The frame is created and deleted from the toc buffer 2182with the `d' key. 2183 2184The toc window can be split off horizontally instead of vertically. 2185See new option `reftex-toc-split-windows-horizontally'. 2186 2187Labels can be renamed globally from the table of contents using the 2188key `M-%'. 2189 2190The new command `reftex-goto-label' jumps directly to a label 2191location. 2192 2193*** Changes related to citations and BibTeX database files 2194 2195Commands that insert a citation now prompt for optional arguments when 2196called with a prefix argument. Related new options are 2197`reftex-cite-prompt-optional-args' and `reftex-cite-cleanup-optional-args'. 2198 2199The new command `reftex-create-bibtex-file' creates a BibTeX database 2200with all entries referenced in the current document. The keys "e" and 2201"E" allow to produce a BibTeX database file from entries marked in a 2202citation selection buffer. 2203 2204The command `reftex-citation' uses the word in the buffer before the 2205cursor as a default search string. 2206 2207The support for chapterbib has been improved. Different chapters can 2208now use BibTeX or an explicit `thebibliography' environment. 2209 2210The macros which specify the bibliography file (like \bibliography) 2211can be configured with the new option `reftex-bibliography-commands'. 2212 2213Support for jurabib has been added. 2214 2215*** Global index matched may be verified with a user function. 2216 2217During global indexing, a user function can verify an index match. 2218See new option `reftex-index-verify-function'. 2219 2220*** Parsing documents with many labels can be sped up. 2221 2222Operating in a document with thousands of labels can be sped up 2223considerably by allowing RefTeX to derive the type of a label directly 2224from the label prefix like `eq:' or `fig:'. The option 2225`reftex-trust-label-prefix' needs to be configured in order to enable 2226this feature. While the speed-up is significant, this may reduce the 2227quality of the context offered by RefTeX to describe a label. 2228 2229*** Miscellaneous changes 2230 2231The macros which input a file in LaTeX (like \input, \include) can be 2232configured in the new option `reftex-include-file-commands'. 2233 2234RefTeX supports global incremental search. 2235 2236** BibTeX mode 2237 2238*** The new command `bibtex-url' browses a URL for the BibTeX entry at 2239point (bound to C-c C-l and mouse-2, RET on clickable fields). 2240 2241*** The new command `bibtex-entry-update' (bound to C-c C-u) updates 2242an existing BibTeX entry by inserting fields that may occur but are not 2243present. 2244 2245*** New `bibtex-entry-format' option `required-fields', enabled by default. 2246 2247*** `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' can take values `plain', 2248`crossref', and `entry-class' which control the sorting scheme used 2249for BibTeX entries. `bibtex-sort-entry-class' controls the sorting 2250scheme `entry-class'. TAB completion for reference keys and 2251automatic detection of duplicates does not require anymore that 2252`bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' is non-nil. 2253 2254*** The new command `bibtex-complete' completes word fragment before 2255point according to context (bound to M-tab). 2256 2257*** In BibTeX mode the command `fill-paragraph' (M-q) fills 2258individual fields of a BibTeX entry. 2259 2260*** The new variable `bibtex-autofill-types' contains a list of entry 2261types for which fields are filled automatically (if possible). 2262 2263*** The new commands `bibtex-find-entry' and `bibtex-find-crossref' 2264locate entries and crossref'd entries (bound to C-c C-s and C-c C-x). 2265Crossref fields are clickable (bound to mouse-2, RET). 2266 2267*** The new variables `bibtex-files' and `bibtex-file-path' define a set 2268of BibTeX files that are searched for entry keys. 2269 2270*** The new command `bibtex-validate-globally' checks for duplicate keys 2271in multiple BibTeX files. 2272 2273*** If the new variable `bibtex-autoadd-commas' is non-nil, 2274automatically add missing commas at end of BibTeX fields. 2275 2276*** The new command `bibtex-copy-summary-as-kill' pushes summary 2277of BibTeX entry to kill ring (bound to C-c C-t). 2278 2279*** If the new variable `bibtex-parse-keys-fast' is non-nil, 2280use fast but simplified algorithm for parsing BibTeX keys. 2281 2282*** The new variables bibtex-expand-strings and 2283bibtex-autokey-expand-strings control the expansion of strings when 2284extracting the content of a BibTeX field. 2285 2286*** The variables `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert' and 2287`bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert' have been renamed to 2288`bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert-function' and 2289`bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert-function'. The old names are 2290still available as aliases. 2291 2292** GUD changes 2293 2294*** The new package gdb-ui.el provides an enhanced graphical interface to 2295GDB. You can interact with GDB through the GUD buffer in the usual way, but 2296there are also further buffers which control the execution and describe the 2297state of your program. It can separate the input/output of your program from 2298that of GDB and watches expressions in the speedbar. It also uses features of 2299Emacs 21/22 such as the toolbar, and bitmaps in the fringe to indicate 2300breakpoints. 2301 2302To use this package just type M-x gdb. See the Emacs manual if you want the 2303old behaviour. 2304 2305*** GUD mode has its own tool bar for controlling execution of the inferior 2306and other common debugger commands. 2307 2308*** In GUD mode, when talking to GDB, C-x C-a C-j "jumps" the program 2309counter to the specified source line (the one where point is). 2310 2311*** The variable tooltip-gud-tips-p has been removed. GUD tooltips can now be 2312toggled independently of normal tooltips with the minor mode 2313`gud-tooltip-mode'. 2314 2315*** In graphical mode, with a C program, GUD Tooltips have been extended to 2316display the #define directive associated with an identifier when program is 2317not executing. 2318 2319*** GUD mode improvements for jdb: 2320 2321**** Search for source files using jdb classpath and class information. 2322Fast startup since there is no need to scan all source files up front. 2323There is also no need to create and maintain lists of source 2324directories to scan. Look at `gud-jdb-use-classpath' and 2325`gud-jdb-classpath' customization variables documentation. 2326 2327**** The previous method of searching for source files has been 2328preserved in case someone still wants/needs to use it. 2329Set `gud-jdb-use-classpath' to nil. 2330 2331**** Supports the standard breakpoint (gud-break, gud-clear) 2332set/clear operations from Java source files under the classpath, stack 2333traversal (gud-up, gud-down), and run until current stack finish 2334(gud-finish). 2335 2336**** Supports new jdb (Java 1.2 and later) in addition to oldjdb 2337(Java 1.1 jdb). 2338 2339*** Added jdb Customization Variables 2340 2341**** `gud-jdb-command-name'. What command line to use to invoke jdb. 2342 2343**** `gud-jdb-use-classpath'. Allows selection of java source file searching 2344method: set to t for new method, nil to scan `gud-jdb-directories' for 2345java sources (previous method). 2346 2347**** `gud-jdb-directories'. List of directories to scan and search for Java 2348classes using the original gud-jdb method (if `gud-jdb-use-classpath' 2349is nil). 2350 2351*** Minor Improvements 2352 2353**** The STARTTLS wrapper (starttls.el) can now use GNUTLS 2354instead of the OpenSSL based `starttls' tool. For backwards 2355compatibility, it prefers `starttls', but you can toggle 2356`starttls-use-gnutls' to switch to GNUTLS (or simply remove the 2357`starttls' tool). 2358 2359**** Do not allow debugger output history variable to grow without bounds. 2360 2361** Lisp mode changes 2362 2363*** Lisp mode now uses `font-lock-doc-face' for doc strings. 2364 2365*** C-u C-M-q in Emacs Lisp mode pretty-prints the list after point. 2366 2367*** New features in evaluation commands 2368 2369**** The function `eval-defun' (C-M-x) called on defface reinitializes 2370the face to the value specified in the defface expression. 2371 2372**** Typing C-x C-e twice prints the value of the integer result 2373in additional formats (octal, hexadecimal, character) specified 2374by the new function `eval-expression-print-format'. The same 2375function also defines the result format for `eval-expression' (M-:), 2376`eval-print-last-sexp' (C-j) and some edebug evaluation functions. 2377 2378** Changes to cmuscheme 2379 2380*** Emacs now offers to start Scheme if the user tries to 2381evaluate a Scheme expression but no Scheme subprocess is running. 2382 2383*** If the file ~/.emacs_NAME or ~/.emacs.d/init_NAME.scm (where NAME 2384is the name of the Scheme interpreter) exists, its contents are sent 2385to the Scheme subprocess upon startup. 2386 2387*** There are new commands to instruct the Scheme interpreter to trace 2388procedure calls (`scheme-trace-procedure') and to expand syntactic forms 2389(`scheme-expand-current-form'). The commands actually sent to the Scheme 2390subprocess are controlled by the user options `scheme-trace-command', 2391`scheme-untrace-command' and `scheme-expand-current-form'. 2392 2393** Ewoc changes 2394 2395*** The new function `ewoc-delete' deletes specified nodes. 2396 2397*** `ewoc-create' now takes optional arg NOSEP, which inhibits insertion of 2398a newline after each pretty-printed entry and after the header and footer. 2399This allows you to create multiple-entry ewocs on a single line and to 2400effect "invisible" nodes by arranging for the pretty-printer to not print 2401anything for those nodes. 2402 2403For example, these two sequences of expressions behave identically: 2404 2405;; NOSEP nil 2406(defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S" data))) 2407(ewoc-create 'PP "start\n") 2408 2409;; NOSEP t 2410(defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S\n" data))) 2411(ewoc-create 'PP "start\n\n" "\n" t) 2412 2413** CC mode changes 2414 2415*** The CC Mode manual has been extensively revised. 2416The information about using CC Mode has been separated from the larger 2417and more difficult chapters about configuration. 2418 2419*** New Minor Modes 2420**** Electric Minor Mode toggles the electric action of non-alphabetic keys. 2421The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l. Turning the 2422mode off can be helpful for editing chaotically indented code and for 2423users new to CC Mode, who sometimes find electric indentation 2424disconcerting. Its current state is displayed in the mode line with an 2425'l', e.g. "C/al". 2426 2427**** Subword Minor Mode makes Emacs recognize word boundaries at upper case 2428letters in StudlyCapsIdentifiers. You enable this feature by C-c C-w. It can 2429also be used in non-CC Mode buffers. :-) Contributed by Masatake YAMATO. 2430 2431*** Support for the AWK language. 2432Support for the AWK language has been introduced. The implementation is 2433based around GNU AWK version 3.1, but it should work pretty well with 2434any AWK. As yet, not all features of CC Mode have been adapted for AWK. 2435Here is a summary: 2436 2437**** Indentation Engine 2438The CC Mode indentation engine fully supports AWK mode. 2439 2440AWK mode handles code formatted in the conventional AWK fashion: `{'s 2441which start actions, user-defined functions, or compound statements are 2442placed on the same line as the associated construct; the matching `}'s 2443are normally placed under the start of the respective pattern, function 2444definition, or structured statement. 2445 2446The predefined line-up functions haven't yet been adapted for AWK 2447mode, though some of them may work serendipitously. There shouldn't 2448be any problems writing custom indentation functions for AWK mode. 2449 2450**** Font Locking 2451There is a single level of font locking in AWK mode, rather than the 2452three distinct levels the other modes have. There are several 2453idiosyncrasies in AWK mode's font-locking due to the peculiarities of 2454the AWK language itself. 2455 2456**** Comment and Movement Commands 2457These commands all work for AWK buffers. The notion of "defun" has 2458been augmented to include AWK pattern-action pairs - the standard 2459"defun" commands on key sequences C-M-a, C-M-e, and C-M-h use this 2460extended definition. 2461 2462**** "awk" style, Auto-newline Insertion and Clean-ups 2463A new style, "awk" has been introduced, and this is now the default 2464style for AWK code. With auto-newline enabled, the clean-up 2465c-one-liner-defun (see above) is useful. 2466 2467*** Font lock support. 2468CC Mode now provides font lock support for all its languages. This 2469supersedes the font lock patterns that have been in the core font lock 2470package for C, C++, Java and Objective-C. Like indentation, font 2471locking is done in a uniform way across all languages (except the new 2472AWK mode - see below). That means that the new font locking will be 2473different from the old patterns in various details for most languages. 2474 2475The main goal of the font locking in CC Mode is accuracy, to provide a 2476dependable aid in recognizing the various constructs. Some, like 2477strings and comments, are easy to recognize while others like 2478declarations and types can be very tricky. CC Mode can go to great 2479lengths to recognize declarations and casts correctly, especially when 2480the types aren't recognized by standard patterns. This is a fairly 2481demanding analysis which can be slow on older hardware, and it can 2482therefore be disabled by choosing a lower decoration level with the 2483variable font-lock-maximum-decoration. 2484 2485Note that the most demanding font lock level has been tuned with lazy 2486fontification in mind; Just-In-Time-Lock mode should be enabled for 2487the highest font lock level (by default, it is). Fontifying a file 2488with several thousand lines in one go can take the better part of a 2489minute. 2490 2491**** The (c|c++|objc|java|idl|pike)-font-lock-extra-types variables 2492are now used by CC Mode to recognize identifiers that are certain to 2493be types. (They are also used in cases that aren't related to font 2494locking.) At the maximum decoration level, types are often recognized 2495properly anyway, so these variables should be fairly restrictive and 2496not contain patterns for uncertain types. 2497 2498**** Support for documentation comments. 2499There is a "plugin" system to fontify documentation comments like 2500Javadoc and the markup within them. It's independent of the host 2501language, so it's possible to e.g. turn on Javadoc font locking in C 2502buffers. See the variable c-doc-comment-style for details. 2503 2504Currently three kinds of doc comment styles are recognized: Sun's 2505Javadoc, Autodoc (which is used in Pike) and GtkDoc (used in C). (The 2506last was contributed by Masatake YAMATO). This is by no means a 2507complete list of the most common tools; if your doc comment extractor 2508of choice is missing then please drop a note to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org. 2509 2510**** Better handling of C++ templates. 2511As a side effect of the more accurate font locking, C++ templates are 2512now handled much better. The angle brackets that delimit them are 2513given parenthesis syntax so that they can be navigated like other 2514parens. 2515 2516This also improves indentation of templates, although there still is 2517work to be done in that area. E.g. it's required that multiline 2518template clauses are written in full and then refontified to be 2519recognized, and the indentation of nested templates is a bit odd and 2520not as configurable as it ought to be. 2521 2522**** Improved handling of Objective-C and CORBA IDL. 2523Especially the support for Objective-C and IDL has gotten an overhaul. 2524The special "@" declarations in Objective-C are handled correctly. 2525All the keywords used in CORBA IDL, PSDL, and CIDL are recognized and 2526handled correctly, also wrt indentation. 2527 2528*** Changes in Key Sequences 2529**** c-toggle-auto-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-t. 2530 2531**** c-toggle-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-d. 2532This binding has been taken over by c-hungry-delete-forwards. 2533 2534**** c-toggle-auto-state (C-c C-t) has been renamed to c-toggle-auto-newline. 2535c-toggle-auto-state remains as an alias. 2536 2537**** The new commands c-hungry-backspace and c-hungry-delete-forwards 2538have key bindings C-c C-DEL (or C-c DEL, for the benefit of TTYs) and 2539C-c C-d (or C-c C-<delete> or C-c <delete>) respectively. These 2540commands delete entire blocks of whitespace with a single 2541key-sequence. [N.B. "DEL" is the <backspace> key.] 2542 2543**** The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l. 2544 2545**** The new command c-subword-mode is bound to C-c C-w. 2546 2547*** C-c C-s (`c-show-syntactic-information') now highlights the anchor 2548position(s). 2549 2550*** New syntactic symbols in IDL mode. 2551The top level constructs "module" and "composition" (from CIDL) are 2552now handled like "namespace" in C++: They are given syntactic symbols 2553module-open, module-close, inmodule, composition-open, 2554composition-close, and incomposition. 2555 2556*** New functions to do hungry delete without enabling hungry delete mode. 2557The new functions `c-hungry-backspace' and `c-hungry-delete-forward' 2558provide hungry deletion without having to toggle a mode. They are 2559bound to C-c C-DEL and C-c C-d (and several variants, for the benefit 2560of different keyboard setups. See "Changes in key sequences" above). 2561 2562*** Better control over `require-final-newline'. 2563 2564The variable `c-require-final-newline' specifies which of the modes 2565implemented by CC mode should insert final newlines. Its value is a 2566list of modes, and only those modes should do it. By default the list 2567includes C, C++ and Objective-C modes. 2568 2569Whichever modes are in this list will set `require-final-newline' 2570based on `mode-require-final-newline'. 2571 2572*** Format change for syntactic context elements. 2573 2574The elements in the syntactic context returned by `c-guess-basic-syntax' 2575and stored in `c-syntactic-context' has been changed somewhat to allow 2576attaching more information. They are now lists instead of single cons 2577cells. E.g. a line that previously had the syntactic analysis 2578 2579((inclass . 11) (topmost-intro . 13)) 2580 2581is now analyzed as 2582 2583((inclass 11) (topmost-intro 13)) 2584 2585In some cases there are more than one position given for a syntactic 2586symbol. 2587 2588This change might affect code that calls `c-guess-basic-syntax' 2589directly, and custom lineup functions if they use 2590`c-syntactic-context'. However, the argument given to lineup 2591functions is still a single cons cell with nil or an integer in the 2592cdr. 2593 2594*** API changes for derived modes. 2595 2596There have been extensive changes "under the hood" which can affect 2597derived mode writers. Some of these changes are likely to cause 2598incompatibilities with existing derived modes, but on the other hand 2599care has now been taken to make it possible to extend and modify CC 2600Mode with less risk of such problems in the future. 2601 2602**** New language variable system. 2603These are variables whose values vary between CC Mode's different 2604languages. See the comment blurb near the top of cc-langs.el. 2605 2606**** New initialization functions. 2607The initialization procedure has been split up into more functions to 2608give better control: `c-basic-common-init', `c-font-lock-init', and 2609`c-init-language-vars'. 2610 2611*** Changes in analysis of nested syntactic constructs. 2612The syntactic analysis engine has better handling of cases where 2613several syntactic constructs appear nested on the same line. They are 2614now handled as if each construct started on a line of its own. 2615 2616This means that CC Mode now indents some cases differently, and 2617although it's more consistent there might be cases where the old way 2618gave results that's more to one's liking. So if you find a situation 2619where you think that the indentation has become worse, please report 2620it to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org. 2621 2622**** New syntactic symbol substatement-label. 2623This symbol is used when a label is inserted between a statement and 2624its substatement. E.g: 2625 2626 if (x) 2627 x_is_true: 2628 do_stuff(); 2629 2630*** Better handling of multiline macros. 2631 2632**** Syntactic indentation inside macros. 2633The contents of multiline #define's are now analyzed and indented 2634syntactically just like other code. This can be disabled by the new 2635variable `c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros'. A new syntactic symbol 2636`cpp-define-intro' has been added to control the initial indentation 2637inside `#define's. 2638 2639**** New lineup function `c-lineup-cpp-define'. 2640 2641Now used by default to line up macro continuation lines. The behavior 2642of this function closely mimics the indentation one gets if the macro 2643is indented while the line continuation backslashes are temporarily 2644removed. If syntactic indentation in macros is turned off, it works 2645much line `c-lineup-dont-change', which was used earlier, but handles 2646empty lines within the macro better. 2647 2648**** Automatically inserted newlines continues the macro if used within one. 2649This applies to the newlines inserted by the auto-newline mode, and to 2650`c-context-line-break' and `c-context-open-line'. 2651 2652**** Better alignment of line continuation backslashes. 2653`c-backslash-region' tries to adapt to surrounding backslashes. New 2654variable `c-backslash-max-column' puts a limit on how far out 2655backslashes can be moved. 2656 2657**** Automatic alignment of line continuation backslashes. 2658This is controlled by the new variable `c-auto-align-backslashes'. It 2659affects `c-context-line-break', `c-context-open-line' and newlines 2660inserted in Auto-Newline mode. 2661 2662**** Line indentation works better inside macros. 2663Regardless whether syntactic indentation and syntactic indentation 2664inside macros are enabled or not, line indentation now ignores the 2665line continuation backslashes. This is most noticeable when syntactic 2666indentation is turned off and there are empty lines (save for the 2667backslash) in the macro. 2668 2669*** indent-for-comment is more customizable. 2670The behavior of M-; (indent-for-comment) is now configurable through 2671the variable `c-indent-comment-alist'. The indentation behavior is 2672based on the preceding code on the line, e.g. to get two spaces after 2673#else and #endif but indentation to `comment-column' in most other 2674cases (something which was hardcoded earlier). 2675 2676*** New function `c-context-open-line'. 2677It's the open-line equivalent of `c-context-line-break'. 2678 2679*** New clean-ups 2680 2681**** `comment-close-slash'. 2682With this clean-up, a block (i.e. c-style) comment can be terminated by 2683typing a slash at the start of a line. 2684 2685**** `c-one-liner-defun' 2686This clean-up compresses a short enough defun (for example, an AWK 2687pattern/action pair) onto a single line. "Short enough" is configurable. 2688 2689*** New lineup functions 2690 2691**** `c-lineup-string-cont' 2692This lineup function lines up a continued string under the one it 2693continues. E.g: 2694 2695result = prefix + "A message " 2696 "string."; <- c-lineup-string-cont 2697 2698**** `c-lineup-cascaded-calls' 2699Lines up series of calls separated by "->" or ".". 2700 2701**** `c-lineup-knr-region-comment' 2702Gives (what most people think is) better indentation of comments in 2703the "K&R region" between the function header and its body. 2704 2705**** `c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg' 2706Provides better indentation inside asm blocks. 2707 2708**** `c-lineup-argcont' 2709Lines up continued function arguments after the preceding comma. 2710 2711*** Added toggle for syntactic indentation. 2712The function `c-toggle-syntactic-indentation' can be used to toggle 2713syntactic indentation. 2714 2715*** Better caching of the syntactic context. 2716CC Mode caches the positions of the opening parentheses (of any kind) 2717of the lists surrounding the point. Those positions are used in many 2718places as anchor points for various searches. The cache is now 2719improved so that it can be reused to a large extent when the point is 2720moved. The less it moves, the less needs to be recalculated. 2721 2722The effect is that CC Mode should be fast most of the time even when 2723opening parens are hung (i.e. aren't in column zero). It's typically 2724only the first time after the point is moved far down in a complex 2725file that it'll take noticeable time to find out the syntactic 2726context. 2727 2728*** Statements are recognized in a more robust way. 2729Statements are recognized most of the time even when they occur in an 2730"invalid" context, e.g. in a function argument. In practice that can 2731happen when macros are involved. 2732 2733*** Improved the way `c-indent-exp' chooses the block to indent. 2734It now indents the block for the closest sexp following the point 2735whose closing paren ends on a different line. This means that the 2736point doesn't have to be immediately before the block to indent. 2737Also, only the block and the closing line is indented; the current 2738line is left untouched. 2739 2740** Changes in Makefile mode 2741 2742*** Makefile mode has submodes for automake, gmake, makepp, BSD make and imake. 2743 2744The former two couldn't be differentiated before, and the latter three 2745are new. Font-locking is robust now and offers new customizable 2746faces. 2747 2748*** The variable `makefile-query-one-target-method' has been renamed 2749to `makefile-query-one-target-method-function'. The old name is still 2750available as alias. 2751 2752** Sql changes 2753 2754*** The variable `sql-product' controls the highlighting of different 2755SQL dialects. This variable can be set globally via Customize, on a 2756buffer-specific basis via local variable settings, or for the current 2757session using the new SQL->Product submenu. (This menu replaces the 2758SQL->Highlighting submenu.) 2759 2760The following values are supported: 2761 2762 ansi ANSI Standard (default) 2763 db2 DB2 2764 informix Informix 2765 ingres Ingres 2766 interbase Interbase 2767 linter Linter 2768 ms Microsoft 2769 mysql MySQL 2770 oracle Oracle 2771 postgres Postgres 2772 solid Solid 2773 sqlite SQLite 2774 sybase Sybase 2775 2776The current product name will be shown on the mode line following the 2777SQL mode indicator. 2778 2779The technique of setting `sql-mode-font-lock-defaults' directly in 2780your `.emacs' will no longer establish the default highlighting -- Use 2781`sql-product' to accomplish this. 2782 2783ANSI keywords are always highlighted. 2784 2785*** The function `sql-add-product-keywords' can be used to add 2786font-lock rules to the product specific rules. For example, to have 2787all identifiers ending in `_t' under MS SQLServer treated as a type, 2788you would use the following line in your .emacs file: 2789 2790 (sql-add-product-keywords 'ms 2791 '(("\\<\\w+_t\\>" . font-lock-type-face))) 2792 2793*** Oracle support includes keyword highlighting for Oracle 9i. 2794 2795Most SQL and PL/SQL keywords are implemented. SQL*Plus commands are 2796highlighted in `font-lock-doc-face'. 2797 2798*** Microsoft SQLServer support has been significantly improved. 2799 2800Keyword highlighting for SqlServer 2000 is implemented. 2801sql-interactive-mode defaults to use osql, rather than isql, because 2802osql flushes its error stream more frequently. Thus error messages 2803are displayed when they occur rather than when the session is 2804terminated. 2805 2806If the username and password are not provided to `sql-ms', osql is 2807called with the `-E' command line argument to use the operating system 2808credentials to authenticate the user. 2809 2810*** Postgres support is enhanced. 2811Keyword highlighting of Postgres 7.3 is implemented. Prompting for 2812the username and the pgsql `-U' option is added. 2813 2814*** MySQL support is enhanced. 2815Keyword highlighting of MySql 4.0 is implemented. 2816 2817*** Imenu support has been enhanced to locate tables, views, indexes, 2818packages, procedures, functions, triggers, sequences, rules, and 2819defaults. 2820 2821*** Added SQL->Start SQLi Session menu entry which calls the 2822appropriate `sql-interactive-mode' wrapper for the current setting of 2823`sql-product'. 2824 2825*** sql.el supports the SQLite interpreter--call 'sql-sqlite'. 2826 2827** Fortran mode changes 2828 2829*** F90 mode and Fortran mode have support for `hs-minor-mode' (hideshow). 2830It cannot deal with every code format, but ought to handle a sizeable 2831majority. 2832 2833*** F90 mode and Fortran mode have new navigation commands 2834`f90-end-of-block', `f90-beginning-of-block', `f90-next-block', 2835`f90-previous-block', `fortran-end-of-block', 2836`fortran-beginning-of-block'. 2837 2838*** Fortran mode does more font-locking by default. Use level 3 2839highlighting for the old default. 2840 2841*** Fortran mode has a new variable `fortran-directive-re'. 2842Adapt this to match the format of any compiler directives you use. 2843Lines that match are never indented, and are given distinctive font-locking. 2844 2845*** The new function `f90-backslash-not-special' can be used to change 2846the syntax of backslashes in F90 buffers. 2847 2848** Miscellaneous programming mode changes 2849 2850*** In sh-script, a continuation line is only indented if the backslash was 2851preceded by a SPC or a TAB. 2852 2853*** Perl mode has a new variable `perl-indent-continued-arguments'. 2854 2855*** The old Octave mode bindings C-c f and C-c i have been changed 2856to C-c C-f and C-c C-i. The C-c C-i subcommands now have duplicate 2857bindings on control characters--thus, C-c C-i C-b is the same as 2858C-c C-i b, and so on. 2859 2860*** Prolog mode has a new variable `prolog-font-lock-keywords' 2861to support use of font-lock. 2862 2863** VC Changes 2864 2865*** New backends for Subversion and Meta-CVS. 2866 2867*** The new variable `vc-cvs-global-switches' specifies switches that 2868are passed to any CVS command invoked by VC. 2869 2870These switches are used as "global options" for CVS, which means they 2871are inserted before the command name. For example, this allows you to 2872specify a compression level using the `-z#' option for CVS. 2873 2874*** The key C-x C-q only changes the read-only state of the buffer 2875(toggle-read-only). It no longer checks files in or out. 2876 2877We made this change because we held a poll and found that many users 2878were unhappy with the previous behavior. If you do prefer this 2879behavior, you can bind `vc-toggle-read-only' to C-x C-q in your 2880`.emacs' file: 2881 2882 (global-set-key "\C-x\C-q" 'vc-toggle-read-only) 2883 2884The function `vc-toggle-read-only' will continue to exist. 2885 2886*** VC-Annotate mode enhancements 2887 2888In VC-Annotate mode, you can now use the following key bindings for 2889enhanced functionality to browse the annotations of past revisions, or 2890to view diffs or log entries directly from vc-annotate-mode: 2891 2892 P: annotates the previous revision 2893 N: annotates the next revision 2894 J: annotates the revision at line 2895 A: annotates the revision previous to line 2896 D: shows the diff of the revision at line with its previous revision 2897 L: shows the log of the revision at line 2898 W: annotates the workfile (most up to date) version 2899 2900** pcl-cvs changes 2901 2902*** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d y' command to view the diffs 2903between the local version of the file and yesterday's head revision 2904in the repository. 2905 2906*** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d r' command to view the changes 2907anyone has committed to the repository since you last executed 2908`checkout', `update' or `commit'. That means using cvs diff options 2909-rBASE -rHEAD. 2910 2911** Diff changes 2912 2913*** M-x diff uses Diff mode instead of Compilation mode. 2914 2915*** Diff mode key bindings changed. 2916 2917These are the new bindings: 2918 2919C-c C-e diff-ediff-patch (old M-A) 2920C-c C-n diff-restrict-view (old M-r) 2921C-c C-r diff-reverse-direction (old M-R) 2922C-c C-u diff-context->unified (old M-U) 2923C-c C-w diff-refine-hunk (old C-c C-r) 2924 2925To convert unified to context format, use C-u C-c C-u. 2926In addition, C-c C-u now operates on the region 2927in Transient Mark mode when the mark is active. 2928 2929** EDiff changes. 2930 2931*** When comparing directories. 2932Typing D brings up a buffer that lists the differences between the contents of 2933directories. Now it is possible to use this buffer to copy the missing files 2934from one directory to another. 2935 2936*** When comparing files or buffers. 2937Typing the = key now offers to perform the word-by-word comparison of the 2938currently highlighted regions in an inferior Ediff session. If you answer 'n' 2939then it reverts to the old behavior and asks the user to select regions for 2940comparison. 2941 2942*** The new command `ediff-backup' compares a file with its most recent 2943backup using `ediff'. If you specify the name of a backup file, 2944`ediff-backup' compares it with the file of which it is a backup. 2945 2946** Etags changes. 2947 2948*** New regular expressions features 2949 2950**** New syntax for regular expressions, multi-line regular expressions. 2951 2952The syntax --ignore-case-regexp=/regex/ is now undocumented and retained 2953only for backward compatibility. The new equivalent syntax is 2954--regex=/regex/i. More generally, it is --regex=/TAGREGEX/TAGNAME/MODS, 2955where `/TAGNAME' is optional, as usual, and MODS is a string of 0 or 2956more characters among `i' (ignore case), `m' (multi-line) and `s' 2957(single-line). The `m' and `s' modifiers behave as in Perl regular 2958expressions: `m' allows regexps to match more than one line, while `s' 2959(which implies `m') means that `.' matches newlines. The ability to 2960span newlines allows writing of much more powerful regular expressions 2961and rapid prototyping for tagging new languages. 2962 2963**** Regular expressions can use char escape sequences as in GCC. 2964 2965The escaped character sequence \a, \b, \d, \e, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v, 2966respectively, stand for the ASCII characters BEL, BS, DEL, ESC, FF, NL, 2967CR, TAB, VT. 2968 2969**** Regular expressions can be bound to a given language. 2970 2971The syntax --regex={LANGUAGE}REGEX means that REGEX is used to make tags 2972only for files of language LANGUAGE, and ignored otherwise. This is 2973particularly useful when storing regexps in a file. 2974 2975**** Regular expressions can be read from a file. 2976 2977The --regex=@regexfile option means read the regexps from a file, one 2978per line. Lines beginning with space or tab are ignored. 2979 2980*** New language parsing features 2981 2982**** New language HTML. 2983 2984Tags are generated for `title' as well as `h1', `h2', and `h3'. Also, 2985when `name=' is used inside an anchor and whenever `id=' is used. 2986 2987**** New language PHP. 2988 2989Functions, classes and defines are tags. If the --members option is 2990specified to etags, variables are tags also. 2991 2992**** New language Lua. 2993 2994All functions are tagged. 2995 2996**** The `::' qualifier triggers C++ parsing in C file. 2997 2998Previously, only the `template' and `class' keywords had this effect. 2999 3000**** The GCC __attribute__ keyword is now recognized and ignored. 3001 3002**** In C and derived languages, etags creates tags for #undef 3003 3004**** In Makefiles, constants are tagged. 3005 3006If you want the old behavior instead, thus avoiding to increase the 3007size of the tags file, use the --no-globals option. 3008 3009**** In Perl, packages are tags. 3010 3011Subroutine tags are named from their package. You can jump to sub tags 3012as you did before, by the sub name, or additionally by looking for 3013package::sub. 3014 3015**** In Prolog, etags creates tags for rules in addition to predicates. 3016 3017**** New default keywords for TeX. 3018 3019The new keywords are def, newcommand, renewcommand, newenvironment and 3020renewenvironment. 3021 3022*** Honor #line directives. 3023 3024When Etags parses an input file that contains C preprocessor's #line 3025directives, it creates tags using the file name and line number 3026specified in those directives. This is useful when dealing with code 3027created from Cweb source files. When Etags tags the generated file, it 3028writes tags pointing to the source file. 3029 3030*** New option --parse-stdin=FILE. 3031 3032This option is mostly useful when calling etags from programs. It can 3033be used (only once) in place of a file name on the command line. Etags 3034reads from standard input and marks the produced tags as belonging to 3035the file FILE. 3036 3037*** The --members option is now the default. 3038 3039Use --no-members if you want the old default behaviour of not tagging 3040struct members in C, members variables in C++ and variables in PHP. 3041 3042** Ctags changes. 3043 3044*** Ctags now allows duplicate tags 3045 3046** Rmail changes 3047 3048*** Support for `movemail' from GNU mailutils was added to Rmail. 3049 3050This version of `movemail' allows you to read mail from a wide range of 3051mailbox formats, including remote POP3 and IMAP4 mailboxes with or 3052without TLS encryption. If GNU mailutils is installed on the system 3053and its version of `movemail' can be found in exec-path, it will be 3054used instead of the native one. 3055 3056*** The new commands rmail-end-of-message and rmail-summary end-of-message, 3057by default bound to `/', go to the end of the current mail message in 3058Rmail and Rmail summary buffers. 3059 3060*** Rmail now displays 5-digit message ids in its summary buffer. 3061 3062** Gnus package 3063 3064*** Gnus now includes Sieve and PGG 3065 3066Sieve is a library for managing Sieve scripts. PGG is a library to handle 3067PGP/MIME. 3068 3069*** There are many news features, bug fixes and improvements. 3070 3071See the file GNUS-NEWS or the node "Oort Gnus" in the Gnus manual for details. 3072 3073** MH-E changes. 3074 3075Upgraded to MH-E version 8.0.3. There have been major changes since 3076version 5.0.2; see MH-E-NEWS for details. 3077 3078** Miscellaneous mail changes 3079 3080*** The new variable `mail-default-directory' specifies 3081`default-directory' for mail buffers. This directory is used for 3082auto-save files of mail buffers. It defaults to "~/". 3083 3084*** The mode line can indicate new mail in a directory or file. 3085 3086See the documentation of the user option `display-time-mail-directory'. 3087 3088** Calendar changes 3089 3090*** There is a new calendar package, icalendar.el, that can be used to 3091convert Emacs diary entries to/from the iCalendar format. 3092 3093*** The new package cal-html.el writes HTML files with calendar and 3094diary entries. 3095 3096*** The new functions `diary-from-outlook', `diary-from-outlook-gnus', 3097and `diary-from-outlook-rmail' can be used to import diary entries 3098from Outlook-format appointments in mail messages. The variable 3099`diary-outlook-formats' can be customized to recognize additional 3100formats. 3101 3102*** The procedure for activating appointment reminders has changed: 3103use the new function `appt-activate'. The new variable 3104`appt-display-format' controls how reminders are displayed, replacing 3105`appt-issue-message', `appt-visible', and `appt-msg-window'. 3106 3107*** The function `simple-diary-display' now by default sets a header line. 3108This can be controlled through the variables `diary-header-line-flag' 3109and `diary-header-line-format'. 3110 3111*** Diary sexp entries can have custom marking in the calendar. 3112Diary sexp functions which only apply to certain days (such as 3113`diary-block' or `diary-cyclic') now take an optional parameter MARK, 3114which is the name of a face or a single-character string indicating 3115how to highlight the day in the calendar display. Specifying a 3116single-character string as @var{mark} places the character next to the 3117day in the calendar. Specifying a face highlights the day with that 3118face. This lets you have different colors or markings for vacations, 3119appointments, paydays or anything else using a sexp. 3120 3121*** The meanings of C-x < and C-x > have been interchanged. 3122< means to scroll backward in time, and > means to scroll forward. 3123 3124*** You can now use < and >, instead of C-x < and C-x >, to scroll 3125the calendar left or right. 3126 3127*** The new function `calendar-goto-day-of-year' (g D) prompts for a 3128year and day number, and moves to that date. Negative day numbers 3129count backward from the end of the year. 3130 3131*** The new Calendar function `calendar-goto-iso-week' (g w) 3132prompts for a year and a week number, and moves to the first 3133day of that ISO week. 3134 3135*** The functions `holiday-easter-etc' and `holiday-advent' now take 3136optional arguments, in order to only report on the specified holiday 3137rather than all. This makes customization of variables such as 3138`christian-holidays' simpler. 3139 3140*** The new variable `calendar-minimum-window-height' affects the 3141window generated by the function `generate-calendar-window'. 3142 3143** Speedbar changes 3144 3145*** Speedbar items can now be selected by clicking mouse-1, based on 3146the `mouse-1-click-follows-link' mechanism. 3147 3148*** The new command `speedbar-toggle-line-expansion', bound to SPC, 3149contracts or expands the line under the cursor. 3150 3151*** New command `speedbar-create-directory', bound to `M'. 3152 3153*** The new commands `speedbar-expand-line-descendants' and 3154`speedbar-contract-line-descendants', bound to `[' and `]' 3155respectively, expand and contract the line under cursor with all of 3156its descendents. 3157 3158*** The new user option `speedbar-use-tool-tips-flag', if non-nil, 3159means to display tool-tips for speedbar items. 3160 3161*** The new user option `speedbar-query-confirmation-method' controls 3162how querying is performed for file operations. A value of 'always 3163means to always query before file operations; 'none-but-delete means 3164to not query before any file operations, except before a file 3165deletion. 3166 3167*** The new user option `speedbar-select-frame-method' specifies how 3168to select a frame for displaying a file opened with the speedbar. A 3169value of 'attached means to use the attached frame (the frame that 3170speedbar was started from.) A number such as 1 or -1 means to pass 3171that number to `other-frame'. 3172 3173*** SPC and DEL are no longer bound to scroll up/down in the speedbar 3174keymap. 3175 3176*** The frame management code in speedbar.el has been split into a new 3177`dframe' library. Emacs Lisp code that makes use of the speedbar 3178should use `dframe-attached-frame' instead of 3179`speedbar-attached-frame', `dframe-timer' instead of `speedbar-timer', 3180`dframe-close-frame' instead of `speedbar-close-frame', and 3181`dframe-activity-change-focus-flag' instead of 3182`speedbar-activity-change-focus-flag'. The variables 3183`speedbar-update-speed' and `speedbar-navigating-speed' are also 3184obsolete; use `dframe-update-speed' instead. 3185 3186** battery.el changes 3187 3188*** display-battery-mode replaces display-battery. 3189 3190*** battery.el now works on recent versions of OS X. 3191 3192** Games 3193 3194*** The game `mpuz' is enhanced. 3195 3196`mpuz' now allows the 2nd factor not to have two identical digits. By 3197default, all trivial operations involving whole lines are performed 3198automatically. The game uses faces for better visual feedback. 3199 3200** Obsolete and deleted packages 3201 3202*** fast-lock.el and lazy-lock.el are obsolete. Use jit-lock.el instead. 3203 3204*** iso-acc.el is now obsolete. Use one of the latin input methods instead. 3205 3206*** zone-mode.el is now obsolete. Use dns-mode.el instead. 3207 3208*** cplus-md.el has been deleted. 3209 3210** Miscellaneous 3211 3212*** The variable `woman-topic-at-point' is renamed 3213to `woman-use-topic-at-point' and behaves differently: if this 3214variable is non-nil, the `woman' command uses the word at point 3215automatically, without asking for a confirmation. Otherwise, the word 3216at point is suggested as default, but not inserted at the prompt. 3217 3218*** You can now customize `fill-nobreak-predicate' to control where 3219filling can break lines. The value is now normally a list of 3220functions, but it can also be a single function, for compatibility. 3221 3222Emacs provide two predicates, `fill-single-word-nobreak-p' and 3223`fill-french-nobreak-p', for use as the value of 3224`fill-nobreak-predicate'. 3225 3226*** M-x view-file and commands that use it now avoid interfering 3227with special modes such as Tar mode. 3228 3229*** `global-whitespace-mode' is a new alias for `whitespace-global-mode'. 3230 3231*** The saveplace.el package now filters out unreadable files. 3232 3233When you exit Emacs, the saved positions in visited files no longer 3234include files that aren't readable, e.g. files that don't exist. 3235Customize the new option `save-place-forget-unreadable-files' to nil 3236to get the old behavior. The new options `save-place-save-skipped' 3237and `save-place-skip-check-regexp' allow further fine-tuning of this 3238feature. 3239 3240*** Commands `winner-redo' and `winner-undo', from winner.el, are now 3241bound to C-c <left> and C-c <right>, respectively. This is an 3242incompatible change. 3243 3244*** The type-break package now allows `type-break-file-name' to be nil 3245and if so, doesn't store any data across sessions. This is handy if 3246you don't want the `.type-break' file in your home directory or are 3247annoyed by the need for interaction when you kill Emacs. 3248 3249*** `ps-print' can now print characters from the mule-unicode charsets. 3250 3251Printing text with characters from the mule-unicode-* sets works with 3252`ps-print', provided that you have installed the appropriate BDF 3253fonts. See the file INSTALL for URLs where you can find these fonts. 3254 3255*** New command `strokes-global-set-stroke-string'. 3256This is like `strokes-global-set-stroke', but it allows you to bind 3257the stroke directly to a string to insert. This is convenient for 3258using strokes as an input method. 3259 3260*** In Outline mode, `hide-body' no longer hides lines at the top 3261of the file that precede the first header line. 3262 3263*** `hide-ifdef-mode' now uses overlays rather than selective-display 3264to hide its text. This should be mostly transparent but slightly 3265changes the behavior of motion commands like C-e and C-p. 3266 3267*** In Artist mode the variable `artist-text-renderer' has been 3268renamed to `artist-text-renderer-function'. The old name is still 3269available as alias. 3270 3271*** In Enriched mode, `set-left-margin' and `set-right-margin' are now 3272by default bound to `C-c [' and `C-c ]' instead of the former `C-c C-l' 3273and `C-c C-r'. 3274 3275*** `partial-completion-mode' now handles partial completion on directory names. 3276 3277*** You can now disable pc-selection-mode after enabling it. 3278 3279M-x pc-selection-mode behaves like a proper minor mode, and with no 3280argument it toggles the mode. Turning off PC-Selection mode restores 3281the global key bindings that were replaced by turning on the mode. 3282 3283*** `uniquify-strip-common-suffix' tells uniquify to prefer 3284`file|dir1' and `file|dir2' to `file|dir1/subdir' and `file|dir2/subdir'. 3285 3286*** New user option `add-log-always-start-new-record'. 3287 3288When this option is enabled, M-x add-change-log-entry always 3289starts a new record regardless of when the last record is. 3290 3291*** M-x compare-windows now can automatically skip non-matching text to 3292resync points in both windows. 3293 3294*** PO translation files are decoded according to their MIME headers 3295when Emacs visits them. 3296 3297*** Telnet now prompts you for a port number with C-u M-x telnet. 3298 3299*** calculator.el now has radix grouping mode. 3300 3301To enable this, set `calculator-output-radix' non-nil. In this mode a 3302separator character is used every few digits, making it easier to see 3303byte boundaries etc. For more info, see the documentation of the 3304variable `calculator-radix-grouping-mode'. 3305 3306*** LDAP support now defaults to ldapsearch from OpenLDAP version 2. 3307 3308*** The terminal emulation code in term.el has been improved; it can 3309run most curses applications now. 3310 3311*** Support for `magic cookie' standout modes has been removed. 3312 3313Emacs still works on terminals that require magic cookies in order to 3314use standout mode, but they can no longer display mode-lines in 3315inverse-video. 3316 3317 3318* Changes in Emacs 22.1 on non-free operating systems 3319 3320** The HOME directory defaults to Application Data under the user profile. 3321 3322If you used a previous version of Emacs without setting the HOME 3323environment variable and a `.emacs' was saved, then Emacs will continue 3324using C:/ as the default HOME. But if you are installing Emacs afresh, 3325the default location will be the "Application Data" (or similar 3326localized name) subdirectory of your user profile. A typical location 3327of this directory is "C:\Documents and Settings\USERNAME\Application Data", 3328where USERNAME is your user name. 3329 3330This change means that users can now have their own `.emacs' files on 3331shared computers, and the default HOME directory is less likely to be 3332read-only on computers that are administered by someone else. 3333 3334** Images are now supported on MS Windows. 3335 3336PBM and XBM images are supported out of the box. Other image formats 3337depend on external libraries. All of these libraries have been ported 3338to Windows, and can be found in both source and binary form at 3339http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/. Note that libpng also depends on 3340zlib, and tiff depends on the version of jpeg that it was compiled 3341against. For additional information, see nt/INSTALL. 3342 3343** Sound is now supported on MS Windows. 3344 3345WAV format is supported on all versions of Windows, other formats such 3346as AU, AIFF and MP3 may be supported in the more recent versions of 3347Windows, or when other software provides hooks into the system level 3348sound support for those formats. 3349 3350** Tooltips now work on MS Windows. 3351 3352See the Emacs 21.1 NEWS entry for tooltips for details. 3353 3354** Pointing devices with more than 3 buttons are now supported on MS Windows. 3355 3356The new variable `w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system' controls 3357whether Emacs should handle the extra buttons itself (the default), or 3358pass them to Windows to be handled with system-wide functions. 3359 3360** Passing resources on the command line now works on MS Windows. 3361 3362You can use --xrm to pass resource settings to Emacs, overriding any 3363existing values. For example: 3364 3365 emacs --xrm "Emacs.Background:red" --xrm "Emacs.Geometry:100x20" 3366 3367will start up Emacs on an initial frame of 100x20 with red background, 3368irrespective of geometry or background setting on the Windows registry. 3369 3370** Emacs takes note of colors defined in Control Panel on MS-Windows. 3371 3372The Control Panel defines some default colors for applications in much 3373the same way as wildcard X Resources do on X. Emacs now adds these 3374colors to the colormap prefixed by System (eg SystemMenu for the 3375default Menu background, SystemMenuText for the foreground), and uses 3376some of them to initialize some of the default faces. 3377`list-colors-display' shows the list of System color names, in case 3378you wish to use them in other faces. 3379 3380** Running in a console window in Windows now uses the console size. 3381 3382Previous versions of Emacs erred on the side of having a usable Emacs 3383through telnet, even though that was inconvenient if you use Emacs in 3384a local console window with a scrollback buffer. The default value of 3385w32-use-full-screen-buffer is now nil, which favors local console 3386windows. Recent versions of Windows telnet also work well with this 3387setting. If you are using an older telnet server then Emacs detects 3388that the console window dimensions that are reported are not sane, and 3389defaults to 80x25. If you use such a telnet server regularly at a size 3390other than 80x25, you can still manually set 3391w32-use-full-screen-buffer to t. 3392 3393** Different shaped mouse pointers are supported on MS Windows. 3394 3395The mouse pointer changes shape depending on what is under the pointer. 3396 3397** On MS Windows, the "system caret" now follows the cursor. 3398 3399This enables Emacs to work better with programs that need to track the 3400cursor, for example screen magnifiers and text to speech programs. 3401When such a program is in use, the system caret is made visible 3402instead of Emacs drawing its own cursor. This seems to be required by 3403some programs. The new variable w32-use-visible-system-caret allows 3404the caret visibility to be manually toggled. 3405 3406** On MS Windows NT/W2K/XP, Emacs uses Unicode for clipboard operations. 3407 3408Those systems use Unicode internally, so this allows Emacs to share 3409multilingual text with other applications. On other versions of 3410MS Windows, Emacs now uses the appropriate locale coding-system, so 3411the clipboard should work correctly for your local language without 3412any customizations. 3413 3414** On Mac OS, `keyboard-coding-system' changes based on the keyboard script. 3415 3416** The variable `mac-keyboard-text-encoding' and the constants 3417`kTextEncodingMacRoman', `kTextEncodingISOLatin1', and 3418`kTextEncodingISOLatin2' are obsolete. 3419 3420** The variable `mac-command-key-is-meta' is obsolete. Use 3421`mac-command-modifier' and `mac-option-modifier' instead. 3422 3423* Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1 3424 3425** Mode line display ignores text properties as well as the 3426:propertize and :eval forms in the value of a variable whose 3427`risky-local-variable' property is nil. 3428 3429The function `comint-send-input' now accepts 3 optional arguments: 3430 3431 (comint-send-input &optional no-newline artificial) 3432 3433Callers sending input not from the user should use bind the 3rd 3434argument `artificial' to a non-nil value, to prevent Emacs from 3435deleting the part of subprocess output that matches the input. 3436 3437** The `read-file-name' function now returns a null string if the 3438user just types RET. 3439 3440** The variables post-command-idle-hook and post-command-idle-delay have 3441been removed. Use run-with-idle-timer instead. 3442 3443** A hex or octal escape in a string constant forces the string to 3444be multibyte or unibyte, respectively. 3445 3446** The explicit method of creating a display table element by 3447combining a face number and a character code into a numeric 3448glyph code is deprecated. 3449 3450Instead, the new functions `make-glyph-code', `glyph-char', and 3451`glyph-face' must be used to create and decode glyph codes in 3452display tables. 3453 3454** `suppress-keymap' now works by remapping `self-insert-command' to 3455the command `undefined'. (In earlier Emacs versions, it used 3456`substitute-key-definition' to rebind self inserting characters to 3457`undefined'.) 3458 3459** The third argument of `accept-process-output' is now milliseconds. 3460It used to be microseconds. 3461 3462** The function find-operation-coding-system may be called with a cons 3463(FILENAME . BUFFER) in the second argument if the first argument 3464OPERATION is `insert-file-contents', and thus a function registered in 3465`file-coding-system-alist' is also called with such an argument. 3466 3467** When Emacs receives a USR1 or USR2 signal, this generates 3468input events: sigusr1 or sigusr2. Use special-event-map to 3469handle these events. 3470 3471** The variable `memory-full' now remains t until 3472there is no longer a shortage of memory. 3473 3474** Support for Mocklisp has been removed. 3475 3476 3477* Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1 3478 3479** General Lisp changes: 3480 3481*** New syntax: \s now stands for the SPACE character. 3482 3483`?\s' is a new way to write the space character. You must make sure 3484it is not followed by a dash, since `?\s-...' indicates the "super" 3485modifier. However, it would be strange to write a character constant 3486and a following symbol (beginning with `-') with no space between 3487them. 3488 3489`\s' stands for space in strings, too, but it is not really meant for 3490strings; it is easier and nicer just to write a space. 3491 3492*** New syntax: \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX specify Unicode code points in hex. 3493 3494For instance, you can use "\u0428" to specify a string consisting of 3495CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA, or `"U0001D6E2" to specify one consisting 3496of MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL ALPHA (the latter is greater than 3497#xFFFF and thus needs the longer syntax). 3498 3499This syntax works for both character constants and strings. 3500 3501*** New function `unsafep' determines whether a Lisp form is safe. 3502 3503It returns nil if the given Lisp form can't possibly do anything 3504dangerous; otherwise it returns a reason why the form might be unsafe 3505(calls unknown function, alters global variable, etc.). 3506 3507*** The function `eql' is now available without requiring the CL package. 3508 3509*** The new function `memql' is like `memq', but uses `eql' for comparison, 3510that is, floats are compared by value and other elements with `eq'. 3511 3512*** New functions `string-or-null-p' and `booleanp'. 3513 3514`string-or-null-p' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is a string or nil. 3515`booleanp' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is t or nil. 3516 3517*** `makehash' is now obsolete. Use `make-hash-table' instead. 3518 3519*** Minor change in the function `format'. 3520 3521Some flags that were accepted but not implemented (such as "*") are no 3522longer accepted. 3523 3524*** `add-to-list' takes an optional third argument, APPEND. 3525 3526If APPEND is non-nil, the new element gets added at the end of the 3527list instead of at the beginning. This change actually occurred in 3528Emacs 21.1, but was not documented then. 3529 3530*** New function `add-to-ordered-list' is like `add-to-list' but 3531associates a numeric ordering of each element added to the list. 3532 3533*** New function `add-to-history' adds an element to a history list. 3534 3535Lisp packages should use this function to add elements to their 3536history lists. 3537 3538If `history-delete-duplicates' is non-nil, it removes duplicates of 3539the new element from the history list it updates. 3540 3541*** New function `copy-tree' makes a copy of a tree. 3542 3543It recursively copies through both CARs and CDRs. 3544 3545*** New function `delete-dups' deletes `equal' duplicate elements from a list. 3546 3547It modifies the list destructively, like `delete'. Of several `equal' 3548occurrences of an element in the list, the one that's kept is the 3549first one. 3550 3551*** New function `rassq-delete-all'. 3552 3553(rassq-delete-all VALUE ALIST) deletes, from ALIST, each element whose 3554CDR is `eq' to the specified value. 3555 3556*** Functions `get' and `plist-get' no longer give errors for bad plists. 3557 3558They return nil for a malformed property list or if the list is 3559cyclic. 3560 3561*** New functions `lax-plist-get' and `lax-plist-put'. 3562 3563They are like `plist-get' and `plist-put', except that they compare 3564the property name using `equal' rather than `eq'. 3565 3566*** The function `number-sequence' makes a list of equally-separated numbers. 3567 3568For instance, (number-sequence 4 9) returns (4 5 6 7 8 9). By 3569default, the separation is 1, but you can specify a different 3570separation as the third argument. (number-sequence 1.5 6 2) returns 3571(1.5 3.5 5.5). 3572 3573*** New variables `most-positive-fixnum' and `most-negative-fixnum'. 3574 3575They hold the largest and smallest possible integer values. 3576 3577*** The function `expt' handles negative exponents differently. 3578The value for `(expt A B)', if both A and B are integers and B is 3579negative, is now a float. For example: (expt 2 -2) => 0.25. 3580 3581*** The function `atan' now accepts an optional second argument. 3582 3583When called with 2 arguments, as in `(atan Y X)', `atan' returns the 3584angle in radians between the vector [X, Y] and the X axis. (This is 3585equivalent to the standard C library function `atan2'.) 3586 3587*** New macro `with-case-table' 3588 3589This executes the body with the case table temporarily set to a given 3590case table. 3591 3592*** New macro `with-local-quit' temporarily allows quitting. 3593 3594A quit inside the body of `with-local-quit' is caught by the 3595`with-local-quit' form itself, but another quit will happen later once 3596the code that has inhibited quitting exits. 3597 3598This is for use around potentially blocking or long-running code 3599inside timer functions and `post-command-hook' functions. 3600 3601*** New macro `define-obsolete-function-alias'. 3602 3603This combines `defalias' and `make-obsolete'. 3604 3605*** New macro `eval-at-startup' specifies expressions to 3606evaluate when Emacs starts up. If this is done after startup, 3607it evaluates those expressions immediately. 3608 3609This is useful in packages that can be preloaded. 3610 3611*** New function `macroexpand-all' expands all macros in a form. 3612 3613It is similar to the Common-Lisp function of the same name. 3614One difference is that it guarantees to return the original argument 3615if no expansion is done, which can be tested using `eq'. 3616 3617*** A function or macro's doc string can now specify the calling pattern. 3618 3619You put this info in the doc string's last line. It should be 3620formatted so as to match the regexp "\n\n(fn .*)\\'". If you don't 3621specify this explicitly, Emacs determines it from the actual argument 3622names. Usually that default is right, but not always. 3623 3624*** New variable `print-continuous-numbering'. 3625 3626When this is non-nil, successive calls to print functions use a single 3627numbering scheme for circular structure references. This is only 3628relevant when `print-circle' is non-nil. 3629 3630When you bind `print-continuous-numbering' to t, you should 3631also bind `print-number-table' to nil. 3632 3633*** `list-faces-display' takes an optional argument, REGEXP. 3634 3635If it is non-nil, the function lists only faces matching this regexp. 3636 3637*** New hook `command-error-function'. 3638 3639By setting this variable to a function, you can control 3640how the editor command loop shows the user an error message. 3641 3642*** `debug-on-entry' accepts primitive functions that are not special forms. 3643 3644** Lisp code indentation features: 3645 3646*** The `defmacro' form can contain indentation and edebug declarations. 3647 3648These declarations specify how to indent the macro calls in Lisp mode 3649and how to debug them with Edebug. You write them like this: 3650 3651 (defmacro NAME LAMBDA-LIST [DOC-STRING] [DECLARATION ...] ...) 3652 3653DECLARATION is a list `(declare DECLARATION-SPECIFIER ...)'. The 3654possible declaration specifiers are: 3655 3656(indent INDENT) 3657 Set NAME's `lisp-indent-function' property to INDENT. 3658 3659(edebug DEBUG) 3660 Set NAME's `edebug-form-spec' property to DEBUG. (This is 3661 equivalent to writing a `def-edebug-spec' for the macro, 3662 but this is cleaner.) 3663 3664*** cl-indent now allows customization of Indentation of backquoted forms. 3665 3666See the new user option `lisp-backquote-indentation'. 3667 3668*** cl-indent now handles indentation of simple and extended `loop' forms. 3669 3670The new user options `lisp-loop-keyword-indentation', 3671`lisp-loop-forms-indentation', and `lisp-simple-loop-indentation' can 3672be used to customize the indentation of keywords and forms in loop 3673forms. 3674 3675** Variable aliases: 3676 3677*** New function: defvaralias ALIAS-VAR BASE-VAR [DOCSTRING] 3678 3679This function defines the symbol ALIAS-VAR as a variable alias for 3680symbol BASE-VAR. This means that retrieving the value of ALIAS-VAR 3681returns the value of BASE-VAR, and changing the value of ALIAS-VAR 3682changes the value of BASE-VAR. 3683 3684DOCSTRING, if present, is the documentation for ALIAS-VAR; else it has 3685the same documentation as BASE-VAR. 3686 3687*** The macro `define-obsolete-variable-alias' combines `defvaralias' and 3688`make-obsolete-variable'. 3689 3690*** New function: indirect-variable VARIABLE 3691 3692This function returns the variable at the end of the chain of aliases 3693of VARIABLE. If VARIABLE is not a symbol, or if VARIABLE is not 3694defined as an alias, the function returns VARIABLE. 3695 3696It might be noteworthy that variables aliases work for all kinds of 3697variables, including buffer-local and frame-local variables. 3698 3699** defcustom changes: 3700 3701*** The package-version keyword has been added to provide 3702`customize-changed-options' functionality to packages in the future. 3703Developers who make use of this keyword must also update the new 3704variable `customize-package-emacs-version-alist'. 3705 3706*** The new customization type `float' requires a floating point number. 3707 3708** String changes: 3709 3710*** A hex escape in a string constant forces the string to be multibyte. 3711 3712*** An octal escape in a string constant forces the string to be unibyte. 3713 3714*** New function `string-to-multibyte' converts a unibyte string to a 3715multibyte string with the same individual character codes. 3716 3717*** `split-string' now includes null substrings in the returned list if 3718the optional argument SEPARATORS is non-nil and there are matches for 3719SEPARATORS at the beginning or end of the string. If SEPARATORS is 3720nil, or if the new optional third argument OMIT-NULLS is non-nil, all 3721empty matches are omitted from the returned list. 3722 3723*** The new function `assoc-string' replaces `assoc-ignore-case' and 3724`assoc-ignore-representation', which are still available, but have 3725been declared obsolete. 3726 3727*** New function `substring-no-properties' returns a substring without 3728text properties. 3729 3730** Displaying warnings to the user. 3731 3732See the functions `warn' and `display-warning', or the Lisp Manual. 3733If you want to be sure the warning will not be overlooked, this 3734facility is much better than using `message', since it displays 3735warnings in a separate window. 3736 3737** Progress reporters. 3738 3739These provide a simple and uniform way for commands to present 3740progress messages for the user. 3741 3742See the new functions `make-progress-reporter', 3743`progress-reporter-update', `progress-reporter-force-update', 3744`progress-reporter-done', and `dotimes-with-progress-reporter'. 3745 3746** Buffer positions: 3747 3748*** Function `compute-motion' now calculates the usable window 3749width if the WIDTH argument is nil. If the TOPOS argument is nil, 3750the usable window height and width is used. 3751 3752*** The `line-move', `scroll-up', and `scroll-down' functions will now 3753modify the window vscroll to scroll through display rows that are 3754taller that the height of the window, for example in the presence of 3755large images. To disable this feature, bind the new variable 3756`auto-window-vscroll' to nil. 3757 3758*** The argument to `forward-word', `backward-word' is optional. 3759 3760It defaults to 1. 3761 3762*** Argument to `forward-to-indentation' and `backward-to-indentation' is optional. 3763 3764It defaults to 1. 3765 3766*** `field-beginning' and `field-end' take new optional argument, LIMIT. 3767 3768This argument tells them not to search beyond LIMIT. Instead they 3769give up and return LIMIT. 3770 3771*** New function `window-line-height' is an efficient way to get 3772information about a specific text line in a window provided that the 3773window's display is up-to-date. 3774 3775*** New function `line-number-at-pos' returns the line number of a position. 3776 3777It an optional buffer position argument that defaults to point. 3778 3779*** Function `pos-visible-in-window-p' now returns the pixel coordinates 3780and partial visibility state of the corresponding row, if the PARTIALLY 3781arg is non-nil. 3782 3783*** New functions `posn-at-point' and `posn-at-x-y' return 3784click-event-style position information for a given visible buffer 3785position or for a given window pixel coordinate. 3786 3787*** New function `mouse-on-link-p' tests if a position is in a clickable link. 3788 3789This is the function used by the new `mouse-1-click-follows-link' 3790functionality. 3791 3792** Text modification: 3793 3794*** The new function `buffer-chars-modified-tick' returns a buffer's 3795tick counter for changes to characters. Each time text in that buffer 3796is inserted or deleted, the character-change counter is updated to the 3797tick counter (`buffer-modified-tick'). Text property changes leave it 3798unchanged. 3799 3800*** The new function `insert-for-yank' normally works like `insert', but 3801removes the text properties in the `yank-excluded-properties' list 3802and handles the `yank-handler' text property. 3803 3804*** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-as-yank' is like 3805`insert-for-yank' except that it gets the text from another buffer as 3806in `insert-buffer-substring'. 3807 3808*** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-no-properties' is like 3809`insert-buffer-substring', but removes all text properties from the 3810inserted substring. 3811 3812*** The new function `filter-buffer-substring' extracts a buffer 3813substring, passes it through a set of filter functions, and returns 3814the filtered substring. Use it instead of `buffer-substring' or 3815`delete-and-extract-region' when copying text into a user-accessible 3816data structure, such as the kill-ring, X clipboard, or a register. 3817 3818The list of filter function is specified by the new variable 3819`buffer-substring-filters'. For example, Longlines mode adds to 3820`buffer-substring-filters' to remove soft newlines from the copied 3821text. 3822 3823*** Function `translate-region' accepts also a char-table as TABLE 3824argument. 3825 3826*** The new translation table `translation-table-for-input' 3827is used for customizing self-insertion. The character to 3828be inserted is translated through it. 3829 3830*** Text clones. 3831 3832The new function `text-clone-create'. Text clones are chunks of text 3833that are kept identical by transparently propagating changes from one 3834clone to the other. 3835 3836*** The function `insert-string' is now obsolete. 3837 3838** Filling changes. 3839 3840*** In determining an adaptive fill prefix, Emacs now tries the function in 3841`adaptive-fill-function' _before_ matching the buffer line against 3842`adaptive-fill-regexp' rather than _after_ it. 3843 3844** Atomic change groups. 3845 3846To perform some changes in the current buffer "atomically" so that 3847they either all succeed or are all undone, use `atomic-change-group' 3848around the code that makes changes. For instance: 3849 3850 (atomic-change-group 3851 (insert foo) 3852 (delete-region x y)) 3853 3854If an error (or other nonlocal exit) occurs inside the body of 3855`atomic-change-group', it unmakes all the changes in that buffer that 3856were during the execution of the body. The change group has no effect 3857on any other buffers--any such changes remain. 3858 3859If you need something more sophisticated, you can directly call the 3860lower-level functions that `atomic-change-group' uses. Here is how. 3861 3862To set up a change group for one buffer, call `prepare-change-group'. 3863Specify the buffer as argument; it defaults to the current buffer. 3864This function returns a "handle" for the change group. You must save 3865the handle to activate the change group and then finish it. 3866 3867Before you change the buffer again, you must activate the change 3868group. Pass the handle to `activate-change-group' afterward to 3869do this. 3870 3871After you make the changes, you must finish the change group. You can 3872either accept the changes or cancel them all. Call 3873`accept-change-group' to accept the changes in the group as final; 3874call `cancel-change-group' to undo them all. 3875 3876You should use `unwind-protect' to make sure the group is always 3877finished. The call to `activate-change-group' should be inside the 3878`unwind-protect', in case the user types C-g just after it runs. 3879(This is one reason why `prepare-change-group' and 3880`activate-change-group' are separate functions.) Once you finish the 3881group, don't use the handle again--don't try to finish the same group 3882twice. 3883 3884To make a multibuffer change group, call `prepare-change-group' once 3885for each buffer you want to cover, then use `nconc' to combine the 3886returned values, like this: 3887 3888 (nconc (prepare-change-group buffer-1) 3889 (prepare-change-group buffer-2)) 3890 3891You can then activate the multibuffer change group with a single call 3892to `activate-change-group', and finish it with a single call to 3893`accept-change-group' or `cancel-change-group'. 3894 3895Nested use of several change groups for the same buffer works as you 3896would expect. Non-nested use of change groups for the same buffer 3897will lead to undesirable results, so don't let it happen; the first 3898change group you start for any given buffer should be the last one 3899finished. 3900 3901** Buffer-related changes: 3902 3903*** The new function `buffer-local-value' returns the buffer-local 3904binding of VARIABLE (a symbol) in buffer BUFFER. If VARIABLE does not 3905have a buffer-local binding in buffer BUFFER, it returns the default 3906value of VARIABLE instead. 3907 3908*** `list-buffers-noselect' now takes an additional argument, BUFFER-LIST. 3909 3910If it is non-nil, it specifies which buffers to list. 3911 3912*** `kill-buffer-hook' is now a permanent local. 3913 3914*** The function `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' now lets you maintain 3915various status records in parallel. 3916 3917It takes a variable (a symbol) as argument. If the variable is non-nil, 3918then its value should be a vector installed previously by 3919`frame-or-buffer-changed-p'. If the frame names, buffer names, buffer 3920order, or their read-only or modified flags have changed, since the 3921time the vector's contents were recorded by a previous call to 3922`frame-or-buffer-changed-p', then the function returns t. Otherwise 3923it returns nil. 3924 3925On the first call to `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', the variable's 3926value should be nil. `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' stores a suitable 3927vector into the variable and returns t. 3928 3929If the variable is itself nil, then `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' uses, 3930for compatibility, an internal variable which exists only for this 3931purpose. 3932 3933*** The function `read-buffer' follows the convention for reading from 3934the minibuffer with a default value: if DEF is non-nil, the minibuffer 3935prompt provided in PROMPT is edited to show the default value provided 3936in DEF before the terminal colon and space. 3937 3938** Searching and matching changes: 3939 3940*** New function `looking-back' checks whether a regular expression matches 3941the text before point. Specifying the LIMIT argument bounds how far 3942back the match can start; this is a way to keep it from taking too long. 3943 3944*** The new variable `search-spaces-regexp' controls how to search 3945for spaces in a regular expression. If it is non-nil, it should be a 3946regular expression, and any series of spaces stands for that regular 3947expression. If it is nil, spaces stand for themselves. 3948 3949Spaces inside of constructs such as `[..]' and inside loops such as 3950`*', `+', and `?' are never replaced with `search-spaces-regexp'. 3951 3952*** New regular expression operators, `\_<' and `\_>'. 3953 3954These match the beginning and end of a symbol. A symbol is a 3955non-empty sequence of either word or symbol constituent characters, as 3956specified by the syntax table. 3957 3958*** `skip-chars-forward' and `skip-chars-backward' now handle 3959character classes such as `[:alpha:]', along with individual 3960characters and ranges. 3961 3962*** In `replace-match', the replacement text no longer inherits 3963properties from surrounding text. 3964 3965*** The list returned by `(match-data t)' now has the buffer as a final 3966element, if the last match was on a buffer. `set-match-data' 3967accepts such a list for restoring the match state. 3968 3969*** Functions `match-data' and `set-match-data' now have an optional 3970argument `reseat'. When non-nil, all markers in the match data list 3971passed to these functions will be reseated to point to nowhere. 3972 3973*** rx.el has new corresponding `symbol-start' and `symbol-end' elements. 3974 3975*** The default value of `sentence-end' is now defined using the new 3976variable `sentence-end-without-space', which contains such characters 3977that end a sentence without following spaces. 3978 3979The function `sentence-end' should be used to obtain the value of the 3980variable `sentence-end'. If the variable `sentence-end' is nil, then 3981this function returns the regexp constructed from the variables 3982`sentence-end-without-period', `sentence-end-double-space' and 3983`sentence-end-without-space'. 3984 3985** Undo changes: 3986 3987*** `buffer-undo-list' allows programmable elements. 3988 3989These elements have the form (apply FUNNAME . ARGS), where FUNNAME is 3990a symbol other than t or nil. That stands for a high-level change 3991that should be undone by evaluating (apply FUNNAME ARGS). 3992 3993These entries can also have the form (apply DELTA BEG END FUNNAME . ARGS) 3994which indicates that the change which took place was limited to the 3995range BEG...END and increased the buffer size by DELTA. 3996 3997*** If the buffer's undo list for the current command gets longer than 3998`undo-outer-limit', garbage collection empties it. This is to prevent 3999it from using up the available memory and choking Emacs. 4000 4001** Killing and yanking changes: 4002 4003*** New `yank-handler' text property can be used to control how 4004previously killed text on the kill ring is reinserted. 4005 4006The value of the `yank-handler' property must be a list with one to four 4007elements with the following format: 4008 (FUNCTION PARAM NOEXCLUDE UNDO). 4009 4010The `insert-for-yank' function looks for a yank-handler property on 4011the first character on its string argument (typically the first 4012element on the kill-ring). If a `yank-handler' property is found, 4013the normal behavior of `insert-for-yank' is modified in various ways: 4014 4015 When FUNCTION is present and non-nil, it is called instead of `insert' 4016to insert the string. FUNCTION takes one argument--the object to insert. 4017 If PARAM is present and non-nil, it replaces STRING as the object 4018passed to FUNCTION (or `insert'); for example, if FUNCTION is 4019`yank-rectangle', PARAM should be a list of strings to insert as a 4020rectangle. 4021 If NOEXCLUDE is present and non-nil, the normal removal of the 4022`yank-excluded-properties' is not performed; instead FUNCTION is 4023responsible for removing those properties. This may be necessary 4024if FUNCTION adjusts point before or after inserting the object. 4025 If UNDO is present and non-nil, it is a function that will be called 4026by `yank-pop' to undo the insertion of the current object. It is 4027called with two arguments, the start and end of the current region. 4028FUNCTION can set `yank-undo-function' to override the UNDO value. 4029 4030*** The functions `kill-new', `kill-append', and `kill-region' now have an 4031optional argument to specify the `yank-handler' text property to put on 4032the killed text. 4033 4034*** The function `yank-pop' will now use a non-nil value of the variable 4035`yank-undo-function' (instead of `delete-region') to undo the previous 4036`yank' or `yank-pop' command (or a call to `insert-for-yank'). The function 4037`insert-for-yank' automatically sets that variable according to the UNDO 4038element of the string argument's `yank-handler' text property if present. 4039 4040*** The function `insert-for-yank' now supports strings where the 4041`yank-handler' property does not span the first character of the 4042string. The old behavior is available if you call 4043`insert-for-yank-1' instead. 4044 4045** Syntax table changes: 4046 4047*** The new function `syntax-ppss' provides an efficient way to find the 4048current syntactic context at point. 4049 4050*** The new function `syntax-after' returns the syntax code 4051of the character after a specified buffer position, taking account 4052of text properties as well as the character code. 4053 4054*** `syntax-class' extracts the class of a syntax code (as returned 4055by `syntax-after'). 4056 4057*** The macro `with-syntax-table' no longer copies the syntax table. 4058 4059** File operation changes: 4060 4061*** New vars `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' used when 4062searching for an executable or an Emacs Lisp file. 4063 4064*** New function `locate-file' searches for a file in a list of directories. 4065`locate-file' accepts a name of a file to search (a string), and two 4066lists: a list of directories to search in and a list of suffixes to 4067try; typical usage might use `exec-path' and `load-path' for the list 4068of directories, and `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' for the list 4069of suffixes. The function also accepts a predicate argument to 4070further filter candidate files. 4071 4072One advantage of using this function is that the list of suffixes in 4073`exec-suffixes' is OS-dependant, so this function will find 4074executables without polluting Lisp code with OS dependencies. 4075 4076*** The new function `file-remote-p' tests a file name and returns 4077non-nil if it specifies a remote file (one that Emacs accesses using 4078its own special methods and not directly through the file system). 4079The value in that case is an identifier for the remote file system. 4080 4081*** The new hook `before-save-hook' is invoked by `basic-save-buffer' 4082before saving buffers. This allows packages to perform various final 4083tasks. For example, it can be used by the copyright package to make 4084sure saved files have the current year in any copyright headers. 4085 4086*** `file-chase-links' now takes an optional second argument LIMIT which 4087specifies the maximum number of links to chase through. If after that 4088many iterations the file name obtained is still a symbolic link, 4089`file-chase-links' returns it anyway. 4090 4091*** Functions `file-name-sans-extension' and `file-name-extension' now 4092ignore the leading dots in file names, so that file names such as 4093`.emacs' are treated as extensionless. 4094 4095*** If `buffer-save-without-query' is non-nil in some buffer, 4096`save-some-buffers' will always save that buffer without asking (if 4097it's modified). 4098 4099*** `buffer-auto-save-file-format' is the new name for what was 4100formerly called `auto-save-file-format'. It is now a permanent local. 4101 4102*** `visited-file-modtime' and `calendar-time-from-absolute' now return 4103a list of two integers, instead of a cons. 4104 4105*** The precedence of file name handlers has been changed. 4106 4107Instead of choosing the first handler that matches, 4108`find-file-name-handler' now gives precedence to a file name handler 4109that matches nearest the end of the file name. More precisely, the 4110handler whose (match-beginning 0) is the largest is chosen. In case 4111of ties, the old "first matched" rule applies. 4112 4113*** A file name handler can declare which operations it handles. 4114 4115You do this by putting an `operation' property on the handler name 4116symbol. The property value should be a list of the operations that 4117the handler really handles. It won't be called for any other 4118operations. 4119 4120This is useful for autoloaded handlers, to prevent them from being 4121autoloaded when not really necessary. 4122 4123*** The function `make-auto-save-file-name' is now handled by file 4124name handlers. This will be exploited for remote files mainly. 4125 4126*** The function `file-name-completion' accepts an optional argument 4127PREDICATE, and rejects completion candidates that don't satisfy PREDICATE. 4128 4129*** The new primitive `set-file-times' sets a file's access and 4130modification times. Magic file name handlers can handle this 4131operation. 4132 4133** Input changes: 4134 4135*** Functions `y-or-n-p', `read-char', `read-key-sequence' and the like, that 4136display a prompt but don't use the minibuffer, now display the prompt 4137using the text properties (esp. the face) of the prompt string. 4138 4139*** The functions `read-event', `read-char', and `read-char-exclusive' 4140have a new optional argument SECONDS. If non-nil, this specifies a 4141maximum time to wait for input, in seconds. If no input arrives after 4142this time elapses, the functions stop waiting and return nil. 4143 4144*** An interactive specification can now use the code letter `U' to get 4145the up-event that was discarded in case the last key sequence read for a 4146previous `k' or `K' argument was a down-event; otherwise nil is used. 4147 4148*** The new interactive-specification `G' reads a file name 4149much like `F', but if the input is a directory name (even defaulted), 4150it returns just the directory name. 4151 4152*** (while-no-input BODY...) runs BODY, but only so long as no input 4153arrives. If the user types or clicks anything, BODY stops as if a 4154quit had occurred. `while-no-input' returns the value of BODY, if BODY 4155finishes. It returns nil if BODY was aborted by a quit, and t if 4156BODY was aborted by arrival of input. 4157 4158*** `recent-keys' now returns the last 300 keys. 4159 4160** Minibuffer changes: 4161 4162*** The new function `minibufferp' returns non-nil if its optional 4163buffer argument is a minibuffer. If the argument is omitted, it 4164defaults to the current buffer. 4165 4166*** New function `minibuffer-selected-window' returns the window which 4167was selected when entering the minibuffer. 4168 4169*** The `read-file-name' function now takes an additional argument which 4170specifies a predicate which the file name read must satisfy. The 4171new variable `read-file-name-predicate' contains the predicate argument 4172while reading the file name from the minibuffer; the predicate in this 4173variable is used by read-file-name-internal to filter the completion list. 4174 4175*** The new variable `read-file-name-function' can be used by Lisp code 4176to override the built-in `read-file-name' function. 4177 4178*** The new variable `read-file-name-completion-ignore-case' specifies 4179whether completion ignores case when reading a file name with the 4180`read-file-name' function. 4181 4182*** The new function `read-directory-name' is for reading a directory name. 4183 4184It is like `read-file-name' except that the defaulting works better 4185for directories, and completion inside it shows only directories. 4186 4187*** The new variable `history-add-new-input' specifies whether to add new 4188elements in history. If set to nil, minibuffer reading functions don't 4189add new elements to the history list, so it is possible to do this 4190afterwards by calling `add-to-history' explicitly. 4191 4192** Completion changes: 4193 4194*** The new function `minibuffer-completion-contents' returns the contents 4195of the minibuffer just before point. That is what completion commands 4196operate on. 4197 4198*** The functions `all-completions' and `try-completion' now accept lists 4199of strings as well as hash-tables additionally to alists, obarrays 4200and functions. Furthermore, the function `test-completion' is now 4201exported to Lisp. The keys in alists and hash tables can be either 4202strings or symbols, which are automatically converted with to strings. 4203 4204*** The new macro `dynamic-completion-table' supports using functions 4205as a dynamic completion table. 4206 4207 (dynamic-completion-table FUN) 4208 4209FUN is called with one argument, the string for which completion is required, 4210and it should return an alist containing all the intended possible 4211completions. This alist can be a full list of possible completions so that FUN 4212can ignore the value of its argument. If completion is performed in the 4213minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer from which the minibuffer was 4214entered. `dynamic-completion-table' then computes the completion. 4215 4216*** The new macro `lazy-completion-table' initializes a variable 4217as a lazy completion table. 4218 4219 (lazy-completion-table VAR FUN) 4220 4221If the completion table VAR is used for the first time (e.g., by passing VAR 4222as an argument to `try-completion'), the function FUN is called with no 4223arguments. FUN must return the completion table that will be stored in VAR. 4224If completion is requested in the minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer 4225from which the minibuffer was entered. The return value of 4226`lazy-completion-table' must be used to initialize the value of VAR. 4227 4228** Abbrev changes: 4229 4230*** `define-abbrev' now accepts an optional argument SYSTEM-FLAG. 4231 4232If non-nil, this marks the abbrev as a "system" abbrev, which means 4233that it won't be stored in the user's abbrevs file if he saves the 4234abbrevs. Major modes that predefine some abbrevs should always 4235specify this flag. 4236 4237*** The new function `copy-abbrev-table' copies an abbrev table. 4238 4239It returns a new abbrev table that is a copy of a given abbrev table. 4240 4241** Enhancements to keymaps. 4242 4243*** Cleaner way to enter key sequences. 4244 4245You can enter a constant key sequence in a more natural format, the 4246same one used for saving keyboard macros, using the macro `kbd'. For 4247example, 4248 4249(kbd "C-x C-f") => "\^x\^f" 4250 4251Actually, this format has existed since Emacs 20.1. 4252 4253*** Interactive commands can be remapped through keymaps. 4254 4255This is an alternative to using `defadvice' or `substitute-key-definition' 4256to modify the behavior of a key binding using the normal keymap 4257binding and lookup functionality. 4258 4259When a key sequence is bound to a command, and that command is 4260remapped to another command, that command is run instead of the 4261original command. 4262 4263Example: 4264Suppose that minor mode `my-mode' has defined the commands 4265`my-kill-line' and `my-kill-word', and it wants C-k (and any other key 4266bound to `kill-line') to run the command `my-kill-line' instead of 4267`kill-line', and likewise it wants to run `my-kill-word' instead of 4268`kill-word'. 4269 4270Instead of rebinding C-k and the other keys in the minor mode map, 4271command remapping allows you to directly map `kill-line' into 4272`my-kill-line' and `kill-word' into `my-kill-word' using `define-key': 4273 4274 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-line] 'my-kill-line) 4275 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-word] 'my-kill-word) 4276 4277When `my-mode' is enabled, its minor mode keymap is enabled too. So 4278when the user types C-k, that runs the command `my-kill-line'. 4279 4280Only one level of remapping is supported. In the above example, this 4281means that if `my-kill-line' is remapped to `other-kill', then C-k still 4282runs `my-kill-line'. 4283 4284The following changes have been made to provide command remapping: 4285 4286- Command remappings are defined using `define-key' with a prefix-key 4287 `remap', i.e. `(define-key MAP [remap CMD] DEF)' remaps command CMD 4288 to definition DEF in keymap MAP. The definition is not limited to 4289 another command; it can be anything accepted for a normal binding. 4290 4291- The new function `command-remapping' returns the binding for a 4292 remapped command in the current keymaps, or nil if not remapped. 4293 4294- `key-binding' now remaps interactive commands unless the optional 4295 third argument NO-REMAP is non-nil. 4296 4297- `where-is-internal' now returns nil for a remapped command (e.g. 4298 `kill-line', when `my-mode' is enabled), and the actual key binding for 4299 the command it is remapped to (e.g. C-k for my-kill-line). 4300 It also has a new optional fifth argument, NO-REMAP, which inhibits 4301 remapping if non-nil (e.g. it returns "C-k" for `kill-line', and 4302 "<kill-line>" for `my-kill-line'). 4303 4304- The new variable `this-original-command' contains the original 4305 command before remapping. It is equal to `this-command' when the 4306 command was not remapped. 4307 4308*** The definition of a key-binding passed to define-key can use XEmacs-style 4309key-sequences, such as [(control a)]. 4310 4311*** New keymaps for typing file names 4312 4313Two new keymaps, `minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map' and 4314`minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map', apply whenever 4315Emacs reads a file name in the minibuffer. These key maps override 4316the usual binding of SPC to `minibuffer-complete-word' (so that file 4317names with embedded spaces could be typed without the need to quote 4318the spaces). 4319 4320*** New function `current-active-maps' returns a list of currently 4321active keymaps. 4322 4323*** New function `describe-buffer-bindings' inserts the list of all 4324defined keys and their definitions. 4325 4326*** New function `keymap-prompt' returns the prompt string of a keymap. 4327 4328*** If text has a `keymap' property, that keymap takes precedence 4329over minor mode keymaps. 4330 4331*** The `keymap' property now also works at the ends of overlays and 4332text properties, according to their stickiness. This also means that it 4333works with empty overlays. The same hold for the `local-map' property. 4334 4335*** `key-binding' will now look up mouse-specific bindings. The 4336keymaps consulted by `key-binding' will get adapted if the key 4337sequence is started with a mouse event. Instead of letting the click 4338position be determined from the key sequence itself, it is also 4339possible to specify it with an optional argument explicitly. 4340 4341*** `define-key-after' now accepts keys longer than 1. 4342 4343*** (map-keymap FUNCTION KEYMAP) applies the function to each binding 4344in the keymap. 4345 4346*** New variable `emulation-mode-map-alists'. 4347 4348Lisp packages using many minor mode keymaps can now maintain their own 4349keymap alist separate from `minor-mode-map-alist' by adding their 4350keymap alist to this list. 4351 4352*** Dense keymaps now handle inheritance correctly. 4353 4354Previously a dense keymap would hide all of the simple-char key 4355bindings of the parent keymap. 4356 4357** Enhancements to process support 4358 4359*** Adaptive read buffering of subprocess output. 4360 4361On some systems, when Emacs reads the output from a subprocess, the 4362output data is read in very small blocks, potentially resulting in 4363very poor performance. This behavior can be remedied to some extent 4364by setting the new variable `process-adaptive-read-buffering' to a 4365non-nil value (the default), as it will automatically delay reading 4366from such processes, allowing them to produce more output before 4367Emacs tries to read it. 4368 4369*** Processes now have an associated property list where programs can 4370maintain process state and other per-process related information. 4371 4372Use the new functions `process-get' and `process-put' to access, add, 4373and modify elements on this property list. Use the new functions 4374`process-plist' and `set-process-plist' to access and replace the 4375entire property list of a process. 4376 4377*** Function `list-processes' now has an optional argument; if non-nil, 4378it lists only the processes whose query-on-exit flag is set. 4379 4380*** New fns `set-process-query-on-exit-flag' and `process-query-on-exit-flag'. 4381 4382These replace the old function `process-kill-without-query'. That 4383function is still supported, but new code should use the new 4384functions. 4385 4386*** The new function `call-process-shell-command'. 4387 4388This executes a shell command synchronously in a separate process. 4389 4390*** The new function `process-file' is similar to `call-process', but 4391obeys file handlers. The file handler is chosen based on 4392`default-directory'. 4393 4394*** Function `signal-process' now accepts a process object or process 4395name in addition to a process id to identify the signaled process. 4396 4397*** Function `accept-process-output' has a new optional fourth arg 4398JUST-THIS-ONE. If non-nil, only output from the specified process 4399is handled, suspending output from other processes. If value is an 4400integer, also inhibit running timers. This feature is generally not 4401recommended, but may be necessary for specific applications, such as 4402speech synthesis. 4403 4404*** A process filter function gets the output as multibyte string 4405if the process specifies t for its filter's multibyteness. 4406 4407That multibyteness is decided by the value of 4408`default-enable-multibyte-characters' when the process is created, and 4409you can change it later with `set-process-filter-multibyte'. 4410 4411*** The new function `set-process-filter-multibyte' sets the 4412multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter. 4413 4414*** The new function `process-filter-multibyte-p' returns the 4415multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter. 4416 4417*** If a process's coding system is `raw-text' or `no-conversion' and its 4418buffer is multibyte, the output of the process is at first converted 4419to multibyte by `string-to-multibyte' then inserted in the buffer. 4420Previously, it was converted to multibyte by `string-as-multibyte', 4421which was not compatible with the behavior of file reading. 4422 4423** Enhanced networking support. 4424 4425*** The new `make-network-process' function makes network connections. 4426It allows opening of stream and datagram connections to a server, as well as 4427create a stream or datagram server inside Emacs. 4428 4429- A server is started using :server t arg. 4430- Datagram connection is selected using :type 'datagram arg. 4431- A server can open on a random port using :service t arg. 4432- Local sockets are supported using :family 'local arg. 4433- IPv6 is supported (when available). You may explicitly select IPv6 4434 using :family 'ipv6 arg. 4435- Non-blocking connect is supported using :nowait t arg. 4436- The process' property list can be initialized using :plist PLIST arg; 4437 a copy of the server process' property list is automatically inherited 4438 by new client processes created to handle incoming connections. 4439 4440To test for the availability of a given feature, use featurep like this: 4441 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:type datagram)) 4442 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:family ipv6)) 4443 4444*** The old `open-network-stream' now uses `make-network-process'. 4445 4446*** `process-contact' has an optional KEY argument. 4447 4448Depending on this argument, you can get the complete list of network 4449process properties or a specific property. Using :local or :remote as 4450the KEY, you get the address of the local or remote end-point. 4451 4452An Inet address is represented as a 5 element vector, where the first 44534 elements contain the IP address and the fifth is the port number. 4454 4455*** New functions `stop-process' and `continue-process'. 4456 4457These functions stop and restart communication through a network 4458connection. For a server process, no connections are accepted in the 4459stopped state. For a client process, no input is received in the 4460stopped state. 4461 4462*** New function `format-network-address'. 4463 4464This function reformats the Lisp representation of a network address 4465to a printable string. For example, an IP address A.B.C.D and port 4466number P is represented as a five element vector [A B C D P], and the 4467printable string returned for this vector is "A.B.C.D:P". See the doc 4468string for other formatting options. 4469 4470*** New function `network-interface-list'. 4471 4472This function returns a list of network interface names and their 4473current network addresses. 4474 4475*** New function `network-interface-info'. 4476 4477This function returns the network address, hardware address, current 4478status, and other information about a specific network interface. 4479 4480*** New functions `process-datagram-address', `set-process-datagram-address'. 4481 4482These functions are used with datagram-based network processes to get 4483and set the current address of the remote partner. 4484 4485*** Deleting a network process with `delete-process' calls the sentinel. 4486 4487The status message passed to the sentinel for a deleted network 4488process is "deleted". The message passed to the sentinel when the 4489connection is closed by the remote peer has been changed to 4490"connection broken by remote peer". 4491 4492** Using window objects: 4493 4494*** You can now make a window as short as one line. 4495 4496A window that is just one line tall does not display either a mode 4497line or a header line, even if the variables `mode-line-format' and 4498`header-line-format' call for them. A window that is two lines tall 4499cannot display both a mode line and a header line at once; if the 4500variables call for both, only the mode line actually appears. 4501 4502*** The new function `window-inside-edges' returns the edges of the 4503actual text portion of the window, not including the scroll bar or 4504divider line, the fringes, the display margins, the header line and 4505the mode line. 4506 4507*** The new functions `window-pixel-edges' and `window-inside-pixel-edges' 4508return window edges in units of pixels, rather than columns and lines. 4509 4510*** New function `window-body-height'. 4511 4512This is like `window-height' but does not count the mode line or the 4513header line. 4514 4515*** The new function `adjust-window-trailing-edge' moves the right 4516or bottom edge of a window. It does not move other window edges. 4517 4518*** The new macro `with-selected-window' temporarily switches the 4519selected window without impacting the order of `buffer-list'. 4520It saves and restores the current buffer, too. 4521 4522*** `select-window' takes an optional second argument NORECORD. 4523 4524This is like `switch-to-buffer'. 4525 4526*** `save-selected-window' now saves and restores the selected window 4527of every frame. This way, it restores everything that can be changed 4528by calling `select-window'. It also saves and restores the current 4529buffer. 4530 4531*** `set-window-buffer' has an optional argument KEEP-MARGINS. 4532 4533If non-nil, that says to preserve the window's current margin, fringe, 4534and scroll-bar settings. 4535 4536*** The new function `window-tree' returns a frame's window tree. 4537 4538*** The functions `get-lru-window' and `get-largest-window' take an optional 4539argument `dedicated'. If non-nil, those functions do not ignore 4540dedicated windows. 4541 4542** Customizable fringe bitmaps 4543 4544*** There are new display properties, `left-fringe' and `right-fringe', 4545that can be used to show a specific bitmap in the left or right fringe 4546bitmap of the display line. 4547 4548Format is `display (left-fringe BITMAP [FACE])', where BITMAP is a 4549symbol identifying a fringe bitmap, either built-in or defined with 4550`define-fringe-bitmap', and FACE is an optional face name to be used 4551for displaying the bitmap instead of the default `fringe' face. 4552When specified, FACE is automatically merged with the `fringe' face. 4553 4554*** New buffer-local variables `fringe-indicator-alist' and 4555`fringe-cursor-alist' maps between logical (internal) fringe indicator 4556and cursor symbols and the actual fringe bitmaps to be displayed. 4557This decouples the logical meaning of the fringe indicators from the 4558physical appearance, as well as allowing different fringe bitmaps to 4559be used in different windows showing different buffers. 4560 4561*** New function `define-fringe-bitmap' can now be used to create new 4562fringe bitmaps, as well as change the built-in fringe bitmaps. 4563 4564*** New function `destroy-fringe-bitmap' deletes a fringe bitmap 4565or restores a built-in one to its default value. 4566 4567*** New function `set-fringe-bitmap-face' specifies the face to be 4568used for a specific fringe bitmap. The face is automatically merged 4569with the `fringe' face, so normally, the face should only specify the 4570foreground color of the bitmap. 4571 4572*** New function `fringe-bitmaps-at-pos' returns the current fringe 4573bitmaps in the display line at a given buffer position. 4574 4575** Other window fringe features: 4576 4577*** Controlling the default left and right fringe widths. 4578 4579The default left and right fringe widths for all windows of a frame 4580can now be controlled by setting the `left-fringe' and `right-fringe' 4581frame parameters to an integer value specifying the width in pixels. 4582Setting the width to 0 effectively removes the corresponding fringe. 4583 4584The actual default fringe widths for the frame may deviate from the 4585specified widths, since the combined fringe widths must match an 4586integral number of columns. The extra width is distributed evenly 4587between the left and right fringe. To force a specific fringe width, 4588specify the width as a negative integer (if both widths are negative, 4589only the left fringe gets the specified width). 4590 4591Setting the width to nil (the default), restores the default fringe 4592width which is the minimum number of pixels necessary to display any 4593of the currently defined fringe bitmaps. The width of the built-in 4594fringe bitmaps is 8 pixels. 4595 4596*** Per-window fringe and scrollbar settings 4597 4598**** Windows can now have their own individual fringe widths and 4599position settings. 4600 4601To control the fringe widths of a window, either set the buffer-local 4602variables `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', or call 4603`set-window-fringes'. 4604 4605To control the fringe position in a window, that is, whether fringes 4606are positioned between the display margins and the window's text area, 4607or at the edges of the window, either set the buffer-local variable 4608`fringes-outside-margins' or call `set-window-fringes'. 4609 4610The function `window-fringes' can be used to obtain the current 4611settings. To make `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', and 4612`fringes-outside-margins' take effect, you must set them before 4613displaying the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force 4614an update of the display margins. 4615 4616**** Windows can now have their own individual scroll-bar settings 4617controlling the width and position of scroll-bars. 4618 4619To control the scroll-bar of a window, either set the buffer-local 4620variables `scroll-bar-mode' and `scroll-bar-width', or call 4621`set-window-scroll-bars'. The function `window-scroll-bars' can be 4622used to obtain the current settings. To make `scroll-bar-mode' and 4623`scroll-bar-width' take effect, you must set them before displaying 4624the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force an update 4625of the display margins. 4626 4627** Redisplay features: 4628 4629*** `sit-for' can now be called with args (SECONDS &optional NODISP). 4630 4631*** Iconifying or deiconifying a frame no longer makes sit-for return. 4632 4633*** New function `redisplay' causes an immediate redisplay if no input is 4634available, equivalent to (sit-for 0). The call (redisplay t) forces 4635an immediate redisplay even if input is pending. 4636 4637*** New function `force-window-update' can initiate a full redisplay of 4638one or all windows. Normally, this is not needed as changes in window 4639contents are detected automatically. However, certain implicit 4640changes to mode lines, header lines, or display properties may require 4641forcing an explicit window update. 4642 4643*** (char-displayable-p CHAR) returns non-nil if Emacs ought to be able 4644to display CHAR. More precisely, if the selected frame's fontset has 4645a font to display the character set that CHAR belongs to. 4646 4647Fontsets can specify a font on a per-character basis; when the fontset 4648does that, this value cannot be accurate. 4649 4650*** You can define multiple overlay arrows via the new 4651variable `overlay-arrow-variable-list'. 4652 4653It contains a list of variables which contain overlay arrow position 4654markers, including the original `overlay-arrow-position' variable. 4655 4656Each variable on this list can have individual `overlay-arrow-string' 4657and `overlay-arrow-bitmap' properties that specify an overlay arrow 4658string (for non-window terminals) or fringe bitmap (for window 4659systems) to display at the corresponding overlay arrow position. 4660If either property is not set, the default `overlay-arrow-string' or 4661'overlay-arrow-fringe-bitmap' will be used. 4662 4663*** New `line-height' and `line-spacing' properties for newline characters 4664 4665A newline can now have `line-height' and `line-spacing' text or overlay 4666properties that control the height of the corresponding display row. 4667 4668If the `line-height' property value is t, the newline does not 4669contribute to the height of the display row; instead the height of the 4670newline glyph is reduced. Also, a `line-spacing' property on this 4671newline is ignored. This can be used to tile small images or image 4672slices without adding blank areas between the images. 4673 4674If the `line-height' property value is a positive integer, the value 4675specifies the minimum line height in pixels. If necessary, the line 4676height it increased by increasing the line's ascent. 4677 4678If the `line-height' property value is a float, the minimum line 4679height is calculated by multiplying the default frame line height by 4680the given value. 4681 4682If the `line-height' property value is a cons (FACE . RATIO), the 4683minimum line height is calculated as RATIO * height of named FACE. 4684RATIO is int or float. If FACE is t, it specifies the current face. 4685 4686If the `line-height' property value is a cons (nil . RATIO), the line 4687height is calculated as RATIO * actual height of the line's contents. 4688 4689If the `line-height' value is a cons (HEIGHT . TOTAL), HEIGHT specifies 4690the line height as described above, while TOTAL is any of the forms 4691described above and specifies the total height of the line, causing a 4692varying number of pixels to be inserted after the line to make it line 4693exactly that many pixels high. 4694 4695If the `line-spacing' property value is an positive integer, the value 4696is used as additional pixels to insert after the display line; this 4697overrides the default frame `line-spacing' and any buffer local value of 4698the `line-spacing' variable. 4699 4700If the `line-spacing' property is a float or cons, the line spacing 4701is calculated as specified above for the `line-height' property. 4702 4703*** The buffer local `line-spacing' variable can now have a float value, 4704which is used as a height relative to the default frame line height. 4705 4706*** Enhancements to stretch display properties 4707 4708The display property stretch specification form `(space PROPS)', where 4709PROPS is a property list, now allows pixel based width and height 4710specifications, as well as enhanced horizontal text alignment. 4711 4712The value of these properties can now be a (primitive) expression 4713which is evaluated during redisplay. The following expressions 4714are supported: 4715 4716EXPR ::= NUM | (NUM) | UNIT | ELEM | POS | IMAGE | FORM 4717NUM ::= INTEGER | FLOAT | SYMBOL 4718UNIT ::= in | mm | cm | width | height 4719ELEM ::= left-fringe | right-fringe | left-margin | right-margin 4720 | scroll-bar | text 4721POS ::= left | center | right 4722FORM ::= (NUM . EXPR) | (OP EXPR ...) 4723OP ::= + | - 4724 4725The form `NUM' specifies a fractional width or height of the default 4726frame font size. The form `(NUM)' specifies an absolute number of 4727pixels. If a symbol is specified, its buffer-local variable binding 4728is used. The `in', `mm', and `cm' units specifies the number of 4729pixels per inch, milli-meter, and centi-meter, resp. The `width' and 4730`height' units correspond to the width and height of the current face 4731font. An image specification corresponds to the width or height of 4732the image. 4733 4734The `left-fringe', `right-fringe', `left-margin', `right-margin', 4735`scroll-bar', and `text' elements specify to the width of the 4736corresponding area of the window. 4737 4738The `left', `center', and `right' positions can be used with :align-to 4739to specify a position relative to the left edge, center, or right edge 4740of the text area. One of the above window elements (except `text') 4741can also be used with :align-to to specify that the position is 4742relative to the left edge of the given area. Once the base offset for 4743a relative position has been set (by the first occurrence of one of 4744these symbols), further occurrences of these symbols are interpreted as 4745the width of the area. 4746 4747For example, to align to the center of the left-margin, use 4748 :align-to (+ left-margin (0.5 . left-margin)) 4749 4750If no specific base offset is set for alignment, it is always relative 4751to the left edge of the text area. For example, :align-to 0 in a 4752header line aligns with the first text column in the text area. 4753 4754The value of the form `(NUM . EXPR)' is the value of NUM multiplied by 4755the value of the expression EXPR. For example, (2 . in) specifies a 4756width of 2 inches, while (0.5 . IMAGE) specifies half the width (or 4757height) of the specified image. 4758 4759The form `(+ EXPR ...)' adds up the value of the expressions. 4760The form `(- EXPR ...)' negates or subtracts the value of the expressions. 4761 4762*** Normally, the cursor is displayed at the end of any overlay and 4763text property string that may be present at the current window 4764position. The cursor can now be placed on any character of such 4765strings by giving that character a non-nil `cursor' text property. 4766 4767*** The display space :width and :align-to text properties are now 4768supported on text terminals. 4769 4770*** Support for displaying image slices 4771 4772**** New display property (slice X Y WIDTH HEIGHT) can be used with 4773an image property to display only a specific slice of the image. 4774 4775**** Function `insert-image' has new optional fourth arg to 4776specify image slice (X Y WIDTH HEIGHT). 4777 4778**** New function `insert-sliced-image' inserts a given image as a 4779specified number of evenly sized slices (rows x columns). 4780 4781*** Images can now have an associated image map via the :map property. 4782 4783An image map is an alist where each element has the format (AREA ID PLIST). 4784An AREA is specified as either a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon: 4785A rectangle is a cons (rect . ((X0 . Y0) . (X1 . Y1))) specifying the 4786pixel coordinates of the upper left and bottom right corners. 4787A circle is a cons (circle . ((X0 . Y0) . R)) specifying the center 4788and the radius of the circle; R can be a float or integer. 4789A polygon is a cons (poly . [X0 Y0 X1 Y1 ...]) where each pair in the 4790vector describes one corner in the polygon. 4791 4792When the mouse pointer is above a hot-spot area of an image, the 4793PLIST of that hot-spot is consulted; if it contains a `help-echo' 4794property it defines a tool-tip for the hot-spot, and if it contains 4795a `pointer' property, it defines the shape of the mouse cursor when 4796it is over the hot-spot. See the variable `void-area-text-pointer' 4797for possible pointer shapes. 4798 4799When you click the mouse when the mouse pointer is over a hot-spot, 4800an event is composed by combining the ID of the hot-spot with the 4801mouse event, e.g. [area4 mouse-1] if the hot-spot's ID is `area4'. 4802 4803*** The function `find-image' now searches in etc/images/ and etc/. 4804The new variable `image-load-path' is a list of locations in which to 4805search for image files. The default is to search in etc/images, then 4806in etc/, and finally in the directories specified by `load-path'. 4807Subdirectories of etc/ and etc/images are not recursively searched; if 4808you put an image file in a subdirectory, you have to specify it 4809explicitly; for example, if an image is put in etc/images/foo/bar.xpm: 4810 4811 (defimage foo-image '((:type xpm :file "foo/bar.xpm"))) 4812 4813Note that all images formerly located in the lisp directory have been 4814moved to etc/images. 4815 4816*** New function `image-load-path-for-library' returns a suitable 4817search path for images relative to library. This function is useful in 4818external packages to save users from having to update 4819`image-load-path'. 4820 4821*** The new variable `max-image-size' defines the maximum size of 4822images that Emacs will load and display. 4823 4824*** The new variable `display-mm-dimensions-alist' can be used to 4825override incorrect graphical display dimensions returned by functions 4826`display-mm-height' and `display-mm-width'. 4827 4828** Mouse pointer features: 4829 4830*** The mouse pointer shape in void text areas (i.e. after the end of a 4831line or below the last line in the buffer) of the text window is now 4832controlled by the new variable `void-text-area-pointer'. The default 4833is to use the `arrow' (non-text) pointer. Other choices are `text' 4834(or nil), `hand', `vdrag', `hdrag', `modeline', and `hourglass'. 4835 4836*** The mouse pointer shape over an image can now be controlled by the 4837:pointer image property. 4838 4839*** The mouse pointer shape over ordinary text or images can now be 4840controlled/overridden via the `pointer' text property. 4841 4842** Mouse event enhancements: 4843 4844*** All mouse events now include a buffer position regardless of where 4845you clicked. For mouse clicks in window margins and fringes, this is 4846a sensible buffer position corresponding to the surrounding text. 4847 4848*** Mouse events for clicks on window fringes now specify `left-fringe' 4849or `right-fringe' as the area. 4850 4851*** Mouse events include actual glyph column and row for all event types 4852and all areas. 4853 4854*** Mouse events can now indicate an image object clicked on. 4855 4856*** Mouse events include relative X and Y pixel coordinates relative to 4857the top left corner of the object (image or character) clicked on. 4858 4859*** Mouse events include the pixel width and height of the object 4860(image or character) clicked on. 4861 4862*** Function `mouse-set-point' now works for events outside text area. 4863 4864*** `posn-point' now returns buffer position for non-text area events. 4865 4866*** New function `posn-area' returns window area clicked on (nil means 4867text area). 4868 4869*** New function `posn-actual-col-row' returns the actual glyph coordinates 4870of the mouse event position. 4871 4872*** New functions 'posn-object', 'posn-object-x-y', 'posn-object-width-height'. 4873 4874These return the image or string object of a mouse click, the X and Y 4875pixel coordinates relative to the top left corner of that object, and 4876the total width and height of that object. 4877 4878** Text property and overlay changes: 4879 4880*** Arguments for `remove-overlays' are now optional, so that you can 4881remove all overlays in the buffer with just (remove-overlays). 4882 4883*** New variable `char-property-alias-alist'. 4884 4885This variable allows you to create alternative names for text 4886properties. It works at the same level as `default-text-properties', 4887although it applies to overlays as well. This variable was introduced 4888to implement the `font-lock-face' property. 4889 4890*** New function `get-char-property-and-overlay' accepts the same 4891arguments as `get-char-property' and returns a cons whose car is the 4892return value of `get-char-property' called with those arguments and 4893whose cdr is the overlay in which the property was found, or nil if 4894it was found as a text property or not found at all. 4895 4896*** The new function `remove-list-of-text-properties'. 4897 4898It is like `remove-text-properties' except that it takes a list of 4899property names as argument rather than a property list. 4900 4901** Face changes 4902 4903*** The variable `facemenu-unlisted-faces' has been removed. 4904Emacs has a lot more faces than in the past, and nearly all of them 4905needed to be excluded. The new variable `facemenu-listed-faces' lists 4906the faces to include in the face menu. 4907 4908*** The new face attribute condition `min-colors' can be used to tailor 4909the face color to the number of colors supported by a display, and 4910define the foreground and background colors accordingly so that they 4911look best on a terminal that supports at least this many colors. This 4912is now the preferred method for defining default faces in a way that 4913makes a good use of the capabilities of the display. 4914 4915*** New function `display-supports-face-attributes-p' can be used to test 4916whether a given set of face attributes is actually displayable. 4917 4918A new predicate `supports' has also been added to the `defface' face 4919specification language, which can be used to do this test for faces 4920defined with `defface'. 4921 4922*** The special treatment of faces whose names are of the form `fg:COLOR' 4923or `bg:COLOR' has been removed. Lisp programs should use the 4924`defface' facility for defining faces with specific colors, or use 4925the feature of specifying the face attributes :foreground and :background 4926directly in the `face' property instead of using a named face. 4927 4928*** The first face specification element in a defface can specify 4929`default' instead of frame classification. Then its attributes act as 4930defaults that apply to all the subsequent cases (and can be overridden 4931by them). 4932 4933*** The function `face-differs-from-default-p' now truly checks 4934whether the given face displays differently from the default face or 4935not (previously it did only a very cursory check). 4936 4937*** `face-attribute', `face-foreground', `face-background', `face-stipple'. 4938 4939These now accept a new optional argument, INHERIT, which controls how 4940face inheritance is used when determining the value of a face 4941attribute. 4942 4943*** New functions `face-attribute-relative-p' and `merge-face-attribute' 4944help with handling relative face attributes. 4945 4946*** The priority of faces in an :inherit attribute face list is reversed. 4947 4948If a face contains an :inherit attribute with a list of faces, earlier 4949faces in the list override later faces in the list; in previous 4950releases of Emacs, the order was the opposite. This change was made 4951so that :inherit face lists operate identically to face lists in text 4952`face' properties. 4953 4954*** The variable `face-font-rescale-alist' specifies how much larger 4955(or smaller) font we should use. For instance, if the value is 4956'((SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN . 1.3)) and a face requests a font of 10 4957point, we actually use a font of 13 point if the font matches 4958SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN. 4959 4960*** On terminals, faces with the :inverse-video attribute are displayed 4961with swapped foreground and background colors even when one of them is 4962not specified. In previous releases of Emacs, if either foreground 4963or background color was unspecified, colors were not swapped. This 4964was inconsistent with the face behavior under X. 4965 4966*** `set-fontset-font', `fontset-info', `fontset-font' now operate on 4967the default fontset if the argument NAME is nil.. 4968 4969** Font-Lock changes: 4970 4971*** New special text property `font-lock-face'. 4972 4973This property acts like the `face' property, but it is controlled by 4974M-x font-lock-mode. It is not, strictly speaking, a builtin text 4975property. Instead, it is implemented inside font-core.el, using the 4976new variable `char-property-alias-alist'. 4977 4978*** font-lock can manage arbitrary text-properties beside `face'. 4979 4980**** the FACENAME returned in `font-lock-keywords' can be a list of the 4981form (face FACE PROP1 VAL1 PROP2 VAL2 ...) so you can set other 4982properties than `face'. 4983 4984**** `font-lock-extra-managed-props' can be set to make sure those 4985extra properties are automatically cleaned up by font-lock. 4986 4987*** jit-lock obeys a new text-property `jit-lock-defer-multiline'. 4988 4989If a piece of text with that property gets contextually refontified 4990(see `jit-lock-defer-contextually'), then all of that text will 4991be refontified. This is useful when the syntax of a textual element 4992depends on text several lines further down (and when `font-lock-multiline' 4993is not appropriate to solve that problem). For example in Perl: 4994 4995 s{ 4996 foo 4997 }{ 4998 bar 4999 }e 5000 5001Adding/removing the last `e' changes the `bar' from being a piece of 5002text to being a piece of code, so you'd put a `jit-lock-defer-multiline' 5003property over the second half of the command to force (deferred) 5004refontification of `bar' whenever the `e' is added/removed. 5005 5006*** `font-lock-extend-region-functions' makes it possible to alter the way 5007the fontification region is chosen. This can be used to prevent rounding 5008up to whole lines, or to extend the region to include all related lines 5009of multiline constructs so that such constructs get properly recognized. 5010 5011** Major mode mechanism changes: 5012 5013*** New variable `magic-mode-alist' determines major mode for a file by 5014looking at the file contents. It takes precedence over `auto-mode-alist'. 5015 5016*** New variable `magic-fallback-mode-alist' determines major mode for a file by 5017looking at the file contents. It is handled after `auto-mode-alist', 5018only if `auto-mode-alist' (and `magic-mode-alist') says nothing about the file. 5019 5020*** XML or SGML major mode is selected when file starts with an `<?xml' 5021or `<!DOCTYPE' declaration. 5022 5023*** An interpreter magic line (if present) takes precedence over the 5024file name when setting the major mode. 5025 5026*** If new variable `auto-mode-case-fold' is set to a non-nil value, 5027Emacs will perform a second case-insensitive search through 5028`auto-mode-alist' if the first case-sensitive search fails. This 5029means that a file FILE.TXT is opened in text-mode, and a file 5030PROG.HTML is opened in html-mode. Note however, that independent of 5031this setting, *.C files are usually recognized as C++ files. It also 5032has no effect on systems with case-insensitive file names. 5033 5034*** All major mode functions should now run the new normal hook 5035`after-change-major-mode-hook', at their very end, after the mode 5036hooks. `run-mode-hooks' does this automatically. 5037 5038*** Major modes can define `eldoc-documentation-function' 5039locally to provide Eldoc functionality by some method appropriate to 5040the language. 5041 5042*** Use the new function `run-mode-hooks' to run the major mode's mode hook. 5043 5044*** The new function `run-mode-hooks' and the new macro `delay-mode-hooks' 5045are used by `define-derived-mode' to make sure the mode hook for the 5046parent mode is run at the end of the child mode. 5047 5048*** `define-derived-mode' by default creates a new empty abbrev table. 5049It does not copy abbrevs from the parent mode's abbrev table. 5050 5051*** If a major mode function has a non-nil `no-clone-indirect' 5052property, `clone-indirect-buffer' signals an error if you use 5053it in that buffer. 5054 5055** Minor mode changes: 5056 5057*** `define-minor-mode' now accepts arbitrary additional keyword arguments 5058and simply passes them to `defcustom', if applicable. 5059 5060*** `define-globalized-minor-mode'. 5061 5062This is a new name for what was formerly called 5063`easy-mmode-define-global-mode'. The old name remains as an alias. 5064 5065*** `minor-mode-list' now holds a list of minor mode commands. 5066 5067** Command loop changes: 5068 5069*** The new function `called-interactively-p' does what many people 5070have mistakenly believed `interactive-p' to do: it returns t if the 5071calling function was called through `call-interactively'. 5072 5073Only use this when you cannot solve the problem by adding a new 5074INTERACTIVE argument to the command. 5075 5076*** The function `commandp' takes an additional optional argument. 5077 5078If it is non-nil, then `commandp' checks for a function that could be 5079called with `call-interactively', and does not return t for keyboard 5080macros. 5081 5082*** When a command returns, the command loop moves point out from 5083within invisible text, in the same way it moves out from within text 5084covered by an image or composition property. 5085 5086This makes it generally unnecessary to mark invisible text as intangible. 5087This is particularly good because the intangible property often has 5088unexpected side-effects since the property applies to everything 5089(including `goto-char', ...) whereas this new code is only run after 5090`post-command-hook' and thus does not care about intermediate states. 5091 5092*** If a command sets `transient-mark-mode' to `only', that 5093enables Transient Mark mode for the following command only. 5094During that following command, the value of `transient-mark-mode' 5095is `identity'. If it is still `identity' at the end of the command, 5096the next return to the command loop changes to nil. 5097 5098*** Both the variable and the function `disabled-command-hook' have 5099been renamed to `disabled-command-function'. The variable 5100`disabled-command-hook' has been kept as an obsolete alias. 5101 5102*** `emacsserver' now runs `pre-command-hook' and `post-command-hook' 5103when it receives a request from emacsclient. 5104 5105*** `current-idle-time' reports how long Emacs has been idle. 5106 5107** Lisp file loading changes: 5108 5109*** `load-history' can now have elements of the form (t . FUNNAME), 5110which means FUNNAME was previously defined as an autoload (before the 5111current file redefined it). 5112 5113*** `load-history' now records (defun . FUNNAME) when a function is 5114defined. For a variable, it records just the variable name. 5115 5116*** The function `symbol-file' can now search specifically for function, 5117variable or face definitions. 5118 5119*** `provide' and `featurep' now accept an optional second argument 5120to test/provide subfeatures. Also `provide' now checks `after-load-alist' 5121and runs any code associated with the provided feature. 5122 5123*** The variable `recursive-load-depth-limit' has been deleted. 5124Emacs now signals an error if the same file is loaded with more 5125than 3 levels of nesting. 5126 5127** Byte compiler changes: 5128 5129*** The byte compiler now displays the actual line and character 5130position of errors, where possible. Additionally, the form of its 5131warning and error messages have been brought into line with GNU standards 5132for these. As a result, you can use next-error and friends on the 5133compilation output buffer. 5134 5135*** The new macro `with-no-warnings' suppresses all compiler warnings 5136inside its body. In terms of execution, it is equivalent to `progn'. 5137 5138*** You can avoid warnings for possibly-undefined symbols with a 5139simple convention that the compiler understands. (This is mostly 5140useful in code meant to be portable to different Emacs versions.) 5141Write forms like the following, or code that macroexpands into such 5142forms: 5143 5144 (if (fboundp 'foo) <then> <else>) 5145 (if (boundp 'foo) <then> <else) 5146 5147In the first case, using `foo' as a function inside the <then> form 5148won't produce a warning if it's not defined as a function, and in the 5149second case, using `foo' as a variable won't produce a warning if it's 5150unbound. The test must be in exactly one of the above forms (after 5151macro expansion), but such tests can be nested. Note that `when' and 5152`unless' expand to `if', but `cond' doesn't. 5153 5154*** `(featurep 'xemacs)' is treated by the compiler as nil. This 5155helps to avoid noisy compiler warnings in code meant to run under both 5156Emacs and XEmacs and can sometimes make the result significantly more 5157efficient. Since byte code from recent versions of XEmacs won't 5158generally run in Emacs and vice versa, this optimization doesn't lose 5159you anything. 5160 5161*** The local variable `no-byte-compile' in Lisp files is now obeyed. 5162 5163*** When a Lisp file uses CL functions at run-time, compiling the file 5164now issues warnings about these calls, unless the file performs 5165(require 'cl) when loaded. 5166 5167** Frame operations: 5168 5169*** New functions `frame-current-scroll-bars' and `window-current-scroll-bars'. 5170 5171These functions return the current locations of the vertical and 5172horizontal scroll bars in a frame or window. 5173 5174*** The new function `modify-all-frames-parameters' modifies parameters 5175for all (existing and future) frames. 5176 5177*** The new frame parameter `tty-color-mode' specifies the mode to use 5178for color support on character terminal frames. Its value can be a 5179number of colors to support, or a symbol. See the Emacs Lisp 5180Reference manual for more detailed documentation. 5181 5182*** When using non-toolkit scroll bars with the default width, 5183the `scroll-bar-width' frame parameter value is nil. 5184 5185** Mode line changes: 5186 5187*** New function `format-mode-line'. 5188 5189This returns the mode line or header line of the selected (or a 5190specified) window as a string with or without text properties. 5191 5192*** The new mode-line construct `(:propertize ELT PROPS...)' can be 5193used to add text properties to mode-line elements. 5194 5195*** The new `%i' and `%I' constructs for `mode-line-format' can be used 5196to display the size of the accessible part of the buffer on the mode 5197line. 5198 5199*** Mouse-face on mode-line (and header-line) is now supported. 5200 5201** Menu manipulation changes: 5202 5203*** To manipulate the File menu using easy-menu, you must specify the 5204proper name "file". In previous Emacs versions, you had to specify 5205"files", even though the menu item itself was changed to say "File" 5206several versions ago. 5207 5208*** The dummy function keys made by easy-menu are now always lower case. 5209If you specify the menu item name "Ada", for instance, it uses `ada' 5210as the "key" bound by that key binding. 5211 5212This is relevant only if Lisp code looks for the bindings that were 5213made with easy-menu. 5214 5215*** `easy-menu-define' now allows you to use nil for the symbol name 5216if you don't need to give the menu a name. If you install the menu 5217into other keymaps right away (MAPS is non-nil), it usually doesn't 5218need to have a name. 5219 5220** Mule changes: 5221 5222*** Already true in Emacs 21.1, but not emphasized clearly enough: 5223 5224Multibyte buffers can now faithfully record all 256 character codes 5225from 0 to 255. As a result, most of the past reasons to use unibyte 5226buffers no longer exist. We only know of three reasons to use them 5227now: 5228 52291. If you prefer to use unibyte text all of the time. 5230 52312. For reading files into temporary buffers, when you want to avoid 5232the time it takes to convert the format. 5233 52343. For binary files where format conversion would be pointless and 5235wasteful. 5236 5237*** The new variable `auto-coding-functions' lets you specify functions 5238to examine a file being visited and deduce the proper coding system 5239for it. (If the coding system is detected incorrectly for a specific 5240file, you can put a `coding:' tags to override it.) 5241 5242*** The new variable `ascii-case-table' stores the case table for the 5243ascii character set. Language environments (such as Turkish) may 5244alter the case correspondences of ASCII characters. This variable 5245saves the original ASCII case table before any such changes. 5246 5247*** The new function `merge-coding-systems' fills in unspecified aspects 5248of one coding system from another coding system. 5249 5250*** New coding system property `mime-text-unsuitable' indicates that 5251the coding system's `mime-charset' is not suitable for MIME text 5252parts, e.g. utf-16. 5253 5254*** New function `decode-coding-inserted-region' decodes a region as if 5255it is read from a file without decoding. 5256 5257*** New CCL functions `lookup-character' and `lookup-integer' access 5258hash tables defined by the Lisp function `define-translation-hash-table'. 5259 5260*** New function `quail-find-key' returns a list of keys to type in the 5261current input method to input a character. 5262 5263*** `set-buffer-file-coding-system' now takes an additional argument, 5264NOMODIFY. If it is non-nil, it means don't mark the buffer modified. 5265 5266** Operating system access: 5267 5268*** The new primitive `get-internal-run-time' returns the processor 5269run time used by Emacs since start-up. 5270 5271*** Functions `user-uid' and `user-real-uid' now return floats if the 5272user UID doesn't fit in a Lisp integer. Function `user-full-name' 5273accepts a float as UID parameter. 5274 5275*** New function `locale-info' accesses locale information. 5276 5277*** On MS Windows, locale-coding-system is used to interact with the OS. 5278The Windows specific variable w32-system-coding-system, which was 5279formerly used for that purpose is now an alias for locale-coding-system. 5280 5281*** New function `redirect-debugging-output' can be used to redirect 5282debugging output on the stderr file handle to a file. 5283 5284** GC changes: 5285 5286*** New variable `gc-cons-percentage' automatically grows the GC cons threshold 5287as the heap size increases. 5288 5289*** New variables `gc-elapsed' and `gcs-done' provide extra information 5290on garbage collection. 5291 5292*** The normal hook `post-gc-hook' is run at the end of garbage collection. 5293 5294The hook is run with GC inhibited, so use it with care. 5295 5296** Miscellaneous: 5297 5298*** A number of hooks have been renamed to better follow the conventions: 5299 5300`find-file-hooks' to `find-file-hook', 5301`find-file-not-found-hooks' to `find-file-not-found-functions', 5302`write-file-hooks' to `write-file-functions', 5303`write-contents-hooks' to `write-contents-functions', 5304`x-lost-selection-hooks' to `x-lost-selection-functions', 5305`x-sent-selection-hooks' to `x-sent-selection-functions', 5306`delete-frame-hook' to `delete-frame-functions'. 5307 5308In each case the old name remains as an alias for the moment. 5309 5310*** Variable `local-write-file-hooks' is marked obsolete. 5311 5312Use the LOCAL arg of `add-hook'. 5313 5314*** New function `x-send-client-message' sends a client message when 5315running under X. 5316 5317* New Packages for Lisp Programming in Emacs 22.1 5318 5319** The new library button.el implements simple and fast `clickable 5320buttons' in Emacs buffers. Buttons are much lighter-weight than the 5321`widgets' implemented by widget.el, and can be used by lisp code that 5322doesn't require the full power of widgets. Emacs uses buttons for 5323such things as help and apropos buffers. 5324 5325** The new library tree-widget.el provides a widget to display a set 5326of hierarchical data as an outline. For example, the tree-widget is 5327well suited to display a hierarchy of directories and files. 5328 5329** The new library bindat.el provides functions to unpack and pack 5330binary data structures, such as network packets, to and from Lisp 5331data structures. 5332 5333** master-mode.el implements a minor mode for scrolling a slave 5334buffer without leaving your current buffer, the master buffer. 5335 5336It can be used by sql.el, for example: the SQL buffer is the master 5337and its SQLi buffer is the slave. This allows you to scroll the SQLi 5338buffer containing the output from the SQL buffer containing the 5339commands. 5340 5341This is how to use sql.el and master.el together: the variable 5342sql-buffer contains the slave buffer. It is a local variable in the 5343SQL buffer. 5344 5345(add-hook 'sql-mode-hook 5346 (function (lambda () 5347 (master-mode t) 5348 (master-set-slave sql-buffer)))) 5349(add-hook 'sql-set-sqli-hook 5350 (function (lambda () 5351 (master-set-slave sql-buffer)))) 5352 5353** The new library benchmark.el does timing measurements on Lisp code. 5354 5355This includes measuring garbage collection time. 5356 5357** The new library testcover.el does test coverage checking. 5358 5359This is so you can tell whether you've tested all paths in your Lisp 5360code. It works with edebug. 5361 5362The function `testcover-start' instruments all functions in a given 5363file. Then test your code. The function `testcover-mark-all' adds 5364overlay "splotches" to the Lisp file's buffer to show where coverage 5365is lacking. The command `testcover-next-mark' (bind it to a key!) 5366will move point forward to the next spot that has a splotch. 5367 5368Normally, a red splotch indicates the form was never completely 5369evaluated; a brown splotch means it always evaluated to the same 5370value. The red splotches are skipped for forms that can't possibly 5371complete their evaluation, such as `error'. The brown splotches are 5372skipped for forms that are expected to always evaluate to the same 5373value, such as (setq x 14). 5374 5375For difficult cases, you can add do-nothing macros to your code to 5376help out the test coverage tool. The macro `noreturn' suppresses a 5377red splotch. It is an error if the argument to `noreturn' does 5378return. The macro `1value' suppresses a brown splotch for its argument. 5379This macro is a no-op except during test-coverage -- then it signals 5380an error if the argument actually returns differing values. 5381 5382 5383 5384---------------------------------------------------------------------- 5385This file is part of GNU Emacs. 5386 5387GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 5388it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 5389the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) 5390any later version. 5391 5392GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 5393but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 5394MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 5395GNU General Public License for more details. 5396 5397You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 5398along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the 5399Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, 5400Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. 5401 5402 5403Local variables: 5404mode: outline 5405paragraph-separate: "[ ]*$" 5406end: 5407 5408arch-tag: 1aca9dfa-2ac4-4d14-bebf-0007cee12793 5409