1/* Definitions of target machine for GNU compiler, for HPs running 2 HPUX using the 64bit runtime model. 3 Copyright (C) 1999-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 4 5This file is part of GCC. 6 7GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 8it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 9the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) 10any later version. 11 12GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 13but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 14MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 15GNU General Public License for more details. 16 17You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 18along with GCC; see the file COPYING3. If not see 19<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */ 20 21/* We can debug dynamically linked executables on hpux11; we also 22 want dereferencing of a NULL pointer to cause a SEGV. Do not move 23 the "+Accept TypeMismatch" switch. We check for it in collect2 24 to determine which init/fini is needed. */ 25#undef LINK_SPEC 26#if ((TARGET_DEFAULT | TARGET_CPU_DEFAULT) & MASK_GNU_LD) 27#define LINK_SPEC \ 28 "%{!shared:%{p:-L/lib/pa20_64/libp -L/usr/lib/pa20_64/libp %{!static:\ 29 %nwarning: consider linking with '-static' as system libraries with\n\ 30 %n profiling support are only provided in archive format}}}\ 31 %{!shared:%{pg:-L/lib/pa20_64/libp -L/usr/lib/pa20_64/libp %{!static:\ 32 %nwarning: consider linking with '-static' as system libraries with\n\ 33 %n profiling support are only provided in archive format}}}\ 34 %{!shared:%{!static:%{rdynamic:-E}}}\ 35 %{mhp-ld:+Accept TypeMismatch -z} %{mlinker-opt:-O}\ 36 %{!shared:-u main %{!nostdlib:%{!nodefaultlibs:-u __cxa_finalize}}}\ 37 %{static:-a archive} %{shared:%{mhp-ld:-b}%{!mhp-ld:-shared}}" 38#else 39#define LINK_SPEC \ 40 "%{!shared:%{p:-L/lib/pa20_64/libp -L/usr/lib/pa20_64/libp %{!static:\ 41 %nwarning: consider linking with '-static' as system libraries with\n\ 42 %n profiling support are only provided in archive format}}}\ 43 %{!shared:%{pg:-L/lib/pa20_64/libp -L/usr/lib/pa20_64/libp %{!static:\ 44 %nwarning: consider linking with '-static' as system libraries with\n\ 45 %n profiling support are only provided in archive format}}}\ 46 %{!shared:%{!static:%{rdynamic:-E}}}\ 47 %{!mgnu-ld:+Accept TypeMismatch -z} %{mlinker-opt:-O}\ 48 %{!shared:-u main %{!nostdlib:%{!nodefaultlibs:-u __cxa_finalize}}}\ 49 %{static:-a archive} %{shared:%{mgnu-ld:-shared}%{!mgnu-ld:-b}}" 50#endif 51 52/* Profiling support is only provided in libc.a. However, libprof and 53 libgprof are only available in shared form on HP-UX 11.00. We use 54 the shared form if we are using the GNU linker or an archive form 55 isn't available. We also usually need to link with libdld and it's 56 only available in shared form. */ 57#undef LIB_SPEC 58#if ((TARGET_DEFAULT | TARGET_CPU_DEFAULT) & MASK_GNU_LD) 59#define LIB_SPEC \ 60 "%{!shared:\ 61 %{!p:%{!pg:%{fopenacc|fopenmp|ftree-parallelize-loops=*:\ 62 %{static:-a shared} -lrt %{static:-a archive}}\ 63 %{mt|pthread:-lpthread} -lc\ 64 %{static:%{!nolibdld:-a shared -ldld -a archive -lc}\ 65 %{!mt:%{!pthread:-a shared -lc -a archive}}}}}\ 66 %{p:%{!pg:%{static:%{!mhp-ld:-a shared}%{mhp-ld:-a archive_shared}}\ 67 -lprof %{static:-a archive}\ 68 %{fopenacc|fopenmp|ftree-parallelize-loops=*:\ 69 %{static:-a shared} -lrt %{static:-a archive}}\ 70 %{mt|pthread:-lpthread} -lc\ 71 %{static:%{!nolibdld:-a shared -ldld -a archive -lc}\ 72 %{!mt:%{!pthread:-a shared -lc -a archive}}}}}\ 73 %{pg:%{static:%{!mhp-ld:-a shared}%{mhp-ld:-a archive_shared}}\ 74 -lgprof %{static:-a archive}\ 75 %{fopenacc|fopenmp|ftree-parallelize-loops=*:\ 76 %{static:-a shared} -lrt %{static:-a archive}}\ 77 %{mt|pthread:-lpthread} -lc\ 78 %{static:%{!nolibdld:-a shared -ldld -a archive -lc}\ 79 %{!mt:%{!pthread:-a shared -lc -a archive}}}}}\ 80 %{shared:%{mt|pthread:-lpthread}}" 81#else 82#define LIB_SPEC \ 83 "%{!shared:\ 84 %{!p:%{!pg:%{fopenacc|fopenmp|ftree-parallelize-loops=*:\ 85 %{static:-a shared} -lrt %{static:-a archive}}\ 86 %{mt|pthread:-lpthread} -lc\ 87 %{static:%{!nolibdld:-a shared -ldld -a archive -lc}\ 88 %{!mt:%{!pthread:-a shared -lc -a archive}}}}}\ 89 %{p:%{!pg:%{static:%{mgnu-ld:-a shared}%{!mgnu-ld:-a archive_shared}}\ 90 -lprof %{static:-a archive}\ 91 %{fopenacc|fopenmp|ftree-parallelize-loops=*:\ 92 %{static:-a shared} -lrt %{static:-a archive}}\ 93 %{mt|pthread:-lpthread} -lc\ 94 %{static:%{!nolibdld:-a shared -ldld -a archive -lc}\ 95 %{!mt:%{!pthread:-a shared -lc -a archive}}}}}\ 96 %{pg:%{static:%{mgnu-ld:-a shared}%{!mgnu-ld:-a archive_shared}}\ 97 -lgprof %{static:-a archive}\ 98 %{fopenacc|fopenmp|ftree-parallelize-loops=*:\ 99 %{static:-a shared} -lrt %{static:-a archive}}\ 100 %{mt|pthread:-lpthread} -lc\ 101 %{static:%{!nolibdld:-a shared -ldld -a archive -lc}\ 102 %{!mt:%{!pthread:-a shared -lc -a archive}}}}}\ 103 %{shared:%{mt|pthread:-lpthread}}" 104#endif 105 106/* The libgcc_stub.a and milli.a libraries need to come last. */ 107#undef LINK_GCC_C_SEQUENCE_SPEC 108#define LINK_GCC_C_SEQUENCE_SPEC "\ 109 %G %L %G %{!nostdlib:%{!nodefaultlibs:%{!shared:-lgcc_stub}\ 110 milli.a%s}}" 111 112/* Under hpux11, the normal location of the `ld' and `as' programs is the 113 /usr/ccs/bin directory. */ 114 115#ifndef CROSS_DIRECTORY_STRUCTURE 116#undef MD_EXEC_PREFIX 117#define MD_EXEC_PREFIX "/usr/ccs/bin" 118#endif 119 120/* Default prefixes. */ 121 122#undef STANDARD_STARTFILE_PREFIX_1 123#define STANDARD_STARTFILE_PREFIX_1 "/lib/pa20_64/" 124 125#undef STANDARD_STARTFILE_PREFIX_2 126#define STANDARD_STARTFILE_PREFIX_2 "/usr/lib/pa20_64/" 127 128/* Under hpux11 the normal location of the various pa20_64 *crt*.o files 129 is the /usr/ccs/lib/pa20_64 directory. Some files may also be in the 130 /opt/langtools/lib/pa20_64 directory. */ 131 132#ifndef CROSS_DIRECTORY_STRUCTURE 133#undef MD_STARTFILE_PREFIX 134#define MD_STARTFILE_PREFIX "/usr/ccs/lib/pa20_64/" 135#endif 136 137#ifndef CROSS_DIRECTORY_STRUCTURE 138#undef MD_STARTFILE_PREFIX_1 139#define MD_STARTFILE_PREFIX_1 "/opt/langtools/lib/pa20_64/" 140#endif 141 142/* This macro specifies the biggest alignment supported by the object 143 file format of this machine. 144 145 The .align directive in the HP assembler allows alignments up to 146 4096 bytes. However, the maximum alignment of a global common symbol 147 is 16 bytes using HP ld. Unfortunately, this macro doesn't provide 148 a method to check for common symbols. */ 149#undef MAX_OFILE_ALIGNMENT 150#define MAX_OFILE_ALIGNMENT 32768 151 152/* Due to limitations in the target structure, it isn't currently possible 153 to dynamically switch between the GNU and HP assemblers. */ 154#undef TARGET_GAS 155 156/* Configure selects the standard ELFOS defines for use with GAS. */ 157#ifdef USING_ELFOS_H 158 159/* We are using GAS. */ 160#define TARGET_GAS 1 161 162#undef TARGET_ASM_FILE_START 163#define TARGET_ASM_FILE_START pa_hpux64_gas_file_start 164 165/* This is how we output a null terminated string. */ 166#undef STRING_ASM_OP 167#define STRING_ASM_OP "\t.stringz\t" 168 169#define TEXT_SECTION_ASM_OP "\t.text" 170#define DATA_SECTION_ASM_OP "\t.data" 171#define BSS_SECTION_ASM_OP "\t.section\t.bss" 172 173#define JCR_SECTION_NAME ".jcr" 174 175#define HP_INIT_ARRAY_SECTION_ASM_OP "\t.section\t.init" 176#define GNU_INIT_ARRAY_SECTION_ASM_OP "\t.section\t.init_array" 177#define HP_FINI_ARRAY_SECTION_ASM_OP "\t.section\t.fini" 178#define GNU_FINI_ARRAY_SECTION_ASM_OP "\t.section\t.fini_array" 179 180/* We need to override the following two macros defined in elfos.h since 181 the .comm directive has a different syntax and it can't be used for 182 local common symbols. */ 183#undef ASM_OUTPUT_ALIGNED_COMMON 184#define ASM_OUTPUT_ALIGNED_COMMON(FILE, NAME, SIZE, ALIGN) \ 185 pa_asm_output_aligned_common (FILE, NAME, SIZE, ALIGN) 186 187#undef ASM_OUTPUT_ALIGNED_LOCAL 188#define ASM_OUTPUT_ALIGNED_LOCAL(FILE, NAME, SIZE, ALIGN) \ 189 pa_asm_output_aligned_local (FILE, NAME, SIZE, ALIGN) 190 191/* The define in pa.h doesn't work with the alias attribute. The 192 default is ok with the following define for GLOBAL_ASM_OP. */ 193#undef TARGET_ASM_GLOBALIZE_LABEL 194 195/* This is how we globalize a label. */ 196#define GLOBAL_ASM_OP "\t.globl\t" 197 198/* Hacked version from defaults.h that uses assemble_name_raw 199 instead of assemble_name. A symbol in a type directive that 200 isn't otherwise referenced doesn't cause the symbol to be 201 placed in the symbol table of the assembled object. */ 202#undef ASM_OUTPUT_TYPE_DIRECTIVE 203#define ASM_OUTPUT_TYPE_DIRECTIVE(STREAM, NAME, TYPE) \ 204do { \ 205 fputs (TYPE_ASM_OP, STREAM); \ 206 assemble_name_raw (STREAM, NAME); \ 207 fputs (", ", STREAM); \ 208 fprintf (STREAM, TYPE_OPERAND_FMT, TYPE); \ 209 putc ('\n', STREAM); \ 210} while (0) 211 212/* Hacked version from elfos.h that doesn't output a label. */ 213#undef ASM_DECLARE_FUNCTION_NAME 214#define ASM_DECLARE_FUNCTION_NAME(FILE, NAME, DECL) \ 215do { \ 216 ASM_OUTPUT_TYPE_DIRECTIVE (FILE, NAME, "function"); \ 217 ASM_DECLARE_RESULT (FILE, DECL_RESULT (DECL)); \ 218} while (0) 219 220/* The type of external references must be set correctly for the 221 dynamic loader to work correctly. This is equivalent to the 222 HP assembler's .IMPORT directive but relates more directly to 223 ELF object file types. */ 224#undef ASM_OUTPUT_EXTERNAL 225#define ASM_OUTPUT_EXTERNAL(FILE, DECL, NAME) \ 226 pa_hpux_asm_output_external ((FILE), (DECL), (NAME)) 227#define ASM_OUTPUT_EXTERNAL_REAL(FILE, DECL, NAME) \ 228do { \ 229 if (FUNCTION_NAME_P (NAME)) \ 230 ASM_OUTPUT_TYPE_DIRECTIVE (FILE, NAME, "function"); \ 231 else \ 232 ASM_OUTPUT_TYPE_DIRECTIVE (FILE, NAME, "object"); \ 233 default_elf_asm_output_external (FILE, DECL, NAME); \ 234} while (0) 235 236/* We need set the type for external libcalls. Also note that not all 237 libcall names are passed to targetm.encode_section_info (e.g., __main). 238 Thus, we also have to do the section encoding if it hasn't been done 239 already. */ 240#undef ASM_OUTPUT_EXTERNAL_LIBCALL 241#define ASM_OUTPUT_EXTERNAL_LIBCALL(FILE, FUN) \ 242do { \ 243 if (!FUNCTION_NAME_P (XSTR (FUN, 0))) \ 244 pa_encode_label (FUN); \ 245 ASM_OUTPUT_TYPE_DIRECTIVE (FILE, XSTR (FUN, 0), "function"); \ 246} while (0) 247 248/* We need to use the HP style for internal labels. */ 249#undef ASM_GENERATE_INTERNAL_LABEL 250#define ASM_GENERATE_INTERNAL_LABEL(LABEL, PREFIX, NUM) \ 251 sprintf (LABEL, "*%c$%s%04ld", (PREFIX)[0], (PREFIX) + 1, (long)(NUM)) 252 253#else /* USING_ELFOS_H */ 254 255/* We are not using GAS. */ 256#define TARGET_GAS 0 257 258/* HPUX 11 has the "new" HP assembler. It's still lousy, but it's a whole 259 lot better than the assembler shipped with older versions of hpux. 260 However, it doesn't support weak symbols and is a bad fit with ELF. */ 261#undef NEW_HP_ASSEMBLER 262#define NEW_HP_ASSEMBLER 1 263 264/* It looks like DWARF2 will be the easiest debug format to handle on this 265 platform. */ 266#define DWARF2_DEBUGGING_INFO 1 267#define PREFERRED_DEBUGGING_TYPE DWARF2_DEBUG 268 269/* This target uses the ELF object file format. */ 270#define OBJECT_FORMAT_ELF 271 272#undef TARGET_ASM_FILE_START 273#define TARGET_ASM_FILE_START pa_hpux64_hpas_file_start 274 275#undef TEXT_SECTION_ASM_OP 276#define TEXT_SECTION_ASM_OP "\t.SUBSPA $CODE$\n" 277#undef READONLY_DATA_SECTION_ASM_OP 278#define READONLY_DATA_SECTION_ASM_OP "\t.SUBSPA $LIT$\n" 279#undef DATA_SECTION_ASM_OP 280#define DATA_SECTION_ASM_OP "\t.SUBSPA $DATA$\n" 281#undef BSS_SECTION_ASM_OP 282#define BSS_SECTION_ASM_OP "\t.SUBSPA $BSS$\n" 283 284/* We provide explicit defines for CTORS_SECTION_ASM_OP and 285 DTORS_SECTION_ASM_OP since we don't yet have support for 286 named sections with the HP assembler. */ 287#undef CTORS_SECTION_ASM_OP 288#define CTORS_SECTION_ASM_OP "\t.SUBSPA \\.ctors,QUAD=1,ALIGN=8,ACCESS=31" 289#undef DTORS_SECTION_ASM_OP 290#define DTORS_SECTION_ASM_OP "\t.SUBSPA \\.dtors,QUAD=1,ALIGN=8,ACCESS=31" 291 292#define HP_INIT_ARRAY_SECTION_ASM_OP \ 293 "\t.SUBSPA \\.init,QUAD=1,ALIGN=8,ACCESS=31" 294#define GNU_INIT_ARRAY_SECTION_ASM_OP \ 295 "\t.SUBSPA \\.init_array,QUAD=1,ALIGN=8,ACCESS=31" 296#define HP_FINI_ARRAY_SECTION_ASM_OP \ 297 "\t.SUBSPA \\.fini,QUAD=1,ALIGN=8,ACCESS=31" 298#define GNU_FINI_ARRAY_SECTION_ASM_OP \ 299 "\t.SUBSPA \\.fini_array,QUAD=1,ALIGN=8,ACCESS=31" 300 301#endif /* USING_ELFOS_H */ 302 303/* The following defines, used to run constructors and destructors with 304 the SOM linker under HP-UX 11, are not needed. */ 305#undef HAS_INIT_SECTION 306#undef LD_INIT_SWITCH 307#undef LD_FINI_SWITCH 308 309/* The following STARTFILE_SPEC and ENDFILE_SPEC defines provide the 310 magic needed to run initializers and finalizers. */ 311#undef STARTFILE_SPEC 312#if TARGET_HPUX_11_31 313#define STARTFILE_SPEC \ 314 "%{!shared: %{!symbolic: crt0%O%s} \ 315 %{munix=95:unix95.o%s} %{munix=98:unix98.o%s} \ 316 %{!munix=93:%{!munix=95:%{!munix=98:unix2003%O%s}}}} \ 317 %{static:crtbeginT%O%s} \ 318 %{!static:%{!shared:crtbegin%O%s} %{shared:crtbeginS%O%s}}" 319#elif TARGET_HPUX_11_11 320#define STARTFILE_SPEC \ 321 "%{!shared: %{!symbolic: crt0%O%s} %{munix=95:unix95.o%s} \ 322 %{!munix=93:%{!munix=95:unix98%O%s}}} %{static:crtbeginT%O%s} \ 323 %{!static:%{!shared:crtbegin%O%s} %{shared:crtbeginS%O%s}}" 324#else 325#define STARTFILE_SPEC \ 326 "%{!shared: %{!symbolic: crt0%O%s} %{munix=95:unix95%O%s}} \ 327 %{static:crtbeginT%O%s} %{!static:%{!shared:crtbegin%O%s} \ 328 %{shared:crtbeginS%O%s}}" 329#endif 330#undef ENDFILE_SPEC 331#define ENDFILE_SPEC "%{!shared:crtend%O%s} %{shared:crtendS%O%s}" 332 333/* Since HP uses the .init and .fini sections for array initializers 334 and finalizers, we need different defines for INIT_SECTION_ASM_OP 335 and FINI_SECTION_ASM_OP. With the implementation adopted below, 336 the sections are not actually used. However, we still must provide 337 defines to select the proper code path. */ 338#undef INIT_SECTION_ASM_OP 339#define INIT_SECTION_ASM_OP "" 340#undef FINI_SECTION_ASM_OP 341#define FINI_SECTION_ASM_OP 342 343/* We are using array initializers and don't want calls in the INIT 344 and FINI sections. */ 345#undef CRT_CALL_STATIC_FUNCTION 346#define CRT_CALL_STATIC_FUNCTION(SECTION_OP, FUNC) 347 348/* The init_priority attribute is not supported with HP ld. This could be 349 supported if collect2 was used with LD_INIT_SWITCH. Unfortunately, this 350 approach doesn't work with GNU ld since HP-UX doesn't support DT_INIT, 351 and therefore the -init and -fini GNU ld switches. */ 352#undef SUPPORTS_INIT_PRIORITY 353#define SUPPORTS_INIT_PRIORITY (TARGET_GNU_LD ? 1 : 0) 354 355/* We use DTOR_LIST_BEGIN to carry a bunch of hacks to allow us to use 356 the init and fini array sections with both the HP and GNU linkers. 357 The linkers setup the required dynamic entries in the dynamic segment 358 and the dynamic linker does the calls. This approach avoids using 359 collect2. 360 361 The first hack is to implement __do_global_ctors_aux in crtbegin as 362 it needs to be the first entry in the init array so that it is called 363 last. HP got the order of the init array backwards. The DT_INIT_ARRAY 364 is supposed to be executed in the same order as the addresses appear in 365 the array. DT_FINI_ARRAY is supposed to be executed in the opposite 366 order. 367 368 The second hack is a set of plabels to implement the effect of 369 CRT_CALL_STATIC_FUNCTION. HP-UX 11 only supports DI_INIT_ARRAY and 370 DT_FINI_ARRAY and they put the arrays in .init and .fini, rather than 371 in .init_array and .fini_array. The standard defines for .init and 372 .fini have the execute flag set. So, the assembler has to be hacked 373 to munge the standard flags for these sections to make them agree 374 with what the HP linker expects. With the GNU linker, we need to 375 used the .init_array and .fini_array sections. So, we set up for 376 both just in case. Once we have built the table, the linker does 377 the rest of the work. 378 379 The order is significant. Placing __do_global_ctors_aux first in 380 the list, results in it being called last. User specified initializers, 381 either using the linker +init command or a plabel, run before the 382 initializers specified here. */ 383 384/* We need to add frame_dummy to the initializer list if EH_FRAME_SECTION_NAME 385 or JCR_SECTION_NAME is defined. */ 386#if defined(EH_FRAME_SECTION_NAME) || defined(JCR_SECTION_NAME) 387#define PA_INIT_FRAME_DUMMY_ASM_OP ".dword P%frame_dummy" 388#else 389#define PA_INIT_FRAME_DUMMY_ASM_OP "" 390#endif 391 392/* The following hack sets up the .init, .init_array, .fini and 393 .fini_array sections. */ 394#define PA_CRTBEGIN_HACK \ 395asm (TEXT_SECTION_ASM_OP); \ 396static void __attribute__((used)) \ 397__do_global_ctors_aux (void) \ 398{ \ 399 func_ptr *p = __CTOR_LIST__; \ 400 while (*(p + 1)) \ 401 p++; \ 402 for (; *p != (func_ptr) -1; p--) \ 403 (*p) (); \ 404} \ 405 \ 406asm (HP_INIT_ARRAY_SECTION_ASM_OP); \ 407asm (".align 8"); \ 408asm (".dword P%__do_global_ctors_aux"); \ 409asm (PA_INIT_FRAME_DUMMY_ASM_OP); \ 410asm (GNU_INIT_ARRAY_SECTION_ASM_OP); \ 411asm (".align 8"); \ 412asm (".dword P%__do_global_ctors_aux"); \ 413asm (PA_INIT_FRAME_DUMMY_ASM_OP); \ 414asm (HP_FINI_ARRAY_SECTION_ASM_OP); \ 415asm (".align 8"); \ 416asm (".dword P%__do_global_dtors_aux"); \ 417asm (GNU_FINI_ARRAY_SECTION_ASM_OP); \ 418asm (".align 8"); \ 419asm (".dword P%__do_global_dtors_aux") 420 421/* The following two variants of DTOR_LIST_BEGIN are identical to those 422 in crtstuff.c except for the addition of the above crtbegin hack. */ 423#ifdef DTORS_SECTION_ASM_OP 424#define DTOR_LIST_BEGIN \ 425asm (DTORS_SECTION_ASM_OP); \ 426STATIC func_ptr __DTOR_LIST__[1] \ 427 __attribute__ ((aligned(sizeof(func_ptr)))) \ 428 = { (func_ptr) (-1) }; \ 429PA_CRTBEGIN_HACK 430#else 431#define DTOR_LIST_BEGIN \ 432STATIC func_ptr __DTOR_LIST__[1] \ 433 __attribute__ ((section(".dtors"), aligned(sizeof(func_ptr)))) \ 434 = { (func_ptr) (-1) }; \ 435PA_CRTBEGIN_HACK 436#endif 437 438/* If using HP ld do not call pxdb. Use size as a program that does nothing 439 and returns 0. /bin/true cannot be used because it is a script without 440 an interpreter. */ 441#define INIT_ENVIRONMENT "LD_PXDB=/usr/ccs/bin/size" 442 443/* The HPUX dynamic linker objects to undefined weak symbols, so do 444 not use them in gthr-posix.h. */ 445#define GTHREAD_USE_WEAK 0 446 447/* We don't want undefined weak references to __register_frame_info, 448 __deregister_frame_info, _Jv_RegisterClasses and __cxa_finalize 449 introduced by crtbegin.o. The GNU linker only resolves weak 450 references if they appear in a shared library. Thus, it would be 451 impossible to create a static executable if the symbols were weak. 452 So, the best solution seems to be to make the symbols strong and 453 provide an archive library of empty stub functions. */ 454#define TARGET_ATTRIBUTE_WEAK 455