FreeBSD install - a package for the installation and maintainance
of non-core utilities.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
Jordan K. Hubbard
@(#)pkg_add.1
.Dd November 25, 1994 .Dt pkg_add 1 .Os FreeBSD 2.0 .Sh NAME .Nm pkg_add .Nd a utility for installing software package distributions. .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl vInfRMS .Op Fl t Ar template .Op Fl p Ar prefix .Ar pkg-name [pkg-name ...] .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm command is used to extract packages that have been previously created with the .Xr pkg_create 1 command. .Sh WARNING f -emphasis Since the .Nm command may execute scripts or programs contained within a package file, your system may be susceptible to ``trojan horses'' or other subtle attacks from miscreants who create dangerous package files.
p You are advised to verify the competence and identity of those who provide installable package files. For extra protection, use the .Fl M flag to extract the package file, and inspect its contents and scripts to insure it poses no danger to your system's integrity. Pay particular attention to any +INSTALL, +DEINSTALL, +REQUIRE or +MTREE_DIRS files, and inspect the +CONTENTS file for .Cm @cwd , .Cm @mode (check for setuid), .Cm @dirrm , .Cm @exec , and .Cm @unexec directives, and/or use the .Xr pkg_info 1 command to examine the package file. .Ef .Sh OPTIONS The following command line arguments are supported. l -tag -width indent t Ar pkg-name [... pkg-name] The named packages are installed. A package name of - will cause .Nm to read from stdin. t Fl v Turns on verbose output. .Em "Optional." t Fl I If an installation script exists for a given package, do not execute it. .Em "Optional." t Fl n Don't actually install a package, just report the steps that would be taken if it was. .Em "Optional." t Fl R Do not record the installation of a package. This means that you cannot deinstall it later, so only use this option if you know what you are doing! .Em "Optional." t Fl f Forces installation to proceed even if prerequisite packages are not installed or the requirements script fails. .Em "Optional." t Fl p Ar prefix Sets .Ar prefix as the directory in which to extract files from a package. If a package has set its default directory, it will be overridden by this flag. Note that only the first .Cm @cwd directive will be replaced, since .Nm has no way of knowing which directory settings are relative and which are absolute. It is rare in any case to see more than one directory transition made, but when such does happen and you wish to have control over *all* directory transitions, then you may then wish to look into the use of .Cm MASTER and .Cm SLAVE modes (see the .Fl M and .Fl S options). .Em "Optional." t Fl t Ar template Use .Ar template as the input to .Xr mktemp 3 when creating a ``staging area.'' By default, this is the string
a /var/tmp/instmp.XXXXXX , but it may be necessary to override it in the situation where space in your
a /tmp directory is limited. Be sure to leave some number of `X' characters for .Xr mktemp 3 to fill in with a unique ID.
p You can get a performance boost by setting the staging area .Ar template to reside on the same disk partition as target directories for package file installation; often this is
a /usr . .Em "Optional." t Fl M Run in .Cm MASTER mode. This is a very specialized mode for running .Nm and is meant to be run in conjunction with .Cm SLAVE mode. When run in this mode, .Nm does no work beyond extracting the package into a temporary staging area (see the .Fl t option), reading in the packing list, and then dumping it (prefaced by the current staging area) to stdout where it may be filtered by a program such as .Xr sed 1 . When used in conjunction with .Cm SLAVE mode, it allows you to make radical changes to the package structure before acting on its contents. t Fl S Run in .Cm SLAVE mode. This is a very specialized mode for running .Nm and is meant to be run in conjunction with .Cm MASTER mode. When run in this mode, .Nm expects the release contents to be already extracted and waiting in the staging area, the location of which is read as a string from stdin. The complete packing list is also read from stdin, and the contents then acted on as normal. .El
p One or more .Ar pkg-name arguments may be specified, each being either a file containing the package (these usually ending with the ``.tgz'' suffix) or a URL pointing at a file available on an ftp site. Thus you may extract files directly from their anonymous ftp locations (e.g. .Nm ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/packages/shells/bash-1.14.4.tgz). Note: If you wish to use f -emphasis passive mode .Ef ftp in such transfers, set the variable f -emphasis FTP_PASSIVE_MODE .Ef to some value in your environment. Otherwise, the more standard ACTIVE mode may be used. If .Nm consistently fails to fetch a package from a site known to work, it may be because you have a firewall that demands the usage of f -emphasis passive mode .Ef ftp. .Sh TECHNICAL DETAILS .Nm is fairly simple. It extracts each packages' "packing list" into a special staging directory in /tmp (or $PKG_TMPDIR if set), parses it, then runs through the following sequence to fully extract the contents: l -enum -indent indent t Check if the package is already recorded as installed. If so, terminate installation. t Scan all the package dependencies (from .Cm @pkgdep directives, see .Xr pkg_create 1 ) and make sure each one is met. If not, print the missing dependencies and terminate the installation. t Search for any .Cm @option directives which control how the package is added to the system. At the time of this writing, the only currently implemented option is .Cm @option extract-in-place which will cause the package to be extracted direcly into its prefix directory without moving through a staging area in /tmp. t If .Cm @option extract-in-place is enabled, the package is now extracted directly into its final location, otherwise it is extracted into the staging area. t If the package contains a .Ar require file (see .Xr pkg_create 1 ), then execute it with the following arguments: d -filled -offset indent -compact .Ar pkg-name .Ar INSTALL .Ed where .Ar pkg-name is the name of the package in question and the .Ar INSTALL keyword denotes this as an installation requirements check (useful if you want to have one script serving multiple functions). t If an .Ar install script exists for the package, it is then executed with the following arguments: d -filled -offset indent -compact .Ar pkg-name .Ar PRE-INSTALL .Ed where .Ar pkg-name is the name of the package in question and .Ar PRE-INSTALL is a keyword denoting this as the preinstallation phase. t If .Cm @option extract-in-place is not used, then the packing list (this is the
a +CONTENTS file) is now used as a guide for moving (or copying, as necessary) files from the staging area into their final locations. t If the package contains an .Ar mtreefile file (see .Xr pkg_create 1 ), then mtree is invoked as: d -filled -offset indent -compact .Cm mtree .Fl u .Fl f .Ar mtreefile .Fl d .Fl e .Fl p
a prefix .Ed where
a prefix is either the prefix specified with the .Fl p flag or, if no .Fl p flag was specified, the name of the first directory named by a .Cm @cwd directive within this package. t If an .Ar install script exists for the package, it is then executed as d -filled -offset indent -compact .Cm script .Ar pkg-name .Ar POST-INSTALL .Ed This all allows you to write a single .Ar install script that does both ``before and after'' actions. t After installation is complete, a copy of the packing list, .Ar deinstall script, description, and display files are copied into
a /var/db/pkg/<pkg-name> for subsequent possible use by .Xr pkg_delete 1 . Any package dependencies are recorded in the other packages'
a /var/db/pkg/<other-pkg>/+REQUIRED_BY file (if the environment variable PKG_DBDIR is set, this overrides the
a /var/db/pkg/ path shown above). t Finally, the staging area is deleted and the program terminates. .El
p All the scripts are called with the environment variable .Ev PKG_PREFIX set to the installation prefix (see the .Fl p option above). This allows a package author to write a script that reliably performs some action on the directory where the package is installed, even if the user might change it with the .Fl p flag to .Cm pkg_add . .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr pkg_info 1 , .Xr mktemp 3 , .Xr sysconf 3 , .Xr mtree 8 , .Xr pkg_create 1 , .Xr pkg_delete 1 . .Sh AUTHORS l -tag -width indent -compact t "Jordan Hubbard" Initial work and ongoing development. t "John Kohl" NetBSD refinements. .El .Sh BUGS Hard links between files in a distribution are only preserved if either (1) the staging area is on the same file system as the target directory of all the links to the file, or (2) all the links to the file are bracketed by .Cm @cwd directives in the contents file, .Em and and the link names are extracted with a single .Cm tar command (not split between invocations due to exec argument-space limitations--this depends on the value returned by .Fn sysconf _SC_ARG_MAX ) .
p Sure to be others.