bsd-family-tree revision 152003
1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 156 | | 10.2 | | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 162 | | \ | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 164 | | | | | | | 165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 168 | | | | | v | 169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 170 | | | | | | 171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 174 | | | | \ 175FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 176 | | | | | 177FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 178 | \ | | | | 179 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 180 | 10.3 | | | 181FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 182 | | | | | | 183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 184 | | | | | 185 *---FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 187 | | | NetBSD 2.0 | | 188 | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 189 | | Mac OS X | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 190 | FreeBSD 5.4 10.4 | | | | 191 | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 192 | V | | v | | 193 | | | | | 194 *---FreeBSD 6.0 | | OpenBSD 3.8 | 195 | | | | | | 196 | V | | | | 197 | | | | | 198FreeBSD 7 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 199 | | | | | 200 v v v v v 201 202Time 203---------------- 204 205Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 206was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 207 208[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 209 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 210 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 211[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 212[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 213[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 214[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 215[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 216[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 217 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 218[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 219 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 220[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 221 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 222 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 223[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 224[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 225[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 226[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 227[USE] Usenet announcement. 228[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 229[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 230 231Multics 1965 232UNIX Summer 1969 233 DEC PDP-7 234First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 235 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 236Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 237 10 UNIX installations 238Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 239 Pipes, 16 installations 240Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 241 rewriting in C effected, 242 above 30 installations 243Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 244 above 50 installations 245Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 246 port to DEC Vax 247Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 248 first portable UNIX 249Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 250 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 251 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 252 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 253 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 254 and networking part by the streams mechanism 255 256Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 257Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 258 2591BSD late 1977 260 1978-03-09 [QCU] 261 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 262 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 263 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2642BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 265 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2662.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2672.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 268 2692.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 270 set of performance improvements 2712.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2722.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2732.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2742.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2752.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2762.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2772.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 278 27932V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2803BSD late 1979 [QCU] 281 virtual memory, page replacement, 282 demand paging 2834.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2844.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 2854.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 286 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2874.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2884.1cBSD late 1982 289 beta release, IPC [44B] 2904.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 291 1983-08-03 [DOC] 2924.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 293 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 2944.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 2954.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 296 1989-01-01 [DOC] 2974.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 2984.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 299 300BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 301 first code released to people outside BSDI 302386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 303BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 304BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 305386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 3064.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 307BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 308 first external gamma; G customers 309BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 310 would have been 1.0 except for request 311 for preliminary injunction 312BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 313 injunction denied; first official release 314NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 3154.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 316NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 317FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 318BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 3194.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 320FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 321FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 322FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 323 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 324NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 325386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 326FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 327BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 328FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 329BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 3304.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 331 the true final distribution from the CSRG 332FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 333NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 334BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 335FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 336NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 337OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 338FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 339FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 340Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 341FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 342BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 343FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 344FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 345FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 346NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 347OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 348FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 349OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 350NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 351FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 352NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 353BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 354OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 355NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 356FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 357BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 358 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 359FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 360 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 361 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 362 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 363FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 364OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 365NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 366FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 367BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 368NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 369FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 370OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 371NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 372FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 373OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 374FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 375BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 376FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 377NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 378OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 379FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 380FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 381FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 382FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 383FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 384NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 385BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 386OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 387NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 388Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 389FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 390OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 391NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 392NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 393FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 394Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 395OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 396FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 397BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 398OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 399FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 400NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 401FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 402Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 403NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 404FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 405OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 406FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 407 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 408 -current, similar to 3.0. 409FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 410NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 411OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 412BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 413FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 414Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 415FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 416BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 417OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 418FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 419FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 420NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 421OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 422FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 423DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 424OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 425FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 426NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 427FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 428DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 429NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 430Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 431FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 432OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 433OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 434FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD] 435 436Bibliography 437------------------------ 438 439Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 440Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 441System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 442 443Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 444Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 445 446McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 447Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 448System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 449 450McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 451Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 452Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 453 454Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 455 456Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 457Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 458Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 459 460Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 461URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 462 463Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 464Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 465 466BSD Release Announcements collection. 467URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 468 469BSD Hypertext Man Pages 470URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 471 472UNIX history graphing project 473URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 474 475UNIX history 476URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 477 478James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 479URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 480("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 481 482 483Acknowledgments 484--------------- 485 486Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 487original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 488 489Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 490 491-- 492Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 493URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 494 495$FreeBSD: head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 152003 2005-11-03 07:59:58Z maxim $ 496