bsd-family-tree revision 129793
1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | v | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | | 156 | | 10.2 | v | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | | | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 162 | | | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 164 | | | | | | 165 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 166 | | | | | | 167 | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 168 | | | | v | 169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | 170 | | | | | 171 | v | | | 172 | | | | 173FreeBSD 5.0 | | | 174 | | | | 175FreeBSD 5.1 | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current 176 | \ | | | 177 | ----- Mac OS X | | 178 | 10.3 | | 179FreeBSD 5.2 | | | 180 | | | | | 181 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | 182 | | | | 183FreeBSD 5 -current | | | 184 | | | | 185 v v v v 186 187Time 188---------------- 189 190Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 191was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 192 193[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 194 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 195 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 196[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 197[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 198[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 199[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 200[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 201 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 202[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 203 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 204[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 205 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 206 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 207[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 208[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 209[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 210[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 211[USE] Usenet announcement. 212[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 213[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 214 215Multics 1965 216UNIX Summer 1969 217 DEC PDP-7 218First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 219 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 220Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 221 10 UNIX installations 222Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 223 Pipes, 16 installations 224Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 225 rewriting in C effected, 226 above 30 installations 227Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 228 above 50 installations 229Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 230 port to DEC Vax 231Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 232 first portable UNIX 233Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 234 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 235 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 236 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 237 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 238 and networking part by the streams mechanism 239 240Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 241Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 242 2431BSD late 1977 244 1978-03-09 [QCU] 245 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 246 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 247 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2482BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 249 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2502.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2512.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 252 2532.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 254 set of performance improvements 2552.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2562.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2572.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2582.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2592.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2602.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2612.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 262 26332V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2643BSD late 1979 [QCU] 265 virtual memory, page replacement, 266 demand paging 2674.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2684.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 2694.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 270 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2714.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2724.1cBSD late 1982 273 beta release, IPC [44B] 2744.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 275 1983-08-03 [DOC] 2764.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 277 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 2784.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 2794.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 280 1989-01-01 [DOC] 2814.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 2824.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 283 284BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 285 first code released to people outside BSDI 286386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 287BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 288BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 289386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 2904.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 291BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 292 first external gamma; G customers 293BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 294 would have been 1.0 except for request 295 for preliminary injunction 296BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 297 injunction denied; first official release 298NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 2994.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 300NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 301FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 302BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 3034.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 304FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD] 305FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD] 306 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release. 307NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 308386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 309FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD] 310BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 311FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 312BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 3134.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 314 the true final distribution from the CSRG 315FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 316NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 317BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 318FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 319NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 320OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 321FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 322FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 323Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 324FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 325BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 326FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 327FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 328FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 329NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 330OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 331FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 332OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 333NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 334FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 335NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 336BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 337OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 338NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 339FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 340BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 341 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 342FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 343 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 344 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 345 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 346FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 347OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 348NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 349FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 350BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 351NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 352FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 353OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 354NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 355FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 356OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 357FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 358BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 359FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 360NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 361OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 362FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 363FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 364FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 365FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 366FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 367NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 368BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 369OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 370NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 371Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 372FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 373OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 374NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 375NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 376FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 377Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 378OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 379FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 380BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 381OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 382FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 383NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 384FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 385Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 386NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 387FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 388OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 389FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 390 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 391 -current, similar to 3.0. 392FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 393NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 394OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 395BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 396FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 397Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 398FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 399BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 400OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 401FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 402FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 403NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 404OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 405FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 406 407Bibliography 408------------------------ 409 410Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 411Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 412System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 413 414Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 415Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 416 417McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 418Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 419System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 420 421Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 422 423Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 424Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 425Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 426 427Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 428URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable) 429 430Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 431Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 432 433BSD Release Announcements collection. 434URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 435 436BSD Hypertext Man Pages 437URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 438 439UNIX history graphing project 440URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 441 442UNIX history 443URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 444 445James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 446URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 447("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 448 449 450Acknowledgments 451--------------- 452 453Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 454original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 455 456Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 457 458-- 459Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 460URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 461 462$FreeBSD: head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 129793 2004-05-28 00:12:38Z hrs $ 463