bsd-family-tree revision 160663
1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 156 | | 10.2 | | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 162 | | \ | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 164 | | | | | | | 165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 168 | | | | | v | 169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 170 | | | | | | 171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 174 | | | | \ 175FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 176 | | | | | 177FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 178 | \ | | | | 179 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 180 | 10.3 | | | 181FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 182 | | | | | | 183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 184 | | | | | 185 *-------FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 187 | | | NetBSD 2.0 | | 188 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 189 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 190 | | 10.4 | | | | | 191 | FreeBSD 5.4 | | | | | | 192 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 193 | | | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 194 | | | | | | | | 195 *--FreeBSD | | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 | 196 | 6.0 | | | | | | 197 | | | | | \ | | 198 | | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 199 | | | | | | | 200 | | | | NetBSD 3.0 | | 201 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0 202 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 | 203 | FreeBSD | | | | | | 204 | 6.1 | | | | | | 205 | | FreeBSD 5.5 | | \ | | 206 | V | | NetBSD 3.0.1 | DragonFly 1.6.0 207 | | | | | 208FreeBSD 7 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 209 | | | | | 210 v v v v v 211 212Time 213---------------- 214 215Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 216was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 217 218[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 219 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 220 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 221[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 222[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 223[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 224[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 225[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 226[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 227 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 228[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 229 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 230[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 231 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 232 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 233[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 234[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 235[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 236[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 237[USE] Usenet announcement. 238[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 239[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 240 241Multics 1965 242UNIX Summer 1969 243 DEC PDP-7 244First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 245 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 246Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 247 10 UNIX installations 248Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 249 Pipes, 16 installations 250Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 251 rewriting in C effected, 252 above 30 installations 253Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 254 above 50 installations 255Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 256 port to DEC Vax 257Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 258 first portable UNIX 259Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 260 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 261 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 262 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 263 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 264 and networking part by the streams mechanism 265 266Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 267Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 268 2691BSD late 1977 270 1978-03-09 [QCU] 271 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 272 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 273 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2742BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 275 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2762.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2772.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 278 2792.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 280 set of performance improvements 2812.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2822.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2832.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2842.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2852.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2862.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2872.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 288 28932V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2903BSD late 1979 [QCU] 291 virtual memory, page replacement, 292 demand paging 2934.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2944.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 2954.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 296 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2974.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2984.1cBSD late 1982 299 beta release, IPC [44B] 3004.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 301 1983-08-03 [DOC] 3024.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 303 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 3044.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 3054.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 306 1989-01-01 [DOC] 3074.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 3084.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 309 310BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 311 first code released to people outside BSDI 312386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 313BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 314BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 315386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 3164.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 317BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 318 first external gamma; G customers 319BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 320 would have been 1.0 except for request 321 for preliminary injunction 322BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 323 injunction denied; first official release 324NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 3254.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 326NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 327FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 328BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 3294.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 330FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 331FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 332FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 333 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 334NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 335386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 336FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 337BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 338FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 339BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 3404.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 341 the true final distribution from the CSRG 342FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 343NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 344BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 345FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 346NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 347OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 348FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 349FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 350Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 351FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 352BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 353FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 354FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 355FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 356NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 357OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 358FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 359OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 360NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 361FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 362NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 363BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 364OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 365NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 366FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 367BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 368 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 369FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 370 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 371 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 372 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 373FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 374OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 375NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 376FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 377BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 378NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 379FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 380OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 381NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 382FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 383OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 384FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 385BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 386FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 387NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 388OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 389FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 390FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 391FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 392FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 393FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 394NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 395BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 396OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 397NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 398Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 399FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 400OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 401NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 402NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 403FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 404Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 405OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 406FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 407BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 408OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 409FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 410NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 411FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 412Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 413NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 414FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 415OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 416FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 417 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 418 -current, similar to 3.0. 419FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 420NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 421OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 422BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 423FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 424Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 425FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 426BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 427OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 428FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 429FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 430NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 431OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 432FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 433DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 434OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 435FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 436NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 437FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 438DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 439NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 440Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 441FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 442OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 443NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 444OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 445FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD] 446NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 447NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD] 448DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB] 449OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD] 450FreeBSD 6.1 2006-05-08 [FBD] 451FreeBSD 5.5 2006-05-25 [FBD] 452NetBSD 3.0.1 2006-07-24 [NBD] 453DragonFly 1.6.0 2006-07-24 [DFB] 454 455Bibliography 456------------------------ 457 458Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 459Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 460System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 461 462Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 463Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 464 465McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 466Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 467System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 468 469McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 470Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 471Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 472 473Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 474 475Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 476Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 477Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 478 479Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 480URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 481 482Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 483Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 484 485BSD Release Announcements collection. 486URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 487 488BSD Hypertext Man Pages 489URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 490 491UNIX history graphing project 492URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 493 494UNIX history 495URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 496 497James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 498URL: http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 499("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 500 501 502Acknowledgments 503--------------- 504 505Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 506original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 507 508Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 509 510-- 511Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 512URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 513 514$FreeBSD: head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 160663 2006-07-25 13:31:00Z maxim $ 515