bsd-family-tree revision 104772
1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | v | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4 | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | | | | | 150 | | | | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | 152 | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | v 155 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 156 | | | | | | 157 | v | | v | 158 | | | | 159FreeBSD 5.0-current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current 160 | | | | 161 v Mac OS X v v 162 10.1 163 164Time 165---------------- 166 167Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 168was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 169 170[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 171 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 172 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 173[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 174[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 175[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 176[U25] Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. 177[USE] Usenet announcement. 178[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 179 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 180 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 181[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 182 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 183[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 184 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 185[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 186[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 187[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 188[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 189[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 190[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 191[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 192 193Multics 1965 194UNIX Summer 1969 195 DEC PDP-7 196First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 197 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 198Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 199 10 UNIX installations 200Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 201 Pipes, 16 installations 202Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 203 rewriting in C effected, 204 above 30 installations 205Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 206 above 50 installations 207Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 208 port to DEC Vax 209Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 210 first portable UNIX 211Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 212 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 213 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 214 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 215 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 216 and networking part by the streams mechanism 217 218Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 219Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 220 2211BSD late 1977 222 1978-03-09 [QCU] 223 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 224 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 225 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2262BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 227 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2282.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2292.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 230 2312.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 232 set of performance improvements 2332.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2342.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2352.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2362.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2372.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2382.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2392.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 240 24132V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2423BSD late 1979 [QCU] 243 virtual memory, page replacement, 244 demand paging 2454.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2464.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 2474.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 248 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2494.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2504.1cBSD late 1982 251 beta release, IPC [44B] 2524.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 253 1983-08-03 [DOC] 2544.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 255 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 2564.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 2574.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 258 1989-01-01 [DOC] 2594.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 2604.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 261 262BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 263 first code released to people outside BSDI 264386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 265BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 266BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 267386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 2684.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 269BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 270 first external gamma; G customers 271BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 272 would have been 1.0 except for request 273 for preliminary injunction 274BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 275 injunction denied; first official release 276NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 2774.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 278NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 279FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 280BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 2814.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 282FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD] 283FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD] 284 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release. 285NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 286386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 287FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD] 288BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 289FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 290BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 2914.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 292 the true final distribution from the CSRG 293FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 294NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 295BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 296FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 297NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 298OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 299FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 300FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 301Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 302FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 303BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 304FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 305FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 306FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 307NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 308OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 309FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 310OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 311NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 312FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 313NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 314BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 315OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 316NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 317FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 318BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 319 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 320FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 321 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 322 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 323 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 324FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 325OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 326NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 327FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 328BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 329NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 330FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 331OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 332NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 333FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 334OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 335FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 336BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 337FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 338NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 339OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 340FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 341FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 342FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 343FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 344FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 345NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 346BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 347OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 348NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 349Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 350FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 351OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 352NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 353NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 354FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 355Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-xx [APL] 356OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 357FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 358BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 359OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 360FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 361NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 362FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 363 364Bibliography 365------------------------ 366 367Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 368Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 369System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 370 371Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 372Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 373 374McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 375Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 376System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 377 378Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 379 380Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 381Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 382Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 383 384Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 385URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable) 386 387Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 388Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 389 390BSD Release Announcements collection. 391URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 392 393BSD Hypertext Man Pages 394URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 395 396UNIX history graphing project 397URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 398 399UNIX history 400URL: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/levenez/unix/ 401 402James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 403URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 404("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 405 406 407Acknowledgments 408--------------- 409 410Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 411original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 412 413Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 414 415-- 416Copyright (c) 1997-2001 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 417URL: ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/branches/-current/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 418 419$FreeBSD: head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 104772 2002-10-10 08:57:39Z maxim $ 420