newfs_msdos.c revision 140384
1/* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28#ifndef lint 29static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD: head/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c 140384 2005-01-17 14:14:00Z delphij $"; 31#endif /* not lint */ 32 33#include <sys/param.h> 34#include <sys/fdcio.h> 35#include <sys/disk.h> 36#include <sys/disklabel.h> 37#include <sys/mount.h> 38#include <sys/stat.h> 39#include <sys/time.h> 40 41#include <ctype.h> 42#include <err.h> 43#include <errno.h> 44#include <fcntl.h> 45#include <paths.h> 46#include <stdio.h> 47#include <stdlib.h> 48#include <string.h> 49#include <time.h> 50#include <unistd.h> 51 52#define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 53#define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 54#define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 55 56#define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 57#define MINBPS 128 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 58#define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 59#define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 60#define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 61#define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 62#define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 63#define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 64#define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 65#define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 66#define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 67#define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 68#define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 69#define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 70 71#define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 72 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 73 MINCLS32) 74 75#define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 76 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 77 MAXCLS32) 78 79#define mk1(p, x) \ 80 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 81 82#define mk2(p, x) \ 83 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 84 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 85 86#define mk4(p, x) \ 87 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 88 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 89 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 90 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 91 92#define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 93#define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 94#define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 95#define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 96 97struct bs { 98 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 99 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 100}; 101 102struct bsbpb { 103 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 104 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 105 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 106 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 107 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 108 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 109 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 110 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 111 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 112 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 113 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 114 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 115}; 116 117struct bsxbpb { 118 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 119 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 120 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 121 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 122 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 123 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 124 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 125}; 126 127struct bsx { 128 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 129 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 130 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 131 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 132 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 133 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 134}; 135 136struct de { 137 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 138 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 139 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 140 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 141 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 142 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 143 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 144}; 145 146struct bpb { 147 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 148 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 149 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 150 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 151 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 152 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 153 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 154 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 155 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 156 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 157 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 158 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 159 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 160 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 161 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 162 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 163}; 164 165#define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 166 167static struct { 168 const char *name; 169 struct bpb bpb; 170} stdfmt[] = { 171 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 172 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 173 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 174 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 175 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 176 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 177 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 178 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 179 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 180 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 181}; 182 183static u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 184 0xfa, /* cli */ 185 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 186 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 187 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 188 0xfb, /* sti */ 189 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 190 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 191 0x5e, /* pop si */ 192 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 193 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 194 0xfc, /* cld */ 195 0xac, /* lodsb */ 196 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 197 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 198 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 199 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 200 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 201 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 202 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 203 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 204 0x0d, 0x0a, 205 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 206 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 207 0x0d, 0x0a, 208 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 209 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 210 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 211 0x0d, 0x0a, 212 0 213}; 214 215static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 216static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 217static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 218 struct bpb *); 219static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 220static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 221static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 222static int oklabel(const char *); 223static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 224static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 225static void usage(void); 226 227/* 228 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 229 */ 230int 231main(int argc, char *argv[]) 232{ 233 static char opts[] = "NB:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:"; 234 static const char *opt_B, *opt_L, *opt_O, *opt_f; 235 static u_int opt_F, opt_I, opt_S, opt_a, opt_b, opt_c, opt_e; 236 static u_int opt_h, opt_i, opt_k, opt_m, opt_n, opt_o, opt_r; 237 static u_int opt_s, opt_u; 238 static int opt_N; 239 static int Iflag, mflag, oflag; 240 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 241 struct stat sb; 242 struct timeval tv; 243 struct bpb bpb; 244 struct tm *tm; 245 struct bs *bs; 246 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 247 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 248 struct bsx *bsx; 249 struct de *de; 250 u_int8_t *img; 251 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname; 252 ssize_t n; 253 time_t now; 254 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 255 int ch, fd, fd1; 256 257 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 258 switch (ch) { 259 case 'N': 260 opt_N = 1; 261 break; 262 case 'B': 263 opt_B = optarg; 264 break; 265 case 'F': 266 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 267 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 268 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 269 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 270 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 271 break; 272 case 'I': 273 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 274 Iflag = 1; 275 break; 276 case 'L': 277 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 278 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 279 opt_L = optarg; 280 break; 281 case 'O': 282 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 283 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 284 opt_O = optarg; 285 break; 286 case 'S': 287 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 288 break; 289 case 'a': 290 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 291 break; 292 case 'b': 293 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 294 opt_c = 0; 295 break; 296 case 'c': 297 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 298 opt_b = 0; 299 break; 300 case 'e': 301 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 302 break; 303 case 'f': 304 opt_f = optarg; 305 break; 306 case 'h': 307 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 308 break; 309 case 'i': 310 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 311 break; 312 case 'k': 313 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 314 break; 315 case 'm': 316 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 317 mflag = 1; 318 break; 319 case 'n': 320 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 321 break; 322 case 'o': 323 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 324 oflag = 1; 325 break; 326 case 'r': 327 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 328 break; 329 case 's': 330 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 331 break; 332 case 'u': 333 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 334 break; 335 default: 336 usage(); 337 } 338 argc -= optind; 339 argv += optind; 340 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 341 usage(); 342 fname = *argv++; 343 if (!strchr(fname, '/')) { 344 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname); 345 if (!(fname = strdup(buf))) 346 err(1, NULL); 347 } 348 dtype = *argv; 349 if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1 || 350 fstat(fd, &sb)) 351 err(1, "%s", fname); 352 if (!opt_N) 353 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 354 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 355 warnx("warning: %s is not a character device", fname); 356 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 357 if (opt_f) { 358 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 359 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 360 bpb.sec = 0; 361 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 362 bpb.spf = 0; 363 } 364 if (opt_h) 365 bpb.hds = opt_h; 366 if (opt_u) 367 bpb.spt = opt_u; 368 if (opt_S) 369 bpb.bps = opt_S; 370 if (opt_s) 371 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 372 if (oflag) 373 bpb.hid = opt_o; 374 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) 375 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 376 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 377 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 378 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 379 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 380 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 381 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 382 if (opt_f) 383 fat = 12; 384 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 385 fat = 32; 386 } 387 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 388 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 389 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 390 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 391 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 392 bpb.rde = 0; 393 if (opt_b) { 394 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 395 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 396 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 397 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 398 opt_b, bpb.bps); 399 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 400 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 401 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 402 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 403 } 404 if (opt_c) { 405 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 406 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 407 bpb.spc = opt_c; 408 } 409 if (opt_r) 410 bpb.res = opt_r; 411 if (opt_n) { 412 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 413 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 414 opt_n, MAXNFT); 415 bpb.nft = opt_n; 416 } 417 if (opt_e) 418 bpb.rde = opt_e; 419 if (mflag) { 420 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 421 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 422 bpb.mid = opt_m; 423 } 424 if (opt_a) 425 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 426 if (opt_i) 427 bpb.infs = opt_i; 428 if (opt_k) 429 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 430 bss = 1; 431 bname = NULL; 432 fd1 = -1; 433 if (opt_B) { 434 bname = opt_B; 435 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 436 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 437 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 438 err(1, NULL); 439 } 440 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 441 err(1, "%s", bname); 442 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 443 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 444 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 445 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 446 } 447 if (!bpb.nft) 448 bpb.nft = 2; 449 if (!fat) { 450 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 451 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 452 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 453 bpb.nft + 454 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 455 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 456 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 457 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 458 fat = 12; 459 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 460 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 461 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 462 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 463 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 464 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 465 fat = 16; 466 else 467 fat = 32; 468 } 469 x = bss; 470 if (fat == 32) { 471 if (!bpb.infs) { 472 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 473 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 474 bpb.infs = x; 475 } 476 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 477 x = bpb.infs + 1; 478 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 479 if (x == MAXU16) 480 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 481 bpb.bkbs = x; 482 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 483 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 484 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 485 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 486 } 487 if (!bpb.res) 488 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x; 489 else if (bpb.res < x) 490 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors"); 491 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 492 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 493 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 494 if (!bpb.spc) 495 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 496 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 497 bpb.res + 498 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 499 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 500 rds + 501 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 502 bpb.spc <<= 1); 503 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 504 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 505 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 506 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 507 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 508 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 509 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 510 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 511 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 512 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 513 bpb.bps * NPB); 514 if (!bpb.bspf) { 515 bpb.bspf = x2; 516 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 517 } 518 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 519 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 520 if (cls > x) 521 cls = x; 522 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 523 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 524 cls); 525 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 526 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 527 mincls(fat)); 528 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 529 cls = maxcls(fat); 530 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 531 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 532 bpb.bsec); 533 } 534 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 535 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc, 536 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 537 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 538 if (!bpb.mid) 539 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 540 if (fat == 32) 541 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 542 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 543 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 544 bpb.bsec = 0; 545 } 546 if (fat != 32) { 547 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 548 bpb.bspf = 0; 549 } 550 print_bpb(&bpb); 551 if (!opt_N) { 552 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 553 now = tv.tv_sec; 554 tm = localtime(&now); 555 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 556 err(1, NULL); 557 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 558 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 559 x = lsn; 560 if (opt_B && 561 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 562 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 563 x -= bpb.bkbs; 564 if (!x && lseek(fd1, 0, SEEK_SET)) 565 err(1, "%s", bname); 566 } 567 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 568 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 569 err(1, "%s", bname); 570 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) 571 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 572 } else 573 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 574 if (!lsn || 575 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 576 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 577 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 578 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 579 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 580 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 581 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 582 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 583 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 584 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 585 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 586 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 587 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 588 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 589 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 590 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 591 if (fat == 32) { 592 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 593 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 594 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 595 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 596 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 597 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 598 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 599 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 600 } 601 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 602 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 603 if (Iflag) 604 x = opt_I; 605 else 606 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 607 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 608 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 609 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 610 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 611 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 612 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 613 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 614 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME"); 615 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat); 616 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 617 if (!opt_B) { 618 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 619 bs = (struct bs *)img; 620 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 621 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 622 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 623 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4", 624 sizeof(bs->oem)); 625 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 626 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC); 627 } 628 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 629 (lsn == bpb.infs || 630 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 631 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 632 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 633 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 28, 0x61417272); 634 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 24, 0xffffffff); 635 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 20, bpb.rdcl); 636 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC); 637 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 638 !((lsn - bpb.res) % 639 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 640 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 641 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 642 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 643 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 644 de = (struct de *)img; 645 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 646 mk1(de->attr, 050); 647 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 648 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 649 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 650 mk2(de->time, x); 651 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 652 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 653 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 654 mk2(de->date, x); 655 } 656 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 657 err(1, "%s", fname); 658 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) 659 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 660 } 661 } 662 return 0; 663} 664 665/* 666 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 667 */ 668static void 669check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 670{ 671 struct statfs *mp; 672 const char *s1, *s2; 673 size_t len; 674 int n, r; 675 676 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 677 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 678 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 679 s1 = fname; 680 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 681 s1 += len; 682 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 683 for (; n--; mp++) { 684 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 685 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 686 s2 += len; 687 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 688 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 689 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 690 } 691} 692 693/* 694 * Get a standard format. 695 */ 696static void 697getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 698{ 699 u_int x, i; 700 701 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 702 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 703 if (i == x) 704 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 705 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 706} 707 708/* 709 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 710 */ 711static void 712getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 713 struct bpb *bpb) 714{ 715 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 716 struct fd_type type; 717 off_t ms, hs = 0; 718 719 lp = NULL; 720 721 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 722 if (dtype != NULL) { 723 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 724 } 725 726 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 727 if (lp == NULL) { 728 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) 729 errx(1, "Cannot get disk size, %s", strerror(errno)); 730 if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 731 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 732 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 733 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 734 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 735 lp = &dlp; 736 } 737 } 738 739 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 740 if (lp == NULL) { 741 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) { 742 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 743 errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno)); 744 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) 745 errx(1, "Cannot get number of sectors, %s", strerror(errno)); 746 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks)== -1) 747 errx(1, "Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno)); 748 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 749 } 750 751 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 752 lp = &dlp; 753 } 754 755 if (bpb->bps == 0) 756 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 757 if (bpb->spt == 0) 758 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 759 if (bpb->hds == 0) 760 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 761 if (bpb->bsec == 0) 762 bpb->bsec = lp->d_secperunit; 763 if (bpb->hid == 0) 764 bpb->hid = hs; 765} 766 767/* 768 * Print out BPB values. 769 */ 770static void 771print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 772{ 773 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 774 bpb->nft); 775 if (bpb->rde) 776 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 777 if (bpb->sec) 778 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 779 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 780 if (bpb->spf) 781 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 782 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 783 if (bpb->bsec) 784 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 785 if (!bpb->spf) { 786 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 787 printf(" infs="); 788 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 789 printf(" bkbs="); 790 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 791 } 792 printf("\n"); 793} 794 795/* 796 * Check a disk geometry value. 797 */ 798static u_int 799ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 800{ 801 if (!val) 802 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 803 if (val > MAXU16) 804 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 805 return val; 806} 807 808/* 809 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 810 */ 811static u_int 812argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 813{ 814 char *s; 815 u_long x; 816 817 errno = 0; 818 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 819 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 820 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 821 return x; 822} 823 824/* 825 * Check a volume label. 826 */ 827static int 828oklabel(const char *src) 829{ 830 int c, i; 831 832 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 833 c = (u_char)*src++; 834 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 835 break; 836 } 837 return i && !c; 838} 839 840/* 841 * Make a volume label. 842 */ 843static void 844mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 845{ 846 int c, i; 847 848 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 849 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 850 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 851 } 852} 853 854/* 855 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 856 */ 857static void 858setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 859{ 860 while (len--) 861 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 862} 863 864/* 865 * Print usage message. 866 */ 867static void 868usage(void) 869{ 870 fprintf(stderr, 871 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n"); 872 fprintf(stderr, "where the options are:\n"); 873 fprintf(stderr, "\t-N don't create file system: " 874 "just print out parameters\n"); 875 fprintf(stderr, "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n"); 876 fprintf(stderr, "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n"); 877 fprintf(stderr, "\t-I volume ID\n"); 878 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label\n"); 879 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O OEM string\n"); 880 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S bytes/sector\n"); 881 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a sectors/FAT\n"); 882 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 883 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c sectors/cluster\n"); 884 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e root directory entries\n"); 885 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f standard format\n"); 886 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h drive heads\n"); 887 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i file system info sector\n"); 888 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k backup boot sector\n"); 889 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m media descriptor\n"); 890 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of FATs\n"); 891 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o hidden sectors\n"); 892 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors\n"); 893 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 894 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 895 exit(1); 896} 897