newfs_msdos.c revision 203869
1/* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28#ifndef lint 29static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD: head/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c 203869 2010-02-14 12:25:39Z kib $"; 31#endif /* not lint */ 32 33#include <sys/param.h> 34#include <sys/fdcio.h> 35#include <sys/disk.h> 36#include <sys/disklabel.h> 37#include <sys/mount.h> 38#include <sys/stat.h> 39#include <sys/time.h> 40 41#include <ctype.h> 42#include <err.h> 43#include <errno.h> 44#include <fcntl.h> 45#include <inttypes.h> 46#include <paths.h> 47#include <stdio.h> 48#include <stdlib.h> 49#include <string.h> 50#include <time.h> 51#include <unistd.h> 52 53#define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 54#define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 55#define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 56 57#define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 58#define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 59#define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 60#define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 61#define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 62#define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 63#define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 64#define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 65#define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 66#define MINCLS16 0x1000U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 67#define MINCLS32 2U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 68#define MAXCLS12 0xfedU /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 69#define MAXCLS16 0xfff5U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 70#define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 71 72#define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 73 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 74 MINCLS32) 75 76#define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 77 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 78 MAXCLS32) 79 80#define mk1(p, x) \ 81 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 82 83#define mk2(p, x) \ 84 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 85 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 86 87#define mk4(p, x) \ 88 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 89 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 90 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 91 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 92 93#define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 94#define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 95#define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 96#define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 97 98struct bs { 99 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 100 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 101}; 102 103struct bsbpb { 104 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 105 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 106 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 107 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 108 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */ 109 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */ 110 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 111 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 112 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */ 113 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */ 114 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 115 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */ 116}; 117 118struct bsxbpb { 119 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 120 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 121 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */ 122 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 123 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */ 124 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 125 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */ 126}; 127 128struct bsx { 129 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */ 130 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */ 131 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */ 132 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */ 133 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */ 134 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */ 135}; 136 137struct de { 138 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */ 139 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */ 140 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 141 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* creation time */ 142 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* creation date */ 143 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */ 144 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */ 145}; 146 147struct bpb { 148 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */ 149 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 150 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */ 151 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 152 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */ 153 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */ 154 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 155 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */ 156 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */ 157 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */ 158 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */ 159 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */ 160 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */ 161 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */ 162 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */ 163 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */ 164}; 165 166#define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 167 168#define INIT(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j) \ 169 { .bpbBytesPerSec = a, .bpbSecPerClust = b, .bpbResSectors = c, .bpbFATs = d, .bpbRootDirEnts = e, \ 170 .bpbSectors = f, .bpbMedia = g, .bpbFATsecs = h, .bpbSecPerTrack = i, .bpbHeads = j, } 171static struct { 172 const char *name; 173 struct bpb bpb; 174} const stdfmt[] = { 175 {"160", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1)}, 176 {"180", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1)}, 177 {"320", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2)}, 178 {"360", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2)}, 179 {"640", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2)}, 180 {"720", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2)}, 181 {"1200", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2)}, 182 {"1232", INIT(1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2)}, 183 {"1440", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2)}, 184 {"2880", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2)} 185}; 186 187static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 188 0xfa, /* cli */ 189 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 190 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 191 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 192 0xfb, /* sti */ 193 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 194 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 195 0x5e, /* pop si */ 196 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 197 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 198 0xfc, /* cld */ 199 0xac, /* lodsb */ 200 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 201 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 202 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 203 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 204 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 205 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 206 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 207 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 208 0x0d, 0x0a, 209 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 210 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 211 0x0d, 0x0a, 212 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 213 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 214 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 215 0x0d, 0x0a, 216 0 217}; 218 219static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 220static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 221static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 222 struct bpb *); 223static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 224static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 225static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 226static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *); 227static int oklabel(const char *); 228static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 229static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 230static void usage(void); 231 232/* 233 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 234 */ 235int 236main(int argc, char *argv[]) 237{ 238 static const char opts[] = "@:NB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:"; 239 const char *opt_B = NULL, *opt_L = NULL, *opt_O = NULL, *opt_f = NULL; 240 u_int opt_F = 0, opt_I = 0, opt_S = 0, opt_a = 0, opt_b = 0, opt_c = 0; 241 u_int opt_e = 0, opt_h = 0, opt_i = 0, opt_k = 0, opt_m = 0, opt_n = 0; 242 u_int opt_o = 0, opt_r = 0, opt_s = 0, opt_u = 0; 243 int opt_N = 0; 244 int Iflag = 0, mflag = 0, oflag = 0; 245 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 246 struct stat sb; 247 struct timeval tv; 248 struct bpb bpb; 249 struct tm *tm; 250 struct bs *bs; 251 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 252 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 253 struct bsx *bsx; 254 struct de *de; 255 u_int8_t *img; 256 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname; 257 ssize_t n; 258 time_t now; 259 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 260 int ch, fd, fd1; 261 off_t opt_create = 0, opt_ofs = 0; 262 263 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 264 switch (ch) { 265 case '@': 266 opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset"); 267 break; 268 case 'N': 269 opt_N = 1; 270 break; 271 case 'B': 272 opt_B = optarg; 273 break; 274 case 'C': 275 opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size"); 276 break; 277 case 'F': 278 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 279 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 280 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 281 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 282 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 283 break; 284 case 'I': 285 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 286 Iflag = 1; 287 break; 288 case 'L': 289 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 290 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 291 opt_L = optarg; 292 break; 293 case 'O': 294 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 295 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 296 opt_O = optarg; 297 break; 298 case 'S': 299 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 300 break; 301 case 'a': 302 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 303 break; 304 case 'b': 305 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 306 opt_c = 0; 307 break; 308 case 'c': 309 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 310 opt_b = 0; 311 break; 312 case 'e': 313 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 314 break; 315 case 'f': 316 opt_f = optarg; 317 break; 318 case 'h': 319 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 320 break; 321 case 'i': 322 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 323 break; 324 case 'k': 325 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 326 break; 327 case 'm': 328 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 329 mflag = 1; 330 break; 331 case 'n': 332 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 333 break; 334 case 'o': 335 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 336 oflag = 1; 337 break; 338 case 'r': 339 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 340 break; 341 case 's': 342 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 343 break; 344 case 'u': 345 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 346 break; 347 default: 348 usage(); 349 } 350 argc -= optind; 351 argv += optind; 352 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 353 usage(); 354 fname = *argv++; 355 if (!opt_create && !strchr(fname, '/')) { 356 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname); 357 if (!(fname = strdup(buf))) 358 err(1, NULL); 359 } 360 dtype = *argv; 361 if (opt_create) { 362 if (opt_N) 363 errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 364 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 365 if (fd == -1) 366 errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname); 367 if (ftruncate(fd, opt_create)) 368 errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create); 369 } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) 370 err(1, "%s", fname); 371 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) 372 err(1, "%s", fname); 373 if (opt_create) { 374 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 375 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 376 } else { 377 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 378 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 379 } 380 if (!opt_N) 381 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 382 if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 383 errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs); 384 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 385 if (opt_f) { 386 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 387 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors; 388 bpb.bpbSectors = 0; 389 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs; 390 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0; 391 } 392 if (opt_h) 393 bpb.bpbHeads = opt_h; 394 if (opt_u) 395 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = opt_u; 396 if (opt_S) 397 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = opt_S; 398 if (opt_s) 399 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = opt_s; 400 if (oflag) 401 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = opt_o; 402 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) { 403 off_t delta; 404 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 405 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 406 delta = bpb.bpbHugeSectors % bpb.bpbSecPerTrack; 407 if (delta != 0) { 408 warnx("trim %d sectors to adjust to a multiple of %d", 409 (int)delta, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 410 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= delta; 411 } 412 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */ 413 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 414 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1; 415 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 416 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8; 417 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 418 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16; 419 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 420 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32; 421 else 422 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 423 } 424 } 425 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) 426 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 427 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) 428 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 429 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS); 430 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 431 if (opt_f) 432 fat = 12; 433 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 434 fat = 32; 435 } 436 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 437 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 438 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 439 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 440 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 441 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0; 442 if (opt_b) { 443 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 444 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 445 if (opt_b < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) 446 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 447 opt_b, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 448 if (opt_b > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) 449 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 450 opt_b, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC); 451 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = opt_b / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 452 } 453 if (opt_c) { 454 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 455 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 456 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = opt_c; 457 } 458 if (opt_r) 459 bpb.bpbResSectors = opt_r; 460 if (opt_n) { 461 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 462 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 463 opt_n, MAXNFT); 464 bpb.bpbFATs = opt_n; 465 } 466 if (opt_e) 467 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = opt_e; 468 if (mflag) { 469 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 470 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 471 bpb.bpbMedia = opt_m; 472 } 473 if (opt_a) 474 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = opt_a; 475 if (opt_i) 476 bpb.bpbFSInfo = opt_i; 477 if (opt_k) 478 bpb.bpbBackup = opt_k; 479 bss = 1; 480 bname = NULL; 481 fd1 = -1; 482 if (opt_B) { 483 bname = opt_B; 484 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 485 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 486 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 487 err(1, NULL); 488 } 489 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 490 err(1, "%s", bname); 491 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 492 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) 493 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 494 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 495 } 496 if (!bpb.bpbFATs) 497 bpb.bpbFATs = 2; 498 if (!fat) { 499 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 500 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 501 ((bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 502 bpb.bpbFATs + 503 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE, 504 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 505 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 506 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 507 fat = 12; 508 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors < 509 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 510 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * bpb.bpbFATs + 511 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 512 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 513 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 514 fat = 16; 515 else 516 fat = 32; 517 } 518 x = bss; 519 if (fat == 32) { 520 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 521 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) 522 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 523 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x; 524 } 525 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo) 526 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1; 527 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) { 528 if (x == MAXU16) 529 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 530 bpb.bpbBackup = x; 531 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) 532 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 533 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup) 534 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1; 535 } 536 if (!bpb.bpbResSectors) 537 bpb.bpbResSectors = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x; 538 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) 539 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, bpb.bpbResSectors); 540 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts) 541 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE; 542 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 543 if (!bpb.bpbSecPerClust) 544 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 545 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && 546 bpb.bpbResSectors + 547 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 548 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs + 549 rds + 550 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust <= bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 551 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1); 552 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) 553 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 554 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds; 555 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1; 556 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) 557 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 558 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs; 559 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / 560 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs); 561 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 562 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB); 563 if (!bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) { 564 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2; 565 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs; 566 } 567 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 568 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 569 if (cls > x) 570 cls = x; 571 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2) 572 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 573 cls); 574 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 575 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 576 mincls(fat)); 577 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 578 cls = maxcls(fat); 579 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1; 580 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 581 bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 582 } 583 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 584 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust, 585 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 586 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 587 if (!bpb.bpbMedia) 588 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 589 if (fat == 32) 590 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE; 591 if (bpb.bpbHiddenSecs + bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) { 592 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 593 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0; 594 } 595 if (fat != 32) { 596 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs; 597 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0; 598 } 599 print_bpb(&bpb); 600 if (!opt_N) { 601 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 602 now = tv.tv_sec; 603 tm = localtime(&now); 604 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 605 err(1, NULL); 606 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs; 607 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) { 608 x = lsn; 609 if (opt_B && 610 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 611 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) { 612 x -= bpb.bpbBackup; 613 if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 614 err(1, "%s", bname); 615 } 616 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 617 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) 618 err(1, "%s", bname); 619 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) 620 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 621 } else 622 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 623 if (!lsn || 624 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) { 625 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 626 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 627 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 628 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 629 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors); 630 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs); 631 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts); 632 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors); 633 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia); 634 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs); 635 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 636 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads); 637 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs); 638 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 639 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 640 if (fat == 32) { 641 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 642 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs); 643 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0); 644 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0); 645 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust); 646 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo); 647 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup); 648 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 649 } 650 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 651 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29); 652 if (Iflag) 653 x = opt_I; 654 else 655 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 656 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 657 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 658 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 659 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 660 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 661 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 662 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x); 663 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO_NAME"); 664 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat); 665 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType)); 666 if (!opt_B) { 667 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 668 bs = (struct bs *)img; 669 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb); 670 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2); 671 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90); 672 setstr(bs->bsOemName, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD4.4 ", 673 sizeof(bs->bsOemName)); 674 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 675 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 676 } 677 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && 678 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo || 679 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 680 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) { 681 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 682 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 683 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 684 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.bpbRootClust); 685 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 686 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir && 687 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) % 688 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) { 689 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia); 690 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 691 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 692 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 693 de = (struct de *)img; 694 mklabel(de->deName, opt_L); 695 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050); 696 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 697 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 698 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 699 mk2(de->deMTime, x); 700 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 701 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 702 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 703 mk2(de->deMDate, x); 704 } 705 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) 706 err(1, "%s", fname); 707 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) 708 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 709 } 710 } 711 return 0; 712} 713 714/* 715 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 716 */ 717static void 718check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 719{ 720 struct statfs *mp; 721 const char *s1, *s2; 722 size_t len; 723 int n, r; 724 725 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 726 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 727 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 728 s1 = fname; 729 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 730 s1 += len; 731 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 732 for (; n--; mp++) { 733 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 734 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 735 s2 += len; 736 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 737 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 738 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 739 } 740} 741 742/* 743 * Get a standard format. 744 */ 745static void 746getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 747{ 748 u_int x, i; 749 750 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 751 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 752 if (i == x) 753 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 754 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 755} 756 757/* 758 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 759 */ 760static void 761getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 762 struct bpb *bpb) 763{ 764 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 765 struct fd_type type; 766 off_t ms, hs = 0; 767 768 lp = NULL; 769 770 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 771 if (dtype != NULL) { 772 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 773 } 774 775 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 776 if (lp == NULL) { 777 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 778 struct stat st; 779 780 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 781 err(1, "Cannot get disk size"); 782 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 783 ms = st.st_size; 784 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 785 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 786 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 787 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 788 lp = &dlp; 789 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 790 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 791 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 792 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 793 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 794 lp = &dlp; 795 } 796 } 797 798 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 799 if (lp == NULL) { 800 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) 801 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 802 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) { 803 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 804 errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno)); 805 806 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 807 808 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 809 warnx("Cannot get number of sectors per track, %s", strerror(errno)); 810 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 811 } 812 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 813 warnx("Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno)); 814 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 815 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 816 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 817 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 818 else 819 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 820 } 821 } 822 823 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 824 lp = &dlp; 825 } 826 827 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) 828 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 829 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) 830 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 831 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) 832 bpb->bpbHeads = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 833 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0) 834 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit; 835 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0) 836 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs; 837} 838 839/* 840 * Print out BPB values. 841 */ 842static void 843print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 844{ 845 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors, 846 bpb->bpbFATs); 847 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts) 848 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts); 849 if (bpb->bpbSectors) 850 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors); 851 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia); 852 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs) 853 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs); 854 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs); 855 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors) 856 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors); 857 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) { 858 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb->bpbRootClust); 859 printf(" FSInfo="); 860 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo); 861 printf(" Backup="); 862 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup); 863 } 864 printf("\n"); 865} 866 867/* 868 * Check a disk geometry value. 869 */ 870static u_int 871ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 872{ 873 if (!val) 874 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 875 if (val > MAXU16) 876 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 877 return val; 878} 879 880/* 881 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 882 */ 883static u_int 884argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 885{ 886 char *s; 887 u_long x; 888 889 errno = 0; 890 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 891 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 892 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 893 return x; 894} 895 896/* 897 * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix 898 */ 899static off_t 900argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg) 901{ 902 char *s; 903 off_t x; 904 905 x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0); 906 /* allow at most one extra char */ 907 if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) ) 908 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 909 if (*s) { /* the extra char is the multiplier */ 910 switch (*s) { 911 default: 912 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 913 /* notreached */ 914 915 case 's': /* sector */ 916 case 'S': 917 x <<= 9; /* times 512 */ 918 break; 919 920 case 'k': /* kilobyte */ 921 case 'K': 922 x <<= 10; /* times 1024 */ 923 break; 924 925 case 'm': /* megabyte */ 926 case 'M': 927 x <<= 20; /* times 1024*1024 */ 928 break; 929 930 case 'g': /* gigabyte */ 931 case 'G': 932 x <<= 30; /* times 1024*1024*1024 */ 933 break; 934 935 case 'p': /* partition start */ 936 case 'P': /* partition start */ 937 case 'l': /* partition length */ 938 case 'L': /* partition length */ 939 errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg); 940 /* notreached */ 941 } 942 } 943 return x; 944} 945 946/* 947 * Check a volume label. 948 */ 949static int 950oklabel(const char *src) 951{ 952 int c, i; 953 954 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 955 c = (u_char)*src++; 956 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 957 break; 958 } 959 return i && !c; 960} 961 962/* 963 * Make a volume label. 964 */ 965static void 966mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 967{ 968 int c, i; 969 970 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 971 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 972 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 973 } 974} 975 976/* 977 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 978 */ 979static void 980setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 981{ 982 while (len--) 983 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 984} 985 986/* 987 * Print usage message. 988 */ 989static void 990usage(void) 991{ 992 fprintf(stderr, 993 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n" 994 "where the options are:\n" 995 "\t-@ create file system at specified offset\n" 996 "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n" 997 "\t-C create image file with specified size\n" 998 "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n" 999 "\t-I volume ID\n" 1000 "\t-L volume label\n" 1001 "\t-N don't create file system: just print out parameters\n" 1002 "\t-O OEM string\n" 1003 "\t-S bytes/sector\n" 1004 "\t-a sectors/FAT\n" 1005 "\t-b block size\n" 1006 "\t-c sectors/cluster\n" 1007 "\t-e root directory entries\n" 1008 "\t-f standard format\n" 1009 "\t-h drive heads\n" 1010 "\t-i file system info sector\n" 1011 "\t-k backup boot sector\n" 1012 "\t-m media descriptor\n" 1013 "\t-n number of FATs\n" 1014 "\t-o hidden sectors\n" 1015 "\t-r reserved sectors\n" 1016 "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n" 1017 "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 1018 exit(1); 1019} 1020