newfs_msdos.c revision 190929
1/* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28#ifndef lint 29static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD: head/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c 190929 2009-04-11 14:33:10Z ed $"; 31#endif /* not lint */ 32 33#include <sys/param.h> 34#include <sys/fdcio.h> 35#include <sys/disk.h> 36#include <sys/disklabel.h> 37#include <sys/mount.h> 38#include <sys/stat.h> 39#include <sys/time.h> 40 41#include <ctype.h> 42#include <err.h> 43#include <errno.h> 44#include <fcntl.h> 45#include <inttypes.h> 46#include <paths.h> 47#include <stdio.h> 48#include <stdlib.h> 49#include <string.h> 50#include <time.h> 51#include <unistd.h> 52 53#define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 54#define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 55#define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 56 57#define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 58#define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 59#define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 60#define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 61#define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 62#define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 63#define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 64#define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 65#define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 66#define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 67#define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 68#define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 69#define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 70#define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 71 72#define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 73 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 74 MINCLS32) 75 76#define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 77 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 78 MAXCLS32) 79 80#define mk1(p, x) \ 81 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 82 83#define mk2(p, x) \ 84 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 85 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 86 87#define mk4(p, x) \ 88 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 89 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 90 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 91 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 92 93#define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 94#define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 95#define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 96#define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 97 98struct bs { 99 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 100 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 101}; 102 103struct bsbpb { 104 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 105 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 106 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 107 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 108 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 109 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 110 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 111 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 112 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 113 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 114 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 115 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 116}; 117 118struct bsxbpb { 119 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 120 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 121 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 122 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 123 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 124 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 125 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 126}; 127 128struct bsx { 129 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 130 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 131 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 132 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 133 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 134 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 135}; 136 137struct de { 138 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 139 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 140 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 141 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 142 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 143 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 144 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 145}; 146 147struct bpb { 148 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 149 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 150 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 151 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 152 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 153 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 154 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 155 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 156 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 157 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 158 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 159 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 160 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 161 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 162 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 163 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 164}; 165 166#define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 167 168static struct { 169 const char *name; 170 struct bpb bpb; 171} const stdfmt[] = { 172 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 173 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 174 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 175 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 176 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 177 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 178 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 179 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 180 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 181 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 182}; 183 184static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 185 0xfa, /* cli */ 186 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 187 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 188 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 189 0xfb, /* sti */ 190 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 191 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 192 0x5e, /* pop si */ 193 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 194 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 195 0xfc, /* cld */ 196 0xac, /* lodsb */ 197 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 198 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 199 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 200 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 201 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 202 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 203 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 204 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 205 0x0d, 0x0a, 206 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 207 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 208 0x0d, 0x0a, 209 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 210 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 211 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 212 0x0d, 0x0a, 213 0 214}; 215 216static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 217static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 218static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 219 struct bpb *); 220static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 221static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 222static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 223static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *); 224static int oklabel(const char *); 225static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 226static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 227static void usage(void); 228 229/* 230 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 231 */ 232int 233main(int argc, char *argv[]) 234{ 235 static const char opts[] = "@:NB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:"; 236 const char *opt_B = NULL, *opt_L = NULL, *opt_O = NULL, *opt_f = NULL; 237 u_int opt_F = 0, opt_I = 0, opt_S = 0, opt_a = 0, opt_b = 0, opt_c = 0; 238 u_int opt_e = 0, opt_h = 0, opt_i = 0, opt_k = 0, opt_m = 0, opt_n = 0; 239 u_int opt_o = 0, opt_r = 0, opt_s = 0, opt_u = 0; 240 int opt_N = 0; 241 int Iflag = 0, mflag = 0, oflag = 0; 242 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 243 struct stat sb; 244 struct timeval tv; 245 struct bpb bpb; 246 struct tm *tm; 247 struct bs *bs; 248 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 249 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 250 struct bsx *bsx; 251 struct de *de; 252 u_int8_t *img; 253 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname; 254 ssize_t n; 255 time_t now; 256 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 257 int ch, fd, fd1; 258 off_t opt_create = 0, opt_ofs = 0; 259 260 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 261 switch (ch) { 262 case '@': 263 opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset"); 264 break; 265 case 'N': 266 opt_N = 1; 267 break; 268 case 'B': 269 opt_B = optarg; 270 break; 271 case 'C': 272 opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size"); 273 break; 274 case 'F': 275 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 276 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 277 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 278 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 279 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 280 break; 281 case 'I': 282 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 283 Iflag = 1; 284 break; 285 case 'L': 286 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 287 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 288 opt_L = optarg; 289 break; 290 case 'O': 291 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 292 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 293 opt_O = optarg; 294 break; 295 case 'S': 296 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 297 break; 298 case 'a': 299 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 300 break; 301 case 'b': 302 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 303 opt_c = 0; 304 break; 305 case 'c': 306 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 307 opt_b = 0; 308 break; 309 case 'e': 310 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 311 break; 312 case 'f': 313 opt_f = optarg; 314 break; 315 case 'h': 316 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 317 break; 318 case 'i': 319 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 320 break; 321 case 'k': 322 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 323 break; 324 case 'm': 325 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 326 mflag = 1; 327 break; 328 case 'n': 329 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 330 break; 331 case 'o': 332 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 333 oflag = 1; 334 break; 335 case 'r': 336 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 337 break; 338 case 's': 339 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 340 break; 341 case 'u': 342 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 343 break; 344 default: 345 usage(); 346 } 347 argc -= optind; 348 argv += optind; 349 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 350 usage(); 351 fname = *argv++; 352 if (!strchr(fname, '/')) { 353 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname); 354 if (!(fname = strdup(buf))) 355 err(1, NULL); 356 } 357 dtype = *argv; 358 if (opt_create) { 359 if (opt_N) 360 errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 361 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 362 if (fd == -1) 363 errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname); 364 if (ftruncate(fd, opt_create)) 365 errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create); 366 } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1 || 367 fstat(fd, &sb)) 368 err(1, "%s", fname); 369 if (!opt_N) 370 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 371 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 372 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 373 if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 374 errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs); 375 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 376 if (opt_f) { 377 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 378 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 379 bpb.sec = 0; 380 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 381 bpb.spf = 0; 382 } 383 if (opt_h) 384 bpb.hds = opt_h; 385 if (opt_u) 386 bpb.spt = opt_u; 387 if (opt_S) 388 bpb.bps = opt_S; 389 if (opt_s) 390 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 391 if (oflag) 392 bpb.hid = opt_o; 393 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) { 394 off_t delta; 395 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 396 bpb.bsec -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bps); 397 delta = bpb.bsec % bpb.spt; 398 if (delta != 0) { 399 warnx("trim %d sectors to adjust to a multiple of %d", 400 (int)delta, bpb.spt); 401 bpb.bsec -= delta; 402 } 403 if (bpb.spc == 0) { /* set defaults */ 404 if (bpb.bsec <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 405 bpb.spc = 1; 406 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 407 bpb.spc = 8; 408 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 409 bpb.spc = 16; 410 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 411 bpb.spc = 32; 412 else 413 bpb.spc = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 414 } 415 } 416 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 417 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 418 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 419 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 420 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 421 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 422 if (opt_f) 423 fat = 12; 424 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 425 fat = 32; 426 } 427 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 428 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 429 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 430 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 431 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 432 bpb.rde = 0; 433 if (opt_b) { 434 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 435 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 436 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 437 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 438 opt_b, bpb.bps); 439 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 440 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 441 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 442 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 443 } 444 if (opt_c) { 445 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 446 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 447 bpb.spc = opt_c; 448 } 449 if (opt_r) 450 bpb.res = opt_r; 451 if (opt_n) { 452 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 453 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 454 opt_n, MAXNFT); 455 bpb.nft = opt_n; 456 } 457 if (opt_e) 458 bpb.rde = opt_e; 459 if (mflag) { 460 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 461 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 462 bpb.mid = opt_m; 463 } 464 if (opt_a) 465 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 466 if (opt_i) 467 bpb.infs = opt_i; 468 if (opt_k) 469 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 470 bss = 1; 471 bname = NULL; 472 fd1 = -1; 473 if (opt_B) { 474 bname = opt_B; 475 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 476 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 477 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 478 err(1, NULL); 479 } 480 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 481 err(1, "%s", bname); 482 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 483 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 484 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 485 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 486 } 487 if (!bpb.nft) 488 bpb.nft = 2; 489 if (!fat) { 490 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 491 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 492 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 493 bpb.nft + 494 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 495 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 496 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 497 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 498 fat = 12; 499 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 500 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 501 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 502 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 503 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 504 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 505 fat = 16; 506 else 507 fat = 32; 508 } 509 x = bss; 510 if (fat == 32) { 511 if (!bpb.infs) { 512 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 513 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 514 bpb.infs = x; 515 } 516 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 517 x = bpb.infs + 1; 518 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 519 if (x == MAXU16) 520 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 521 bpb.bkbs = x; 522 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 523 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 524 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 525 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 526 } 527 if (!bpb.res) 528 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x; 529 else if (bpb.res < x) 530 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors"); 531 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 532 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 533 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 534 if (!bpb.spc) 535 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 536 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 537 bpb.res + 538 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 539 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 540 rds + 541 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 542 bpb.spc <<= 1); 543 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 544 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 545 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 546 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 547 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 548 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 549 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 550 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 551 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 552 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 553 bpb.bps * NPB); 554 if (!bpb.bspf) { 555 bpb.bspf = x2; 556 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 557 } 558 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 559 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 560 if (cls > x) 561 cls = x; 562 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 563 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 564 cls); 565 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 566 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 567 mincls(fat)); 568 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 569 cls = maxcls(fat); 570 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 571 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 572 bpb.bsec); 573 } 574 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 575 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc, 576 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 577 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 578 if (!bpb.mid) 579 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 580 if (fat == 32) 581 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 582 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 583 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 584 bpb.bsec = 0; 585 } 586 if (fat != 32) { 587 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 588 bpb.bspf = 0; 589 } 590 print_bpb(&bpb); 591 if (!opt_N) { 592 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 593 now = tv.tv_sec; 594 tm = localtime(&now); 595 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 596 err(1, NULL); 597 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 598 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 599 x = lsn; 600 if (opt_B && 601 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 602 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 603 x -= bpb.bkbs; 604 if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 605 err(1, "%s", bname); 606 } 607 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 608 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 609 err(1, "%s", bname); 610 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) 611 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 612 } else 613 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 614 if (!lsn || 615 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 616 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 617 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 618 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 619 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 620 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 621 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 622 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 623 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 624 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 625 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 626 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 627 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 628 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 629 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 630 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 631 if (fat == 32) { 632 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 633 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 634 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 635 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 636 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 637 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 638 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 639 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 640 } 641 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 642 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 643 if (Iflag) 644 x = opt_I; 645 else 646 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 647 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 648 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 649 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 650 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 651 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 652 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 653 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 654 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME"); 655 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat); 656 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 657 if (!opt_B) { 658 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 659 bs = (struct bs *)img; 660 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 661 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 662 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 663 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4", 664 sizeof(bs->oem)); 665 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 666 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 667 } 668 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 669 (lsn == bpb.infs || 670 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 671 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 672 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 673 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 674 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 675 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.rdcl); 676 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 677 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 678 !((lsn - bpb.res) % 679 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 680 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 681 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 682 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 683 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 684 de = (struct de *)img; 685 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 686 mk1(de->attr, 050); 687 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 688 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 689 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 690 mk2(de->time, x); 691 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 692 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 693 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 694 mk2(de->date, x); 695 } 696 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 697 err(1, "%s", fname); 698 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) 699 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 700 } 701 } 702 return 0; 703} 704 705/* 706 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 707 */ 708static void 709check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 710{ 711 struct statfs *mp; 712 const char *s1, *s2; 713 size_t len; 714 int n, r; 715 716 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 717 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 718 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 719 s1 = fname; 720 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 721 s1 += len; 722 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 723 for (; n--; mp++) { 724 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 725 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 726 s2 += len; 727 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 728 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 729 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 730 } 731} 732 733/* 734 * Get a standard format. 735 */ 736static void 737getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 738{ 739 u_int x, i; 740 741 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 742 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 743 if (i == x) 744 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 745 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 746} 747 748/* 749 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 750 */ 751static void 752getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 753 struct bpb *bpb) 754{ 755 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 756 struct fd_type type; 757 off_t ms, hs = 0; 758 759 lp = NULL; 760 761 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 762 if (dtype != NULL) { 763 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 764 } 765 766 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 767 if (lp == NULL) { 768 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 769 struct stat st; 770 771 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 772 err(1, "Cannot get disk size"); 773 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 774 ms = st.st_size; 775 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 776 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 777 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 778 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 779 lp = &dlp; 780 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 781 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 782 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 783 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 784 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 785 lp = &dlp; 786 } 787 } 788 789 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 790 if (lp == NULL) { 791 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) { 792 if (bpb->bps == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 793 errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno)); 794 795 /* XXX Should we use bpb->bps if it's set? */ 796 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 797 798 if (bpb->spt == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 799 warnx("Cannot get number of sectors per track, %s", strerror(errno)); 800 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 801 } 802 if (bpb->hds == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 803 warnx("Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno)); 804 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 805 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 806 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 807 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 808 else 809 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 810 } 811 } 812 813 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 814 lp = &dlp; 815 } 816 817 if (bpb->bps == 0) 818 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 819 if (bpb->spt == 0) 820 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 821 if (bpb->hds == 0) 822 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 823 if (bpb->bsec == 0) 824 bpb->bsec = lp->d_secperunit; 825 if (bpb->hid == 0) 826 bpb->hid = hs; 827} 828 829/* 830 * Print out BPB values. 831 */ 832static void 833print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 834{ 835 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 836 bpb->nft); 837 if (bpb->rde) 838 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 839 if (bpb->sec) 840 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 841 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 842 if (bpb->spf) 843 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 844 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 845 if (bpb->bsec) 846 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 847 if (!bpb->spf) { 848 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 849 printf(" infs="); 850 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 851 printf(" bkbs="); 852 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 853 } 854 printf("\n"); 855} 856 857/* 858 * Check a disk geometry value. 859 */ 860static u_int 861ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 862{ 863 if (!val) 864 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 865 if (val > MAXU16) 866 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 867 return val; 868} 869 870/* 871 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 872 */ 873static u_int 874argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 875{ 876 char *s; 877 u_long x; 878 879 errno = 0; 880 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 881 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 882 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 883 return x; 884} 885 886/* 887 * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix 888 */ 889static off_t 890argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg) 891{ 892 char *s; 893 off_t x; 894 895 x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0); 896 /* allow at most one extra char */ 897 if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) ) 898 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 899 if (*s) { /* the extra char is the multiplier */ 900 switch (*s) { 901 default: 902 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 903 /* notreached */ 904 905 case 's': /* sector */ 906 case 'S': 907 x <<= 9; /* times 512 */ 908 break; 909 910 case 'k': /* kilobyte */ 911 case 'K': 912 x <<= 10; /* times 1024 */ 913 break; 914 915 case 'm': /* megabyte */ 916 case 'M': 917 x <<= 20; /* times 1024*1024 */ 918 break; 919 920 case 'g': /* gigabyte */ 921 case 'G': 922 x <<= 30; /* times 1024*1024*1024 */ 923 break; 924 925 case 'p': /* partition start */ 926 case 'P': /* partition start */ 927 case 'l': /* partition length */ 928 case 'L': /* partition length */ 929 errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg); 930 /* notreached */ 931 } 932 } 933 return x; 934} 935 936/* 937 * Check a volume label. 938 */ 939static int 940oklabel(const char *src) 941{ 942 int c, i; 943 944 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 945 c = (u_char)*src++; 946 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 947 break; 948 } 949 return i && !c; 950} 951 952/* 953 * Make a volume label. 954 */ 955static void 956mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 957{ 958 int c, i; 959 960 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 961 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 962 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 963 } 964} 965 966/* 967 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 968 */ 969static void 970setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 971{ 972 while (len--) 973 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 974} 975 976/* 977 * Print usage message. 978 */ 979static void 980usage(void) 981{ 982 fprintf(stderr, 983 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n" 984 "where the options are:\n" 985 "\t-@ create file system at specified offset\n" 986 "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n" 987 "\t-C create image file with specified size\n" 988 "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n" 989 "\t-I volume ID\n" 990 "\t-L volume label\n" 991 "\t-N don't create file system: just print out parameters\n" 992 "\t-O OEM string\n" 993 "\t-S bytes/sector\n" 994 "\t-a sectors/FAT\n" 995 "\t-b block size\n" 996 "\t-c sectors/cluster\n" 997 "\t-e root directory entries\n" 998 "\t-f standard format\n" 999 "\t-h drive heads\n" 1000 "\t-i file system info sector\n" 1001 "\t-k backup boot sector\n" 1002 "\t-m media descriptor\n" 1003 "\t-n number of FATs\n" 1004 "\t-o hidden sectors\n" 1005 "\t-r reserved sectors\n" 1006 "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n" 1007 "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 1008 exit(1); 1009} 1010