xref: /freebsd-9.3-release/crypto/openssl/apps/apps.c

/* apps/apps.c */
/* Copyright (C) 1995-1998 Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This package is an SSL implementation written
 * by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com).
 * The implementation was written so as to conform with Netscapes SSL.
 *
 * This library is free for commercial and non-commercial use as long as
 * the following conditions are aheared to.  The following conditions
 * apply to all code found in this distribution, be it the RC4, RSA,
 * lhash, DES, etc., code; not just the SSL code.  The SSL documentation
 * included with this distribution is covered by the same copyright terms
 * except that the holder is Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
 *
 * Copyright remains Eric Young's, and as such any Copyright notices in
 * the code are not to be removed.
 * If this package is used in a product, Eric Young should be given attribution
 * as the author of the parts of the library used.
 * This can be in the form of a textual message at program startup or
 * in documentation (online or textual) provided with the package.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *    "This product includes cryptographic software written by
 *     Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)"
 *    The word 'cryptographic' can be left out if the rouines from the library
 *    being used are not cryptographic related :-).
 * 4. If you include any Windows specific code (or a derivative thereof) from
 *    the apps directory (application code) you must include an acknowledgement:
 *    "This product includes software written by Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com)"
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ERIC YOUNG ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * The licence and distribution terms for any publically available version or
 * derivative of this code cannot be changed.  i.e. this code cannot simply be
 * copied and put under another distribution licence
 * [including the GNU Public Licence.]
 */
/* ====================================================================
 * Copyright (c) 1998-2001 The OpenSSL Project.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
 *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 *    distribution.
 *
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
 *    software must display the following acknowledgment:
 *    "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
 *    for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.openssl.org/)"
 *
 * 4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to
 *    endorse or promote products derived from this software without
 *    prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
 *    openssl-core@openssl.org.
 *
 * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL"
 *    nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written
 *    permission of the OpenSSL Project.
 *
 * 6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
 *    acknowledgment:
 *    "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
 *    for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/)"
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
 * EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR
 * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
 * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
 * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 * ====================================================================
 *
 * This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
 * (eay@cryptsoft.com).  This product includes software written by Tim
 * Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
 *
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <openssl/err.h>
#include <openssl/x509.h>
#include <openssl/x509v3.h>
#include <openssl/pem.h>
#include <openssl/pkcs12.h>
#include <openssl/ui.h>
#include <openssl/safestack.h>
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
# include <openssl/engine.h>
#endif
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_RSA
# include <openssl/rsa.h>
#endif
#include <openssl/bn.h>
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_JPAKE
# include <openssl/jpake.h>
#endif

#define NON_MAIN
#include "apps.h"
#undef NON_MAIN

typedef struct {
    const char *name;
    unsigned long flag;
    unsigned long mask;
} NAME_EX_TBL;

static UI_METHOD *ui_method = NULL;

static int set_table_opts(unsigned long *flags, const char *arg,
                          const NAME_EX_TBL * in_tbl);
static int set_multi_opts(unsigned long *flags, const char *arg,
                          const NAME_EX_TBL * in_tbl);

#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RC4) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RSA)
/* Looks like this stuff is worth moving into separate function */
static EVP_PKEY *load_netscape_key(BIO *err, BIO *key, const char *file,
                                   const char *key_descrip, int format);
#endif

int app_init(long mesgwin);
#ifdef undef                    /* never finished - probably never will be
                                 * :-) */
int args_from_file(char *file, int *argc, char **argv[])
{
    FILE *fp;
    int num, i;
    unsigned int len;
    static char *buf = NULL;
    static char **arg = NULL;
    char *p;
    struct stat stbuf;

    if (stat(file, &stbuf) < 0)
        return (0);

    fp = fopen(file, "r");
    if (fp == NULL)
        return (0);

    *argc = 0;
    *argv = NULL;

    len = (unsigned int)stbuf.st_size;
    if (buf != NULL)
        OPENSSL_free(buf);
    buf = (char *)OPENSSL_malloc(len + 1);
    if (buf == NULL)
        return (0);

    len = fread(buf, 1, len, fp);
    if (len <= 1)
        return (0);
    buf[len] = '\0';

    i = 0;
    for (p = buf; *p; p++)
        if (*p == '\n')
            i++;
    if (arg != NULL)
        OPENSSL_free(arg);
    arg = (char **)OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(char *) * (i * 2));

    *argv = arg;
    num = 0;
    p = buf;
    for (;;) {
        if (!*p)
            break;
        if (*p == '#') {        /* comment line */
            while (*p && (*p != '\n'))
                p++;
            continue;
        }
        /* else we have a line */
        *(arg++) = p;
        num++;
        while (*p && ((*p != ' ') && (*p != '\t') && (*p != '\n')))
            p++;
        if (!*p)
            break;
        if (*p == '\n') {
            *(p++) = '\0';
            continue;
        }
        /* else it is a tab or space */
        p++;
        while (*p && ((*p == ' ') || (*p == '\t') || (*p == '\n')))
            p++;
        if (!*p)
            break;
        if (*p == '\n') {
            p++;
            continue;
        }
        *(arg++) = p++;
        num++;
        while (*p && (*p != '\n'))
            p++;
        if (!*p)
            break;
        /* else *p == '\n' */
        *(p++) = '\0';
    }
    *argc = num;
    return (1);
}
#endif

int str2fmt(char *s)
{
    if ((*s == 'D') || (*s == 'd'))
        return (FORMAT_ASN1);
    else if ((*s == 'T') || (*s == 't'))
        return (FORMAT_TEXT);
    else if ((*s == 'P') || (*s == 'p'))
        return (FORMAT_PEM);
    else if ((*s == 'N') || (*s == 'n'))
        return (FORMAT_NETSCAPE);
    else if ((*s == 'S') || (*s == 's'))
        return (FORMAT_SMIME);
    else if ((*s == '1')
             || (strcmp(s, "PKCS12") == 0) || (strcmp(s, "pkcs12") == 0)
             || (strcmp(s, "P12") == 0) || (strcmp(s, "p12") == 0))
        return (FORMAT_PKCS12);
    else if ((*s == 'E') || (*s == 'e'))
        return (FORMAT_ENGINE);
    else
        return (FORMAT_UNDEF);
}

#if defined(OPENSSL_SYS_MSDOS) || defined(OPENSSL_SYS_WIN32) || defined(OPENSSL_SYS_WIN16) || defined(OPENSSL_SYS_NETWARE)
void program_name(char *in, char *out, int size)
{
    int i, n;
    char *p = NULL;

    n = strlen(in);
    /* find the last '/', '\' or ':' */
    for (i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) {
        if ((in[i] == '/') || (in[i] == '\\') || (in[i] == ':')) {
            p = &(in[i + 1]);
            break;
        }
    }
    if (p == NULL)
        p = in;
    n = strlen(p);

# if defined(OPENSSL_SYS_NETWARE)
    /* strip off trailing .nlm if present. */
    if ((n > 4) && (p[n - 4] == '.') &&
        ((p[n - 3] == 'n') || (p[n - 3] == 'N')) &&
        ((p[n - 2] == 'l') || (p[n - 2] == 'L')) &&
        ((p[n - 1] == 'm') || (p[n - 1] == 'M')))
        n -= 4;
# else
    /* strip off trailing .exe if present. */
    if ((n > 4) && (p[n - 4] == '.') &&
        ((p[n - 3] == 'e') || (p[n - 3] == 'E')) &&
        ((p[n - 2] == 'x') || (p[n - 2] == 'X')) &&
        ((p[n - 1] == 'e') || (p[n - 1] == 'E')))
        n -= 4;
# endif

    if (n > size - 1)
        n = size - 1;

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if ((p[i] >= 'A') && (p[i] <= 'Z'))
            out[i] = p[i] - 'A' + 'a';
        else
            out[i] = p[i];
    }
    out[n] = '\0';
}
#else
# ifdef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
void program_name(char *in, char *out, int size)
{
    char *p = in, *q;
    char *chars = ":]>";

    while (*chars != '\0') {
        q = strrchr(p, *chars);
        if (q > p)
            p = q + 1;
        chars++;
    }

    q = strrchr(p, '.');
    if (q == NULL)
        q = p + strlen(p);
    strncpy(out, p, size - 1);
    if (q - p >= size) {
        out[size - 1] = '\0';
    } else {
        out[q - p] = '\0';
    }
}
# else
void program_name(char *in, char *out, int size)
{
    char *p;

    p = strrchr(in, '/');
    if (p != NULL)
        p++;
    else
        p = in;
    BUF_strlcpy(out, p, size);
}
# endif
#endif

int chopup_args(ARGS *arg, char *buf, int *argc, char **argv[])
{
    int num, i;
    char *p;

    *argc = 0;
    *argv = NULL;

    i = 0;
    if (arg->count == 0) {
        arg->count = 20;
        arg->data = (char **)OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(char *) * arg->count);
        if (arg->data == NULL)
            return 0;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < arg->count; i++)
        arg->data[i] = NULL;

    num = 0;
    p = buf;
    for (;;) {
        /* first scan over white space */
        if (!*p)
            break;
        while (*p && ((*p == ' ') || (*p == '\t') || (*p == '\n')))
            p++;
        if (!*p)
            break;

        /* The start of something good :-) */
        if (num >= arg->count) {
            char **tmp_p;
            int tlen = arg->count + 20;
            tmp_p = (char **)OPENSSL_realloc(arg->data,
                                             sizeof(char *) * tlen);
            if (tmp_p == NULL)
                return 0;
            arg->data = tmp_p;
            arg->count = tlen;
            /* initialize newly allocated data */
            for (i = num; i < arg->count; i++)
                arg->data[i] = NULL;
        }
        arg->data[num++] = p;

        /* now look for the end of this */
        if ((*p == '\'') || (*p == '\"')) { /* scan for closing quote */
            i = *(p++);
            arg->data[num - 1]++; /* jump over quote */
            while (*p && (*p != i))
                p++;
            *p = '\0';
        } else {
            while (*p && ((*p != ' ') && (*p != '\t') && (*p != '\n')))
                p++;

            if (*p == '\0')
                p--;
            else
                *p = '\0';
        }
        p++;
    }
    *argc = num;
    *argv = arg->data;
    return (1);
}

#ifndef APP_INIT
int app_init(long mesgwin)
{
    return (1);
}
#endif

int dump_cert_text(BIO *out, X509 *x)
{
    char *p;

    p = X509_NAME_oneline(X509_get_subject_name(x), NULL, 0);
    BIO_puts(out, "subject=");
    BIO_puts(out, p);
    OPENSSL_free(p);

    p = X509_NAME_oneline(X509_get_issuer_name(x), NULL, 0);
    BIO_puts(out, "\nissuer=");
    BIO_puts(out, p);
    BIO_puts(out, "\n");
    OPENSSL_free(p);

    return 0;
}

static int ui_open(UI *ui)
{
    return UI_method_get_opener(UI_OpenSSL())(ui);
}

static int ui_read(UI *ui, UI_STRING *uis)
{
    if (UI_get_input_flags(uis) & UI_INPUT_FLAG_DEFAULT_PWD
        && UI_get0_user_data(ui)) {
        switch (UI_get_string_type(uis)) {
        case UIT_PROMPT:
        case UIT_VERIFY:
            {
                const char *password =
                    ((PW_CB_DATA *)UI_get0_user_data(ui))->password;
                if (password && password[0] != '\0') {
                    UI_set_result(ui, uis, password);
                    return 1;
                }
            }
        default:
            break;
        }
    }
    return UI_method_get_reader(UI_OpenSSL())(ui, uis);
}

static int ui_write(UI *ui, UI_STRING *uis)
{
    if (UI_get_input_flags(uis) & UI_INPUT_FLAG_DEFAULT_PWD
        && UI_get0_user_data(ui)) {
        switch (UI_get_string_type(uis)) {
        case UIT_PROMPT:
        case UIT_VERIFY:
            {
                const char *password =
                    ((PW_CB_DATA *)UI_get0_user_data(ui))->password;
                if (password && password[0] != '\0')
                    return 1;
            }
        default:
            break;
        }
    }
    return UI_method_get_writer(UI_OpenSSL())(ui, uis);
}

static int ui_close(UI *ui)
{
    return UI_method_get_closer(UI_OpenSSL())(ui);
}

int setup_ui_method(void)
{
    ui_method = UI_create_method("OpenSSL application user interface");
    UI_method_set_opener(ui_method, ui_open);
    UI_method_set_reader(ui_method, ui_read);
    UI_method_set_writer(ui_method, ui_write);
    UI_method_set_closer(ui_method, ui_close);
    return 0;
}

void destroy_ui_method(void)
{
    if (ui_method) {
        UI_destroy_method(ui_method);
        ui_method = NULL;
    }
}

int password_callback(char *buf, int bufsiz, int verify, PW_CB_DATA *cb_tmp)
{
    UI *ui = NULL;
    int res = 0;
    const char *prompt_info = NULL;
    const char *password = NULL;
    PW_CB_DATA *cb_data = (PW_CB_DATA *)cb_tmp;

    if (cb_data) {
        if (cb_data->password)
            password = cb_data->password;
        if (cb_data->prompt_info)
            prompt_info = cb_data->prompt_info;
    }

    if (password) {
        res = strlen(password);
        if (res > bufsiz)
            res = bufsiz;
        memcpy(buf, password, res);
        return res;
    }

    ui = UI_new_method(ui_method);
    if (ui) {
        int ok = 0;
        char *buff = NULL;
        int ui_flags = 0;
        char *prompt = NULL;

        prompt = UI_construct_prompt(ui, "pass phrase", prompt_info);

        ui_flags |= UI_INPUT_FLAG_DEFAULT_PWD;
        UI_ctrl(ui, UI_CTRL_PRINT_ERRORS, 1, 0, 0);

        if (ok >= 0)
            ok = UI_add_input_string(ui, prompt, ui_flags, buf,
                                     PW_MIN_LENGTH, bufsiz - 1);
        if (ok >= 0 && verify) {
            buff = (char *)OPENSSL_malloc(bufsiz);
            ok = UI_add_verify_string(ui, prompt, ui_flags, buff,
                                      PW_MIN_LENGTH, bufsiz - 1, buf);
        }
        if (ok >= 0)
            do {
                ok = UI_process(ui);
            }
            while (ok < 0 && UI_ctrl(ui, UI_CTRL_IS_REDOABLE, 0, 0, 0));

        if (buff) {
            OPENSSL_cleanse(buff, (unsigned int)bufsiz);
            OPENSSL_free(buff);
        }

        if (ok >= 0)
            res = strlen(buf);
        if (ok == -1) {
            BIO_printf(bio_err, "User interface error\n");
            ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
            OPENSSL_cleanse(buf, (unsigned int)bufsiz);
            res = 0;
        }
        if (ok == -2) {
            BIO_printf(bio_err, "aborted!\n");
            OPENSSL_cleanse(buf, (unsigned int)bufsiz);
            res = 0;
        }
        UI_free(ui);
        OPENSSL_free(prompt);
    }
    return res;
}

static char *app_get_pass(BIO *err, char *arg, int keepbio);

int app_passwd(BIO *err, char *arg1, char *arg2, char **pass1, char **pass2)
{
    int same;
    if (!arg2 || !arg1 || strcmp(arg1, arg2))
        same = 0;
    else
        same = 1;
    if (arg1) {
        *pass1 = app_get_pass(err, arg1, same);
        if (!*pass1)
            return 0;
    } else if (pass1)
        *pass1 = NULL;
    if (arg2) {
        *pass2 = app_get_pass(err, arg2, same ? 2 : 0);
        if (!*pass2)
            return 0;
    } else if (pass2)
        *pass2 = NULL;
    return 1;
}

static char *app_get_pass(BIO *err, char *arg, int keepbio)
{
    char *tmp, tpass[APP_PASS_LEN];
    static BIO *pwdbio = NULL;
    int i;
    if (!strncmp(arg, "pass:", 5))
        return BUF_strdup(arg + 5);
    if (!strncmp(arg, "env:", 4)) {
        tmp = getenv(arg + 4);
        if (!tmp) {
            BIO_printf(err, "Can't read environment variable %s\n", arg + 4);
            return NULL;
        }
        return BUF_strdup(tmp);
    }
    if (!keepbio || !pwdbio) {
        if (!strncmp(arg, "file:", 5)) {
            pwdbio = BIO_new_file(arg + 5, "r");
            if (!pwdbio) {
                BIO_printf(err, "Can't open file %s\n", arg + 5);
                return NULL;
            }
        } else if (!strncmp(arg, "fd:", 3)) {
            BIO *btmp;
            i = atoi(arg + 3);
            if (i >= 0)
                pwdbio = BIO_new_fd(i, BIO_NOCLOSE);
            if ((i < 0) || !pwdbio) {
                BIO_printf(err, "Can't access file descriptor %s\n", arg + 3);
                return NULL;
            }
            /*
             * Can't do BIO_gets on an fd BIO so add a buffering BIO
             */
            btmp = BIO_new(BIO_f_buffer());
            pwdbio = BIO_push(btmp, pwdbio);
        } else if (!strcmp(arg, "stdin")) {
            pwdbio = BIO_new_fp(stdin, BIO_NOCLOSE);
            if (!pwdbio) {
                BIO_printf(err, "Can't open BIO for stdin\n");
                return NULL;
            }
        } else {
            BIO_printf(err, "Invalid password argument \"%s\"\n", arg);
            return NULL;
        }
    }
    i = BIO_gets(pwdbio, tpass, APP_PASS_LEN);
    if (keepbio != 1) {
        BIO_free_all(pwdbio);
        pwdbio = NULL;
    }
    if (i <= 0) {
        BIO_printf(err, "Error reading password from BIO\n");
        return NULL;
    }
    tmp = strchr(tpass, '\n');
    if (tmp)
        *tmp = 0;
    return BUF_strdup(tpass);
}

int add_oid_section(BIO *err, CONF *conf)
{
    char *p;
    STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *sktmp;
    CONF_VALUE *cnf;
    int i;
    if (!(p = NCONF_get_string(conf, NULL, "oid_section"))) {
        ERR_clear_error();
        return 1;
    }
    if (!(sktmp = NCONF_get_section(conf, p))) {
        BIO_printf(err, "problem loading oid section %s\n", p);
        return 0;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < sk_CONF_VALUE_num(sktmp); i++) {
        cnf = sk_CONF_VALUE_value(sktmp, i);
        if (OBJ_create(cnf->value, cnf->name, cnf->name) == NID_undef) {
            BIO_printf(err, "problem creating object %s=%s\n",
                       cnf->name, cnf->value);
            return 0;
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

static int load_pkcs12(BIO *err, BIO *in, const char *desc,
                       pem_password_cb *pem_cb, void *cb_data,
                       EVP_PKEY **pkey, X509 **cert, STACK_OF(X509) **ca)
{
    const char *pass;
    char tpass[PEM_BUFSIZE];
    int len, ret = 0;
    PKCS12 *p12;
    p12 = d2i_PKCS12_bio(in, NULL);
    if (p12 == NULL) {
        BIO_printf(err, "Error loading PKCS12 file for %s\n", desc);
        goto die;
    }
    /* See if an empty password will do */
    if (PKCS12_verify_mac(p12, "", 0) || PKCS12_verify_mac(p12, NULL, 0))
        pass = "";
    else {
        if (!pem_cb)
            pem_cb = (pem_password_cb *)password_callback;
        len = pem_cb(tpass, PEM_BUFSIZE, 0, cb_data);
        if (len < 0) {
            BIO_printf(err, "Passpharse callback error for %s\n", desc);
            goto die;
        }
        if (len < PEM_BUFSIZE)
            tpass[len] = 0;
        if (!PKCS12_verify_mac(p12, tpass, len)) {
            BIO_printf(err,
                       "Mac verify error (wrong password?) in PKCS12 file for %s\n",
                       desc);
            goto die;
        }
        pass = tpass;
    }
    ret = PKCS12_parse(p12, pass, pkey, cert, ca);
 die:
    if (p12)
        PKCS12_free(p12);
    return ret;
}

X509 *load_cert(BIO *err, const char *file, int format,
                const char *pass, ENGINE *e, const char *cert_descrip)
{
    ASN1_HEADER *ah = NULL;
    BUF_MEM *buf = NULL;
    X509 *x = NULL;
    BIO *cert;

    if ((cert = BIO_new(BIO_s_file())) == NULL) {
        ERR_print_errors(err);
        goto end;
    }

    if (file == NULL) {
        setvbuf(stdin, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
        BIO_set_fp(cert, stdin, BIO_NOCLOSE);
    } else {
        if (BIO_read_filename(cert, file) <= 0) {
            BIO_printf(err, "Error opening %s %s\n", cert_descrip, file);
            ERR_print_errors(err);
            goto end;
        }
    }

    if (format == FORMAT_ASN1)
        x = d2i_X509_bio(cert, NULL);
    else if (format == FORMAT_NETSCAPE) {
        const unsigned char *p, *op;
        int size = 0, i;

        /*
         * We sort of have to do it this way because it is sort of nice to
         * read the header first and check it, then try to read the
         * certificate
         */
        buf = BUF_MEM_new();
        for (;;) {
            if ((buf == NULL) || (!BUF_MEM_grow(buf, size + 1024 * 10)))
                goto end;
            i = BIO_read(cert, &(buf->data[size]), 1024 * 10);
            size += i;
            if (i == 0)
                break;
            if (i < 0) {
                perror("reading certificate");
                goto end;
            }
        }
        p = (unsigned char *)buf->data;
        op = p;

        /* First load the header */
        if ((ah = d2i_ASN1_HEADER(NULL, &p, (long)size)) == NULL)
            goto end;
        if ((ah->header == NULL) || (ah->header->data == NULL) ||
            (strncmp(NETSCAPE_CERT_HDR, (char *)ah->header->data,
                     ah->header->length) != 0)) {
            BIO_printf(err, "Error reading header on certificate\n");
            goto end;
        }
        /* header is ok, so now read the object */
        p = op;
        ah->meth = X509_asn1_meth();
        if ((ah = d2i_ASN1_HEADER(&ah, &p, (long)size)) == NULL)
            goto end;
        x = (X509 *)ah->data;
        ah->data = NULL;
    } else if (format == FORMAT_PEM)
        x = PEM_read_bio_X509_AUX(cert, NULL,
                                  (pem_password_cb *)password_callback, NULL);
    else if (format == FORMAT_PKCS12) {
        if (!load_pkcs12(err, cert, cert_descrip, NULL, NULL, NULL, &x, NULL))
            goto end;
    } else {
        BIO_printf(err, "bad input format specified for %s\n", cert_descrip);
        goto end;
    }
 end:
    if (x == NULL) {
        BIO_printf(err, "unable to load certificate\n");
        ERR_print_errors(err);
    }
    if (ah != NULL)
        ASN1_HEADER_free(ah);
    if (cert != NULL)
        BIO_free(cert);
    if (buf != NULL)
        BUF_MEM_free(buf);
    return (x);
}

EVP_PKEY *load_key(BIO *err, const char *file, int format, int maybe_stdin,
                   const char *pass, ENGINE *e, const char *key_descrip)
{
    BIO *key = NULL;
    EVP_PKEY *pkey = NULL;
    PW_CB_DATA cb_data;

    cb_data.password = pass;
    cb_data.prompt_info = file;

    if (file == NULL && (!maybe_stdin || format == FORMAT_ENGINE)) {
        BIO_printf(err, "no keyfile specified\n");
        goto end;
    }
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
    if (format == FORMAT_ENGINE) {
        if (!e)
            BIO_printf(err, "no engine specified\n");
        else {
            pkey = ENGINE_load_private_key(e, file, ui_method, &cb_data);
            if (!pkey) {
                BIO_printf(err, "cannot load %s from engine\n", key_descrip);
                ERR_print_errors(err);
            }
        }
        goto end;
    }
#endif
    key = BIO_new(BIO_s_file());
    if (key == NULL) {
        ERR_print_errors(err);
        goto end;
    }
    if (file == NULL && maybe_stdin) {
        setvbuf(stdin, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
        BIO_set_fp(key, stdin, BIO_NOCLOSE);
    } else if (BIO_read_filename(key, file) <= 0) {
        BIO_printf(err, "Error opening %s %s\n", key_descrip, file);
        ERR_print_errors(err);
        goto end;
    }
    if (format == FORMAT_ASN1) {
        pkey = d2i_PrivateKey_bio(key, NULL);
    } else if (format == FORMAT_PEM) {
        pkey = PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(key, NULL,
                                       (pem_password_cb *)password_callback,
                                       &cb_data);
    }
#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RC4) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RSA)
    else if (format == FORMAT_NETSCAPE || format == FORMAT_IISSGC)
        pkey = load_netscape_key(err, key, file, key_descrip, format);
#endif
    else if (format == FORMAT_PKCS12) {
        if (!load_pkcs12(err, key, key_descrip,
                         (pem_password_cb *)password_callback, &cb_data,
                         &pkey, NULL, NULL))
            goto end;
    } else {
        BIO_printf(err, "bad input format specified for key file\n");
        goto end;
    }
 end:
    if (key != NULL)
        BIO_free(key);
    if (pkey == NULL) {
        BIO_printf(err, "unable to load %s\n", key_descrip);
        ERR_print_errors(err);
    }
    return (pkey);
}

EVP_PKEY *load_pubkey(BIO *err, const char *file, int format, int maybe_stdin,
                      const char *pass, ENGINE *e, const char *key_descrip)
{
    BIO *key = NULL;
    EVP_PKEY *pkey = NULL;
    PW_CB_DATA cb_data;

    cb_data.password = pass;
    cb_data.prompt_info = file;

    if (file == NULL && (!maybe_stdin || format == FORMAT_ENGINE)) {
        BIO_printf(err, "no keyfile specified\n");
        goto end;
    }
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
    if (format == FORMAT_ENGINE) {
        if (!e)
            BIO_printf(bio_err, "no engine specified\n");
        else
            pkey = ENGINE_load_public_key(e, file, ui_method, &cb_data);
        goto end;
    }
#endif
    key = BIO_new(BIO_s_file());
    if (key == NULL) {
        ERR_print_errors(err);
        goto end;
    }
    if (file == NULL && maybe_stdin) {
        setvbuf(stdin, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
        BIO_set_fp(key, stdin, BIO_NOCLOSE);
    } else if (BIO_read_filename(key, file) <= 0) {
        BIO_printf(err, "Error opening %s %s\n", key_descrip, file);
        ERR_print_errors(err);
        goto end;
    }
    if (format == FORMAT_ASN1) {
        pkey = d2i_PUBKEY_bio(key, NULL);
    } else if (format == FORMAT_PEM) {
        pkey = PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY(key, NULL,
                                   (pem_password_cb *)password_callback,
                                   &cb_data);
    }
#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RC4) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RSA)
    else if (format == FORMAT_NETSCAPE || format == FORMAT_IISSGC)
        pkey = load_netscape_key(err, key, file, key_descrip, format);
#endif
    else {
        BIO_printf(err, "bad input format specified for key file\n");
        goto end;
    }
 end:
    if (key != NULL)
        BIO_free(key);
    if (pkey == NULL)
        BIO_printf(err, "unable to load %s\n", key_descrip);
    return (pkey);
}

#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RC4) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RSA)
static EVP_PKEY *load_netscape_key(BIO *err, BIO *key, const char *file,
                                   const char *key_descrip, int format)
{
    EVP_PKEY *pkey;
    BUF_MEM *buf;
    RSA *rsa;
    const unsigned char *p;
    int size, i;

    buf = BUF_MEM_new();
    pkey = EVP_PKEY_new();
    size = 0;
    if (buf == NULL || pkey == NULL)
        goto error;
    for (;;) {
        if (!BUF_MEM_grow_clean(buf, size + 1024 * 10))
            goto error;
        i = BIO_read(key, &(buf->data[size]), 1024 * 10);
        size += i;
        if (i == 0)
            break;
        if (i < 0) {
            BIO_printf(err, "Error reading %s %s", key_descrip, file);
            goto error;
        }
    }
    p = (unsigned char *)buf->data;
    rsa = d2i_RSA_NET(NULL, &p, (long)size, NULL,
                      (format == FORMAT_IISSGC ? 1 : 0));
    if (rsa == NULL)
        goto error;
    BUF_MEM_free(buf);
    EVP_PKEY_set1_RSA(pkey, rsa);
    return pkey;
 error:
    BUF_MEM_free(buf);
    EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
    return NULL;
}
#endif                          /* ndef OPENSSL_NO_RC4 */

STACK_OF(X509) *load_certs(BIO *err, const char *file, int format,
                           const char *pass, ENGINE *e,
                           const char *cert_descrip)
{
    BIO *certs;
    int i;
    STACK_OF(X509) *othercerts = NULL;
    STACK_OF(X509_INFO) *allcerts = NULL;
    X509_INFO *xi;
    PW_CB_DATA cb_data;

    cb_data.password = pass;
    cb_data.prompt_info = file;

    if ((certs = BIO_new(BIO_s_file())) == NULL) {
        ERR_print_errors(err);
        goto end;
    }

    if (file == NULL)
        BIO_set_fp(certs, stdin, BIO_NOCLOSE);
    else {
        if (BIO_read_filename(certs, file) <= 0) {
            BIO_printf(err, "Error opening %s %s\n", cert_descrip, file);
            ERR_print_errors(err);
            goto end;
        }
    }

    if (format == FORMAT_PEM) {
        othercerts = sk_X509_new_null();
        if (!othercerts) {
            sk_X509_free(othercerts);
            othercerts = NULL;
            goto end;
        }
        allcerts = PEM_X509_INFO_read_bio(certs, NULL, (pem_password_cb *)
                                          password_callback, &cb_data);
        for (i = 0; i < sk_X509_INFO_num(allcerts); i++) {
            xi = sk_X509_INFO_value(allcerts, i);
            if (xi->x509) {
                sk_X509_push(othercerts, xi->x509);
                xi->x509 = NULL;
            }
        }
        goto end;
    } else {
        BIO_printf(err, "bad input format specified for %s\n", cert_descrip);
        goto end;
    }
 end:
    if (othercerts == NULL) {
        BIO_printf(err, "unable to load certificates\n");
        ERR_print_errors(err);
    }
    if (allcerts)
        sk_X509_INFO_pop_free(allcerts, X509_INFO_free);
    if (certs != NULL)
        BIO_free(certs);
    return (othercerts);
}

#define X509V3_EXT_UNKNOWN_MASK         (0xfL << 16)
/* Return error for unknown extensions */
#define X509V3_EXT_DEFAULT              0
/* Print error for unknown extensions */
#define X509V3_EXT_ERROR_UNKNOWN        (1L << 16)
/* ASN1 parse unknown extensions */
#define X509V3_EXT_PARSE_UNKNOWN        (2L << 16)
/* BIO_dump unknown extensions */
#define X509V3_EXT_DUMP_UNKNOWN         (3L << 16)

#define X509_FLAG_CA (X509_FLAG_NO_ISSUER | X509_FLAG_NO_PUBKEY | \
                         X509_FLAG_NO_HEADER | X509_FLAG_NO_VERSION)

int set_cert_ex(unsigned long *flags, const char *arg)
{
    static const NAME_EX_TBL cert_tbl[] = {
        {"compatible", X509_FLAG_COMPAT, 0xffffffffl},
        {"ca_default", X509_FLAG_CA, 0xffffffffl},
        {"no_header", X509_FLAG_NO_HEADER, 0},
        {"no_version", X509_FLAG_NO_VERSION, 0},
        {"no_serial", X509_FLAG_NO_SERIAL, 0},
        {"no_signame", X509_FLAG_NO_SIGNAME, 0},
        {"no_validity", X509_FLAG_NO_VALIDITY, 0},
        {"no_subject", X509_FLAG_NO_SUBJECT, 0},
        {"no_issuer", X509_FLAG_NO_ISSUER, 0},
        {"no_pubkey", X509_FLAG_NO_PUBKEY, 0},
        {"no_extensions", X509_FLAG_NO_EXTENSIONS, 0},
        {"no_sigdump", X509_FLAG_NO_SIGDUMP, 0},
        {"no_aux", X509_FLAG_NO_AUX, 0},
        {"no_attributes", X509_FLAG_NO_ATTRIBUTES, 0},
        {"ext_default", X509V3_EXT_DEFAULT, X509V3_EXT_UNKNOWN_MASK},
        {"ext_error", X509V3_EXT_ERROR_UNKNOWN, X509V3_EXT_UNKNOWN_MASK},
        {"ext_parse", X509V3_EXT_PARSE_UNKNOWN, X509V3_EXT_UNKNOWN_MASK},
        {"ext_dump", X509V3_EXT_DUMP_UNKNOWN, X509V3_EXT_UNKNOWN_MASK},
        {NULL, 0, 0}
    };
    return set_multi_opts(flags, arg, cert_tbl);
}

int set_name_ex(unsigned long *flags, const char *arg)
{
    static const NAME_EX_TBL ex_tbl[] = {
        {"esc_2253", ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_2253, 0},
        {"esc_ctrl", ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_CTRL, 0},
        {"esc_msb", ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB, 0},
        {"use_quote", ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_QUOTE, 0},
        {"utf8", ASN1_STRFLGS_UTF8_CONVERT, 0},
        {"ignore_type", ASN1_STRFLGS_IGNORE_TYPE, 0},
        {"show_type", ASN1_STRFLGS_SHOW_TYPE, 0},
        {"dump_all", ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_ALL, 0},
        {"dump_nostr", ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_UNKNOWN, 0},
        {"dump_der", ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_DER, 0},
        {"compat", XN_FLAG_COMPAT, 0xffffffffL},
        {"sep_comma_plus", XN_FLAG_SEP_COMMA_PLUS, XN_FLAG_SEP_MASK},
        {"sep_comma_plus_space", XN_FLAG_SEP_CPLUS_SPC, XN_FLAG_SEP_MASK},
        {"sep_semi_plus_space", XN_FLAG_SEP_SPLUS_SPC, XN_FLAG_SEP_MASK},
        {"sep_multiline", XN_FLAG_SEP_MULTILINE, XN_FLAG_SEP_MASK},
        {"dn_rev", XN_FLAG_DN_REV, 0},
        {"nofname", XN_FLAG_FN_NONE, XN_FLAG_FN_MASK},
        {"sname", XN_FLAG_FN_SN, XN_FLAG_FN_MASK},
        {"lname", XN_FLAG_FN_LN, XN_FLAG_FN_MASK},
        {"align", XN_FLAG_FN_ALIGN, 0},
        {"oid", XN_FLAG_FN_OID, XN_FLAG_FN_MASK},
        {"space_eq", XN_FLAG_SPC_EQ, 0},
        {"dump_unknown", XN_FLAG_DUMP_UNKNOWN_FIELDS, 0},
        {"RFC2253", XN_FLAG_RFC2253, 0xffffffffL},
        {"oneline", XN_FLAG_ONELINE, 0xffffffffL},
        {"multiline", XN_FLAG_MULTILINE, 0xffffffffL},
        {"ca_default", XN_FLAG_MULTILINE, 0xffffffffL},
        {NULL, 0, 0}
    };
    return set_multi_opts(flags, arg, ex_tbl);
}

int set_ext_copy(int *copy_type, const char *arg)
{
    if (!strcasecmp(arg, "none"))
        *copy_type = EXT_COPY_NONE;
    else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "copy"))
        *copy_type = EXT_COPY_ADD;
    else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "copyall"))
        *copy_type = EXT_COPY_ALL;
    else
        return 0;
    return 1;
}

int copy_extensions(X509 *x, X509_REQ *req, int copy_type)
{
    STACK_OF(X509_EXTENSION) *exts = NULL;
    X509_EXTENSION *ext, *tmpext;
    ASN1_OBJECT *obj;
    int i, idx, ret = 0;
    if (!x || !req || (copy_type == EXT_COPY_NONE))
        return 1;
    exts = X509_REQ_get_extensions(req);

    for (i = 0; i < sk_X509_EXTENSION_num(exts); i++) {
        ext = sk_X509_EXTENSION_value(exts, i);
        obj = X509_EXTENSION_get_object(ext);
        idx = X509_get_ext_by_OBJ(x, obj, -1);
        /* Does extension exist? */
        if (idx != -1) {
            /* If normal copy don't override existing extension */
            if (copy_type == EXT_COPY_ADD)
                continue;
            /* Delete all extensions of same type */
            do {
                tmpext = X509_get_ext(x, idx);
                X509_delete_ext(x, idx);
                X509_EXTENSION_free(tmpext);
                idx = X509_get_ext_by_OBJ(x, obj, -1);
            } while (idx != -1);
        }
        if (!X509_add_ext(x, ext, -1))
            goto end;
    }

    ret = 1;

 end:

    sk_X509_EXTENSION_pop_free(exts, X509_EXTENSION_free);

    return ret;
}

static int set_multi_opts(unsigned long *flags, const char *arg,
                          const NAME_EX_TBL * in_tbl)
{
    STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *vals;
    CONF_VALUE *val;
    int i, ret = 1;
    if (!arg)
        return 0;
    vals = X509V3_parse_list(arg);
    for (i = 0; i < sk_CONF_VALUE_num(vals); i++) {
        val = sk_CONF_VALUE_value(vals, i);
        if (!set_table_opts(flags, val->name, in_tbl))
            ret = 0;
    }
    sk_CONF_VALUE_pop_free(vals, X509V3_conf_free);
    return ret;
}

static int set_table_opts(unsigned long *flags, const char *arg,
                          const NAME_EX_TBL * in_tbl)
{
    char c;
    const NAME_EX_TBL *ptbl;
    c = arg[0];

    if (c == '-') {
        c = 0;
        arg++;
    } else if (c == '+') {
        c = 1;
        arg++;
    } else
        c = 1;

    for (ptbl = in_tbl; ptbl->name; ptbl++) {
        if (!strcasecmp(arg, ptbl->name)) {
            *flags &= ~ptbl->mask;
            if (c)
                *flags |= ptbl->flag;
            else
                *flags &= ~ptbl->flag;
            return 1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

void print_name(BIO *out, const char *title, X509_NAME *nm,
                unsigned long lflags)
{
    char *buf;
    char mline = 0;
    int indent = 0;

    if (title)
        BIO_puts(out, title);
    if ((lflags & XN_FLAG_SEP_MASK) == XN_FLAG_SEP_MULTILINE) {
        mline = 1;
        indent = 4;
    }
    if (lflags == XN_FLAG_COMPAT) {
        buf = X509_NAME_oneline(nm, 0, 0);
        BIO_puts(out, buf);
        BIO_puts(out, "\n");
        OPENSSL_free(buf);
    } else {
        if (mline)
            BIO_puts(out, "\n");
        X509_NAME_print_ex(out, nm, indent, lflags);
        BIO_puts(out, "\n");
    }
}

X509_STORE *setup_verify(BIO *bp, char *CAfile, char *CApath)
{
    X509_STORE *store;
    X509_LOOKUP *lookup;
    if (!(store = X509_STORE_new()))
        goto end;
    lookup = X509_STORE_add_lookup(store, X509_LOOKUP_file());
    if (lookup == NULL)
        goto end;
    if (CAfile) {
        if (!X509_LOOKUP_load_file(lookup, CAfile, X509_FILETYPE_PEM)) {
            BIO_printf(bp, "Error loading file %s\n", CAfile);
            goto end;
        }
    } else
        X509_LOOKUP_load_file(lookup, NULL, X509_FILETYPE_DEFAULT);

    lookup = X509_STORE_add_lookup(store, X509_LOOKUP_hash_dir());
    if (lookup == NULL)
        goto end;
    if (CApath) {
        if (!X509_LOOKUP_add_dir(lookup, CApath, X509_FILETYPE_PEM)) {
            BIO_printf(bp, "Error loading directory %s\n", CApath);
            goto end;
        }
    } else
        X509_LOOKUP_add_dir(lookup, NULL, X509_FILETYPE_DEFAULT);

    ERR_clear_error();
    return store;
 end:
    X509_STORE_free(store);
    return NULL;
}

#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
/* Try to load an engine in a shareable library */
static ENGINE *try_load_engine(BIO *err, const char *engine, int debug)
{
    ENGINE *e = ENGINE_by_id("dynamic");
    if (e) {
        if (!ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string(e, "SO_PATH", engine, 0)
            || !ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string(e, "LOAD", NULL, 0)) {
            ENGINE_free(e);
            e = NULL;
        }
    }
    return e;
}

ENGINE *setup_engine(BIO *err, const char *engine, int debug)
{
    ENGINE *e = NULL;

    if (engine) {
        if (strcmp(engine, "auto") == 0) {
            BIO_printf(err, "enabling auto ENGINE support\n");
            ENGINE_register_all_complete();
            return NULL;
        }
        if ((e = ENGINE_by_id(engine)) == NULL
            && (e = try_load_engine(err, engine, debug)) == NULL) {
            BIO_printf(err, "invalid engine \"%s\"\n", engine);
            ERR_print_errors(err);
            return NULL;
        }
        if (debug) {
            ENGINE_ctrl(e, ENGINE_CTRL_SET_LOGSTREAM, 0, err, 0);
        }
        ENGINE_ctrl_cmd(e, "SET_USER_INTERFACE", 0, ui_method, 0, 1);
        if (!ENGINE_set_default(e, ENGINE_METHOD_ALL)) {
            BIO_printf(err, "can't use that engine\n");
            ERR_print_errors(err);
            ENGINE_free(e);
            return NULL;
        }

        BIO_printf(err, "engine \"%s\" set.\n", ENGINE_get_id(e));

        /* Free our "structural" reference. */
        ENGINE_free(e);
    }
    return e;
}
#endif

int load_config(BIO *err, CONF *cnf)
{
    if (!cnf)
        cnf = config;
    if (!cnf)
        return 1;

    OPENSSL_load_builtin_modules();

    if (CONF_modules_load(cnf, NULL, 0) <= 0) {
        BIO_printf(err, "Error configuring OpenSSL\n");
        ERR_print_errors(err);
        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

char *make_config_name()
{
    const char *t = X509_get_default_cert_area();
    size_t len;
    char *p;

    len = strlen(t) + strlen(OPENSSL_CONF) + 2;
    p = OPENSSL_malloc(len);
    if (p == NULL)
        return NULL;
    BUF_strlcpy(p, t, len);
#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
    BUF_strlcat(p, "/", len);
#endif
    BUF_strlcat(p, OPENSSL_CONF, len);

    return p;
}

static unsigned long index_serial_hash(const char **a)
{
    const char *n;

    n = a[DB_serial];
    while (*n == '0')
        n++;
    return (lh_strhash(n));
}

static int index_serial_cmp(const char **a, const char **b)
{
    const char *aa, *bb;

    for (aa = a[DB_serial]; *aa == '0'; aa++) ;
    for (bb = b[DB_serial]; *bb == '0'; bb++) ;
    return (strcmp(aa, bb));
}

static int index_name_qual(char **a)
{
    return (a[0][0] == 'V');
}

static unsigned long index_name_hash(const char **a)
{
    return (lh_strhash(a[DB_name]));
}

int index_name_cmp(const char **a, const char **b)
{
    return (strcmp(a[DB_name], b[DB_name]));
}

static IMPLEMENT_LHASH_HASH_FN(index_serial_hash, const char **)
static IMPLEMENT_LHASH_COMP_FN(index_serial_cmp, const char **)
static IMPLEMENT_LHASH_HASH_FN(index_name_hash, const char **)
static IMPLEMENT_LHASH_COMP_FN(index_name_cmp, const char **)
#undef BSIZE
#define BSIZE 256
BIGNUM *load_serial(char *serialfile, int create, ASN1_INTEGER **retai)
{
    BIO *in = NULL;
    BIGNUM *ret = NULL;
    MS_STATIC char buf[1024];
    ASN1_INTEGER *ai = NULL;

    ai = ASN1_INTEGER_new();
    if (ai == NULL)
        goto err;

    if ((in = BIO_new(BIO_s_file())) == NULL) {
        ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
        goto err;
    }

    if (BIO_read_filename(in, serialfile) <= 0) {
        if (!create) {
            perror(serialfile);
            goto err;
        } else {
            ret = BN_new();
            if (ret == NULL || !rand_serial(ret, ai))
                BIO_printf(bio_err, "Out of memory\n");
        }
    } else {
        if (!a2i_ASN1_INTEGER(in, ai, buf, 1024)) {
            BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to load number from %s\n",
                       serialfile);
            goto err;
        }
        ret = ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN(ai, NULL);
        if (ret == NULL) {
            BIO_printf(bio_err,
                       "error converting number from bin to BIGNUM\n");
            goto err;
        }
    }

    if (ret && retai) {
        *retai = ai;
        ai = NULL;
    }
 err:
    if (in != NULL)
        BIO_free(in);
    if (ai != NULL)
        ASN1_INTEGER_free(ai);
    return (ret);
}

int save_serial(char *serialfile, char *suffix, BIGNUM *serial,
                ASN1_INTEGER **retai)
{
    char buf[1][BSIZE];
    BIO *out = NULL;
    int ret = 0;
    ASN1_INTEGER *ai = NULL;
    int j;

    if (suffix == NULL)
        j = strlen(serialfile);
    else
        j = strlen(serialfile) + strlen(suffix) + 1;
    if (j >= BSIZE) {
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "file name too long\n");
        goto err;
    }

    if (suffix == NULL)
        BUF_strlcpy(buf[0], serialfile, BSIZE);
    else {
#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
        j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s.%s", serialfile, suffix);
#else
        j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s-%s", serialfile, suffix);
#endif
    }
#ifdef RL_DEBUG
    BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: writing \"%s\"\n", buf[0]);
#endif
    out = BIO_new(BIO_s_file());
    if (out == NULL) {
        ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
        goto err;
    }
    if (BIO_write_filename(out, buf[0]) <= 0) {
        perror(serialfile);
        goto err;
    }

    if ((ai = BN_to_ASN1_INTEGER(serial, NULL)) == NULL) {
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "error converting serial to ASN.1 format\n");
        goto err;
    }
    i2a_ASN1_INTEGER(out, ai);
    BIO_puts(out, "\n");
    ret = 1;
    if (retai) {
        *retai = ai;
        ai = NULL;
    }
 err:
    if (out != NULL)
        BIO_free_all(out);
    if (ai != NULL)
        ASN1_INTEGER_free(ai);
    return (ret);
}

int rotate_serial(char *serialfile, char *new_suffix, char *old_suffix)
{
    char buf[5][BSIZE];
    int i, j;
    struct stat sb;

    i = strlen(serialfile) + strlen(old_suffix);
    j = strlen(serialfile) + strlen(new_suffix);
    if (i > j)
        j = i;
    if (j + 1 >= BSIZE) {
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "file name too long\n");
        goto err;
    }
#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s.%s", serialfile, new_suffix);
#else
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s-%s", serialfile, new_suffix);
#endif
#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[1], sizeof buf[1], "%s.%s", serialfile, old_suffix);
#else
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[1], sizeof buf[1], "%s-%s", serialfile, old_suffix);
#endif
    if (stat(serialfile, &sb) < 0) {
        if (errno != ENOENT
#ifdef ENOTDIR
            && errno != ENOTDIR
#endif
            )
            goto err;
    } else {
#ifdef RL_DEBUG
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: renaming \"%s\" to \"%s\"\n",
                   serialfile, buf[1]);
#endif
        if (rename(serialfile, buf[1]) < 0) {
            BIO_printf(bio_err,
                       "unable to rename %s to %s\n", serialfile, buf[1]);
            perror("reason");
            goto err;
        }
    }
#ifdef RL_DEBUG
    BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: renaming \"%s\" to \"%s\"\n",
               buf[0], serialfile);
#endif
    if (rename(buf[0], serialfile) < 0) {
        BIO_printf(bio_err,
                   "unable to rename %s to %s\n", buf[0], serialfile);
        perror("reason");
        rename(buf[1], serialfile);
        goto err;
    }
    return 1;
 err:
    return 0;
}

int rand_serial(BIGNUM *b, ASN1_INTEGER *ai)
{
    BIGNUM *btmp;
    int ret = 0;
    if (b)
        btmp = b;
    else
        btmp = BN_new();

    if (!btmp)
        return 0;

    if (!BN_pseudo_rand(btmp, SERIAL_RAND_BITS, 0, 0))
        goto error;
    if (ai && !BN_to_ASN1_INTEGER(btmp, ai))
        goto error;

    ret = 1;

 error:

    if (!b)
        BN_free(btmp);

    return ret;
}

CA_DB *load_index(char *dbfile, DB_ATTR *db_attr)
{
    CA_DB *retdb = NULL;
    TXT_DB *tmpdb = NULL;
    BIO *in = BIO_new(BIO_s_file());
    CONF *dbattr_conf = NULL;
    char buf[1][BSIZE];
    long errorline = -1;

    if (in == NULL) {
        ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
        goto err;
    }
    if (BIO_read_filename(in, dbfile) <= 0) {
        perror(dbfile);
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to open '%s'\n", dbfile);
        goto err;
    }
    if ((tmpdb = TXT_DB_read(in, DB_NUMBER)) == NULL) {
        if (tmpdb != NULL)
            TXT_DB_free(tmpdb);
        goto err;
    }
#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
    BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s.attr", dbfile);
#else
    BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s-attr", dbfile);
#endif
    dbattr_conf = NCONF_new(NULL);
    if (NCONF_load(dbattr_conf, buf[0], &errorline) <= 0) {
        if (errorline > 0) {
            BIO_printf(bio_err,
                       "error on line %ld of db attribute file '%s'\n",
                       errorline, buf[0]);
            goto err;
        } else {
            NCONF_free(dbattr_conf);
            dbattr_conf = NULL;
        }
    }

    if ((retdb = OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(CA_DB))) == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
        goto err;
    }

    retdb->db = tmpdb;
    tmpdb = NULL;
    if (db_attr)
        retdb->attributes = *db_attr;
    else {
        retdb->attributes.unique_subject = 1;
    }

    if (dbattr_conf) {
        char *p = NCONF_get_string(dbattr_conf, NULL, "unique_subject");
        if (p) {
#ifdef RL_DEBUG
            BIO_printf(bio_err,
                       "DEBUG[load_index]: unique_subject = \"%s\"\n", p);
#endif
            retdb->attributes.unique_subject = parse_yesno(p, 1);
        }
    }

 err:
    if (dbattr_conf)
        NCONF_free(dbattr_conf);
    if (tmpdb)
        TXT_DB_free(tmpdb);
    if (in)
        BIO_free_all(in);
    return retdb;
}

int index_index(CA_DB *db)
{
    if (!TXT_DB_create_index(db->db, DB_serial, NULL,
                             LHASH_HASH_FN(index_serial_hash),
                             LHASH_COMP_FN(index_serial_cmp))) {
        BIO_printf(bio_err,
                   "error creating serial number index:(%ld,%ld,%ld)\n",
                   db->db->error, db->db->arg1, db->db->arg2);
        return 0;
    }

    if (db->attributes.unique_subject
        && !TXT_DB_create_index(db->db, DB_name, index_name_qual,
                                LHASH_HASH_FN(index_name_hash),
                                LHASH_COMP_FN(index_name_cmp))) {
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "error creating name index:(%ld,%ld,%ld)\n",
                   db->db->error, db->db->arg1, db->db->arg2);
        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

int save_index(const char *dbfile, const char *suffix, CA_DB *db)
{
    char buf[3][BSIZE];
    BIO *out = BIO_new(BIO_s_file());
    int j;

    if (out == NULL) {
        ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
        goto err;
    }

    j = strlen(dbfile) + strlen(suffix);
    if (j + 6 >= BSIZE) {
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "file name too long\n");
        goto err;
    }
#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[2], sizeof buf[2], "%s.attr", dbfile);
#else
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[2], sizeof buf[2], "%s-attr", dbfile);
#endif
#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[1], sizeof buf[1], "%s.attr.%s", dbfile, suffix);
#else
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[1], sizeof buf[1], "%s-attr-%s", dbfile, suffix);
#endif
#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s.%s", dbfile, suffix);
#else
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s-%s", dbfile, suffix);
#endif
#ifdef RL_DEBUG
    BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: writing \"%s\"\n", buf[0]);
#endif
    if (BIO_write_filename(out, buf[0]) <= 0) {
        perror(dbfile);
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to open '%s'\n", dbfile);
        goto err;
    }
    j = TXT_DB_write(out, db->db);
    if (j <= 0)
        goto err;

    BIO_free(out);

    out = BIO_new(BIO_s_file());
#ifdef RL_DEBUG
    BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: writing \"%s\"\n", buf[1]);
#endif
    if (BIO_write_filename(out, buf[1]) <= 0) {
        perror(buf[2]);
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to open '%s'\n", buf[2]);
        goto err;
    }
    BIO_printf(out, "unique_subject = %s\n",
               db->attributes.unique_subject ? "yes" : "no");
    BIO_free(out);

    return 1;
 err:
    return 0;
}

int rotate_index(const char *dbfile, const char *new_suffix,
                 const char *old_suffix)
{
    char buf[5][BSIZE];
    int i, j;
    struct stat sb;

    i = strlen(dbfile) + strlen(old_suffix);
    j = strlen(dbfile) + strlen(new_suffix);
    if (i > j)
        j = i;
    if (j + 6 >= BSIZE) {
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "file name too long\n");
        goto err;
    }
#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[4], sizeof buf[4], "%s.attr", dbfile);
#else
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[4], sizeof buf[4], "%s-attr", dbfile);
#endif
#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[2], sizeof buf[2], "%s.attr.%s", dbfile, new_suffix);
#else
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[2], sizeof buf[2], "%s-attr-%s", dbfile, new_suffix);
#endif
#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s.%s", dbfile, new_suffix);
#else
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s-%s", dbfile, new_suffix);
#endif
#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[1], sizeof buf[1], "%s.%s", dbfile, old_suffix);
#else
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[1], sizeof buf[1], "%s-%s", dbfile, old_suffix);
#endif
#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[3], sizeof buf[3], "%s.attr.%s", dbfile, old_suffix);
#else
    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[3], sizeof buf[3], "%s-attr-%s", dbfile, old_suffix);
#endif
    if (stat(dbfile, &sb) < 0) {
        if (errno != ENOENT
#ifdef ENOTDIR
            && errno != ENOTDIR
#endif
            )
            goto err;
    } else {
#ifdef RL_DEBUG
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: renaming \"%s\" to \"%s\"\n",
                   dbfile, buf[1]);
#endif
        if (rename(dbfile, buf[1]) < 0) {
            BIO_printf(bio_err,
                       "unable to rename %s to %s\n", dbfile, buf[1]);
            perror("reason");
            goto err;
        }
    }
#ifdef RL_DEBUG
    BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: renaming \"%s\" to \"%s\"\n", buf[0], dbfile);
#endif
    if (rename(buf[0], dbfile) < 0) {
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to rename %s to %s\n", buf[0], dbfile);
        perror("reason");
        rename(buf[1], dbfile);
        goto err;
    }
    if (stat(buf[4], &sb) < 0) {
        if (errno != ENOENT
#ifdef ENOTDIR
            && errno != ENOTDIR
#endif
            )
            goto err;
    } else {
#ifdef RL_DEBUG
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: renaming \"%s\" to \"%s\"\n",
                   buf[4], buf[3]);
#endif
        if (rename(buf[4], buf[3]) < 0) {
            BIO_printf(bio_err,
                       "unable to rename %s to %s\n", buf[4], buf[3]);
            perror("reason");
            rename(dbfile, buf[0]);
            rename(buf[1], dbfile);
            goto err;
        }
    }
#ifdef RL_DEBUG
    BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: renaming \"%s\" to \"%s\"\n", buf[2], buf[4]);
#endif
    if (rename(buf[2], buf[4]) < 0) {
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to rename %s to %s\n", buf[2], buf[4]);
        perror("reason");
        rename(buf[3], buf[4]);
        rename(dbfile, buf[0]);
        rename(buf[1], dbfile);
        goto err;
    }
    return 1;
 err:
    return 0;
}

void free_index(CA_DB *db)
{
    if (db) {
        if (db->db)
            TXT_DB_free(db->db);
        OPENSSL_free(db);
    }
}

int parse_yesno(const char *str, int def)
{
    int ret = def;
    if (str) {
        switch (*str) {
        case 'f':              /* false */
        case 'F':              /* FALSE */
        case 'n':              /* no */
        case 'N':              /* NO */
        case '0':              /* 0 */
            ret = 0;
            break;
        case 't':              /* true */
        case 'T':              /* TRUE */
        case 'y':              /* yes */
        case 'Y':              /* YES */
        case '1':              /* 1 */
            ret = 1;
            break;
        default:
            ret = def;
            break;
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

/*
 * subject is expected to be in the format /type0=value0/type1=value1/type2=...
 * where characters may be escaped by \
 */
X509_NAME *parse_name(char *subject, long chtype, int multirdn)
{
    size_t buflen = strlen(subject) + 1; /* to copy the types and values
                                          * into. due to escaping, the copy
                                          * can only become shorter */
    char *buf = OPENSSL_malloc(buflen);
    size_t max_ne = buflen / 2 + 1; /* maximum number of name elements */
    char **ne_types = OPENSSL_malloc(max_ne * sizeof(char *));
    char **ne_values = OPENSSL_malloc(max_ne * sizeof(char *));
    int *mval = OPENSSL_malloc(max_ne * sizeof(int));

    char *sp = subject, *bp = buf;
    int i, ne_num = 0;

    X509_NAME *n = NULL;
    int nid;

    if (!buf || !ne_types || !ne_values || !mval) {
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "malloc error\n");
        goto error;
    }

    if (*subject != '/') {
        BIO_printf(bio_err, "Subject does not start with '/'.\n");
        goto error;
    }
    sp++;                       /* skip leading / */

    /* no multivalued RDN by default */
    mval[ne_num] = 0;

    while (*sp) {
        /* collect type */
        ne_types[ne_num] = bp;
        while (*sp) {
            if (*sp == '\\') {  /* is there anything to escape in the
                                 * type...? */
                if (*++sp)
                    *bp++ = *sp++;
                else {
                    BIO_printf(bio_err,
                               "escape character at end of string\n");
                    goto error;
                }
            } else if (*sp == '=') {
                sp++;
                *bp++ = '\0';
                break;
            } else
                *bp++ = *sp++;
        }
        if (!*sp) {
            BIO_printf(bio_err,
                       "end of string encountered while processing type of subject name element #%d\n",
                       ne_num);
            goto error;
        }
        ne_values[ne_num] = bp;
        while (*sp) {
            if (*sp == '\\') {
                if (*++sp)
                    *bp++ = *sp++;
                else {
                    BIO_printf(bio_err,
                               "escape character at end of string\n");
                    goto error;
                }
            } else if (*sp == '/') {
                sp++;
                /* no multivalued RDN by default */
                mval[ne_num + 1] = 0;
                break;
            } else if (*sp == '+' && multirdn) {
                /*
                 * a not escaped + signals a mutlivalued RDN
                 */
                sp++;
                mval[ne_num + 1] = -1;
                break;
            } else
                *bp++ = *sp++;
        }
        *bp++ = '\0';
        ne_num++;
    }

    if (!(n = X509_NAME_new()))
        goto error;

    for (i = 0; i < ne_num; i++) {
        if ((nid = OBJ_txt2nid(ne_types[i])) == NID_undef) {
            BIO_printf(bio_err,
                       "Subject Attribute %s has no known NID, skipped\n",
                       ne_types[i]);
            continue;
        }

        if (!*ne_values[i]) {
            BIO_printf(bio_err,
                       "No value provided for Subject Attribute %s, skipped\n",
                       ne_types[i]);
            continue;
        }

        if (!X509_NAME_add_entry_by_NID
            (n, nid, chtype, (unsigned char *)ne_values[i], -1, -1, mval[i]))
            goto error;
    }

    OPENSSL_free(ne_values);
    OPENSSL_free(ne_types);
    OPENSSL_free(buf);
    OPENSSL_free(mval);
    return n;

 error:
    X509_NAME_free(n);
    if (ne_values)
        OPENSSL_free(ne_values);
    if (ne_types)
        OPENSSL_free(ne_types);
    if (mval)
        OPENSSL_free(mval);
    if (buf)
        OPENSSL_free(buf);
    return NULL;
}

/* This code MUST COME AFTER anything that uses rename() */
#ifdef OPENSSL_SYS_WIN32
int WIN32_rename(const char *from, const char *to)
{
# ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_WINCE
    /*
     * Windows rename gives an error if 'to' exists, so delete it first and
     * ignore file not found errror
     */
    if ((remove(to) != 0) && (errno != ENOENT))
        return -1;
#  undef rename
    return rename(from, to);
# else
    /* convert strings to UNICODE */
    {
        BOOL result = FALSE;
        WCHAR *wfrom;
        WCHAR *wto;
        int i;
        wfrom = malloc((strlen(from) + 1) * 2);
        wto = malloc((strlen(to) + 1) * 2);
        if (wfrom != NULL && wto != NULL) {
            for (i = 0; i < (int)strlen(from) + 1; i++)
                wfrom[i] = (short)from[i];
            for (i = 0; i < (int)strlen(to) + 1; i++)
                wto[i] = (short)to[i];
            result = MoveFile(wfrom, wto);
        }
        if (wfrom != NULL)
            free(wfrom);
        if (wto != NULL)
            free(wto);
        return result;
    }
# endif
}
#endif

int args_verify(char ***pargs, int *pargc,
                int *badarg, BIO *err, X509_VERIFY_PARAM **pm)
{
    ASN1_OBJECT *otmp = NULL;
    unsigned long flags = 0;
    int i;
    int purpose = 0;
    char **oldargs = *pargs;
    char *arg = **pargs, *argn = (*pargs)[1];
    if (!strcmp(arg, "-policy")) {
        if (!argn)
            *badarg = 1;
        else {
            otmp = OBJ_txt2obj(argn, 0);
            if (!otmp) {
                BIO_printf(err, "Invalid Policy \"%s\"\n", argn);
                *badarg = 1;
            }
        }
        (*pargs)++;
    } else if (strcmp(arg, "-purpose") == 0) {
        X509_PURPOSE *xptmp;
        if (!argn)
            *badarg = 1;
        else {
            i = X509_PURPOSE_get_by_sname(argn);
            if (i < 0) {
                BIO_printf(err, "unrecognized purpose\n");
                *badarg = 1;
            } else {
                xptmp = X509_PURPOSE_get0(i);
                purpose = X509_PURPOSE_get_id(xptmp);
            }
        }
        (*pargs)++;
    } else if (!strcmp(arg, "-ignore_critical"))
        flags |= X509_V_FLAG_IGNORE_CRITICAL;
    else if (!strcmp(arg, "-issuer_checks"))
        flags |= X509_V_FLAG_CB_ISSUER_CHECK;
    else if (!strcmp(arg, "-crl_check"))
        flags |= X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK;
    else if (!strcmp(arg, "-crl_check_all"))
        flags |= X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK | X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL;
    else if (!strcmp(arg, "-policy_check"))
        flags |= X509_V_FLAG_POLICY_CHECK;
    else if (!strcmp(arg, "-explicit_policy"))
        flags |= X509_V_FLAG_EXPLICIT_POLICY;
    else if (!strcmp(arg, "-x509_strict"))
        flags |= X509_V_FLAG_X509_STRICT;
    else if (!strcmp(arg, "-policy_print"))
        flags |= X509_V_FLAG_NOTIFY_POLICY;
    else if (!strcmp(arg, "-check_ss_sig"))
        flags |= X509_V_FLAG_CHECK_SS_SIGNATURE;
    else
        return 0;

    if (*badarg) {
        if (*pm)
            X509_VERIFY_PARAM_free(*pm);
        *pm = NULL;
        goto end;
    }

    if (!*pm && !(*pm = X509_VERIFY_PARAM_new())) {
        *badarg = 1;
        goto end;
    }

    if (otmp)
        X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_policy(*pm, otmp);
    if (flags)
        X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags(*pm, flags);

    if (purpose)
        X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_purpose(*pm, purpose);

 end:

    (*pargs)++;

    if (pargc)
        *pargc -= *pargs - oldargs;

    return 1;

}

static void nodes_print(BIO *out, const char *name,
                        STACK_OF(X509_POLICY_NODE) *nodes)
{
    X509_POLICY_NODE *node;
    int i;
    BIO_printf(out, "%s Policies:", name);
    if (nodes) {
        BIO_puts(out, "\n");
        for (i = 0; i < sk_X509_POLICY_NODE_num(nodes); i++) {
            node = sk_X509_POLICY_NODE_value(nodes, i);
            X509_POLICY_NODE_print(out, node, 2);
        }
    } else
        BIO_puts(out, " <empty>\n");
}

void policies_print(BIO *out, X509_STORE_CTX *ctx)
{
    X509_POLICY_TREE *tree;
    int explicit_policy;
    int free_out = 0;
    if (out == NULL) {
        out = BIO_new_fp(stderr, BIO_NOCLOSE);
        free_out = 1;
    }
    tree = X509_STORE_CTX_get0_policy_tree(ctx);
    explicit_policy = X509_STORE_CTX_get_explicit_policy(ctx);

    BIO_printf(out, "Require explicit Policy: %s\n",
               explicit_policy ? "True" : "False");

    nodes_print(out, "Authority", X509_policy_tree_get0_policies(tree));
    nodes_print(out, "User", X509_policy_tree_get0_user_policies(tree));
    if (free_out)
        BIO_free(out);
}

#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_JPAKE

static JPAKE_CTX *jpake_init(const char *us, const char *them,
                             const char *secret)
{
    BIGNUM *p = NULL;
    BIGNUM *g = NULL;
    BIGNUM *q = NULL;
    BIGNUM *bnsecret = BN_new();
    JPAKE_CTX *ctx;

    /* Use a safe prime for p (that we found earlier) */
    BN_hex2bn(&p,
              "F9E5B365665EA7A05A9C534502780FEE6F1AB5BD4F49947FD036DBD7E905269AF46EF28B0FC07487EE4F5D20FB3C0AF8E700F3A2FA3414970CBED44FEDFF80CE78D800F184BB82435D137AADA2C6C16523247930A63B85661D1FC817A51ACD96168E95898A1F83A79FFB529368AA7833ABD1B0C3AEDDB14D2E1A2F71D99F763F");
    g = BN_new();
    BN_set_word(g, 2);
    q = BN_new();
    BN_rshift1(q, p);

    BN_bin2bn((const unsigned char *)secret, strlen(secret), bnsecret);

    ctx = JPAKE_CTX_new(us, them, p, g, q, bnsecret);
    BN_free(bnsecret);
    BN_free(q);
    BN_free(g);
    BN_free(p);

    return ctx;
}

static void jpake_send_part(BIO *conn, const JPAKE_STEP_PART *p)
{
    BN_print(conn, p->gx);
    BIO_puts(conn, "\n");
    BN_print(conn, p->zkpx.gr);
    BIO_puts(conn, "\n");
    BN_print(conn, p->zkpx.b);
    BIO_puts(conn, "\n");
}

static void jpake_send_step1(BIO *bconn, JPAKE_CTX *ctx)
{
    JPAKE_STEP1 s1;

    JPAKE_STEP1_init(&s1);
    JPAKE_STEP1_generate(&s1, ctx);
    jpake_send_part(bconn, &s1.p1);
    jpake_send_part(bconn, &s1.p2);
    (void)BIO_flush(bconn);
    JPAKE_STEP1_release(&s1);
}

static void jpake_send_step2(BIO *bconn, JPAKE_CTX *ctx)
{
    JPAKE_STEP2 s2;

    JPAKE_STEP2_init(&s2);
    JPAKE_STEP2_generate(&s2, ctx);
    jpake_send_part(bconn, &s2);
    (void)BIO_flush(bconn);
    JPAKE_STEP2_release(&s2);
}

static void jpake_send_step3a(BIO *bconn, JPAKE_CTX *ctx)
{
    JPAKE_STEP3A s3a;

    JPAKE_STEP3A_init(&s3a);
    JPAKE_STEP3A_generate(&s3a, ctx);
    BIO_write(bconn, s3a.hhk, sizeof s3a.hhk);
    (void)BIO_flush(bconn);
    JPAKE_STEP3A_release(&s3a);
}

static void jpake_send_step3b(BIO *bconn, JPAKE_CTX *ctx)
{
    JPAKE_STEP3B s3b;

    JPAKE_STEP3B_init(&s3b);
    JPAKE_STEP3B_generate(&s3b, ctx);
    BIO_write(bconn, s3b.hk, sizeof s3b.hk);
    (void)BIO_flush(bconn);
    JPAKE_STEP3B_release(&s3b);
}

static void readbn(BIGNUM **bn, BIO *bconn)
{
    char buf[10240];
    int l;

    l = BIO_gets(bconn, buf, sizeof buf);
    assert(l > 0);
    assert(buf[l - 1] == '\n');
    buf[l - 1] = '\0';
    BN_hex2bn(bn, buf);
}

static void jpake_receive_part(JPAKE_STEP_PART *p, BIO *bconn)
{
    readbn(&p->gx, bconn);
    readbn(&p->zkpx.gr, bconn);
    readbn(&p->zkpx.b, bconn);
}

static void jpake_receive_step1(JPAKE_CTX *ctx, BIO *bconn)
{
    JPAKE_STEP1 s1;

    JPAKE_STEP1_init(&s1);
    jpake_receive_part(&s1.p1, bconn);
    jpake_receive_part(&s1.p2, bconn);
    if (!JPAKE_STEP1_process(ctx, &s1)) {
        ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
        exit(1);
    }
    JPAKE_STEP1_release(&s1);
}

static void jpake_receive_step2(JPAKE_CTX *ctx, BIO *bconn)
{
    JPAKE_STEP2 s2;

    JPAKE_STEP2_init(&s2);
    jpake_receive_part(&s2, bconn);
    if (!JPAKE_STEP2_process(ctx, &s2)) {
        ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
        exit(1);
    }
    JPAKE_STEP2_release(&s2);
}

static void jpake_receive_step3a(JPAKE_CTX *ctx, BIO *bconn)
{
    JPAKE_STEP3A s3a;
    int l;

    JPAKE_STEP3A_init(&s3a);
    l = BIO_read(bconn, s3a.hhk, sizeof s3a.hhk);
    assert(l == sizeof s3a.hhk);
    if (!JPAKE_STEP3A_process(ctx, &s3a)) {
        ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
        exit(1);
    }
    JPAKE_STEP3A_release(&s3a);
}

static void jpake_receive_step3b(JPAKE_CTX *ctx, BIO *bconn)
{
    JPAKE_STEP3B s3b;
    int l;

    JPAKE_STEP3B_init(&s3b);
    l = BIO_read(bconn, s3b.hk, sizeof s3b.hk);
    assert(l == sizeof s3b.hk);
    if (!JPAKE_STEP3B_process(ctx, &s3b)) {
        ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
        exit(1);
    }
    JPAKE_STEP3B_release(&s3b);
}

void jpake_client_auth(BIO *out, BIO *conn, const char *secret)
{
    JPAKE_CTX *ctx;
    BIO *bconn;

    BIO_puts(out, "Authenticating with JPAKE\n");

    ctx = jpake_init("client", "server", secret);

    bconn = BIO_new(BIO_f_buffer());
    BIO_push(bconn, conn);

    jpake_send_step1(bconn, ctx);
    jpake_receive_step1(ctx, bconn);
    jpake_send_step2(bconn, ctx);
    jpake_receive_step2(ctx, bconn);
    jpake_send_step3a(bconn, ctx);
    jpake_receive_step3b(ctx, bconn);

    /*
     * The problem is that you must use the derived key in the
     * session key or you are subject to man-in-the-middle
     * attacks.
     */
    BIO_puts(out, "JPAKE authentication succeeded (N.B. This version can"
             " be MitMed. See the version in HEAD for how to do it"
             " properly)\n");

    BIO_pop(bconn);
    BIO_free(bconn);
}

void jpake_server_auth(BIO *out, BIO *conn, const char *secret)
{
    JPAKE_CTX *ctx;
    BIO *bconn;

    BIO_puts(out, "Authenticating with JPAKE\n");

    ctx = jpake_init("server", "client", secret);

    bconn = BIO_new(BIO_f_buffer());
    BIO_push(bconn, conn);

    jpake_receive_step1(ctx, bconn);
    jpake_send_step1(bconn, ctx);
    jpake_receive_step2(ctx, bconn);
    jpake_send_step2(bconn, ctx);
    jpake_receive_step3a(ctx, bconn);
    jpake_send_step3b(bconn, ctx);

    /*
     * The problem is that you must use the derived key in the
     * session key or you are subject to man-in-the-middle
     * attacks.
     */
    BIO_puts(out, "JPAKE authentication succeeded (N.B. This version can"
             " be MitMed. See the version in HEAD for how to do it"
             " properly)\n");

    BIO_pop(bconn);
    BIO_free(bconn);
}

#endif