southamerica revision 121098
1121098Swollman# @(#)southamerica	7.49
264499Swollman
32742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
42742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
52742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
62742Swollman
758787Sru# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-07-07):
82742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
958787Sru# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
1058787Sru# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
112742Swollman#
1286222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1320094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1420094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1520094Swollman# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
1620094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990.
1720094Swollman#
1820094Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
1920094Swollman# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
2020094Swollman#
2119878Swollman# Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
2219878Swollman# ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
2319878Swollman# suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
2419878Swollman#	I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
2519878Swollman#	_daylight-saving time_.  _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
2619878Swollman#	in Europe and South America.
2719878Swollman#	-- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
2819878Swollman#	H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
2958787Sru#
3058787Sru# Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
3158787Sru# for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
3258787Sru# "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
3358787Sru# the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
3458787Sru#	The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
3558787Sru#	Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
3658787Sru#	"official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
3758787Sru#	The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
3858787Sru#	"plus one" or "plus two".  As far as I know there is no such
3958787Sru#	name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
4058787Sru# So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
4158787Sru# Corrections are welcome!
4258787Sru#		std	dst
4358787Sru#	-2:00	FNT	FNST	Fernando de Noronha
4458787Sru#	-3:00	BRT	BRST	Brasilia
4558787Sru#	-4:00	AMT	AMST	Amazon
4658787Sru#	-5:00	ACT	ACST	Acre
472742Swollman
482742Swollman###############################################################################
492742Swollman
502742Swollman###############################################################################
512742Swollman
522742Swollman# Argentina
532742Swollman
5419878Swollman# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
552742Swollman# Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
562742Swollman# Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974.  Switches at midnight.
572742Swollman
5819878Swollman# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-199):
592742Swollman# ARGENTINA           3 H BEHIND   UTC
602742Swollman
6119878Swollman# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26):
6221217Swollman# I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
639908Swollman# AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
649908Swollman
652742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
6619878SwollmanRule	Arg	1930	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
6719878SwollmanRule	Arg	1931	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
6819878SwollmanRule	Arg	1931	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
6919878SwollmanRule	Arg	1932	1940	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
7019878SwollmanRule	Arg	1932	1939	-	Nov	 1	0:00	1:00	S
7119878SwollmanRule	Arg	1940	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
7219878SwollmanRule	Arg	1941	only	-	Jun	15	0:00	0	-
7319878SwollmanRule	Arg	1941	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
7419878SwollmanRule	Arg	1943	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	-
7519878SwollmanRule	Arg	1943	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
7619878SwollmanRule	Arg	1946	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
7719878SwollmanRule	Arg	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
7819878SwollmanRule	Arg	1963	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
7919878SwollmanRule	Arg	1963	only	-	Dec	15	0:00	1:00	S
8019878SwollmanRule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
8119878SwollmanRule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
8293799SwollmanRule	Arg	1967	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	0	-
8358787SruRule	Arg	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
8458787SruRule	Arg	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
8519878SwollmanRule	Arg	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	S
8619878SwollmanRule	Arg	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
8719878SwollmanRule	Arg	1988	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
889908Swollman#
8919878Swollman# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26):
909908Swollman# These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
919908Swollman# obtaining the data from the:
929908Swollman# Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
9321217Swollman# (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
949908Swollman#
9558787Sru# Shanks stops after 1992-03-01; go with Otero.
9619878SwollmanRule	Arg	1989	1993	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
9719878SwollmanRule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
989908Swollman#
9919878Swollman# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26):
1009908Swollman# From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
1019908Swollman# time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
1029908Swollman# to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
1039908Swollman#
10458787Sru# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
10558787Sru# On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
10658787Sru# which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
10764499Swollman# from the International Date Line.
10864499SwollmanRule	Arg	1999	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
10964499SwollmanRule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
11058787Sru#
11158787Sru# From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
11267578Swollman# We just checked with our Sao Paulo office and they say the government of
11358787Sru# Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
11458787Sru# So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
11558787Sru#
11664499Swollman# From Fabian L. Arce Jofre <farcejofre@bigfoot.com> (2000-04-04):
11764499Swollman# The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
11864499Swollman# de la Rua on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
11964499Swollman# in the winter time, rather than less.  The change took effect on March 3.
12064499Swollman#
12186222Swollman# From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
12286222Swollman# one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999
12386222Swollman# Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be
12486222Swollman# in effect.... The article is at
12586222Swollman# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm
12686222Swollman# ... The Law itself is "Ley No 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted
12786222Swollman# 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21.  The official publication is at:
12886222Swollman# http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-99LEG.PDF
12986222Swollman# Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version....
13086222Swollman#
13186222Swollman# (2001-06-12):
13286222Swollman# the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday.
13386222Swollman# Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th....
13486222Swollman# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm
13586222Swollman#
13686222Swollman# (2001-06-25):
13786222Swollman# Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the
13886222Swollman# Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed.
13986222Swollman# http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm
14086222Swollman# It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same....
14186222Swollman# This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina.
14286222Swollman# We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country.
14386222Swollman#
14493799Swollman#
14593799Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-01-22):
14693799Swollman# <a href="http://www.spicasc.net/horvera.html">
14793799Swollman# Hora de verano para la Republica Argentina (2000-10-01)
14893799Swollman# </a> says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
14993799Swollman# to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25.  Go with this more-precise value
15093799Swollman# over Shanks.
15193799Swollman
15293799Swollman# Unless otherwise specified, data are from Shanks through 1992, from
15393799Swollman# the IATA otherwise.  As noted below, Shanks says that
15493799Swollman# America/Cordoba split into 7 subregions during 1991/1992, but we
15593799Swollman# haven't verified this yet so for now we'll keep it a single region.
15693799Swollman#
1572742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
15820094Swollman#
15964499Swollman# Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF), Santa Cruz (SC),
16064499Swollman# Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (TF)
16193799SwollmanZone America/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 -	LMT	1894 Oct 31
16293799Swollman			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
16319878Swollman			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
16458787Sru			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
16593799Swollman			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
16693799Swollman			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
16764499Swollman			-3:00	-	ART
16820094Swollman#
16920094Swollman# Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
17093799Swollman# Formosa (FM), Salta (SA), Tucuman (TM), Santiago del Estero (SE),
17193799Swollman# Cordoba (CB), La Rioja (LR), San Juan (SJ), San Luis (SL), La Pampa (LP),
17293799Swollman# Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN), Chubut (CH)
17320094Swollman#
17493799Swollman# Shanks also makes the following claims, which we haven't verified:
17593799Swollman# - Formosa switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-07.
17693799Swollman# - La Rioja and San Juan switched to -4:00 on 1991-03-01
177105196Swollman#   and then to -3:00 on 1991-05-07.
17893799Swollman# - Misiones switched to -3:00 on 1990-12-29.
17993799Swollman# - Chaco switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-04.
18093799Swollman# - San Luis switched to -4:00 on 1990-03-14, then to -3:00 on 1990-10-15,
18193799Swollman#   then to -4:00 on 1991-03-01, then to -3:00 on 1991-06-01.
18293799Swollman# - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01,
18393799Swollman#   then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26.
18493799Swollman# If we need to add Zones for these areas, we may need to have a subdirectory
18593799Swollman# for Argentina, as e.g. "America/San_Luis" is too ambiguious.
18693799Swollman#
18793799SwollmanZone America/Cordoba	-4:16:48 -	LMT	1894 Oct 31
18893799Swollman			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
18920094Swollman			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
19058787Sru			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
19193799Swollman			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
19293799Swollman			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
19393799Swollman			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
19493799Swollman			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
19520094Swollman			-3:00	-	ART
19620094Swollman#
19720094Swollman# Jujuy (JY)
19893799SwollmanZone America/Jujuy	-4:21:12 -	LMT	1894 Oct 31
19993799Swollman			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
20020094Swollman			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
20120094Swollman			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
20293799Swollman			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Mar  4
20393799Swollman			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 28
20493799Swollman			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar 17
20520094Swollman			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct  6
20693799Swollman			-3:00	1:00	ARST	1992
20793799Swollman			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
20893799Swollman			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
20920094Swollman			-3:00	-	ART
21020094Swollman#
21120094Swollman# Catamarca (CT)
21293799SwollmanZone America/Catamarca	-4:23:08 -	LMT	1894 Oct 31
21393799Swollman			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
21420094Swollman			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
21558787Sru			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
21693799Swollman			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
21793799Swollman			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
21893799Swollman			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
21993799Swollman			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
22020094Swollman			-3:00	-	ART
22120094Swollman#
22220094Swollman# Mendoza (MZ)
22393799SwollmanZone America/Mendoza	-4:35:16 -	LMT	1894 Oct 31
22493799Swollman			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
22520094Swollman			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
22620094Swollman			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
22793799Swollman			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Mar  4
22893799Swollman			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 15
22993799Swollman			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar  1
23020094Swollman			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 15
23120094Swollman			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1992 Mar  1
23220094Swollman			-4:00	-	WART	1992 Oct 18
23393799Swollman			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
23493799Swollman			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
23520094Swollman			-3:00	-	ART
2368029Swollman
23714343Swollman# Aruba
23814343Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
23914343SwollmanZone	America/Aruba	-4:40:24 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Oranjestad
24019878Swollman			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
24114343Swollman			-4:00	-	AST
24214343Swollman
2432742Swollman# Bolivia
2442742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2452742SwollmanZone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
24686222Swollman			-4:32:36 -	CMT	1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
24719878Swollman			-4:32:36 1:00	BOST	1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
24819878Swollman			-4:00	-	BOT	# Bolivia Time
2492742Swollman
2502742Swollman# Brazil
2512742Swollman
25219878Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
2532742Swollman# The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
2542742Swollman# just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
2552742Swollman# The rule change lasted only part of the day;
2562742Swollman# the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
2572742Swollman# was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.
2582742Swollman
25920094Swollman# From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
26020094Swollman# _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
26120094Swollman# Santa Catarina (SC), Parana (PR), Sao Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
26220094Swollman# Espirito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goias (GO),
26320094Swollman# Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
26420094Swollman# [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
26520094Swollman
26620094Swollman# From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
26720094Swollman# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goias until 1989), and other
26820094Swollman# sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
26920094Swollman# always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
27020094Swollman# The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91.  Each issue from then until
27120094Swollman# 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
27220094Swollman# along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
27320094Swollman# (UTC-4)....  The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
27420094Swollman# UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
27520094Swollman# UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
27620094Swollman# become part of the state of Pernambuco).  The boundary between BR1 and BR2
27720094Swollman# has never been clearly stated.  They've simply been called East and West.
27820094Swollman# However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
27920094Swollman# Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil.  For each
28020094Swollman# airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM.  From that
28120094Swollman# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapa (AP), Ceara (CE),
28220094Swollman# Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
28320094Swollman# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
28420094Swollman
28543014Swollman# From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
28643014Swollman# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html">
28743014Swollman# Brazilian official page
28843014Swollman# </a>
28975267Swollman
29075267Swollman# From Jesper Norgaard (2000-11-03):
29175267Swollman# [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
29275267Swollman# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
29375267Swollman# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
29475267Swollman
295105196Swollman# From Celso Doria via David Madeo (2002-10-09):
296105196Swollman# The reason for the delay this year has to do with elections in Brazil.
297105196Swollman#
298105196Swollman# Unlike in the United States, elections in Brazil are 100% computerized and
299105196Swollman# the results are known almost immediately.  Yesterday, it was the first
300105196Swollman# round of the elections when 115 million Brazilians voted for President,
301105196Swollman# Governor, Senators, Federal Deputies, and State Deputies.  Nobody is
302105196Swollman# counting (or re-counting) votes anymore and we know there will be a second
303105196Swollman# round for the Presidency and also for some Governors.  The 2nd round will
304105196Swollman# take place on October 27th.
305105196Swollman#
306105196Swollman# The reason why the DST will only begin November 3rd is that the thousands
307105196Swollman# of electoral machines used cannot have their time changed, and since the
308105196Swollman# Constitution says the elections must begin at 8:00 AM and end at 5:00 PM,
309105196Swollman# the Government decided to postpone DST, instead of changing the Constitution
310105196Swollman# (maybe, for the next elections, it will be possible to change the clock)...
311105196Swollman
312105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
313105196Swollman# The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
31443014Swollman# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html">
31543014Swollman# Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
316105196Swollman# </a> (2001-09-20, in Portuguese).
31767578Swollman# The official site for all decrees, including those not related to time, is
31867578Swollman# <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/principal_ano.htm">
31967578Swollman# Presidencia da Republica, Subchefia para Assuntos Juridicos, Decretos
32067578Swollman# </a> (in Portuguese).
32143014Swollman
3222742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
32343543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm">20,466</a> (1931-10-01)
32443543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm">21,896</a> (1932-01-10)
32558787SruRule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	S
32658787SruRule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
32758787SruRule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
32843543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm">23,195</a> (1933-10-10)
32943014Swollman# revoked DST.
33043543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm">27,496</a> (1949-11-24)
33143543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm">27,998</a> (1950-04-13)
33258787SruRule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
33358787SruRule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 1:00	0	-
33458787SruRule	Brazil	1951	1952	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
33543543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm">32,308</a> (1953-02-24)
33658787SruRule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
33743543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm">34,724</a> (1953-11-30)
33843014Swollman# revoked DST.
33943543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm">52,700</a> (1963-10-18)
34043543Swollman# established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
34143543Swollman# in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
34243543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm">53,071</a> (1963-12-03)
34343543Swollman# extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
34458787SruRule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
34543543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm">53,604</a> (1964-02-25)
34643543Swollman# extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
34758787SruRule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
34843543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm">55,639</a> (1965-01-27)
34958787SruRule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	S
35058787SruRule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Mar	31	 0:00	0	-
35143543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm">57,303</a> (1965-11-22)
35258787SruRule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
35343543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm">57,843</a> (1966-02-18)
35458787SruRule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
35558787SruRule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
35643543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm">63,429</a> (1968-10-15)
35743543Swollman# revoked DST.
35843543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm">91,698</a> (1985-09-27)
35958787SruRule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
36043543Swollman# Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
36143543Swollman# Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
36258787SruRule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	-
36343543Swollman# Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
36458787SruRule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
36558787SruRule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	-
36643543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm">94,922</a> (1987-09-22)
36758787SruRule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
36858787SruRule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	-
36943543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm">96,676</a> (1988-09-12)
37043543Swollman# except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
37158787SruRule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	S
37258787SruRule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	29	 0:00	0	-
37343543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm">98,077</a> (1989-08-21)
37443543Swollman# with the same exceptions
37558787SruRule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Oct	15	 0:00	1:00	S
37658787SruRule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
37743543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm">99,530</a> (1990-09-17)
37843543Swollman# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
37943543Swollman# Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
38058787SruRule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	1:00	S
38158787SruRule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Feb	17	 0:00	0	-
38243543Swollman# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1991-09-25)
38343543Swollman# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
38458787SruRule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Oct	20	 0:00	1:00	S
38558787SruRule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Feb	 9	 0:00	0	-
38643543Swollman# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1992-10-16)
38743543Swollman# adopted by same states.
38858787SruRule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
38958787SruRule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	-
39043014Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm">942</a> (1993-09-28)
39143543Swollman# adopted by same states, plus AM.
39243543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm">1,252</a> (1994-09-22)
39343543Swollman# adopted by same states, minus AM.
39443543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1636.htm">1,636</a> (1995-09-14)
39543543Swollman# adopted by same states, plus TO.
39643543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm">1,674</a> (1995-10-13)
39743543Swollman# adds AL, SE.
39858787SruRule	Brazil	1993	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=11	 0:00	1:00	S
39958787SruRule	Brazil	1994	1995	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
40058787SruRule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
40143543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm">2,000</a> (1996-09-04)
40243543Swollman# adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
40358787SruRule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
40458787SruRule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	-
40543014Swollman# From Daniel C. Sobral <dcs@gns.com.br> (1998-02-12):
40643014Swollman# In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
40743014Swollman# because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
40843014Swollman# they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit.
40943014Swollman# This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1
41043014Swollman# to help dealing with the shortages of electric power.
41143014Swollman#
41243014Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25):
41343014Swollman# <a href="http://churchnet.ucsm.ac.uk/news/files2/news165.htm">
41443014Swollman# Brazil Prepares for Papal Visit
41543014Swollman# </a>,
41643014Swollman# Church Net UK (1997-10-02).
41743014Swollman#
41843543Swollman# Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
41958787SruRule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
42043543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG">2,495</a>
42143014Swollman# (1998-02-10)
42258787SruRule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
42343543Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg">2,780</a> (1998-09-11)
42458787Sru# adopted by the same states as before.
42558787SruRule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Oct	11	 0:00	1:00	S
42658787SruRule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Feb	21	 0:00	0	-
42758787Sru# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif">3,150</a>
42858787Sru# (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
42958787Sru# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif">3,188</a> (1999-09-30)
43067578Swollman# adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
43167578SwollmanRule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
43267578SwollmanRule	Brazil	2000	only	-	Feb	27	 0:00	0	-
43367578Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DEC3592.htm">3,592</a> (2000-09-06)
43467578Swollman# adopted by the same states as before.
43575267Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3630.jpg">3,630</a> (2000-10-13)
43675267Swollman# repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
43775267Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg">3,632</a> (2000-10-17)
43875267Swollman# repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
43986222Swollman# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3916.gif">3,916</a>
44086222Swollman# (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
441105196SwollmanRule	Brazil	2000	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	S
442105196SwollmanRule	Brazil	2001	max	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
443105196Swollman# Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
444105196Swollman# <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2002/D4399.htm"></a>
445105196SwollmanRule	Brazil	2002	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
446121098Swollman# Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
447121098Swollman# <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2003/D4844.htm"></a>
448121098SwollmanRule	Brazil	2003	max	-	Oct	Sun>=15	 0:00	1:00	S
449121098Swollman# The latest ruleset listed above says that the following states observe DST:
450121098Swollman# DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
45175267Swollman#
452121098Swollman# For dates after mid-2004, the above rules with TO="max" are guesses
45358787Sru# and are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.
45420094Swollman
45543014Swollman
4562742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
45720094Swollman#
45875267Swollman# Atlantic islands: Fernando de Noronha, Trindade, Martin Vaz,
45975267Swollman# Atol das Rocas, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo
4602742SwollmanZone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
46158787Sru			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	1990 Sep 17
46258787Sru			-2:00	-	FNT
46320094Swollman#
46458787Sru# Amapa (AP), east Para (PA)
46575267Swollman# East Para includes Belem, Maraba, Serra Norte, and Sao Felix do Xingu.
466121098Swollman# The division between east and west Para is the river Xingu.
467121098Swollman# In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
468121098Swollman# the border with Amapa) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
46943543SwollmanZone America/Belem	-3:13:56 -	LMT	1914
47058787Sru			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1988 Sep 12
47158787Sru			-3:00	-	BRT
47243543Swollman#
47358787Sru# Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
47475267Swollman# Paraiba (PB)
47520094SwollmanZone America/Fortaleza	-2:34:00 -	LMT	1914
47658787Sru			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
47758787Sru			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
47875267Swollman			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 22
47986222Swollman			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
480105196Swollman			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
481105196Swollman			-3:00	-	BRT
48220094Swollman#
48375267Swollman# Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
48475267SwollmanZone America/Recife	-2:19:36 -	LMT	1914
48575267Swollman			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
48675267Swollman			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
48775267Swollman			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 15
48886222Swollman			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
489105196Swollman			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
490105196Swollman			-3:00	-	BRT
49175267Swollman#
49258787Sru# Tocantins (TO)
49343543SwollmanZone America/Araguaina	-3:12:48 -	LMT	1914
49458787Sru			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
49558787Sru			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Sep 14
496121098Swollman			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2003 Sep 24
497121098Swollman			-3:00	-	BRT
49820094Swollman#
49958787Sru# Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
50043543SwollmanZone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
50158787Sru			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
50258787Sru			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Oct 13
50358787Sru			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1996 Sep  4
50458787Sru			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
50575267Swollman			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 22
50686222Swollman			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
507105196Swollman			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
508105196Swollman			-3:00	-	BRT
50943543Swollman#
510121098Swollman# Bahia (BA)
511121098Swollman# There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
512121098Swollman# of America/Salvador.
513121098SwollmanZone America/Bahia	-2:34:04 -	LMT	1914
514121098Swollman			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2003 Sep 24
515121098Swollman			-3:00	-	BRT
516121098Swollman#
517121098Swollman# Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
51858787Sru# Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR),
51958787Sru# Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
5202742SwollmanZone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
52158787Sru			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1963 Oct 23 00:00
52258787Sru			-3:00	1:00	BRST	1964
52358787Sru			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
52420094Swollman#
525121098Swollman# Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
526121098SwollmanZone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 -	LMT	1914
52758787Sru			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
52820094Swollman#
529121098Swollman# Mato Grosso (MT)
530121098SwollmanZone America/Cuiaba	-3:44:20 -	LMT	1914
531121098Swollman			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	2003 Sep 24
532121098Swollman			-4:00	-	AMT
533121098Swollman#
53458787Sru# west Para (PA), Rondonia (RO)
53575267Swollman# West Para includes Altamira, Oribidos, Prainha, Oriximina, and Santarem.
53643543SwollmanZone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -	LMT	1914
53758787Sru			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
53858787Sru			-4:00	-	AMT
53943543Swollman#
54058787Sru# Roraima (RR)
54158787SruZone America/Boa_Vista	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1914
54258787Sru			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
54358787Sru			-4:00	-	AMT	1999 Sep 30
54475267Swollman			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	2000 Oct 15
54575267Swollman			-4:00	-	AMT
54658787Sru#
54775267Swollman# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutai, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
548121098Swollman# The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
549121098Swollman# east from west Amazonas.
5502742SwollmanZone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
55158787Sru			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
55258787Sru			-4:00	-	AMT	1993 Sep 28
55358787Sru			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1994 Sep 22
55458787Sru			-4:00	-	AMT
55520094Swollman#
55675267Swollman# west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
55775267Swollman#	Eirunepe, Envira, Ipixuna
55875267SwollmanZone America/Eirunepe	-4:39:28 -	LMT	1914
55975267Swollman			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
56075267Swollman			-5:00	-	ACT	1993 Sep 28
56175267Swollman			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1994 Sep 22
56275267Swollman			-5:00	-	ACT
56375267Swollman#
56458787Sru# Acre (AC)
56575267SwollmanZone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
56658787Sru			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
56758787Sru			-5:00	-	ACT
5682742Swollman
5692742Swollman
5702742Swollman# Chile
5712742Swollman
57214343Swollman# From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
57314343Swollman# The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
57414343Swollman# of October....  The law is the same for March and October.
57543014Swollman# (1998-09-29):
57643014Swollman# Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into
57743014Swollman# DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
57843014Swollman# (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
5792742Swollman
58058787Sru# From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
58158787Sru# Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
58258787Sru# on April 3, (one-time change).
58358787Sru
58486222Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-04):
58586222Swollman# I came across another article in "La Tercera" about Chilean DST.
58686222Swollman# <http://www.tercera.cl/diario/2000/10/13/t-extras.html>
58786222Swollman# It clearly confirms my earlier suggestion, that DST begins at 22:00
58886222Swollman# on Easter Island....  But it also seems to be saying that the
58986222Swollman# observance of DST in Chile began in 1966, rather than 1969 as
59086222Swollman# ... [Shanks] has it....
59186222Swollman#
59286222Swollman# My translation:
59386222Swollman#
59486222Swollman# "The Chilean Army has announced that summer time will begin tomorrow,
59586222Swollman# Saturday, October 14 in continental Chile, insular Chile, and
59686222Swollman# Antarctica, as provided by Supreme Decree 25 of January 11, 1966.
59786222Swollman# By the preceding, official time in continental Chile and Chilean
59886222Swollman# Antarctic, and official time in Western Insular Chile, which applies
59986222Swollman# to Easter Island and Sala y Gomez Island, will be set forward at
60086222Swollman# midnight and at 22:00, respectively, by 20 minutes."
60175267Swollman
60286222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
60386222Swollman# Go with this article in preference to Shanks's 1969 date for modern DST.
60475267Swollman# Assume this rule has been used since DST was introduced in the islands.
60575267Swollman
606114173Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-24):
607114173Swollman# <http://www.shoa.cl/shoa/faqhoraoficial.htm> gives many details that
608114173Swollman# disagree with the following table, but we haven't had time to compare them.
609114173Swollman
6102742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
61158787SruRule	Chile	1918	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
61258787SruRule	Chile	1919	only	-	Jul	 2	0:00	0	-
61358787SruRule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
61458787SruRule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
61586222SwollmanRule	Chile	1966	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
61686222SwollmanRule	Chile	1967	1998	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
61775267SwollmanRule	Chile	1998	only	-	Sep	27	4:00u	1:00	S
61875267SwollmanRule	Chile	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	3:00u	0	-
61975267SwollmanRule	Chile	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
62075267SwollmanRule	Chile	2000	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
62120094Swollman# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1990-09) says 1990-09-16; (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
62258787Sru# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
6232742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6242742SwollmanZone America/Santiago	-4:42:40 -	LMT	1890
62519878Swollman			-4:42:40 -	SMT	1910	    # Santiago Mean Time
62619878Swollman			-5:00	Chile	CL%sT	1932 Sep    # Chile Time
62719878Swollman			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT
6282742SwollmanZone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890	    # Mataveri
62919878Swollman			-7:17:28 -	MMT	1932 Sep    # Mataveri Mean Time
63019878Swollman			-7:00	Chile	EAS%sT	1982 Mar 14 # Easter I Time
63119878Swollman			-6:00	Chile	EAS%sT
6322742Swollman#
63386222Swollman# Sala y Gomez Island is like Pacific/Easter.
63486222Swollman# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernandez Is, San Ambrosio,
63586222Swollman# San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
6362742Swollman
6372742Swollman# Colombia
63858787Sru# Shanks specifies 24:00 for 1992 transition times; go with IATA,
63958787Sru# as it seems implausible to change clocks at midnight New Year's Eve.
64020094Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
64120094SwollmanRule	CO	1992	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
64220094SwollmanRule	CO	1992	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
6432742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6442742SwollmanZone	America/Bogota	-4:56:20 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
64519878Swollman			-4:56:20 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
64620094Swollman			-5:00	CO	CO%sT	# Colombia Time
6472742Swollman# Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
6482742Swollman# no information; probably like America/Bogota
6492742Swollman
6502742Swollman# Curacao
65158787Sru# Shanks says that Bottom and Oranjestad have been at -4:00 since
65243014Swollman# standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that Kralendijk and Rincon
65343014Swollman# used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.
65443014Swollman# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
6552742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6562742SwollmanZone	America/Curacao	-4:35:44 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Willemstad
65719878Swollman			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
6582742Swollman			-4:00	-	AST
6592742Swollman
6602742Swollman# Ecuador
6612742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6622742SwollmanZone America/Guayaquil	-5:19:20 -	LMT	1890
66319878Swollman			-5:14:00 -	QMT	1931 # Quito Mean Time
66419878Swollman			-5:00	-	ECT	     # Ecuador Time
6652742SwollmanZone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
66619878Swollman			-5:00	-	ECT	1986
66719878Swollman			-6:00	-	GALT	     # Galapagos Time
6682742Swollman
6692742Swollman# Falklands
67075267Swollman
67175267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
67275267Swollman# Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks and the IATA agree except
67375267Swollman# the IATA gives 1996-09-08.  Go with Shanks.
67475267Swollman
67575267Swollman# From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
67675267Swollman# via Jesper Norgaard:
67775267Swollman# ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
67875267Swollman# April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
67975267Swollman# September.  It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
68075267Swollman# am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on
68175267Swollman# Sunday 1 September.
68275267Swollman
68375267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-02-13):
68475267Swollman#
68575267Swollman# I have communicated several times with people there, and the last
68675267Swollman# time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998.  Here is
68775267Swollman# what was said then:
68875267Swollman#
68975267Swollman# "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp
69075267Swollman# did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have
69175267Swollman# started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time')
69275267Swollman# There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of
69375267Swollman# personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who
69475267Swollman# uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as
69575267Swollman# it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th
69675267Swollman# and started again on September 12/13th.  I do not know what the rule
69775267Swollman# is, but can find out if you like.  We do not change at the same time
69875267Swollman# as UK or Chile."
69975267Swollman#
70075267Swollman# I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at
70175267Swollman# 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00".  I think that this does
70275267Swollman# not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true?
70375267Swollman#
70475267Swollman# Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the
70575267Swollman# Falklands do not use DST.  I have found in my communications there
70675267Swollman# that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of
70775267Swollman# West Falkland.  Stanley is the only place that consistently observes
70875267Swollman# DST.  Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like
70975267Swollman# it.  West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers.
71075267Swollman#
71175267Swollman# I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and
71275267Swollman# which doesn't each year.  She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that
71375267Swollman# the list changes each year.  She uses it to communicate to her
71475267Swollman# customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner.
71575267Swollman
71675267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
71775267Swollman# For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
71875267Swollman# better info.
71975267Swollman
7202742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
72119878SwollmanRule	Falk	1937	1938	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
72219878SwollmanRule	Falk	1938	1942	-	Mar	Sun>=19	0:00	0	-
72319878SwollmanRule	Falk	1939	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	1:00	S
72419878SwollmanRule	Falk	1940	1942	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
72519878SwollmanRule	Falk	1943	only	-	Jan	1	0:00	0	-
72619878SwollmanRule	Falk	1983	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
72719878SwollmanRule	Falk	1984	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	0	-
72819878SwollmanRule	Falk	1984	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	1:00	S
72975267SwollmanRule	Falk	1985	2000	-	Sep	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
73075267SwollmanRule	Falk	1986	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	0	-
73175267SwollmanRule	Falk	2001	max	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
73275267SwollmanRule	Falk	2001	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
7332742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
7342742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
73519878Swollman			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12  # Stanley Mean Time
73619878Swollman			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	1983 May     # Falkland Is Time
73719878Swollman			-3:00	Falk	FK%sT	1985 Sep 15
73819878Swollman			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT
7392742Swollman
7402742Swollman# French Guiana
7412742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
7422742SwollmanZone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul
74319878Swollman			-4:00	-	GFT	1967 Oct # French Guiana Time
74419878Swollman			-3:00	-	GFT
7452742Swollman
7462742Swollman# Guyana
7472742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
7482742SwollmanZone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar	# Georgetown
74919878Swollman			-3:45	-	GBGT	1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
75019878Swollman			-3:45	-	GYT	1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
75120094Swollman			-3:00	-	GYT	1991
75220094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00.  Assume a 1991 switch.
75320094Swollman			-4:00	-	GYT
7542742Swollman
7552742Swollman# Paraguay
75658787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
75758787Sru# Shanks (1999) says that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
75858787Sru# and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with earlier
75958787Sru# editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
7602742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
76158787SruRule	Para	1975	1988	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
76219878SwollmanRule	Para	1975	1978	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
76358787SruRule	Para	1979	1991	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
76419878SwollmanRule	Para	1989	only	-	Oct	22	0:00	1:00	S
76520094SwollmanRule	Para	1990	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
76620094SwollmanRule	Para	1991	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00	1:00	S
76720094SwollmanRule	Para	1992	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
76820094SwollmanRule	Para	1992	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	1:00	S
76920094SwollmanRule	Para	1993	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	0	-
77030711SwollmanRule	Para	1993	1995	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
77120094SwollmanRule	Para	1994	1995	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
77258787SruRule	Para	1996	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
77375267Swollman# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now.
77467578Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02):
77567578Swollman# I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday
77667578Swollman# (10-01).
77775267Swollman#
77875267Swollman# Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
77975267Swollman# <a href="http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm">
78075267Swollman# Noticias, a daily paper in Asuncion, Paraguay (2000-10-01)
78175267Swollman# </a>:
78275267Swollman# Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
78375267Swollman# fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power....  The time change
78475267Swollman# system has been operating for several years.  Formerly there was a separate
78575267Swollman# decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently.  Every
78675267Swollman# year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the
78775267Swollman# clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March.
78875267Swollman#
78975267Swollman# From Jesper Norgaard (2001-03-06) [an official URL saying similar things]:
79075267Swollman# http://gateway.abc.com.py:8000/pub/pag04.mbr/artic?FHA=2001-03-03-02.24.52.900592
79175267Swollman#
79293799SwollmanRule	Para	1996	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
79375267Swollman# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks.
79475267SwollmanRule	Para	1997	only	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
79575267Swollman# Shanks says 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but
79675267Swollman# (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27).
79793799SwollmanRule	Para	1998	2001	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
79893799Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-02-28):
79993799Swollman# A decree was issued in Paraguay (no. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that changed the
80093799Swollman# dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to the first Sunday in
80193799Swollman# April.
80293799SwollmanRule	Para	2002	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
80393799SwollmanRule	Para	2002	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
80475267Swollman
80593799Swollman
8062742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
8072742SwollmanZone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
80819878Swollman			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
80919878Swollman			-4:00	-	PYT	1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
81019878Swollman			-3:00	-	PYT	1974 Apr
81119878Swollman			-4:00	Para	PY%sT
8122742Swollman
8132742Swollman# Peru
8142742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
81519878SwollmanRule	Peru	1938	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
81619878SwollmanRule	Peru	1938	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
81719878SwollmanRule	Peru	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
81819878SwollmanRule	Peru	1939	1940	-	Mar	Sun>=24	0:00	0	-
81919878SwollmanRule	Peru	1987	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
82019878SwollmanRule	Peru	1987	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
82119878SwollmanRule	Peru	1990	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
82219878SwollmanRule	Peru	1990	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
82358787Sru# IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks.
82458787SruRule	Peru	1994	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
82558787SruRule	Peru	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
8262742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
8272742SwollmanZone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
82886222Swollman			-5:08:36 -	LMT	1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
82919878Swollman			-5:00	Peru	PE%sT	# Peru Time
8302742Swollman
8312742Swollman# South Georgia
8322742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
8332742SwollmanZone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890		# Grytviken
83419878Swollman			-2:00	-	GST	# South Georgia Time
8352742Swollman
8362742Swollman# South Sandwich Is
83758787Sru# uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
8382742Swollman
8392742Swollman# Suriname
8402742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
8412742SwollmanZone America/Paramaribo	-3:40:40 -	LMT	1911
8422742Swollman			-3:40:52 -	PMT	1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
8432742Swollman			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct # The capital moved?
84419878Swollman			-3:30	-	NEGT	1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
84519878Swollman			-3:30	-	SRT	1984 Oct # Suriname Time
84619878Swollman			-3:00	-	SRT
8472742Swollman
8482742Swollman# Trinidad and Tobago
8492742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
8502742SwollmanZone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
8512742Swollman			-4:00	-	AST
8522742Swollman
8532742Swollman# Uruguay
85419878Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
8552742Swollman# Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
85658787Sru# From Shanks:
8572742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
8582742Swollman# Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
85919878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1923	only	-	Oct	 2	 0:00	0:30	HS
86019878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1924	1926	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
86119878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
86219878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1933	1935	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HS
8632742Swollman# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 1 0:00 and 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
86419878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1934	1936	-	Mar	Sat>=25	23:30s	0	-
86519878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1936	only	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
86619878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1937	1941	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
8672742Swollman# Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks.
86819878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1937	1940	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HS
8692742Swollman# Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
8702742Swollman# and 1943 Apr 13 ``to present time''; go with Shanks.
87119878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1941	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
87219878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
87319878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	S
87419878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1943	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
87519878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	May	24	 0:00	1:00	S
87619878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	Nov	15	 0:00	0	-
87719878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Jan	17	 0:00	1:00	S
87819878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Mar	 6	 0:00	0	-
87919878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1965	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
88019878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1965	only	-	Sep	26	 0:00	0	-
88119878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1966	1967	-	Oct	31	 0:00	0	-
88219878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	May	27	 0:00	0:30	HS
88319878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	Dec	 2	 0:00	0	-
88419878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Apr	24	 0:00	1:00	S
88519878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Aug	15	 0:00	0	-
88619878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Mar	10	 0:00	0:30	HS
88719878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Dec	22	 0:00	1:00	S
88819878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1976	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
88919878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1977	only	-	Dec	 4	 0:00	1:00	S
89019878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1978	only	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
89119878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
89219878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1980	only	-	May	 1	 0:00	0	-
89319878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1987	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	S
89419878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
89519878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Dec	11	 0:00	1:00	S
89619878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Mar	12	 0:00	0	-
89719878SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	1:00	S
89858787Sru# Shanks says no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
89958787Sru# and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01.  Go with IATA.
90020094SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 0:00	0	-
90120094SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1990	1991	-	Oct	Sun>=21	 0:00	1:00	S
90230711SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1992	only	-	Oct	18	 0:00	1:00	S
90320094SwollmanRule	Uruguay	1993	only	-	Feb	28	 0:00	0	-
9042742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
9052742SwollmanZone America/Montevideo	-3:44:44 -	LMT	1898 Jun 28
90619878Swollman			-3:44:44 -	MMT	1920 May  1	# Montevideo MT
90719878Swollman			-3:30	Uruguay	UY%sT	1942 Dec 14	# Uruguay Time
90819878Swollman			-3:00	Uruguay	UY%sT
9092742Swollman
9102742Swollman# Venezuela
9112742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
9122742SwollmanZone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890
91386222Swollman			-4:27:40 -	CMT	1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
91419878Swollman			-4:30	-	VET	1965	     # Venezuela Time
91519878Swollman			-4:00	-	VET
916