europe revision 9908
1# @(#)europe 7.17 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), 10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). 11# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. 12# 13# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 14# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 15# I found in the UCLA library. 16# 17# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 18# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 19# The starred Russian names are dubious. Corrections are welcome! 20# std dst 21# LMT Local Mean Time 22# LST Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'') 23# -4:00 AST Atlantic 24# -3:00 WGT+DST Western Greenland* 25# -2:00 MGT+DST Middle Greenland* 26# -1:00 EGT+DST Eastern Greenland* 27# -1:00 ACT+DST Azores and Canaries* 28# -1:00 IST IDT Iceland (no longer used)* 29# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer 30# 0:00 WET+DST Western Europe 31# 1:00 MET+DST Middle Europe 32# 2:00 EET+DST Eastern Europe 33# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 34# 3:00 TUR+DST Turkey (no longer used)* 35# 4:00 KSK KSD Kuybyshev* 36# 5:00 ESK ESD Yekaterinburg* 37# 6:00 OSK OSD Omsk* 38# 6:00 NSK NSD Novosibirsk (was 7:00 until 1994) 39# 7:00 TSK TSD Tomsk* 40# 8:00 ISK ISD Irkutsk* 41# 9:00 YSK YSD Yakutsk* 42# 10:00 VSK VSD Vladivostok* 43# 11:00 GSK GSD Magadan* 44# 12:00 PSK PSD Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski* 45# 13:00 ASK ASD Anadyr* 46# 47# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions. 48# 49# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 50# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, 51# Oxford University Press (1980). 52 53# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993): 54# LST is Local Star Time (``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya''). 55 56# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (December 4, 1994), 57# The original six [EU members]: Belguim, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 58# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 59# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 60# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 61# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 62# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 63# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 64# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 65# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 66# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 67# ... 68# The only [current nonmember using EU rules] I can speak for is Estonia, 69# which uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. I don't 70# think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 71# ... 72# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 73# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 74# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 75# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 76# in the Directive. 77 78############################################################################### 79 80# United Kingdom 81 82# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (July 6, 1994): 83# 84# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 85# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 86# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 87# of the text said: 88# 89# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 90# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longditude 91# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 92# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 93# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 94# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 95# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 96# 97# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 98# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longditude should 99# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 100# 101# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 102 103# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): 104# 105# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 106# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 107# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 108# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828); 109# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844), 110# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude. 111# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 112# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 113# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847 Sep 22 the 114# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 115# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major 116# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 117# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock 118# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 119# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 120# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 121# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 122# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 123# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2. 124# 125# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 126# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much 127# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time. 128 129# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989): 130# 131# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 132# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 133 134# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 135# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john> 136# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 137# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 138# politics making a fortune, not computing. 139 140# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993): 141# 142# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation 143# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift 144# (different from deciding to keep the status quo). According to the 145# Summer Time Order 1992 (SI 1992/1729) the dates of Summer Time for 1993 146# and 1994 are: 147# Start End 148# 1993 28 March 24 October 149# 1994 27 March 23 October 150# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT. 151# 152# There [was] an error in your tables for the start and end times prior to 1981. 153# The UK always used to change at 02:00 GMT. In 1981 it changed to 01:00 GMT 154# as a part of EC harmonisation and has remained at that time since. 155# 156# I have found the default algorithm for UK Summer Time, it is in the 157# Summer Time Act 1972. Section 1 states that in the absence of an Order 158# in Council Summer Time starts at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day 159# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in 160# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday. 161# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday 162# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.) 163# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by 164# an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above) 165# to specify the EC specified dates. 166 167# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 18, 1993): 168# 169# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department 170# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following, 171# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers, 172# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60: 173# 174# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home 175# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals 176# regarding double summer time. 177# 178# [two other similar questions omitted] 179# 180# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have 181# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of 182# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the 183# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday, 184# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that 185# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter 186# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from 187# Monday, 2nd April.' 188 189# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993): 190# 191# > # Current rules 192# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST 193# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT 194# 195# The ending rule here doesn't match the EC rules, which specify the fourth 196# Sunday in October for the UK and Eire. The `fourth Sunday' rule wasn't 197# followed in 1989, but then the sixth EC directive wasn't in force then 198# and I don't know what previous ones said. 1995 is the next year with 199# the 4th Sun on 22 Oct, but that year isn't covered by the UK Summer Time 200# Order or the sixth EC directive. Your Oct Sun>=23 rule matches history 201# and with things only announced for 2 years or so in advance who knows 202# what will happen. 203# 204# There are renewed rumours that the Government here will make another 205# attempt at resolving this issue, which is what prompted me to start 206# asking the Home Office and the EC about it again. The EC categorically 207# state they are not asking anybody to change timezone, they only want 208# common start/end dates. The UK Govt. seem to want to change our zone 209# and blame the resulting fuss on the EC. Me, I think we should scrap 210# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should 211# be the end of it. 212 213# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 22, 1993): 214# 215# I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all. 216# It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland 217# being in advance of Greenwich and Dublin mean time respectively in the 218# summer months'. 219# 220# It specifies 21 May and 1 October for 1916 (both at 02:00 GMT) and whatever 221# dates an Order in Council may specify for subsequent years. 222# 223# Section 4 states: `This act shall apply to Ireland in like manner as it 224# applies to Great Britain, with the substitution however of references 225# to Dublin mean time for references to Greenwich mean time.' 226# 227# Lorna, my learned legal friend who supplied it, also offers this quote 228# from Halsbury's Statutes on the extent of Acts: 229# 230# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie 231# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside. 232# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since 233# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland, 234# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.' 235# 236# She goes on to say the seminal event of 1922 was the establishment of 237# the Irish Free State, now called Eire. 238# 239# The Act doesn't say anything about Wales (or Scotland) so I would assert 240# that Shanks is wrong here. I would like to know why he thinks Wales 241# was different. 242# 243# It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then, 244# and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct. 245 246# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 28, 1993): 247# 248# I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of 249# the Time (Ireland) Act 1916. 250# 251# It says that as from 2 AM Dublin Mean Time on 1 October 1916 the time 252# for general purposes in Ireland shall be the same as the rest of Great 253# Britain (ie. GMT with the Summer Time periods specified by the Summer Time 254# Act 1916).... As Ireland was behind GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct GB would 255# have already put the clocks back. Using DST as Dublin Summer Time the 256# sequence would have been: 257# Dublin London 258# 02:34 DST 02:59 BST 259# 02:35 DST 02:00 GMT 260# 02:59 DST 02:24 GMT 261# 02:25 GMT 02:25 GMT 262# with the transition 03:00 DST -> 02:00 DMT -> 02:25 GMT all at once. 263# 264# In a table of repeals in the Schedule to the Act it mentions the 265# Statutes (Definition of Time) Act 1880. This is presumably the source 266# of the 1880 date in Shanks. The little bit of it that is repealed 267# also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time. 268 269# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 29, 1993): 270# 271# My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin 272# Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom 273# ever since it first started in 1916. 274# 275# The United Kingdom is England, Wales and Scotland plus all of Ireland from 276# 1916 up to and including 1921, or plus Northern Ireland from 1922 to date. 277# 278# The dates used are those specified in the table in Summer Time: A Consultation 279# Document (Cm 722, 1989) that are now included in the europe file, with a 280# change to a single date, the start in 1924. I made a typo in my 1989 mail 281# and the table itself is also wrong. The correct date is 13 April. 282# The times were 02:00 GMT up to and including 1980, 01:00 GMT from 1981 on, 283# except for wartime double summer time. 284# 285# As evidence I would cite: 286# 287# - The Summer Time Act, 1916. 288# 289# This specifically states that it applies to Ireland, specifies dates of 290# 21 May and 1 October and times of 02:00, and says that in Ireland the 291# times relate to Dublin mean time. It specifies an offset of 1 hour. 292# 293# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 294# 295# This abolishes Dublin mean time on 02:00 DMT 1 October 1916. 296# It repeals that section of the Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 297# that specifies DMT. It is therefore a safe bet that DMT existed at least 298# from 1880 and was the only alternative standard time in the UK. 299# 300# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 301# 302# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third 303# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after 304# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September. 305# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament 306# so approved. 307# 308# It specifically states that it applies to Northern Ireland, the Channel 309# Islands, and the Isle of Man. 310# 311# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 312# 313# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the 314# day after the first Saturday in October. It says nothing about extent, 315# so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply. 316# 317# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379 318# [SR&O == Statutary Regulation and Order] 319# 320# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939. 321# It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November. 322# It makes consequential changes to some vehicle lighting legislation, 323# which includes the Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Act, 324# 1934, so it seems clear it applies in Northern Ireland. 325# 326# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 327# 1939, SR&O 1940 No. 1883 328# 329# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940. 330# It says nothing about extent and has no consequential changes. 331# 332# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 333# 1939, SR&O 1941 No. 476 334# 335# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after 336# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the 337# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time, 338# which continues throughout the rest of the year. It goes on a lot about 339# consequential changes to agricultural wages legislation, and says in part 340# `... and in its application to Northern Ireland have effect as 341# if for the references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) Acts, 1924 and 342# 1940, there were substituted references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) 343# Acts (Northern Ireland), 1939 and 1940, ...'. It also has a similar section 344# for Scotland. Both sections substitute the local Agricultural Wages Board 345# for the Agricultural Wages Board for England and Wales, showing that 346# England and Wales were indivisible. 347# 348# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 349# 1939, SR&O 1942 No. 506 350# 351# This changes the start date of double summer time to the day after the first 352# Saturday in April. It says nothing about extent. 353# 354# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 355# 1939, SR&O 1944 No. 932 356# 357# This changed the end date of double summer time to 17 September 1944. 358# (I don't have the text of this, just a note of what it did, the text almost 359# certainly had the `day after the nth Saturday' form.) 360# 361# (I am missing whatever regulations there were to change things in 1945 362# and the Summer Time Act, 1947.) 363# 364# - The British Standard Time Act, 1968 365# 366# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout 367# the year as an experiment until it expired on 31 October 1971. 368# There was no double summer time so we didn't have to change the clocks at all. 369# It specifically said it applied to Northern Ireland. It also said it 370# applied to Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man unless they passed 371# measures saying it didn't. 372# 373# - The Manx Time Act, 1968 374# 375# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that 376# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain. 377# 378# - The Summer Time Act, 1972 379# 380# This specified a reversion to normal summer time behaviour with a start 381# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter, 382# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day 383# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is 384# 1 hour. 385# 386# It has the same wording about extent as the British Standard Time Act, 1968, 387# applying to Northern Ireland unconditionally and to Jersey, Guernsey and the 388# Isle of Man if they don't do something about it. 389# 390# (I am missing various Summer Time Orders that modified the 1972 Act to 391# harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes 392# to 01:00 GMT.) 393# 394# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutary Instrument] 395# 396# This specifies dates of: 397# Start End 398# 1993 28 March 24 October 399# 1994 27 March 23 October 400# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.... 401# 402# - Some text on the extent of Acts, from Halsbury's Statutes 403# 404# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie 405# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside. 406# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since 407# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland, 408# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.' 409# 410# So, many of these measures specifically include Northern Ireland, 411# the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. None of them exclude any 412# part of the UK. The default interpretation of Acts is that they apply 413# throughout the UK. 414# 415# With that, I rest my case Milud :-) 416# 417# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out 418# the dusty old statutes, and to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence, 419# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining 420# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter). 421 422# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (November 18, 1993) 423# 424# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent 425# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and 426# all the Acts. 427# 428# There are no changes to the dates we already have. 429# 430# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order 431# does say 18 Feb. This is an interesting case as the first Order gave a 432# different date of 7 April 1967 for the Isle of Man but this was changed 433# before it came into effect by another Order for the Isle of Man alone. 434# 435# I don't think I will be able to find any more of the earlier Orders. 436# The annual volumes for 1949--52 do not contain the various Summer Time 437# Orders. They therefore don't appear in the index. They rate a mention in 438# italics in the numerical list at the start but that is all. 439# I think what happens is that the annual volume is produced well after the 440# end of the year in question, by which time the Summer Time Order is spent. 441# They assume that nobody would ever be stupid enough to want to see it 442# again so they leave it out. 443# 444# It might be a good idea to put this table, or the output of tabscript 445# showing all the moves because of Easter, in the europe file comments in 446# place of my old transcription of the Green Paper table [the UK Government 447# paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" (HMSO Cm722 June 1989)]. 448# 449# Peter Ilieve peter@memex.co.uk 450# 451# 452# ## control file for tabscript, a program to generate UK summer time dates 453# ## matching the table in Cm 722, the 1989 Green Paper. 454# ## Lines like this are comments. 455# ## Lines with a single # at the start are copied into the output 456# ## Control lines are of the form 457# ## <years> <start date> <end date> <flags> <double start> <double end> 458# ## <years> is either a single year or a hyphen separated range, with -- 459# ## also accepted as I use this in TeX a lot. 460# ## <start date> and <end date> are a digit followed bu a month name. 461# ## It is either an nth Saturday or an explicit date, depending on <flags>. 462# ## 0 and/or none are used when there is no date, as during 1968--71. 463# ## <flags> can contain `fixed' to indicate explicit dates and `double' 464# ## to indicate double summer time dates are present. 465# ## At present double requires fixed as well. 466# ## <double start> and <double end> are like the start and end dates, with 467# ## the exception of the 0 and/or none feature. 468# 469# ## Blank lines are also ignored. 470# 471# ## Places where I am uncertain, not having personally verified the dates 472# ## against the Act or Order, are marked ??? 473# ## These dates are taken from the Cm 722 table. 474# 475# # Summer Time Act, 1916 476# 1916 21 May 1 October fixed 477# 478# ## I haven't yet looked for Orders for 1916--22 and I doubt I will find them. 479# # unknown Order or Orders ??? 480# 1917 8 apr 17 sep fixed 481# 1918 24 mar 30 sep fixed 482# 1919 30 mar 29 sep fixed 483# # end date extended in 1920 from 27 Sep because of coal strike (from Cm 722) 484# 1920 28 mar 25 oct fixed 485# 1921 3 apr 3 oct fixed 486# 487# # Summer Time Act, 1922 488# # came into force 22 July 1922, too late for 1922, so missing Order ??? 489# 1922 26 mar 8 oct fixed 490# 1923-1924 3 April 3 September 491# 492# # Summer Time Act, 1925 493# 1925--1938 3 April 1 October 494# 495# # Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939 496# 1939 3 April 3 November 497# # 1940 amendment (SR&O 1940 Nos. 172 & 1883) 498# 1940 4 feb 0 none 499# # 1941 amendment (SR&O 1941 No. 476) 500# 1941 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 may 10 aug 501# # 1942 amendment (SR&O 1942 No. 506) 502# 1942 0 none 0 none fixed,double 5 apr 9 aug 503# 1943 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 apr 15 aug 504# # 1944 amendment (SR&O 1944 No. 932) 505# 1944 0 none 0 none fixed,double 2 apr 17 sep 506# # 1945 dates from Hansard, Oral Answers, 1 March 1945 507# 1945 0 none 7 oct fixed,double 2 apr 15 jul 508# 509# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925 510# 1946 3 April 1 October 511# 512# # Summer Time Act, 1947 513# # Fixed dates for 1947 only, gives power to have double summer time 514# 1947 16 mar 2 nov fixed,double 13 apr 10 aug 515# ## I can't find any trace of the Order for 1948. 516# # Unknown Order ??? 517# 1948 14 mar 31 oct fixed 518# ## I know the numbers for the 1949--52 ones but the text is missing from the 519# ## annual volumes. I also don't know if the 49 Order was for 49 or 50, etc. 520# # Summer Time Order, 1949 (SI1949/373) ??? 521# 1949 3 apr 30 oct fixed 522# # Summer Time Order, 1950 (SI1950/518) ??? 523# 1950 16 apr 22 oct fixed 524# # Summer Time Order, 1951 (SI1951/430) ??? 525# 1951 15 apr 21 oct fixed 526# # Summer Time Order, 1952 (SI1952/451) ??? 527# 1952 20 apr 26 oct fixed 528# 529# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925 530# 1953--1960 3 April 1 October 531# 532# ## All Orders from here on specify fixed dates, not day after nth Sunday 533# ## Start pattern looks like Mar lastSun up to 1963, Mar Sun>=19 up to 1967. 534# ## End pattern looks like Oct Sun>=23 up to 1967. 535# # Summer Time Order, 1961 (SI1961/71) 536# 1961 26 March 29 October fixed 537# # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (SI1961/2465) 538# 1962 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed 539# # Summer Time Order, 1963 (SI1963/81) 540# 1963 31 March 27 October fixed 541# # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (SI1963/2101) 542# 1964 22 March 25 October fixed 543# # Summer Time Order, 1964 (SI1964/1201) 544# 1965 21 Mar 24 Oct fixed 545# 1966 20 Mar 23 Oct fixed 546# 1967 19 Mar 29 Oct fixed 547# # Summer Time Order, 1967 (SI1967/1148) 548# # Specifies different start date of 7 April for Isle of Man 549# # Summer Time Order, 1968 (SI1968/117) 550# # Changes Isle of Man start date to 18 Feb to match rest of UK 551# # British Standard Time Act, 1968 552# 1968 18 feb 0 none fixed 553# 1969--1970 0 none 0 none 554# 1971 0 none 31 oct fixed 555# 556# # Summer Time Act, 1972 557# 1972-1980 3 March 4 October 558# 559# # The pattern here looks like Last Sun in Mar, day after 4th Sat in Oct 560# # First EC Directive ??? 561# # Summer Time Order, 1980 (SI1980/1089) 562# 1981 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed 563# 1982 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed 564# # Second EC Directive ??? 565# # Summer Time Order, 1982 (SI1982/1673) 566# 1983 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed 567# 1984 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed 568# 1985 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed 569# # Third EC Directive ??? 570# # Summer Time Order, 1986 (SI1986/223) 571# 1986 30 Mar 26 Oct fixed 572# 1987 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed 573# 1988 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed 574# # Fourth EC Directive ??? 575# # Summer Time Order, 1988 (SI1988/931) 576# 1989 26 Mar 29 Oct fixed 577# # Fifth EC Directive ??? 578# # Summer Time Order, 1989 (SI1989/985) 579# 1990 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed 580# 1991 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed 581# 1992 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed 582# # Sixth EC Directive 583# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729) 584# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed 585# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed 586 587# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (August 18, 1994): 588# I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements 589# (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May.... 590# The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year 591# that the UK and Eire finish on a different date from everyone else, 592# and the common end date from 1996 onwards will be the last Sunday in October. 593# Year Start End End (UK & Eire, 1995 only) 594# (rule) (last Sun) (last Sun) (4th Sun) 595# 1995 26 March 24 September 22 October 596# 1996 31 March 27 October 597# 1997 30 March 26 October 598# 599# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-01): 600# The final piece of the legislative jigsaw for summer time in the UK for 601# 1995-97 is now in place. The Summer Time Order 1994 (SI 1994/2798) 602# came into force on 16 November. It restates the dates from the EC 603# seventh Summer Time Directive.... 604 605# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (March 28, 1994): 606# The UK/Eire end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule of 607# Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat. 608# The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989, 609# when 29 October was used. That year was covered by a UK Summer Time Order 610# for only a single year and it looks as though there was a matching 4th EC 611# directive for just this year. I don't have the text of the 5th EC 612# directive (for 1990--92) but my guess would be it said 4th Sun. 613# To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule 614# of Oct Sun>=22 in 1990. 615 616# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): 617# 618# As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A 619# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error; 620# 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date. 621# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules 622# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925. 623# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition; 624# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other 625# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now. 626# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. 627# 628# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: 629# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight savings time until 630# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 631# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 632# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 633# It actually just had one transition. 634# * Northern Ireland used single daylight savings time throughout WW II. 635# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 636# 637# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful; 638# we'll ignore it for now. 639# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 640# to daylight savings time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 641# conform with Great Britain. 642# 643# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. 644 645# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 646Rule GB-Eire 1847 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 GMT 647# 1916 to 1925--irregular 648Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 649Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 650Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 651Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 652Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 653Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 654Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 655Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 656Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 657Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 658Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 659Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 660Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 661Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 662Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 663Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 664Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST 665# 1925 to 1939 start--regular, except for avoiding Easter 666Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 667Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 668Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST 669Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 670Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST 671Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 672Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 BST 673Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 674Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 675Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 676Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST 677Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 678# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time 679Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT 680Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST 681Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST 682Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 683Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST 684Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 685# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above. 686Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST 687Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST 688Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT 689Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 690Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT 691Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 692Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 DST 693Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 694Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 695# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular. 696Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 697Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT 698Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 699# 1950 through start of 1953, regular. 700Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 701Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 702# 1954 to 1980, starting rules 703Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 BST 704Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 705Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 706Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 707Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST 708Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 709Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 710Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 711# 1953 to 1980, ending rules 712Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 GMT 713Rule GB-Eire 1961 1967 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 714Rule GB-Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 3:00 0 GMT 715Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 716# 1981 on 717Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 718Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 719Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 720# See EC for rules starting in 1996. 721 722# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 723Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22 724 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00 725 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00 726 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 727 0:00 EC GMT/BST 728Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 729 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT 730 -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 731 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00 732 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00 733 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 734 0:00 EC GMT/BST 735Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 736 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT 737 -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 738 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Feb 25 2:00 739 0:00 1:00 BST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 740 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 741 0:00 1:00 BST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 742 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 743 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00 744 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00 745 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 746 0:00 EC GMT/BST 747 748# ZONE-DESCR Europe London United_Kingdom All points except N. Ireland 749# ZONE-DESCR Europe Belfast United_Kingdom Northern Ireland 750# ZONE-DESCR Europe Dublin Eire All points 751 752############################################################################### 753 754# Continental Europe 755 756# EC rules are for the European Community. 757 758# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 759Rule EC 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 760Rule EC 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 " DST" 761Rule EC 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 762Rule EC 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 763Rule EC 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 764Rule EC 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 " DST" 765Rule EC 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 766 767# W-Eur differs from EC only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 768Rule W-Eur 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 769Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 " DST" 770Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 771Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 772Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 773Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" 774Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 775 776# Older M-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 777# From 1977 on, M-Eur differs from EC only in that M-Eur uses standard time. 778Rule M-Eur 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 779Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST" 780Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 781Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 782Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 783Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 784# Shanks says DST was continuous from 1940 Apr 1 to 1942 Nov 2; go with Whitman. 785Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Dec 31 2:00s 0 - 786Rule M-Eur 1941 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 787Rule M-Eur 1941 only - Oct 5 2:00s 0 - 788Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 789Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 790Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 791Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 792Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 793# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 794Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 795Rule M-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 796Rule M-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 797Rule M-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 798Rule M-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 799Rule M-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 800Rule M-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 801 802# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 803Rule Russia 1880 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 804Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" 805Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 - 806Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 " DDST" 807Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 " DST" 808Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 " DDST" 809Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 D 810Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 K 811Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 D 812# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition. 813# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993): 814# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21. 815Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DD 816Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 817Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K 818Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 819Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K 820Rule Russia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K 821Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 822 823# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 824 825# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 826Zone WET 0:00 EC WET%s 827Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 828Zone EET 2:00 EC EET%s 829 830# Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time 831 832Link MET CET 833 834# Albania 835# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 836Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 " DST" 837Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 838Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 " DST" 839Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 840Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" 841Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 842Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 843Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 844Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" 845Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 846Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 " DST" 847Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 848Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 " DST" 849Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 850Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 " DST" 851Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 852Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" 853Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 854Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" 855Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 856Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" 857Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 858Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST" 859Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 860Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 861Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 862# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 863Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 864 1:00 - MET 1940 Jun 16 865 1:00 Albania MET%s 1985 Mar 31 1:00 866 1:00 W-Eur MET%s 867# This may change to `EC' soon. 868 869# ZONE-DESCR Europe Tirane Albania All points 870 871# Andorra 872# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 873Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 874 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 875 1:00 - MET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 876 1:00 EC MET%s 877 878# ZONE-DESCR Europe Andorra Andorra All points 879 880# Austria 881# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 882Rule Austria 1918 only - Jun 16 3:00 0 - 883Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 884Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 885Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 886Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 887Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 888Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 889Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 890Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 891# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 892Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr 893 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Jun 16 3:00 894 1:00 Austria MET%s 1940 Apr 1 2:00 895 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 896 1:00 Austria MET%s 1981 897 1:00 EC MET%s 898 899# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vienna Austria All points 900 901# Belarus 902# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 903Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 904 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 905 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct 906 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 907 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 908# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994): A guess at recent dates: 909 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 910 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 911 3:00 Russia MS%s 912 913# ZONE-DESCR Europe Minsk Belarus All points 914 915# Belgium 916# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually. 917# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 918# From Whitman: 919Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 920Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 921# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman. 922Rule Belgium 1920 1921 - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 923Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 924Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 925Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 926# Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks. 927Rule Belgium 1922 1928 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 928Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 929Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 930Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 931Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 932Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 933Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 934Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 935Rule Belgium 1929 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 936Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 937Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 938Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 939Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 940Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 941Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 942Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 943# Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks. 944Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 945# Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks. 946Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 947Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 948Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 949Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 950Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 951Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 952Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 953# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 954Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:20 - LMT 1880 955 0:17 - BST 1892 May 1 12:00 956 0:00 - WET 1914 Aug 4 957 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Mar 1 23:00 958 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 Feb 24 23:00 959 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 960 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1977 961 1:00 EC MET%s 962 963# ZONE-DESCR Europe Brussels Belgium All points 964 965# Bosnia and Herzegovina 966# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. 967# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 968Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 969 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 970 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s 971 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 972 1:00 - MET 1983 973 1:00 EC MET%s 974 975# ZONE-DESCR Europe Sarajevo Bosnia_and_Herzegovina All points 976 977# Bulgaria 978# Part switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1915 Nov 14; 979# the rest switched on 1920 Sep 17. 980# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 981Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 " DST" 982Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 983Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 " DST" 984Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 985Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 986# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 987Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 988 1:57 - TST 1894 Nov 30 989 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 990 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 3:00 991 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 992 2:00 Bulg EET%s 1982 Sep 26 2:00 993 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 994# This may change to `EC' soon. 995 996# ZONE-DESCR Europe Sofia Bulgaria All points 997 998# Croatia 999# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. 1000# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1001Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884 1002 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1003 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s 1004 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1005 1:00 - MET 1983 1006 1:00 EC MET%s 1007 1008# ZONE-DESCR Europe Zagreb Croatia All points 1009 1010# Czech Republic 1011# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1012Rule Czech 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 1013Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1014Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1015Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1016Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1017Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1018Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1019Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1020# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1021Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 1022 0:58 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 1023 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 1024 1:00 Czech MET%s 1979 1025 1:00 EC MET%s 1026 1027# ZONE-DESCR Europe Prague Czech_Republic All points 1028 1029# Denmark 1030# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1031Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1032Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 1033Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1034Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1035Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 1036Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1037Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 1038Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1039Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 1040Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1041Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 1042# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways 1043# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks. 1044# 1045# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman. 1046# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1047Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 1048 0:50 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time 1049 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1050 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1051 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1980 1052 1:00 EC MET%s 1053Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 1054 0:00 - WET 1981 1055 0:00 EC WET%s 1056Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1057 -2:00 - MGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1058 -2:00 M-Eur MGT%s 1981 Mar 29 1059 -1:00 M-Eur EGT%s 1060Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1061 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1062 -3:00 M-Eur WGT%s 1063Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1064 -4:00 - AST 1065 1066# ZONE-DESCR Europe Copenhagen Denmark All points except: 1067# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Faeroe Denmark Faeroe Islands 1068 1069# ZONE-DESCR America Scoresbysund Denmark Eastern Greenland 1070# ZONE-DESCR America Godthab Denmark Western Greenland 1071# ZONE-DESCR America Thule Denmark Far Western Greenland (Thule) 1072 1073# Estonia 1074# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15. 1075# 1076# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15): 1077# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1078# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1079# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1080# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1081Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1082 1:39 - LST 1918 Feb 1083 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Jul 1084 1:39 - LST 1921 May 1085 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1086 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1087 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 22 1088 3:00 Russia MS%s 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1089 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1090 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1091# This may change to `EC' soon. 1092 1093# ZONE-DESCR Europe Tallinn Estonia All points 1094 1095# Finland 1096# 1097# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): 1098# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1099# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1100# 1101# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994): 1102# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981. 1103# Go with Strang instead. 1104# 1105# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1106Rule Finland 1921 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 1107Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1108Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1109# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1110Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 1111 1:40 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1112 2:00 Finland EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00 1113 2:00 EC EET%s 1114 1115# ZONE-DESCR Europe Helsinki Finland All points 1116 1117# France 1118# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. 1119# From Shanks (1991): 1120# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1121Rule France 1911 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 1122Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1123Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 1124Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1125Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1126Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1127Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1128Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1129Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1130Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1131Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1132Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1133Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1134Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1135Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1136Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1137Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1138Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1139Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1140Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1141Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1142Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1143Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1144Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1145Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1146Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1147Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1148Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1149Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1150Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1151Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 " DST" 1152# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, 1153# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco). 1154Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 " DDST" 1155Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 " DST" 1156Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 " DDST" 1157Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 " DST" 1158Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 " DDST" 1159Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 " DST" 1160Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 " DDST" 1161Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 " DST" 1162Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 " DDST" 1163Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1164# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com) (November 18, 1993): 1165# Shanks gives no times for 1975, but according to Cm722, 1166# France introduced summer time in 1975 from 20 March to 22 September. 1167Rule France 1975 only - Mar 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1168Rule France 1975 only - Sep 22 2:00s 0 - 1169Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1170Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1171# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05. 1172# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1173Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:05 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1174 0:09:05 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1175 0:00 France WET%s 1940 Jun 14 1176 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 25 1177 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1178 1:00 France MET%s 1977 1179 1:00 EC MET%s 1180 1181# ZONE-DESCR Europe Paris France All points 1182 1183# Germany 1184# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1185Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1186Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 " DDST" 1187Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 " DST" 1188Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1189Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1190# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks. 1191Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1192Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1193Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 " DDST" 1194Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 " DST" 1195Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1196Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1197# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1198Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1199 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1200 1:00 Germany MET%s 1980 1201 1:00 EC MET%s 1202 1203# ZONE-DESCR Europe Berlin Germany All points 1204 1205# Gibraltar 1206# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1207Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 1208 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1209 1:00 - MET 1982 1210 1:00 EC MET%s 1211 1212# ZONE-DESCR Europe Gibraltar United_Kingdom Gibraltar 1213 1214# Greece 1215# They adopted the Julian calendar in 1846. 1216# Part switched to the Gregorian calendar on 1916 Jul 28. 1217# The rest switched on 1920 Mar 18. 1218# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1219Rule Greece 1916 only - July 28 0:01 0 - 1220# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks. 1221Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1222Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1223# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks. 1224Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1225# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks. 1226Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1227Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1228Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1229# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks. 1230Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1231Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1232Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1233Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1234Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1235Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1236Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1237Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1238Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1239Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 " DST" 1240Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1241Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1242Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1243# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1244Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1245 1:35 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1246 2:00 Greece EET%s 1941 Apr 30 1247 1:00 Greece MET%s 1944 Apr 4 1248 2:00 Greece EET%s 1981 1249 # Shanks says they switched to M-Eur in 1981; 1250 # go with EC intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1251 2:00 EC EET%s 1252 1253# ZONE-DESCR Europe Athens Greece All points 1254 1255# Hungary 1256# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1257Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 - 1258Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 " DST" 1259Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 1260Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 " DST" 1261Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1262Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1263Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 1264Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1265Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1266Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1267Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1268Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1269Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1270Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1271Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1272Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1273Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 " DST" 1274Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1275Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 " DST" 1276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1277Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1278 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Jul 1279 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1280 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 1 23:00 1281 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1282 1:00 EC MET%s 1283 1284# ZONE-DESCR Europe Budapest Hungary All points 1285 1286# Iceland 1287# 1288# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (November 6, 1993): 1289# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1290# 1291# (December 5, 1993): 1292# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1293# Iceland Almanak. 1294# 1295# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1296# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1297# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1298# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1299# 1300# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1301# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1302# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1303# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1304# 1305# (December 10, 1993): 1306# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1307# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1308# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1309# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1310# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1311# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1312# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1313# might mean something else (???). The Gregorian calendar was not introduced 1314# in Iceland until 1700. 1315# 1316# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (December 9, 1993): 1317# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. 1318# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that 1319# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 1320# 1321# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1322Rule Iceland 1908 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 1323Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 D 1324Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 S 1325Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 S 1326Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 D 1327Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 S 1328Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 D 1329Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 S 1330Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 D 1331Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 S 1332Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 D 1333Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 S 1334# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1335Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D 1336Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S 1337# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1338Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D 1339# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 1340Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 S 1341Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S 1342Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 S 1343# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1344Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 1345 -1:28 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time 1346 -1:00 Iceland I%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1347 0:00 - GMT 1348 1349# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Reykjavik Iceland All points 1350 1351# Italy 1352# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1353Rule Italy 1893 only - Nov 1 0:00s 0 S 1354# Shanks gives transition times of 1916-1920 as 24:00; go with Whitman. 1355Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1356Rule Italy 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1357Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1358Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1359Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1360Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1361Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1362Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1363# Shanks gives 1920 Sep 18; go with Whitman. 1364Rule Italy 1920 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1365Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1366Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 " DST" 1367Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 - 1368Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1369Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1370Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1371Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1372Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1373Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1374Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1375Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1376Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1377Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1378Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1379Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1380Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1381Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1382Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1383Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1384Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1385Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1386Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1387Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1388Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1389Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1390Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1391# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1392Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1393 0:50 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time 1394 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1395 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1396 1:00 Italy MET%s 1980 1397 1:00 EC MET%s 1398 1399Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1400Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1401 1402# ZONE-DESCR Europe Rome Italy All points 1403# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vatican Holy_See All points 1404# ZONE-DESCR Europe San_Marino San_Marino All points 1405 1406# Latvia 1407# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15. 1408# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1409Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1410 1:36 - LST 1918 Apr 15 2:00 1411 1:36 M-Eur LST%s 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1412 1:36 1:00 "LST DST" 1919 May 22 3:00 1413 1:36 - LST 1926 May 11 1414 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1415 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1416 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 8 1417 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1418 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1419 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1420# This may change to `EC' soon. 1421 1422# ZONE-DESCR Europe Riga Latvia All points 1423 1424# Liechtenstein 1425# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1426Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1427 1:00 - MET 1981 1428 1:00 EC MET%s 1429 1430# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vaduz Liechtenstein All points 1431 1432# Lithuania 1433# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15. 1434# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1435Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1436 1:24 - LST 1917 # Kaunas 1437 1:36 - LST 1919 Oct 10 1438 1:00 - MET 1920 Jul 12 1439 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1440 1:00 - MET 1940 Aug 3 1441 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1442 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 1443 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1444 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1445 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1446# This may change to `EC' soon. 1447 1448# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vilnius Lithuania All points 1449 1450# Luxembourg 1451# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. 1452# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1453Rule Lux 1904 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 - 1454Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1455Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1456Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1457Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1458Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1459Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1460Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1461Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1462Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1463Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1464Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1465Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1466Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1467Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1468Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1469Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1470Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1471Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1472Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1473Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1474Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1475Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1476Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1477# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1478Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1479 1:00 Lux MET%s 1918 Nov 25 1480 0:00 Lux WET%s 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1481 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 May 14 3:00 1482 1:00 M-Eur WET%s 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1483 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1979 1484 1:00 EC MET%s 1485 1486# ZONE-DESCR Europe Luxembourg Luxembourg All points 1487 1488# Macedonia 1489# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. 1490# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1491Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884 1492 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1493 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s 1494 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1495 1:00 - MET 1983 1496 1:00 EC MET%s 1497 1498# ZONE-DESCR Europe Skopje Fmr_Yugoslav_Rep_Of_Macedonia All points 1499 1500# Malta 1501# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1502Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1503Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1504Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1505Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1506Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 " DST" 1507Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1508Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST" 1509# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1510Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta 1511 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1512 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1513 1:00 Italy MET%s 1973 Mar 31 1514 1:00 Malta MET%s 1981 1515 1:00 EC MET%s 1516 1517# ZONE-DESCR Europe Malta Malta All points 1518 1519# Moldova 1520# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1919 Mar 18. 1521# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1522Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 1523 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1524 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1525 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1526 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1527# This may change to `EC' soon. 1528 1529# ZONE-DESCR Europe Chisinau Moldova All points 1530 1531# Monaco 1532# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05. 1533# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1534Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1535 0:09:05 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1536 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1537 1:00 France MET%s 1977 1538 1:00 EC MET%s 1539 1540# ZONE-DESCR Europe Monaco Monaco All points 1541 1542# Netherlands 1543# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1544Rule Neth 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 AMT 1545# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman. 1546Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1547Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT 1548Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1549Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1550# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks. 1551Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1552Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT 1553Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST 1554# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 1555Rule Neth 1922 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1556Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1557Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST 1558# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks. 1559Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST 1560# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks. 1561Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1562Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1563Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1564Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1565# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks. 1566Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1567Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1568Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 - 1569# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure. 1570# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1571Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May 1572 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1573 0:20 Neth %s 1940 May 16 0:40 1574 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1575 1:00 Neth MET%s 1977 1576 1:00 EC MET%s 1577 1578# ZONE-DESCR Europe Amsterdam Netherlands All points 1579 1580# Norway 1581# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1582Rule Norway 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 1583# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. 1584Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 " DST" 1585Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1586# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman. 1587Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1588# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4, 1589# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940. 1590Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1591Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1592Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1593Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1594Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1595# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1596Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 1597 1:00 Norway MET%s 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1598 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1599 1:00 Norway MET%s 1980 1600 1:00 EC MET%s 1601# Svalbard is like Europe/Oslo. 1602# 1603# From Whitman: 1604# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1605Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT 1606 1607# ZONE-DESCR Europe Oslo Norway All points except: 1608# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Jan_Mayen Norway Jan Mayen Island 1609 1610# Poland 1611# Austrian and German Poland switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar 1612# on 1582 Oct 15. Russian Poland switched on 1918 Jan 14. 1613# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1614Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1615Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1616# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. 1617Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1618# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. 1619Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1620Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1621Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1622Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 - 1623Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1624Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 1625Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1626# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 1627Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 " DST" 1628Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1629Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 " DST" 1630Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 " DST" 1631Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 1632Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 " DST" 1633Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 " DST" 1634Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1635# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1636Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1637 1:24 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1638 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1639 2:00 Poland EET%s 1922 Jun 1640 1:00 Poland MET%s 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1641 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Oct 1642 1:00 Poland MET%s 1977 Apr 3 1:00 1643 1:00 W-Eur MET%s 1644# This may change to `EC' soon. 1645 1646# ZONE-DESCR Europe Warsaw Poland All points 1647 1648# Portugal 1649# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1650Rule Port 1911 only - May 24 0:00 0 - 1651Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1652# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. 1653Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 1654Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1655Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1656Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1657Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1658Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1659Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1660Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1661Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1662Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1663Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1664Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1665Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1666Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1667Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1668# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks. 1669Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1670Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1671# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman. 1672Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1673# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks. 1674Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1675# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 1676Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1677Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1678# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks. 1679Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1680Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1681Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1682# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 1683Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1684Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1685# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 1686Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 1687Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1688Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1689Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" 1690Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 " DST" 1691Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 1692Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" 1693Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 " DST" 1694Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" 1695Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1696Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1697Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1698Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1699# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 1700# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks. 1701Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1702Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1703Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1704Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 1705Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1706Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1707Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1708Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1709Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" 1710Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1711# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1712Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 1713 -0:37 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time 1714 0:00 Port WET%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1715 1:00 - MET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 1716 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1717 0:00 EC WET%s 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1718# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (November 12, 1992): 1719# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1720# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 1721 1:00 EC MET%s 1722# We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores, 1723# so we'll just use Shanks for now. 1724# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1725Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 1726 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 1727 -2:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1728 -1:00 - ACT 1977 Mar 27 1729 -1:00 - ACT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1730 -1:00 W-Eur ACT%s 1731Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 1732 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 1733 -1:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1734 0:00 - WET 1977 Mar 27 1735 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1736 0:00 EC WET%s 1737 1738# ZONE-DESCR Europe Lisbon Portugal All points except: 1739# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Azores Portugal Azores 1740# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Madeira Portugal Madeira 1741 1742# Slovakia 1743Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 1744 1745# ZONE-DESCR Europe Bratislava Slovakia All points 1746 1747# Romania 1748# Catholic Romania switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1749# on 1919 Mar 18. Greek Orthodox Romania switched on 1920 Mar 18. 1750# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1751Rule Romania 1931 only - Jul 24 0:00 0 - 1752Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1753Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1754Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1755Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1756Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1757Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1758Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1759# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1760Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 1761 1:44 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1762 2:00 Romania EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 1763 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1764# This may change to `EC' soon. 1765 1766# ZONE-DESCR Europe Bucharest Romania All points 1767 1768# Russia 1769# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994): 1770# Moscow and Novosibirsk time zone names, and Moscow rules after 1991, 1771# are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>. 1772# I invented the other time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified) 1773# guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little. 1774# The rest is from Shanks. 1775# 1776# From Shanks (1991): 1777# Western Russia switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar 1778# on 1918 Jan 14. Eastern Russia switched on 1920 Mar 18. 1779# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted 1780# a 6 day week; on 1940 Jun 27 it returned to the Gregorian week. 1781# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1782Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 1783 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 1784 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct 1785 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1786 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1787 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1788 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1789 3:00 Russia MS%s 1790# ZONE-DESCR Europe Moscow Russia Moscow zone 1791Zone Europe/Kuybyshev 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 1792 3:00 - KSK 1957 Mar 1793 4:00 Russia KS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1794 3:00 1:00 KSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1795 3:00 - KSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1796 4:00 Russia KS%s 1797# ZONE-DESCR Europe Kuybyshev Russia Kuybyshev zone 1798Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2 1799 4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar 1800 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1801 4:00 1:00 SSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1802 4:00 - SSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1803 5:00 Russia ES%s # name change from Sverdlovsk 1804# ZONE-DESCR Asia Yekaterinburg Russia Yekaterinburg zone 1805Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 1806 5:00 - OSK 1957 Mar 1807 6:00 Russia OS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1808 5:00 1:00 OSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1809 5:00 - OSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1810 6:00 Russia OS%s 1811# ZONE-DESCR Asia Omsk Russia Omsk zone 1812# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (June 29, 1994): 1813# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 1814# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 1815# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 1816# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 1817# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow. 1818Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1819 6:00 - NSK 1957 Mar 1820 7:00 Russia NS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1821 6:00 1:00 NSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1822 6:00 - NSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1823 7:00 Russia NS%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s 1824 6:00 1:00 NSD 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 1825 6:00 Russia NS%s 1826# ZONE-DESCR Asia Novosibirsk Russia Novosibirsk zone 1827Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1828 6:00 - TSK 1957 Mar 1829 7:00 Russia TS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1830 6:00 1:00 TSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1831 6:00 - TSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1832 7:00 Russia TS%s 1833# ZONE-DESCR Asia Tomsk Russia Tomsk zone 1834Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 1835 6:57 - LST 1924 May 2 1836 7:00 - ISK 1957 Mar 1837 8:00 Russia IS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1838 7:00 1:00 ISD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1839 7:00 - ISK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1840 8:00 Russia IS%s 1841# ZONE-DESCR Asia Irkutsk Russia Irkutsk zone 1842Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1843 8:00 - YSK 1957 Mar 1844 9:00 Russia YS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1845 8:00 1:00 YSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1846 8:00 - YSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1847 9:00 Russia YS%s 1848# ZONE-DESCR Asia Yakutsk Russia Yakutsk zone 1849Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880 1850 8:48 - LST 1924 May 2 1851 9:00 - VSK 1957 Mar 1852 10:00 Russia VS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1853 9:00 1:00 VSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1854 9:00 - VSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1855 10:00 Russia VS%s 1856# ZONE-DESCR Asia Vladivostok Russia Vladivostok zone 1857# MSK is taken; settle for GSK. 1858Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1859 10:00 - GSK 1957 Mar 1860 11:00 Russia GS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1861 10:00 1:00 GSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1862 10:00 - GSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1863 11:00 Russia GS%s 1864# ZONE-DESCR Asia Magadan Russia Magadan zone 1865# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 1866Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 1867 11:00 - PSK 1957 Mar 1868 12:00 Russia PS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1869 11:00 1:00 PSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1870 11:00 - PSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1871 12:00 Russia PS%s 1872# ZONE-DESCR Asia Kamchatka Russia Kamchatka zone 1873Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 1874 12:00 - ASK 1957 Mar 1875 13:00 Russia AS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1876 12:00 1:00 ASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1877 12:00 - ASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1878 13:00 Russia AS%s 1879 1880# ZONE-DESCR Asia Anadyr Russia Anadyr zone 1881 1882# Yugoslavia (what's left of it -- mostly Serbia) 1883# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. 1884# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1885Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 1886 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1887 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s 1888 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1889 1:00 - MET 1983 1890 1:00 EC MET%s 1891 1892# ZONE-DESCR Europe Belgrade Serbia All points 1893 1894# Slovenia 1895# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. 1896# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1897Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884 1898 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1899 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s 1900 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1901 1:00 - MET 1983 1902 1:00 EC MET%s 1903 1904# ZONE-DESCR Europe Ljubljana Slovenia All points 1905 1906# Spain 1907# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1908Rule Spain 1901 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 1909# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. 1910Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1911Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 1912Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1913Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1914# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. 1915Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1916# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks. 1917Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 1918Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1919# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks. 1920Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1921Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1922Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1923Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1924# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks. 1925Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1926Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1927Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1928Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1929Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1930# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks. 1931Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" 1932Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 " DST" 1933Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" 1934Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 " DST" 1935Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 " DST" 1936Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 " DST" 1937Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1938Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 1939Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1940Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 1941Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1942Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1943Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1944Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1945# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1946Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 1947 0:00 Spain WET%s 1946 Sep 30 1948 1:00 Spain MET%s 1979 1949 1:00 EC MET%s 1950Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 1951 -1:00 - ACT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 1952 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 1953 0:00 1:00 "WET DST" 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 1954 0:00 EC WET%s 1955 1956# ZONE-DESCR Europe Madrid Spain All points except: 1957# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Canary Spain Canary Islands 1958 1959# Sweden 1960# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1961Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 1962 1:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT 1963 1:00 - MET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s 1964 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1916 Sep 30 23:00s 1965 1:00 - MET 1980 1966 1:00 EC MET%s 1967 1968# ZONE-DESCR Europe Stockholm Sweden All points 1969 1970# Switzerland 1971# From Howse (1988), p 82: 1972# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 1973# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 1974# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 1975# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1976Rule Swiss 1894 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 - 1977# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): 1978Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1979Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 1980# From Shanks (1991): 1981Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST" 1982Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 1983# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1984Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 1985 0:30 - SST 1894 Jun # Swiss Standard Time 1986 1:00 Swiss MET%s 1981 1987 1:00 EC MET%s 1988 1989# ZONE-DESCR Europe Zurich Switzerland All points 1990 1991# Turkey 1992# European Turkey switched to the Gregorian calendar in 1908. 1993# Asian Turkey switched in 1914. 1994# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1995Rule Turkey 1910 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1996Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1997Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1998Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1999Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2000Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2001Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2002Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2003Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2004# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. 2005Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2006Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2007Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2008# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman. 2009Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2010Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 2011Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2012Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2013Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2014# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 2015Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2016Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2017Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2018Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2019Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2020Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2021Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2022Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2023Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2024Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2025Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2026Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2027Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2028Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2029Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2030Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2031Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2032Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 " DST" 2033Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 2034Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST" 2035Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 2036Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2037Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2038Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2039Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2040Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2041Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 " DST" 2042Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 2043Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 " DST" 2044Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2045Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 2046Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2047Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2048# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2049Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 2050 1:57 - OMT 1910 Oct # Ottoman Mean Time 2051 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1978 Oct 15 2052 3:00 Turkey TUR%s 1985 Apr 20 2053 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1986 2054 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 2055# This may change to `EC' soon. 2056Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 2057 2058# ZONE-DESCR Europe Istanbul Turkey All points 2059 2060# Ukraine 2061# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2062Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 " DST" 2063Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 2064Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" 2065Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 " DDST" 2066Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2067Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2068# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2069Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2070 2:02 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2071 2:02 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2 2072 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2073 3:00 Russia MS%s 1990 Jul 17 2074 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 2075# This may change to `EC' soon. 2076Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2077 2:08 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2078 2:08 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2 2079 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2080 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2081 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2082# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994): 2083# Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched 2084# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections. 2085# For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27. 2086 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s 2087 3:00 Russia MS%s 2088 2089# ZONE-DESCR Europe Kiev Ukraine All points except: 2090# ZONE-DESCR Europe Simferopol Ukraine Crimea 2091 2092############################################################################### 2093 2094# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 2095# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 2096# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 2097# 2098# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 2099# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 2100# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 2101# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 2102# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 2103# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 2104 2105# ... 2106# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 2107# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann) 2108# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp> 2109# ... 2110# 2111# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 2112# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 2113# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 2114# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 2115# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 2116# years... 2117# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 2118# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 2119# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 2120# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 2121# 2122# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 2123# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 2124# 2125# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 2126# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 2127# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho 2128 2129# ... 2130# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 2131# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter) 2132# ... 2133# 2134# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 2135# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 2136# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 2137# 2138# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 2139# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 2140# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 2141# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 2142# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 2143# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 2144# dates... 2145# 2146# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 2147# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 2148# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 2149# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 2150# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 2151# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 2152# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 2153# in advance of normal time. 2154# 2155# ... 2156# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 2157# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl 2158# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax 2159 2160# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): 2161# ... 2162# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 2163# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 2164# ... 2165# Monaco: has same DST as France. 2166# ... 2167 2168# ... 2169# Date: Fri, 3 Sep 93 13:43:41 BST 2170# From: Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> 2171# ... 2172# Turning to Europe, I now have a copy of the `Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC 2173# of 26 March 1992 on summertime arrangements'. This only covers 1993 and 2174# 1994, a seventh one is in the works but I doubt that the algorithm will 2175# change. This says summertime starts at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in March 2176# and ends at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in September, except for the UK 2177# and Eire where it ends at 01:00 GMT on the fourth Sunday in October. 2178# It says the arrangements for 1995 onwards will be decided by 1 January 1994, 2179# but as the sixth directive was supposed to appear by 1 Jan 92 and didn't 2180# arrive til March I wouldn't hold your breath. 2181# 2182# The first summertime directive was adopted in 1980, although the UK didn't 2183# seem to use it until 1981. I suspect it would be safe to move your start 2184# dates for the -Eur rules back to 1981. 2185