europe revision 64499
141016Sdfr# @(#)europe 7.73 241016Sdfr 341016Sdfr# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/europe 64499 2000-08-10 19:36:46Z wollman $ 441016Sdfr 541016Sdfr# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 641016Sdfr# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 741016Sdfr# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 841016Sdfr 941016Sdfr# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 1041016Sdfr# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 1141016Sdfr# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 1241016Sdfr# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 1341016Sdfr# 1441016Sdfr# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source 1541016Sdfr# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 1641016Sdfr# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1741016Sdfr# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 1841016Sdfr# of the IATA's data after 1990. 1941016Sdfr# 2041016Sdfr# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991, 2141016Sdfr# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 2241016Sdfr# 2341016Sdfr# Other sources occasionally used include: 2441016Sdfr# 2541016Sdfr# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 2641016Sdfr# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 2741016Sdfr# which I found in the UCLA library. 2841016Sdfr# 2941016Sdfr# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 3041016Sdfr# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 3141016Sdfr# History of Summer Time 3241016Sdfr# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 3341016Sdfr 3441016Sdfr# 3541016Sdfr# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 3641016Sdfr# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 3741016Sdfr# Corrections are welcome! 3841016Sdfr# std dst 3941016Sdfr# LMT Local Mean Time 4041016Sdfr# -4:00 AST Atlantic 4141016Sdfr# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 4241016Sdfr# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 4341016Sdfr# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer 4441016Sdfr# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 4541016Sdfr# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe 4641016Sdfr# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe 4741016Sdfr# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 4841016Sdfr# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 4941016Sdfr# 5041016Sdfr# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 5141016Sdfr# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 5241016Sdfr 5341016Sdfr# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), 5441016Sdfr# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 5541016Sdfr# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 5641016Sdfr# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 5741016Sdfr# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 5841016Sdfr# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 5941016Sdfr# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 6041016Sdfr# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 61116181Sobrien# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 62116181Sobrien# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 63116181Sobrien# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 6441016Sdfr# ... 6541016Sdfr# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 6641016Sdfr# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 6741016Sdfr# ... 6841016Sdfr# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 6941016Sdfr# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 7041016Sdfr# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 7141016Sdfr# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 7241016Sdfr# in the Directive. 7341016Sdfr 7445720Speter 7541181Sdfr############################################################################### 7670834Swollman 77123442Salfred# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 7884880Syokota 7941016Sdfr# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): 8041016Sdfr# 81114216Skan# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 8266860Sphk# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 8341181Sdfr# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 8441016Sdfr# of the text said: 8541016Sdfr# 8643105Sdfr# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 8741016Sdfr# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 8841016Sdfr# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 8941016Sdfr# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 9041016Sdfr# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 9141016Sdfr# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 9241016Sdfr# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 9341016Sdfr# 9441016Sdfr# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 9541016Sdfr# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 9641016Sdfr# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 9741016Sdfr# 9884880Syokota# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 9984880Syokota 10084880Syokota# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): 10184880Syokota# 10284880Syokota# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 10384880Syokota# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 10484880Syokota# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 10584880Syokota# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 10641016Sdfr# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 10741016Sdfr# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 10883492Syokota# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 10983931Syokota# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 11083492Syokota# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 11141016Sdfr# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 11241016Sdfr# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 11341016Sdfr# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 11441016Sdfr# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 11541016Sdfr# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 11641016Sdfr# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 11741016Sdfr# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 11841016Sdfr# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 11941016Sdfr# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 12041016Sdfr# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 12141016Sdfr# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 12248778Syokota# 12348778Syokota# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 12448778Syokota# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 12548778Syokota# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 12648778Syokota 12748778Syokota# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30): 12841016Sdfr# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 12941016Sdfr# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 13041016Sdfr# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 13141016Sdfr# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 13241016Sdfr# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 13341016Sdfr# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 13441016Sdfr# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 13541016Sdfr# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 13641016Sdfr# See: 13741016Sdfr# <a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/2000/05/18/x-timcrtcrt01011.html"> 13841016Sdfr# Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18) 13941016Sdfr# </a> 14041016Sdfr 141123442Salfred# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 142123442Salfred# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' 143123442Salfred# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 144123442Salfred# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 145123442Salfred# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 146123442Salfred 147123442Salfred# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 148123442Salfred# 149123442Salfred# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 150123442Salfred# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 15141016Sdfr 15241016Sdfr# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 15384880Syokota# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john> 15441016Sdfr# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 15541016Sdfr# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 15641016Sdfr# politics making a fortune, not computing. 15741016Sdfr 15841016Sdfr# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14): 15958230Syokota# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 16058230Syokota# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 16141016Sdfr# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 16241016Sdfr# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 16341016Sdfr 16441016Sdfr# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 16541016Sdfr# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 166123442Salfred# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 167123442Salfred# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 168123442Salfred 16941016Sdfr# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo. 17049965Syokota 17149965Syokota# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length 172123442Salfred# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 17384880Syokota# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating 174123442Salfred# and extending this list, which can be found in 175123442Salfred# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> 17658230Syokota# History of legal time in Britain 17758230Syokota# </a> (2000-02-12). 178123442Salfred 17958230Syokota# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06): 18058230Syokota# 181123442Salfred# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 182123442Salfred# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 18341016Sdfr# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 184114293Smarkm# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 18541016Sdfr# </a>. 18641016Sdfr 18741016Sdfr# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17): 18841016Sdfr# 18941016Sdfr# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. 19041016Sdfr# 191123442Salfred# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: 19241016Sdfr# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 19341016Sdfr# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 19441016Sdfr# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 19541016Sdfr# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 19641016Sdfr# It actually just had one transition. 19745789Speter# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 19845789Speter# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 19945789Speter# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 20045789Speter# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 20158230Syokota# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 20258230Syokota# 20369439Syokota# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks: 20441016Sdfr# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 20541016Sdfr# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 20641016Sdfr# conform with Great Britain. 20745789Speter# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 20869439Syokota# 20945789Speter# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful; 21045789Speter# we'll ignore it for now. 21145789Speter# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 21258230Syokota# 21358230Syokota# 21458230Syokota# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. 21541016Sdfr 21641016Sdfr# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 21749965Syokota# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 21841016Sdfr# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 21941016Sdfr# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 22041016Sdfr# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 22141016Sdfr# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 22241016Sdfr# and Frethun run in CT. 22341016Sdfr# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 22441016Sdfr# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 22541016Sdfr# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 22641016Sdfr# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 22741016Sdfr# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 22841016Sdfr# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 22941016Sdfr 23041016Sdfr# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 23141016Sdfr# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 23241016Sdfr# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 23341016Sdfr# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 23441016Sdfr# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 23541016Sdfr# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 23641016Sdfr# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 23741016Sdfr 23841016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23992756Salfred# Summer Time Act, 1916 24092756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 24141016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 24241016Sdfr# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 24392756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 24492756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 24592756Salfred# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 24692756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 24792756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 24841016Sdfr# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 24941016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 25041016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 25141016Sdfr# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 25241016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 25341016Sdfr# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 25441016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 25592756Salfred# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 25692756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 25792756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 25892756Salfred# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 25992756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 26092756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 26192756Salfred# The Summer Time Act, 1922 26292756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 26392756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 26492756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 26592756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 26692756Salfred# The Summer Time Act, 1925 26792756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 26892756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 26992756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 27092756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 271123442SalfredRule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 27292756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 27392756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 274123442SalfredRule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 275123442SalfredRule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 276123442SalfredRule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 277123442SalfredRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 27841016Sdfr# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 27941016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 28092756Salfred# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 28141016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 28292756Salfred# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 28392756SalfredRule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 28441016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 28541016Sdfr# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 28641016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 28741016Sdfr# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 28858230SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 28941016Sdfr# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 29058230SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 29158230SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 29241016Sdfr# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 29349965SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 294123442SalfredRule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 29541016Sdfr# The Summer Time Act, 1947 29641016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 29741016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 29841016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 29941016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 30041016Sdfr# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 30141016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 30258230SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 30358230Syokota# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 30458230SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 30558230SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 30641016Sdfr# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 30758230Syokota# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 30841016Sdfr# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 30941016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 31058230SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 31158230Syokota# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 31258230SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 31358230SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 31458230SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 31558230SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 31658230SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 31758230SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 31858230SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 31958230Syokota# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 32041016Sdfr# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 32141016Sdfr# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 32241016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 32341016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 32449965Syokota# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 32549965Syokota# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 32641016Sdfr# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 32741016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 32841016Sdfr# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 32963951SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 33041016Sdfr# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 33141016Sdfr# (no summer time) 33241016Sdfr# The Summer Time Act, 1972 33341016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 33483147SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 33541016Sdfr# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 33641016Sdfr# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 33758230Syokota# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 33854629Syokota# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 33941016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 34041016SdfrRule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 34141016Sdfr# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 34241016Sdfr# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 34341016Sdfr# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 34483492SyokotaRule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 34541016Sdfr# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 34641016Sdfr# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 34741016Sdfr 34841016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 34941016SdfrZone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 35047625Sphk 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 351126080Sphk 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 352126080Sphk 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 353111815Sphk 0:00 EU GMT/BST 354111815SphkZone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 355111815Sphk -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT 356111815Sphk -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time 357111815Sphk 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 358111815Sphk 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 35941016Sdfr 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 36041016Sdfr 0:00 EU GMT/BST 36141016SdfrZone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 36241016Sdfr -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT 36341016Sdfr -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 36441016Sdfr 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 36541016Sdfr 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 36641016Sdfr 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 36741016Sdfr 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 36841016Sdfr 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 36941016Sdfr 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 37041016Sdfr 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 37141016Sdfr 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 37241016Sdfr 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 37341016Sdfr 0:00 EU GMT/IST 37441016Sdfr 37541016Sdfr############################################################################### 37641016Sdfr 37741016Sdfr# Continental Europe 37841016Sdfr 37941016Sdfr# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 38041016Sdfr# Common Market, etc. 38141016Sdfr 38241016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 38341016SdfrRule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 38441016SdfrRule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 38541016SdfrRule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 38641016SdfrRule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 38741016SdfrRule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 38841016SdfrRule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 38941016Sdfr 39041016Sdfr# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 39141016SdfrRule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 39241016SdfrRule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 39341016SdfrRule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 39441016SdfrRule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 39541016SdfrRule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 39641016SdfrRule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 39741016Sdfr 39841016Sdfr# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 39941016Sdfr# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 40041016SdfrRule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 40141016SdfrRule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 40241016SdfrRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 40341016SdfrRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 40441016SdfrRule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 40541016SdfrRule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 40641016SdfrRule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 40741016SdfrRule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 40841016SdfrRule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 40941016Sdfr# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 41041016SdfrRule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 41141016SdfrRule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 41241016SdfrRule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 41341016SdfrRule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 41441016SdfrRule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 41541016SdfrRule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 41641016SdfrRule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 41741016Sdfr 41841016Sdfr# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 41941016SdfrRule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 42041016SdfrRule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 42141016SdfrRule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 42241016SdfrRule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 42341016SdfrRule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 42441016SdfrRule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 42541016Sdfr 42641016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 42741016SdfrRule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 42841016SdfrRule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 42941016SdfrRule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 43041016SdfrRule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 43141016SdfrRule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 43241016SdfrRule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 43341016SdfrRule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 43441016SdfrRule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 43541016SdfrRule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 43641016SdfrRule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 43741016SdfrRule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 43841016Sdfr# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 43941016SdfrRule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 44041016SdfrRule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 44141016Sdfr# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 44241016Sdfr# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 44341016SdfrRule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 44441016SdfrRule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 44541016Sdfr# 44641016SdfrRule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 44741016SdfrRule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 44841016SdfrRule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 44941016SdfrRule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 45041016SdfrRule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 45141016Sdfr 45241016Sdfr# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 45341016Sdfr 45441016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 45541016SdfrZone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 45641016SdfrZone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 45741016SdfrZone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 45841016SdfrZone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 45941016Sdfr 46041016Sdfr# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 46141016Sdfr# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 46241016Sdfr 46341016Sdfr# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12): 46441016Sdfr# The official German names ... are 46541016Sdfr# 46641016Sdfr# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 46741016Sdfr# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 46841016Sdfr# 46941016Sdfr# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 47041016Sdfr# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 47141016Sdfr# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 47241016Sdfr# 47341016Sdfr# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 47441016Sdfr# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 47541016Sdfr# Postfach 3345 47641016Sdfr# D-38023 Braunschweig 47741016Sdfr# phone: +49 531 592-0 47841016Sdfr# 47941016Sdfr# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 48041016Sdfr# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 48141016Sdfr# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 48241016Sdfr# 48341016Sdfr# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 48441016Sdfr# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 48541016Sdfr 48641016Sdfr 48741016Sdfr# Albania 48841016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 48941016SdfrRule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 49041016SdfrRule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 49141016SdfrRule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 49241016SdfrRule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 49341016SdfrRule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 49441016SdfrRule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 49541016SdfrRule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 49641016SdfrRule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 49741016SdfrRule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 49841016SdfrRule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 49941016SdfrRule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 50041016SdfrRule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 50141016SdfrRule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 50241016SdfrRule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 50341016SdfrRule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 50441016SdfrRule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 50541016SdfrRule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 50641016SdfrRule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 50741016SdfrRule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 50841016SdfrRule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 50941016SdfrRule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 51041016SdfrRule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 51141016SdfrRule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 51241016SdfrRule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 51341016SdfrRule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 51441016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 51541016SdfrZone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 51641016Sdfr 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 51741016Sdfr 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 51841016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 51941016Sdfr 52041016Sdfr# Andorra 52141016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 52241016SdfrZone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 52341016Sdfr 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 52441016Sdfr 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 52541016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 52641016Sdfr 52741016Sdfr# Austria 52841016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 52941016SdfrRule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 53041016SdfrRule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 53141016SdfrRule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 53241016SdfrRule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 53341016SdfrRule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 53441016SdfrRule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 53541016SdfrRule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 53641016SdfrRule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 53741016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 53841016SdfrZone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr 53941016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00 54041016Sdfr 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00 54141016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 54241016Sdfr 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 54341016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 54441016Sdfr 54541016Sdfr# Belarus 54641016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 54741016SdfrZone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 54841016Sdfr 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 54941016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 55058230Syokota 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 55141016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 55241016Sdfr 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 55341016Sdfr 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 55441016Sdfr 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 55541016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 55641016Sdfr 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 55741016Sdfr 2:00 Russia EE%sT 55841016Sdfr 55941016Sdfr# Belgium 56041016Sdfr# 56141016Sdfr# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 56241016Sdfr# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 56341016Sdfr# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 56441016Sdfr# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 56541016Sdfr# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 56641016Sdfr# pp 8-9. 56741016Sdfr# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 56841016Sdfr# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 56941016Sdfr# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references. 57041016Sdfr# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 57158230Syokota# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 57258230Syokota# 57341016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 57441016SdfrRule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 57541016SdfrRule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 57641016SdfrRule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 57749965SyokotaRule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 57858230SyokotaRule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 57958230SyokotaRule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 58058230SyokotaRule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 58141016SdfrRule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 58241016SdfrRule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 58341016SdfrRule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 58441016SdfrRule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 58541016SdfrRule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 58641016Sdfr# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 58741016Sdfr# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 58841016Sdfr# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 58941016Sdfr# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 59041016SdfrRule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 59141016SdfrRule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 59241016SdfrRule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 59341016SdfrRule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 59441016SdfrRule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 59541016SdfrRule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 59641016SdfrRule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 59741016SdfrRule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 59841016SdfrRule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 59941016SdfrRule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 60041016SdfrRule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 60141016SdfrRule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 60241016SdfrRule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 60341016SdfrRule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 60441016SdfrRule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 60541016SdfrRule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 60641016SdfrRule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 60741016SdfrRule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 60841016SdfrRule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 60941016SdfrRule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 61041016SdfrRule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 61141016SdfrRule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 61241016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 61341016SdfrZone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 61441016Sdfr 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 61541016Sdfr 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 61641016Sdfr 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 61741016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 61841016Sdfr 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 61941016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 62041016Sdfr 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 62141016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 62241016Sdfr 62341016Sdfr# Bosnia and Herzegovina 62441016Sdfr# see Yugoslavia 62541016Sdfr 62641016Sdfr# Bulgaria 62741016Sdfr# 62858230Syokota# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 62941016Sdfr# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 63041016Sdfr# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 63158230Syokota# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 63241016Sdfr# 63341016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 63441016SdfrRule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 63541016SdfrRule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 63641016SdfrRule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S 63741016SdfrRule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 63841016SdfrRule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 63941016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 64041016SdfrZone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 64141016Sdfr 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 64241016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 64341016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 64484880Syokota 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 64541016Sdfr 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 64641016Sdfr 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 64741016Sdfr 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 64841016Sdfr 2:00 EU EE%sT 64941016Sdfr 65041016Sdfr# Croatia 65141016Sdfr# see Yugosloavia 65241016Sdfr 65341016Sdfr# Czech Republic 65441016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65584880SyokotaRule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 656102412ScharnierRule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 65741016SdfrRule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 65841016SdfrRule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 65941016SdfrRule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 66041016SdfrRule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 66141016SdfrRule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 66245789Speter# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 66345789SpeterZone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 66441016Sdfr 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 66584880Syokota 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 66641016Sdfr 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 66741016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 66841016Sdfr 66945789Speter# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland 67045789Speter# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 67145789SpeterRule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 67245789SpeterRule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 67345789SpeterRule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 67445789SpeterRule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 67545789SpeterRule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 67645789SpeterRule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 67745789SpeterRule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 67845789SpeterRule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 67945789SpeterRule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 68045789SpeterRule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 68184880SyokotaRule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 68245789Speter# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways 68345789Speter# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks. 68441016Sdfr# 68541016Sdfr# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman. 68641016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 68741016SdfrZone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 68841016Sdfr 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time 68941016Sdfr 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 69041016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 69184880Syokota 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 69241016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 69341016SdfrZone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 69441016Sdfr 0:00 - WET 1981 69541016Sdfr 0:00 EU WE%sT 69645789Speter# 69745789Speter# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 69845789Speter# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 69945789Speter# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 70041016Sdfr# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab 70145789Speter# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 70245789Speter# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 70345789Speter 70445789Speter# 70545789Speter# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 70684880SyokotaRule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 70745789SpeterRule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 70845789Speter# 70941016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 71041016SdfrZone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit 71141016Sdfr -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 71241016Sdfr -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 71341016Sdfr -1:00 EU EG%sT 71441016SdfrZone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 71541016Sdfr -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 71641016Sdfr -3:00 EU WG%sT 71741016SdfrZone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik 71841016Sdfr -4:00 Thule A%sT 71941016Sdfr 72041016Sdfr# Estonia 72141016Sdfr# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15): 72241016Sdfr# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 72341016Sdfr# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 72441016Sdfr# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 72541016Sdfr# 72641016Sdfr# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28): 72784880Syokota# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 72884880Syokota# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 72941016Sdfr# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 73041016Sdfr# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 73141016Sdfr# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 73241016Sdfr# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 73341016Sdfr# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 73441016Sdfr# summer time next spring.'' 73541016Sdfr 73641016Sdfr# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 73741016Sdfr# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 73884880Syokota# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 73984880Syokota# </a> 74041016Sdfr# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 74141016Sdfr# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 74241016Sdfr# 74341016Sdfr# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 74441016Sdfr# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 74584880Syokota# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 74641016Sdfr 74741016Sdfr# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 74841016Sdfr# via Steffen Thorsen: 74941016Sdfr# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 75041016Sdfr# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 75141016Sdfr# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 75241016Sdfr# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 75341016Sdfr# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 75441016Sdfr# after that. 75541016Sdfr 75641016Sdfr# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 75741016Sdfr# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 75841016Sdfr# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 75941016Sdfr# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 76041016Sdfr 76141016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 76241016SdfrZone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 76384880Syokota 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 76441016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 76541016Sdfr 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 76641016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 76741016Sdfr 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 76841016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 76941016Sdfr 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 77041016Sdfr 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 77141016Sdfr 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 77284880Syokota 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 77341016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 77441016Sdfr 77541016Sdfr# Finland 77641016Sdfr# 77741016Sdfr# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): 77884880Syokota# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 77941016Sdfr# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 78041016Sdfr# 78141016Sdfr# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994): 78241016Sdfr# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981. 78341016Sdfr# Go with Strang instead. 78441016Sdfr# 78541016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 78641016SdfrRule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 78741016SdfrRule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 78841016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 78984880SyokotaZone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 79041016Sdfr 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 79141016Sdfr 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 79241016Sdfr 2:00 EU EE%sT 79358230Syokota 79458230Syokota# France 79584880Syokota# 79658230Syokota# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. 79741016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 79841016SdfrRule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 79941016SdfrRule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 80084880SyokotaRule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 80184880SyokotaRule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 80284880SyokotaRule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 80384880SyokotaRule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 80484880SyokotaRule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 80584880SyokotaRule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 80684880SyokotaRule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 80784880SyokotaRule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 80884880Syokota# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 80984880Syokota# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 81084880Syokota# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks. 81184880SyokotaRule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 81284880SyokotaRule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 81384880SyokotaRule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 81484880SyokotaRule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 81584880SyokotaRule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 81684880SyokotaRule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 81784880SyokotaRule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 81884880SyokotaRule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 81984880SyokotaRule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 82084880SyokotaRule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 82184880SyokotaRule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 82284880SyokotaRule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 82384880SyokotaRule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 82484880SyokotaRule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 82584880SyokotaRule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 82684880SyokotaRule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 82784880SyokotaRule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 82884880SyokotaRule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 82984880SyokotaRule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 83084880SyokotaRule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 83184880Syokota# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, 83284880Syokota# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco). 83384880SyokotaRule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 83484880Syokota# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 83584880Syokota# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12), 83684880Syokota# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 83784880Syokota# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 83884880SyokotaRule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 83984880SyokotaRule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 84084880SyokotaRule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 84184880SyokotaRule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 842123442SalfredRule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 84384880SyokotaRule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 84484880SyokotaRule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 84584880SyokotaRule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 84684880SyokotaRule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 84784880Syokota# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 84884880Syokota# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 84984880SyokotaRule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 85084880SyokotaRule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 85184880Syokota# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05, 85284880Syokota# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 85384880Syokota# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 85484880Syokota# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 85584880Syokota# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 85684880SyokotaZone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 85784880Syokota 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 85884880Syokota# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT. 85984880Syokota 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 86084880Syokota 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 86184880Syokota 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 86284880Syokota 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 86384880Syokota 1:00 EU CE%sT 86484880Syokota 86584880Syokota# Germany 86684880Syokota 86784880Syokota# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29): 86884880Syokota# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 86984880Syokota# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 87084880Syokota# 87184880Syokota# <a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm"> 87284880Syokota# Realisation of Legal Time in Germany 87384880Syokota# </a> 87484880Syokota 87584880Syokota# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 87684880SyokotaRule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 87784880Syokota# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes 87884880Syokota# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem) 87984880Syokota# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times. 88084880SyokotaRule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 88184880SyokotaRule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S 88284880SyokotaRule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 88384880SyokotaRule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 88484880SyokotaRule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 88584880SyokotaRule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 88641016SdfrRule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 88741016Sdfr# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times; 88883147Syokota# go with Shanks. 88983147SyokotaRule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 89083147SyokotaRule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 89183931SyokotaRule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 89283931SyokotaRule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 89383931Syokota# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 89483931SyokotaZone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 89583147Syokota 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 89683931Syokota 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 89783931Syokota 1:00 EU CE%sT 89883147Syokota 89983931Syokota# Gibraltar 90083931Syokota# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 90183931SyokotaZone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 90283931Syokota 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 90383931Syokota 1:00 - CET 1982 90483931Syokota 1:00 EU CE%sT 90583931Syokota 90683931Syokota# Greece 90783931Syokota# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 90883931Syokota# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks. 90983931SyokotaRule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 91083931SyokotaRule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 91183931Syokota# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks. 91283931SyokotaRule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 91383931Syokota# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks. 91483931SyokotaRule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 91583931SyokotaRule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 91683931SyokotaRule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 91783931Syokota# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks. 91883931SyokotaRule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 91983931SyokotaRule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 92083147SyokotaRule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 92183147SyokotaRule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 922115569SphkRule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 92341016SdfrRule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 92441016SdfrRule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 92541016SdfrRule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 92641016SdfrRule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 927115569SphkRule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 92841016SdfrRule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 92941016SdfrRule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 93041016SdfrRule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 93141016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93241016SdfrZone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 93341016Sdfr 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 93441016Sdfr 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 93541016Sdfr 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 93641016Sdfr 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 93758230Syokota # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; 93841016Sdfr # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 93941016Sdfr 2:00 EU EE%sT 94041016Sdfr 94141016Sdfr# Hungary 94241016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 94358230SyokotaRule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 94483147SyokotaRule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 94583147SyokotaRule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 946127135SnjlRule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 947127135SnjlRule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 94883147SyokotaRule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 94983147SyokotaRule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 95083147SyokotaRule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 95183147SyokotaRule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 95283147SyokotaRule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95383147SyokotaRule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 95458230SyokotaRule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 95584880SyokotaRule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 95658230SyokotaRule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 95783147SyokotaRule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 95858230SyokotaRule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 95958230SyokotaRule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 96058230SyokotaRule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 96158230SyokotaRule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 96258230SyokotaRule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 96358230Syokota# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 96458230SyokotaZone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 96558230Syokota 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 96658230Syokota 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 96741016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00 96841016Sdfr 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 96941016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 97041016Sdfr 97143105Sdfr# Iceland 97243105Sdfr# 97341016Sdfr# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06): 97441016Sdfr# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 97541016Sdfr# 97641016Sdfr# (1993-12-05): 97741016Sdfr# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 97841016Sdfr# Iceland Almanak. 97941016Sdfr# 98041016Sdfr# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 98141016Sdfr# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 98241016Sdfr# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 98341016Sdfr# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 98441016Sdfr# 98541016Sdfr# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 98641016Sdfr# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 98741016Sdfr# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 98841016Sdfr# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 98941016Sdfr# 99041016Sdfr# (1993-12-10): 99141016Sdfr# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 99241016Sdfr# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 99341016Sdfr# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 99441016Sdfr# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 99541016Sdfr# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 99641016Sdfr# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 99741016Sdfr# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 99841016Sdfr# might mean something else (???). 99941016Sdfr# 100041016Sdfr# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 100141016Sdfr# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. 100241016Sdfr# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that 100341016Sdfr# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 100441016Sdfr# 100541016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 100641016SdfrRule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 100741016SdfrRule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 100841016SdfrRule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 100941016SdfrRule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 101041016SdfrRule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 101141016SdfrRule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 101241016SdfrRule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 101341016SdfrRule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 101441016SdfrRule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 101541016SdfrRule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 101641016SdfrRule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 101745789Speter# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 101841016SdfrRule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 101941016SdfrRule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 102041016Sdfr# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 102141016SdfrRule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 102241016Sdfr# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 102341016SdfrRule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 102441016SdfrRule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 102541016SdfrRule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 102641016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 102741016SdfrZone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 102841016Sdfr -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 102941016Sdfr -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 103041016Sdfr 0:00 - GMT 103141016Sdfr 103241016Sdfr# Italy 103341016Sdfr# 103441016Sdfr# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): 103541016Sdfr# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri 103641016Sdfr# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html"> 103741016Sdfr# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14) 103841016Sdfr# </a> 103941016Sdfr# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 104041016Sdfr# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 104141016Sdfr# 1042102412Scharnier# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 104341016Sdfr# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 104441016Sdfr# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 104541016Sdfr# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 104641016Sdfr# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 104741016Sdfr# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 104845789Speter# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 104945789Speter# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 105041016Sdfr# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 105141016Sdfr# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 105241016Sdfr# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 105341016Sdfr# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 105441016Sdfr# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 105541016Sdfr# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 105641016Sdfr# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 105745789Speter# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 105845789Speter# 105945789Speter# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 106045789SpeterRule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 106145789SpeterRule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 106245789SpeterRule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 106345789SpeterRule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 106445789SpeterRule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 106545789SpeterRule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1066117302SmikehRule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1067117302SmikehRule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1068117302SmikehRule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1069117302SmikehRule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 107045789SpeterRule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 107145789SpeterRule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 107245789SpeterRule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 107345789SpeterRule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 107445789SpeterRule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 107545789SpeterRule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 107645789SpeterRule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1077117302SmikehRule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1078117302SmikehRule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1079117302SmikehRule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1080117302SmikehRule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1081117302SmikehRule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 108245789SpeterRule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 108341016SdfrRule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 108445789SpeterRule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 108541016SdfrRule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 108641016SdfrRule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 108741016SdfrRule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 108841016SdfrRule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 108941016SdfrRule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 109041016SdfrRule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 109141016SdfrRule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 109245789SpeterRule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 109345789SpeterRule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 109445789SpeterRule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 109545789SpeterRule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 109645789Speter# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 109741016SdfrZone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 109841016Sdfr 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time 109941016Sdfr 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 110041016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 110141016Sdfr 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 110241016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 110341016Sdfr 110441016SdfrLink Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 110541016SdfrLink Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 110641016Sdfr 110741016Sdfr# Latvia 110841016Sdfr 110941016Sdfr# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17): 111041016Sdfr 111141016Sdfr# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 111241016Sdfr# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 111341016Sdfr# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 111441016Sdfr# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 111541016Sdfr# 111641016Sdfr# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 111741016Sdfr# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 111841016Sdfr# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 111941016Sdfr# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 112041016Sdfr# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 112141016Sdfr# 112241016Sdfr# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 112341016Sdfr# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 112441016Sdfr# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 112541016Sdfr# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 112658230Syokota# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 112758230Syokota# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 112858230Syokota# 112941016Sdfr# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 113041016Sdfr# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 113141016Sdfr# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 113241016Sdfr# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 113341016Sdfr# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 113441016Sdfr# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 113541016Sdfr# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 113645789Speter# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 113745789Speter# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 113845789Speter# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 113945789Speter# 114045789Speter# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 114145789Speter# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 114241016Sdfr# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 114345789Speter 114445789Speter# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 114545789Speter# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 114645789Speter# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 114745789Speter# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 114845789Speter# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 114945789Speter 115045789Speter# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 115141016SdfrRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 115241016SdfrRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 115341016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 115441016SdfrZone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 115541016Sdfr 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 115641016Sdfr 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 115741016Sdfr 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 115841016Sdfr 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 115941016Sdfr 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 116041016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 116141016Sdfr 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 116241016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 116345789Speter 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 116445789Speter 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 116541016Sdfr 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 116641016Sdfr 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 116741016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 116841016Sdfr 116941016Sdfr# Liechtenstein 117048773Syokota# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 117148773SyokotaZone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 117248773Syokota 1:00 - CET 1981 117348773Syokota 1:00 EU CE%sT 117448773Syokota 117548773Syokota# Lithuania 117641016Sdfr 117741016Sdfr# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 117841016Sdfr# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 117948773Syokota# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 118041016Sdfr 118141016Sdfr# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07): 118241016Sdfr# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 118348773Syokota# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 118448773Syokota 118548773Syokota# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 118648773Syokota# via Steffen Thorsen: 118741016Sdfr# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 118848773Syokota# to be valid here starting from October 31, 118948773Syokota# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 119048773Syokota# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 119148773Syokota# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 119241016Sdfr# already done by Estonia. 119341016Sdfr 119441016Sdfr# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> 119541016Sdfr# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 119641016Sdfr# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 119741016Sdfr 119841016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 119941016SdfrZone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 120041016Sdfr 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 120141016Sdfr 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 120241016Sdfr 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 120341016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 120441016Sdfr 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 120541016Sdfr 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 120641016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 120741016Sdfr 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 120841016Sdfr 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 120941016Sdfr 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 121041016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 121141016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 121241016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 121341016Sdfr 121441016Sdfr# Luxembourg 121541016Sdfr# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. 121641016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 121741016SdfrRule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 121841016SdfrRule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 121941016SdfrRule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 122041016SdfrRule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 122141016SdfrRule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 122241016SdfrRule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 122341016SdfrRule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 122441016SdfrRule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 122541016SdfrRule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 122641016SdfrRule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 122741016SdfrRule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 122841016SdfrRule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 122941016SdfrRule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 123041016SdfrRule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 123141016SdfrRule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 123241016SdfrRule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 123341016SdfrRule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 123441016SdfrRule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 123541016SdfrRule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 123641016SdfrRule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 123741016SdfrRule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 123841016SdfrRule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 123941016SdfrRule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 124041016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 124141016SdfrZone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 124241016Sdfr 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 124341016Sdfr 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 124441016Sdfr 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 124558230Syokota 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 124658230Syokota 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 124741016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 124841016Sdfr 124941016Sdfr# Macedonia 125041016Sdfr# see Yugoslavia 125141016Sdfr 125241016Sdfr# Malta 125358230Syokota# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 125441016SdfrRule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 125558230SyokotaRule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 125683147SyokotaRule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1257127135SnjlRule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1258127135SnjlRule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 125958230SyokotaRule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 126058230SyokotaRule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 126183147Syokota# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 126258230SyokotaZone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta 126358230Syokota 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 126458230Syokota 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 126558230Syokota 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 126658230Syokota 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 126741016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 126858230Syokota 126958230Syokota# Moldova 127058230Syokota# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127158230SyokotaZone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 127241016Sdfr 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 127341016Sdfr 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 127441016Sdfr 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 127548778Syokota 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 127641016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 127748778Syokota 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 127848778Syokota 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 127948778Syokota 2:00 - EET 1991 128041016Sdfr 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 128141016Sdfr 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 128241016Sdfr# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 128341016Sdfr 2:00 EU EE%sT 128441016SdfrZone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880 128541016Sdfr 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 128641016Sdfr 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 128741016Sdfr 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 128841016Sdfr 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 128941016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 129041016Sdfr 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 129141016Sdfr 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 129241016Sdfr 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 129358230Syokota 129458230Syokota# Monaco 129558230Syokota# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. 129658230Syokota# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129758230SyokotaZone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 129858230Syokota 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 129958230Syokota 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 130058230Syokota 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 130158230Syokota 1:00 EU CE%sT 130283147Syokota 130383147Syokota# Netherlands 130458230Syokota# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 130558230Syokota# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 130658230Syokota# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 130758230Syokota# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman. 130858230SyokotaRule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 130958230SyokotaRule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 131058230SyokotaRule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 131158230SyokotaRule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 131258230Syokota# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks. 131383366SjulianRule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 131441016SdfrRule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT 131541016SdfrRule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST 131641016Sdfr# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 131741016SdfrRule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 131841016SdfrRule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST 131941016SdfrRule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST 132041016Sdfr# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks. 132141016SdfrRule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST 132241016Sdfr# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks. 132341016SdfrRule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 132441016SdfrRule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 132541016SdfrRule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 132641016SdfrRule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 132741016SdfrRule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 132841016SdfrRule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 132941016Sdfr# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks. 133041016SdfrRule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 133141016SdfrRule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 133241016SdfrRule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 - 133341016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 133441016SdfrZone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May 133541016Sdfr 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul 133658230Syokota 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40 133741016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 133841016Sdfr 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 133941016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 134041016Sdfr 134141016Sdfr# Norway 134241016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 134341016Sdfr# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. 134441016SdfrRule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 134541016SdfrRule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 134641016Sdfr# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04, 134741016Sdfr# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks. 134841016SdfrRule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1349123442SalfredRule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1350123442SalfredRule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 135141016SdfrRule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 135241016SdfrRule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1353123442Salfred# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 135484880SyokotaZone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 135541016Sdfr 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 135641016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 135741016Sdfr 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 135841016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 135941016Sdfr 136041016Sdfr# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 136141016SdfrLink Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 136241016Sdfr# From Whitman: 136341016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136441016SdfrZone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT 136541016Sdfr 136641016Sdfr# Poland 136741016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 136841016SdfrRule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 136941016SdfrRule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 137041016Sdfr# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. 137141016SdfrRule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 137241016Sdfr# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. 137341016SdfrRule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 137441016SdfrRule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 137541016SdfrRule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S 137641016SdfrRule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 - 137741016SdfrRule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 137841016SdfrRule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 137941016SdfrRule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 138041016Sdfr# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 138141016SdfrRule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 138241016SdfrRule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 138341016SdfrRule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 138441016SdfrRule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 138541016SdfrRule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 138641016SdfrRule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 138784880SyokotaRule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S 138841016SdfrRule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 138941016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139041016SdfrZone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 139141016Sdfr 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 139241016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 139341016Sdfr 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 139441016Sdfr 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 139541016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 139641016Sdfr 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 139783366Sjulian 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999 139841016Sdfr# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ 139941016Sdfr# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml"> 140041016Sdfr# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24) 140141016Sdfr# </a> 140241016Sdfr# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. 140341016Sdfr# Stick with W-Eur for now. 140441016Sdfr# 140541016Sdfr# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10): 140641016Sdfr# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would 140741016Sdfr# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not 140841016Sdfr# worth further discussion. 140941016Sdfr# 141041016Sdfr# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10): 141141016Sdfr# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997 141241016Sdfr# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to 141341016Sdfr# EU rules in 1999. 141441016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 141541016Sdfr 141641016Sdfr# Portugal 141741016Sdfr# 141841016Sdfr# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): 141941016Sdfr# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 142041016Sdfr# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 142141016Sdfr# 142241016Sdfr# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 142341016Sdfr# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 142458230Syokota# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 142541016Sdfr# 142641016Sdfr# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 142741016Sdfr# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 142841016Sdfr# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 142941016Sdfr# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 143041016Sdfr# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 143141016Sdfr# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 143241016Sdfr# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 143341016Sdfr# 143458230Syokota# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 143584880Syokota# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 143658230Syokota# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 143758230Syokota# Go with Shanks. 143841016SdfrRule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 143941016Sdfr# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. 144041016SdfrRule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 144141016SdfrRule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 144241016SdfrRule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 144341016SdfrRule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 144441016SdfrRule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 144541016SdfrRule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 144641016SdfrRule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 144741016SdfrRule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 144841016SdfrRule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 144941016SdfrRule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 145041016SdfrRule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 145158230SyokotaRule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 145241016SdfrRule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 145341016SdfrRule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 145441016SdfrRule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 145541016Sdfr# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks. 145658230SyokotaRule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 145741016SdfrRule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 145841016Sdfr# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman. 145941016SdfrRule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 146041016Sdfr# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks. 146141016SdfrRule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 146241016Sdfr# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 146341016SdfrRule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 146441016SdfrRule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 146541016Sdfr# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks. 146641016SdfrRule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 146758230SyokotaRule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 146841016SdfrRule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 146941016Sdfr# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 147041016SdfrRule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 147141016SdfrRule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 147241016Sdfr# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 147341016SdfrRule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 147441016SdfrRule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 147541016SdfrRule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 147641016SdfrRule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 147741016SdfrRule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 147841016SdfrRule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 147941016SdfrRule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 148041016SdfrRule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 1481123442SalfredRule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 148241016SdfrRule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 148341016SdfrRule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 148441016SdfrRule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 148541016SdfrRule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 148641016Sdfr# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 148741016Sdfr# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks. 148841016SdfrRule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 148941016SdfrRule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149041016SdfrRule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 149141016SdfrRule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 149241016SdfrRule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 149341016SdfrRule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 149441016SdfrRule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 149541016SdfrRule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 149641016SdfrRule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 149741016SdfrRule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 149841016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 149941016SdfrZone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 150041016Sdfr -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time 150141016Sdfr 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 150241016Sdfr 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 150341016Sdfr 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 150441016Sdfr 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 150541016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 150641016Sdfr 0:00 EU WE%sT 150741016SdfrZone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 150841016Sdfr -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 150941016Sdfr -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 151041016Sdfr -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 151141016Sdfr -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1512109269Smdodd 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 151341016Sdfr -1:00 EU AZO%sT 151441016SdfrZone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 151541016Sdfr -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 1516109269Smdodd -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 151741016Sdfr 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 151841016Sdfr 0:00 EU WE%sT 151941016Sdfr 152041016Sdfr# Romania 152141016Sdfr# 152241016Sdfr# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 1523109269Smdodd# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 152441016Sdfr# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 152541016Sdfr# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 1526109269Smdodd# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 152741016Sdfr# the same year as Bulgaria. 152841016Sdfr# 1529109269Smdodd# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 153041016SdfrRule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 153141016SdfrRule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 153241016SdfrRule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 153341016SdfrRule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 153441016SdfrRule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1535123442SalfredRule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 153641016SdfrRule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 153741016SdfrRule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 153841016SdfrRule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 153941016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 154041016SdfrZone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 154141016Sdfr 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 154241016Sdfr 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 154341016Sdfr 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 154441016Sdfr 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 154541016Sdfr 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 154641016Sdfr 2:00 EU EE%sT 154741016Sdfr 154841016Sdfr# Russia 154941016Sdfr 155041016Sdfr# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): 155141016Sdfr# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 155241016Sdfr# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 155341016Sdfr# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow 155441016Sdfr# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 155541016Sdfr# 155641016Sdfr# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): 155741016Sdfr# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 1558111748Sdes# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 155941016Sdfr# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 156041016Sdfr# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 156141016Sdfr# 156241016Sdfr# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): 156341016Sdfr# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 156441016Sdfr# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 156541016Sdfr# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 156641016Sdfr# 156741016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156841016SdfrZone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 156941016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 157041016Sdfr 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 157141016Sdfr 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 157241016Sdfr 2:00 Russia EE%sT 157341016SdfrZone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 1574109269Smdodd 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 157541016Sdfr 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 157641016Sdfr 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 157741016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 157841016Sdfr 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 157941016Sdfr 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 158041016Sdfr 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 158141016SdfrZone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 158241016Sdfr 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev 158341016Sdfr 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 158441016Sdfr 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 158541016Sdfr 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 158641016Sdfr 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 158741016Sdfr 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time 158841016SdfrZone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 158941016Sdfr 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 159041016Sdfr 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 159141016Sdfr 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 159241016Sdfr 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time 159341016SdfrZone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 159441016Sdfr 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 159541016Sdfr 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 159641016Sdfr 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 159741016Sdfr 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 159841016Sdfr# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): 159941016Sdfr# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 160041016Sdfr# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 160141016Sdfr# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 160241016Sdfr# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 160341016SdfrZone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 160441016Sdfr 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 160541016Sdfr 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 160641016Sdfr 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 160741016Sdfr 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks 160841016Sdfr 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 160941016SdfrZone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 161041016Sdfr 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 161141016Sdfr 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 161241016Sdfr 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 161341016Sdfr 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 161441016SdfrZone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 161541016Sdfr 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 161641016Sdfr 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 161741016Sdfr 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 161841016Sdfr 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 161941016Sdfr 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 162041016SdfrZone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 162141016Sdfr 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 162241016Sdfr 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 162341016Sdfr 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 162441016Sdfr 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 162541016SdfrZone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 162641016Sdfr 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 162741016Sdfr 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 162841016Sdfr 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 162941016Sdfr 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 163041016SdfrZone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 163141016Sdfr 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 1632123442Salfred 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 163341016Sdfr 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 163441016Sdfr 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 163541016Sdfr# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 163641016SdfrZone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 163741016Sdfr 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 1638123442Salfred 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1639123442Salfred 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1640123442Salfred 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1641123442SalfredZone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 1642123442Salfred 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 1643123442Salfred 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 1644123442Salfred 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1645123442Salfred 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1646123442Salfred 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1647123442Salfred 1648123442Salfred# Slovakia 1649123442SalfredLink Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 1650123442Salfred 1651123442Salfred# Slovenia 1652123442Salfred# see Yugoslavia 1653123442Salfred 1654123442Salfred# Spain 1655123442Salfred# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1656123442Salfred# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. 1657123442SalfredRule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1658123442SalfredRule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 1659123442SalfredRule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 166041016SdfrRule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 166141016Sdfr# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. 166241016SdfrRule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 166341016Sdfr# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks. 166441016SdfrRule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 166541016SdfrRule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 166641016Sdfr# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks. 166741016SdfrRule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 166841016SdfrRule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 166941016SdfrRule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 167041016SdfrRule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 167141016Sdfr# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks. 167241016SdfrRule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 167341016SdfrRule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 167441016SdfrRule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 167541016SdfrRule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 167641016SdfrRule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 167741016Sdfr# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks. 167841016SdfrRule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 167941016SdfrRule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 168041016SdfrRule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 168141016SdfrRule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 168241016SdfrRule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 168341016SdfrRule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 168441016SdfrRule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 168541016SdfrRule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 168641016SdfrRule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 168783366SjulianRule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 168841016SdfrRule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 168941016SdfrRule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 169041016SdfrRule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 169141016SdfrRule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 169241016SdfrRule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 169341016Sdfr# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 169441016SdfrRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 169541016SdfrRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 169641016SdfrRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 169741016SdfrRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 169841016SdfrRule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 169941016SdfrRule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 170041016SdfrRule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 170141016SdfrRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 170241016SdfrRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 170341016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 170441016SdfrZone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 170541016Sdfr 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 170641016Sdfr 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 170741016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 170841016SdfrZone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 170948778Syokota 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 171041016Sdfr 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 171141016Sdfr 0:00 - WET 1924 171241016Sdfr 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 171341016Sdfr 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 171441016Sdfr 1:00 - CET 1986 171541016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 171641016SdfrZone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 171741016Sdfr -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 171841016Sdfr 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 171941016Sdfr 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 172041016Sdfr 0:00 EU WE%sT 172141016Sdfr# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 172241016Sdfr# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 172341016Sdfr 172441016Sdfr# Sweden 172541016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 172641016SdfrZone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 172741016Sdfr 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT 172841016Sdfr 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s 172941016Sdfr 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s 173041016Sdfr 1:00 - CET 1980 173141016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 173241016Sdfr 173341016Sdfr# Switzerland 173441016Sdfr# From Howse: 173541016Sdfr# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 173641016Sdfr# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 173741016Sdfr# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 173841016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 173941016Sdfr# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): 174041016SdfrRule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 174141016SdfrRule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 174241016Sdfr# From Shanks: 174341016SdfrRule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 174441016SdfrRule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 174541016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 174641016SdfrZone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 174741016Sdfr 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 174841016Sdfr 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 174941016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 175041016Sdfr 175141016Sdfr# Turkey 175241016Sdfr# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 175341016SdfrRule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 175441016SdfrRule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 175541016SdfrRule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 175641016SdfrRule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 175741016SdfrRule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 175841016SdfrRule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 175941016SdfrRule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 176041016SdfrRule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 176141016Sdfr# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. 176241016SdfrRule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 176341016SdfrRule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 176441016SdfrRule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 176541016SdfrRule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 176641016SdfrRule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 176741016SdfrRule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 176841016SdfrRule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 176941016SdfrRule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 177041016Sdfr# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 177141016SdfrRule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 177241016SdfrRule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 177341016SdfrRule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 177441016SdfrRule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 177541016SdfrRule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 177641016SdfrRule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 177741016SdfrRule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 177841016SdfrRule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 177941016SdfrRule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 178041016SdfrRule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 178141016SdfrRule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 178241016SdfrRule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 178341016SdfrRule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 178441016SdfrRule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 178541016SdfrRule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 178641016SdfrRule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 178741016SdfrRule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 178841016SdfrRule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 178941016SdfrRule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 179041016SdfrRule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 179141016SdfrRule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 179241016SdfrRule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 179341016SdfrRule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 179441016SdfrRule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 179541016SdfrRule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 179641016SdfrRule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 179741016SdfrRule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 179841016SdfrRule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 179941016SdfrRule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 180041016SdfrRule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 180141016SdfrRule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 180241016SdfrRule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 180341016SdfrRule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 180441016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180541016SdfrZone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 180641016Sdfr 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 180741016Sdfr 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 180841016Sdfr 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 180941016Sdfr 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 181041016Sdfr 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 181141016Sdfr 2:00 EU EE%sT 181241016SdfrLink Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 181341016Sdfr 181441016Sdfr# Ukraine 181541016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 181641016Sdfr# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 181741016SdfrZone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 181841016Sdfr 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 181941016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 182041016Sdfr 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 182141016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 182241016Sdfr 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 182341016Sdfr 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 182441016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 1992 182541016Sdfr 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 182641016Sdfr 2:00 EU EE%sT 182741016Sdfr# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 182841016SdfrZone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 182941016Sdfr 1:00 - CET 1940 183041016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 183141016Sdfr 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 183241016Sdfr 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 183341016Sdfr 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 183441016Sdfr 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 183541016Sdfr 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 183641016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 1992 183741016Sdfr 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 183841016Sdfr 2:00 EU EE%sT 183941016Sdfr# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 184041016Sdfr# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes. 184141016SdfrZone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 184241016Sdfr 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 184341016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 184441016Sdfr 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 184541016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 184641016Sdfr 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 184741016Sdfr 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 184841016Sdfr 2:00 EU EE%sT 184941016Sdfr# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 185041016SdfrZone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 185141016Sdfr 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 185241016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 185341016Sdfr 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 185441016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 185541016Sdfr 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 185641016Sdfr 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 185741016Sdfr 2:00 - EET 1992 185841016Sdfr# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): 185941016Sdfr# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 186041016Sdfr# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 186141016Sdfr# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened 186241016Sdfr# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May. 186341016Sdfr 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 186441016Sdfr# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 186541016Sdfr 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 186641016Sdfr 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 186741016Sdfr# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 186841016Sdfr# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 186941016Sdfr 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 187041016Sdfr 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 187141016Sdfr 2:00 EU EE%sT 187241016Sdfr 187341016Sdfr# Yugoslavia 187441016Sdfr# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 187541016SdfrZone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 187641016Sdfr 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 187741016Sdfr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 187841016Sdfr 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 187941016Sdfr# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of 188041016Sdfr# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 188141016Sdfr# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 188241016Sdfr 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 188341016Sdfr 1:00 EU CE%sT 188441016SdfrLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 188541016SdfrLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 188641016SdfrLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 188741016SdfrLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 188841016Sdfr 188941016Sdfr############################################################################### 189041016Sdfr 189141016Sdfr# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 189241016Sdfr# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 189341016Sdfr# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 189441016Sdfr# 189541016Sdfr# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 189641016Sdfr# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 189741016Sdfr# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 189841016Sdfr# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 189941016Sdfr# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 190041016Sdfr# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 190141016Sdfr 190241016Sdfr# ... 190341016Sdfr# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 190441016Sdfr# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann) 190541016Sdfr# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp> 190641016Sdfr# ... 190741016Sdfr# 190841016Sdfr# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 190941016Sdfr# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 191041016Sdfr# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 191141016Sdfr# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 191241016Sdfr# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 191341016Sdfr# years... 191441016Sdfr# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 191541016Sdfr# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 191641016Sdfr# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 191741016Sdfr# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 191841016Sdfr# 191941016Sdfr# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 192041016Sdfr# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 192141016Sdfr# 192241016Sdfr# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 192341016Sdfr# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 192441016Sdfr# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho 192541016Sdfr 192641016Sdfr# ... 192741016Sdfr# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 192841016Sdfr# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter) 192941016Sdfr# ... 193041016Sdfr# 193141016Sdfr# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 193241016Sdfr# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 193341016Sdfr# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 193441016Sdfr# 193541016Sdfr# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 193641016Sdfr# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 193741016Sdfr# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 193841016Sdfr# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 193941016Sdfr# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 194041016Sdfr# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 194141016Sdfr# dates... 194241016Sdfr# 194341016Sdfr# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 194441016Sdfr# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 194541016Sdfr# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 194641016Sdfr# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 194741016Sdfr# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 194841016Sdfr# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 194941016Sdfr# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 195041016Sdfr# in advance of normal time. 195141016Sdfr# 195241016Sdfr# ... 195341016Sdfr# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 195441016Sdfr# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl 195541016Sdfr# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax 195641016Sdfr 195741016Sdfr# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 195841016Sdfr# ... 195941016Sdfr# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 196041016Sdfr# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 196141016Sdfr# ... 196241016Sdfr# Monaco: has same DST as France. 196341016Sdfr# ... 196441016Sdfr