europe revision 58787
158787Sru# @(#)europe 7.71 258787Sru# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/europe 58787 2000-03-29 14:01:46Z ru $ 32742Swollman 42742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 52742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 62742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 72742Swollman 858787Sru# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 92742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 1058787Sru# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 1158787Sru# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 122742Swollman# 1358787Sru# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source 1420094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 1520094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1620094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 1720094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 1820094Swollman# 1958787Sru# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991, 2058787Sru# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 2120094Swollman# 2243543Swollman# Other sources occasionally used include: 232742Swollman# 2443543Swollman# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 2543543Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 2643543Swollman# which I found in the UCLA library. 2743543Swollman# 2843543Swollman# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 2943543Swollman# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 3043543Swollman# History of Summer Time 3143543Swollman# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 3243543Swollman 3343543Swollman# 342742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 352742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 3619878Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 372742Swollman# std dst 382742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 392742Swollman# -4:00 AST Atlantic 4019878Swollman# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 4119878Swollman# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 422742Swollman# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer 4319878Swollman# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 4419878Swollman# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe 4519878Swollman# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe 4619878Swollman# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 4720094Swollman# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 482742Swollman# 492742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 5058787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 512742Swollman 5219878Swollman# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), 5314343Swollman# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 549908Swollman# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 559908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 569908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 579908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 589908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 599908Swollman# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 609908Swollman# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 619908Swollman# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 629908Swollman# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 639908Swollman# ... 6414343Swollman# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 6514343Swollman# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 669908Swollman# ... 679908Swollman# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 689908Swollman# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 699908Swollman# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 709908Swollman# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 719908Swollman# in the Directive. 729908Swollman 7319878Swollman 742742Swollman############################################################################### 752742Swollman 7643014Swollman# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 772742Swollman 7819878Swollman# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): 792742Swollman# 802742Swollman# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 812742Swollman# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 822742Swollman# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 832742Swollman# of the text said: 842742Swollman# 852742Swollman# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 8621217Swollman# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 872742Swollman# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 882742Swollman# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 892742Swollman# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 902742Swollman# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 912742Swollman# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 922742Swollman# 932742Swollman# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 9421217Swollman# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 952742Swollman# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 962742Swollman# 972742Swollman# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 982742Swollman 9919878Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): 1002742Swollman# 1012742Swollman# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 1022742Swollman# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 1032742Swollman# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 10458787Sru# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 10558787Sru# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 1062742Swollman# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 1072742Swollman# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 10858787Sru# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 1092742Swollman# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 11058787Sru# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 11158787Sru# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 11258787Sru# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 1132742Swollman# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 11458787Sru# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 11558787Sru# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 1162742Swollman# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 1172742Swollman# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 1182742Swollman# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 1192742Swollman# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 12058787Sru# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 1212742Swollman# 1222742Swollman# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 12358787Sru# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 12458787Sru# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 1252742Swollman 12643543Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30): 12717200Swollman# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 12843543Swollman# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 12958787Sru# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 13017200Swollman# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 13117200Swollman# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 13217200Swollman# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 13317200Swollman# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 13417200Swollman# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 13517200Swollman 13619878Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 13719878Swollman# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' 13819878Swollman# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 13919878Swollman# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 14019878Swollman# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 14119878Swollman 14219878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 1432742Swollman# 1442742Swollman# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 1452742Swollman# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 1462742Swollman 1472742Swollman# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 1482742Swollman# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john> 1492742Swollman# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 1502742Swollman# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 1512742Swollman# politics making a fortune, not computing. 1522742Swollman 15343014Swollman# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14): 15443014Swollman# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 15543014Swollman# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 15643014Swollman# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 15743014Swollman# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 15843014Swollman 15958787Sru# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 16058787Sru# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 16158787Sru# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 16258787Sru# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 1632742Swollman 16458787Sru# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo. 16558787Sru 16658787Sru# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length 16758787Sru# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 16858787Sru# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating 16958787Sru# and extending this list, which can be found in 17058787Sru# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> 17158787Sru# History of legal time in Britain 17258787Sru# </a> (2000-02-12). 17358787Sru 17458787Sru# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06): 17543014Swollman# 17643014Swollman# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 17743014Swollman# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 17843014Swollman# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 17943014Swollman# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 18043014Swollman# </a>. 1812742Swollman 18258787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17): 1832742Swollman# 18458787Sru# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. 1852742Swollman# 18658787Sru# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: 18730711Swollman# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 1882742Swollman# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 1892742Swollman# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 1902742Swollman# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 1912742Swollman# It actually just had one transition. 19230711Swollman# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 1932742Swollman# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 19417200Swollman# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 19517200Swollman# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 19617200Swollman# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 1972742Swollman# 19858787Sru# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks: 1992742Swollman# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 20030711Swollman# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 2012742Swollman# conform with Great Britain. 20258787Sru# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 20358787Sru# 20458787Sru# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful; 20558787Sru# we'll ignore it for now. 20617200Swollman# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 2072742Swollman# 20817200Swollman# 2092742Swollman# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. 2102742Swollman 21158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 21258787Sru# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 21358787Sru# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 21458787Sru# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 21558787Sru# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 21658787Sru# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 21758787Sru# and Frethun run in CT. 21858787Sru# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 21958787Sru# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 22058787Sru# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 22158787Sru# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 22258787Sru# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 22358787Sru# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 22458787Sru 22517200Swollman# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 22617200Swollman# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 22717200Swollman# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 22817200Swollman# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 22917200Swollman# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 23017200Swollman# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 23117200Swollman# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 23217200Swollman 2332742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23443014Swollman# Summer Time Act, 1916 2352742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 2362742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 23743014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 2382742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 2392742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 24043014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 2412742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 2422742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 24343014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 2442742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 2452742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 24643014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 2472742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 24843014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 2492742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 25043014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 2512742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 2522742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 25343014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 2542742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 25558787SruRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 25643014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1922 2572742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 2582742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 25943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 2602742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 26143014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1925 2622742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 26343014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 2642742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 26543014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 2662742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 26743014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 2682742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 26943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 2702742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 27143014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 2722742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 27343014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 27443014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 27543014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 27643014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 27743014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 27819878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 2792742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 28043014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 28119878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 28243014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 2832742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 28443014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 28543014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 28643014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 28743014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 28843014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 28943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 29043014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1947 2912742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 29219878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 2932742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 2942742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 29543014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 2962742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 29743014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 29843014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 2992742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 30043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 30143014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 30243014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 30343014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 30443014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 3052742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 30643014Swollman# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 30743014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 30843014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 30943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3102742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 31143014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3122742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 31343014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 31443014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 31543014Swollman# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 31643014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 3172742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 31843014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 31943014Swollman# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 32043014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 32143014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 3222742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 32343014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 32417200SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 32543014Swollman# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 32643014Swollman# (no summer time) 32743014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1972 3282742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 3292742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 33043014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 33143014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 33243014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 33343014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 3349908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 3359908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 33643014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 33743014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 33843014Swollman# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 3399908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 34043014Swollman# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 34117200Swollman# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 3422742Swollman 3432742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 34458787SruZone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 34517200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 34617200Swollman 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 3479908Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 34817200Swollman 0:00 EU GMT/BST 3492742SwollmanZone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 3502742Swollman -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT 35143014Swollman -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time 35217200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 35317200Swollman 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 3549908Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 35517200Swollman 0:00 EU GMT/BST 3562742SwollmanZone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 3572742Swollman -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT 35843014Swollman -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 35919878Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 36017200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 36117200Swollman 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 3622742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 36317200Swollman 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 3642742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 36517200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 36617200Swollman 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 36717200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 36817200Swollman 0:00 EU GMT/IST 3692742Swollman 3702742Swollman############################################################################### 3712742Swollman 3722742Swollman# Continental Europe 3732742Swollman 37417200Swollman# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 37517200Swollman# Common Market, etc. 3769908Swollman 3779908Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 37819878SwollmanRule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 37917200SwollmanRule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 38017200SwollmanRule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 38117200SwollmanRule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 38219878SwollmanRule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 38317200SwollmanRule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 3849908Swollman 38517200Swollman# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 38619878SwollmanRule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 3872742SwollmanRule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3882742SwollmanRule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 3899908SwollmanRule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 39019878SwollmanRule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3919908SwollmanRule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3922742Swollman 39319878Swollman# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 39419878Swollman# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 39519878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 39619878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 39719878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 39819878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 39919878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 40019878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 40119878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 40219878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 40319878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 4042742Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 40519878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 40619878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 40719878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 40819878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 40919878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 41019878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 41119878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 4122742Swollman 41320094Swollman# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 41420094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 41520094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 41620094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 41720094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 41820094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 41920094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 42020094Swollman 4212742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 42220094SwollmanRule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 42320094SwollmanRule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 42420094SwollmanRule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 42558787SruRule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 42620094SwollmanRule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 42720094SwollmanRule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 42820094SwollmanRule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 42920094SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 43043014SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 43120094SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 43220094SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 43343014Swollman# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 43420094SwollmanRule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 43520094SwollmanRule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 43643014Swollman# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 43743014Swollman# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 43820094SwollmanRule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 43920094SwollmanRule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 44043014Swollman# 44120094SwollmanRule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 44220094SwollmanRule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 44320094SwollmanRule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 44420094SwollmanRule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 44520094SwollmanRule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 4462742Swollman 4472742Swollman# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 4482742Swollman 4492742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 45019878SwollmanZone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 45119878SwollmanZone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 45219878SwollmanZone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 45319878SwollmanZone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 4542742Swollman 45519878Swollman# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 45619878Swollman# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 4572742Swollman 45819878Swollman# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12): 45919878Swollman# The official German names ... are 46019878Swollman# 46119878Swollman# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 46219878Swollman# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 46319878Swollman# 46419878Swollman# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 46519878Swollman# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 46619878Swollman# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 46719878Swollman# 46819878Swollman# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 46919878Swollman# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 47019878Swollman# Postfach 3345 47119878Swollman# D-38023 Braunschweig 47219878Swollman# phone: +49 531 592-0 47319878Swollman# 47419878Swollman# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 47519878Swollman# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 47619878Swollman# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 47719878Swollman# 47819878Swollman# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 47919878Swollman# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 4802742Swollman 48119878Swollman 4822742Swollman# Albania 4832742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 48419878SwollmanRule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 4852742SwollmanRule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 48619878SwollmanRule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 4872742SwollmanRule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 48819878SwollmanRule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 4892742SwollmanRule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 49019878SwollmanRule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 4912742SwollmanRule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 49219878SwollmanRule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 4932742SwollmanRule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 49419878SwollmanRule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 4952742SwollmanRule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 49619878SwollmanRule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 4972742SwollmanRule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 49819878SwollmanRule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 4992742SwollmanRule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 50019878SwollmanRule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 5012742SwollmanRule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 50219878SwollmanRule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 5032742SwollmanRule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 50419878SwollmanRule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 5052742SwollmanRule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 50619878SwollmanRule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 5072742SwollmanRule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 50819878SwollmanRule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 5092742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5102742SwollmanZone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 51119878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 51230711Swollman 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 51320094Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 5142742Swollman 5152742Swollman# Andorra 5162742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5172742SwollmanZone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 5182742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 51919878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 52019878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 5212742Swollman 5222742Swollman# Austria 5232742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 52419878SwollmanRule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 5252742SwollmanRule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 52619878SwollmanRule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 5272742SwollmanRule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 52819878SwollmanRule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 5292742SwollmanRule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 53019878SwollmanRule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 53119878SwollmanRule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 5322742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5332742SwollmanZone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr 53419878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00 53519878Swollman 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00 53619878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 53719878Swollman 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 53819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 5392742Swollman 5402742Swollman# Belarus 5412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5422742SwollmanZone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 54343014Swollman 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 5442742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 54543014Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 54643014Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 54758787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 54858787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 54919878Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 55058787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 55158787Sru 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 55220094Swollman 2:00 Russia EE%sT 5532742Swollman 5542742Swollman# Belgium 55530711Swollman# 55630711Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 55730711Swollman# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 55830711Swollman# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 55930711Swollman# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 56030711Swollman# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 56130711Swollman# pp 8-9. 56230711Swollman# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 56330711Swollman# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 56430711Swollman# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references. 56530711Swollman# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 56630711Swollman# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 56730711Swollman# 5682742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 56930711SwollmanRule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 57030711SwollmanRule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 57119878SwollmanRule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 57230711SwollmanRule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 5732742SwollmanRule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 57430711SwollmanRule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 5752742SwollmanRule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 57619878SwollmanRule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 57730711SwollmanRule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 57819878SwollmanRule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 57919878SwollmanRule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 58019878SwollmanRule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 58143543Swollman# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 58243543Swollman# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 58343543Swollman# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 58443543Swollman# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 58519878SwollmanRule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 58619878SwollmanRule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 58719878SwollmanRule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 58830711SwollmanRule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 58919878SwollmanRule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 59019878SwollmanRule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 59119878SwollmanRule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 59230711SwollmanRule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 59319878SwollmanRule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 59419878SwollmanRule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 59519878SwollmanRule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 59619878SwollmanRule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 59719878SwollmanRule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 59819878SwollmanRule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 59919878SwollmanRule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 6002742SwollmanRule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 60130711SwollmanRule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 60230711SwollmanRule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 60319878SwollmanRule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 6042742SwollmanRule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 60519878SwollmanRule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 6062742SwollmanRule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 6072742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 60830711SwollmanZone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 60930711Swollman 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 61030711Swollman 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 61130711Swollman 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 61230711Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 61330711Swollman 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 61430711Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 61519878Swollman 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 61619878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 6172742Swollman 6182742Swollman# Bosnia and Herzegovina 61943014Swollman# see Yugoslavia 6202742Swollman 6212742Swollman# Bulgaria 62258787Sru# 62358787Sru# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 62458787Sru# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 62558787Sru# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 62658787Sru# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 62758787Sru# 6282742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 62919878SwollmanRule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 6302742SwollmanRule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 63119878SwollmanRule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S 6322742SwollmanRule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 6332742SwollmanRule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 6342742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6352742SwollmanZone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 63619878Swollman 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 6372742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 63819878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 6392742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 64019878Swollman 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 64120094Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 64258787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 64358787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 6442742Swollman 6452742Swollman# Croatia 64643014Swollman# see Yugosloavia 6472742Swollman 6482742Swollman# Czech Republic 6492742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65019878SwollmanRule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 6512742SwollmanRule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 65219878SwollmanRule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 6532742SwollmanRule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 65419878SwollmanRule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 65519878SwollmanRule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 65619878SwollmanRule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 6572742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6582742SwollmanZone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 65919878Swollman 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 66019878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 66119878Swollman 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 66219878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 6632742Swollman 66443014Swollman# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland 6652742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 66619878SwollmanRule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 6672742SwollmanRule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 66819878SwollmanRule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 66919878SwollmanRule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 6702742SwollmanRule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 67119878SwollmanRule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 6722742SwollmanRule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 67319878SwollmanRule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 6742742SwollmanRule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 67519878SwollmanRule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 6762742SwollmanRule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 6772742Swollman# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways 6782742Swollman# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks. 6792742Swollman# 6802742Swollman# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman. 6812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6822742SwollmanZone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 68319878Swollman 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time 68419878Swollman 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 68519878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 68619878Swollman 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 68719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 6882742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 6899908Swollman 0:00 - WET 1981 69019878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 69120094Swollman# 69220094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 69320094Swollman# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 69420094Swollman# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 69520094Swollman# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab 69620094Swollman# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 69720094Swollman# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 69820094Swollman 69920094Swollman# 70020094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 70120094SwollmanRule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 70220094SwollmanRule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 70320094Swollman# 70420094Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 70520094SwollmanZone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit 70619878Swollman -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 70719878Swollman -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 70820094Swollman -1:00 EU EG%sT 70920094SwollmanZone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 7102742Swollman -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 71120094Swollman -3:00 EU WG%sT 71220094SwollmanZone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik 71320094Swollman -4:00 Thule A%sT 7142742Swollman 7152742Swollman# Estonia 7169908Swollman# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15): 7179908Swollman# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 7189908Swollman# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 7199908Swollman# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 72020094Swollman# 72120094Swollman# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28): 72220094Swollman# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 72320094Swollman# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 72420094Swollman# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 72520094Swollman# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 72620094Swollman# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 72720094Swollman# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 72820094Swollman# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 72920094Swollman# summer time next spring.'' 73043543Swollman 73143543Swollman# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 73243543Swollman# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 73343543Swollman# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 73443543Swollman# </a> 73543543Swollman# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 73643543Swollman# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 73743543Swollman# 73843543Swollman# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 73943543Swollman# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 74043543Swollman# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 74143543Swollman 74258787Sru# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 74358787Sru# via Steffen Thorsen: 74458787Sru# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 74558787Sru# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 74658787Sru# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 74758787Sru# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 74858787Sru# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 74958787Sru# after that. 75058787Sru 75158787Sru# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 75258787Sru# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 75358787Sru# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 75458787Sru# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 75558787Sru 7562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7572742SwollmanZone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 75819878Swollman 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 75919878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 76019878Swollman 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 7612742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 76220094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 76319878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 76420094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 76519878Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 76643543Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 76758787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 76858787Sru 2:00 - EET 7692742Swollman 7702742Swollman# Finland 7719908Swollman# 7729908Swollman# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): 7739908Swollman# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 7749908Swollman# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 7759908Swollman# 7769908Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994): 7779908Swollman# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981. 7789908Swollman# Go with Strang instead. 7799908Swollman# 7802742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 78119878SwollmanRule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 7822742SwollmanRule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 7832742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7842742SwollmanZone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 78519878Swollman 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 78619878Swollman 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 78719878Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 7882742Swollman 7892742Swollman# France 79019878Swollman# 7912742Swollman# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. 7922742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 79319878SwollmanRule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 79443014SwollmanRule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 79519878SwollmanRule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 79619878SwollmanRule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 79719878SwollmanRule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 79819878SwollmanRule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 7992742SwollmanRule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 80019878SwollmanRule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 8012742SwollmanRule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 80219878SwollmanRule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 80343543Swollman# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 80443543Swollman# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 80543543Swollman# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks. 8062742SwollmanRule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 80719878SwollmanRule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 80819878SwollmanRule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 80919878SwollmanRule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 81019878SwollmanRule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 81119878SwollmanRule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 81219878SwollmanRule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 81319878SwollmanRule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 81419878SwollmanRule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 81519878SwollmanRule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 81619878SwollmanRule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 81719878SwollmanRule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 81819878SwollmanRule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 81919878SwollmanRule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 82019878SwollmanRule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 82119878SwollmanRule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 82219878SwollmanRule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 82319878SwollmanRule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 8242742SwollmanRule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 82519878SwollmanRule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 8262742Swollman# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, 8272742Swollman# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco). 82843014SwollmanRule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 82943014Swollman# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 83043014Swollman# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12), 83143014Swollman# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 83243014Swollman# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 83343014SwollmanRule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 83443014SwollmanRule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 83519878SwollmanRule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 83643014SwollmanRule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 83743014SwollmanRule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 83843014SwollmanRule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 83919878SwollmanRule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 84043014SwollmanRule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 8412742SwollmanRule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 84243014Swollman# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 84343014Swollman# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 84443014SwollmanRule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 84543014SwollmanRule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 84614343Swollman# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05, 84714343Swollman# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 84814343Swollman# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 84914343Swollman# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 8502742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 85143014SwollmanZone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 85214343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 85343014Swollman# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT. 85443014Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 85519878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 85643014Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 85719878Swollman 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 85819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 8592742Swollman 86019878Swollman# Germany 8618049Swollman 86243014Swollman# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29): 86343014Swollman# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 86443014Swollman# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 86543014Swollman# 86643014Swollman# <a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm"> 86743014Swollman# Realisation of Legal Time in Germany 86843014Swollman# </a> 86943014Swollman 8702742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 87119878SwollmanRule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 87243014Swollman# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes 87343014Swollman# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem) 87443014Swollman# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times. 87543014SwollmanRule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 87643014SwollmanRule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S 8772742SwollmanRule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 87819878SwollmanRule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 87943014SwollmanRule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 88043014SwollmanRule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 88119878SwollmanRule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 88243014Swollman# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times; 88343014Swollman# go with Shanks. 88443014SwollmanRule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 88519878SwollmanRule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 88619878SwollmanRule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 88719878SwollmanRule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 8882742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8892742SwollmanZone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 89019878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 89119878Swollman 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 89219878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 8932742Swollman 8942742Swollman# Gibraltar 8952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8962742SwollmanZone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 8972742Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 89819878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1982 89919878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 9002742Swollman 9012742Swollman# Greece 9022742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 9032742Swollman# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks. 90419878SwollmanRule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 9052742SwollmanRule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 9062742Swollman# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks. 90719878SwollmanRule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 9082742Swollman# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks. 9092742SwollmanRule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 91019878SwollmanRule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 9112742SwollmanRule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 9122742Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks. 91319878SwollmanRule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 9142742SwollmanRule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 91519878SwollmanRule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 9162742SwollmanRule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 91719878SwollmanRule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 9182742SwollmanRule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 91919878SwollmanRule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 9202742SwollmanRule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 9212742SwollmanRule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 92219878SwollmanRule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 9232742SwollmanRule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 92419878SwollmanRule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 9252742SwollmanRule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 9262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 9272742SwollmanZone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 92819878Swollman 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 92919878Swollman 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 93019878Swollman 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 93119878Swollman 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 93219878Swollman # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; 93321217Swollman # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 93419878Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 9352742Swollman 9362742Swollman# Hungary 9372742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 93819878SwollmanRule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 93917200SwollmanRule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 94019878SwollmanRule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 9412742SwollmanRule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 94219878SwollmanRule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 9432742SwollmanRule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 94419878SwollmanRule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 9452742SwollmanRule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 94619878SwollmanRule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 9472742SwollmanRule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 94819878SwollmanRule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 94919878SwollmanRule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 9502742SwollmanRule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 95119878SwollmanRule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 9522742SwollmanRule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 95319878SwollmanRule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 9542742SwollmanRule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 95519878SwollmanRule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 9562742SwollmanRule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 95719878SwollmanRule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 9582742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 9592742SwollmanZone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 96019878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 96119878Swollman 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 96219878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00 96319878Swollman 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 96419878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 9652742Swollman 9662742Swollman# Iceland 9672742Swollman# 96819878Swollman# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06): 9692742Swollman# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 9702742Swollman# 97119878Swollman# (1993-12-05): 9722742Swollman# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 9732742Swollman# Iceland Almanak. 9742742Swollman# 9752742Swollman# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 9762742Swollman# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 9772742Swollman# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 9782742Swollman# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 9792742Swollman# 9802742Swollman# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 9812742Swollman# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 9822742Swollman# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 9832742Swollman# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 9842742Swollman# 98519878Swollman# (1993-12-10): 9862742Swollman# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 9872742Swollman# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 9882742Swollman# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 9892742Swollman# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 9902742Swollman# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 9912742Swollman# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 9922742Swollman# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 99319878Swollman# might mean something else (???). 9942742Swollman# 99558787Sru# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 9962742Swollman# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. 9972742Swollman# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that 99858787Sru# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 9992742Swollman# 10002742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 100119878SwollmanRule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 100219878SwollmanRule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 100319878SwollmanRule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 100419878SwollmanRule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 100519878SwollmanRule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 100619878SwollmanRule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 100719878SwollmanRule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 100819878SwollmanRule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 100919878SwollmanRule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 101019878SwollmanRule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 101119878SwollmanRule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 10122742Swollman# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 101319878SwollmanRule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 101419878SwollmanRule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 10152742Swollman# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 101619878SwollmanRule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 10172742Swollman# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 101819878SwollmanRule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 101919878SwollmanRule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 102019878SwollmanRule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 10212742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10222742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 102319878Swollman -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 102419878Swollman -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 10252742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 10262742Swollman 10272742Swollman# Italy 102819878Swollman# 102917200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): 103017200Swollman# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri 103143014Swollman# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html"> 103243014Swollman# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14) 103343014Swollman# </a> 103443014Swollman# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 103543014Swollman# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 103617200Swollman# 103717200Swollman# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 103817200Swollman# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 103917200Swollman# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 104017200Swollman# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 104117200Swollman# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 104217200Swollman# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 104317200Swollman# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 104417200Swollman# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 104517200Swollman# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 104617200Swollman# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 104717200Swollman# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 104819878Swollman# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 104917200Swollman# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 105017200Swollman# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 105117200Swollman# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 105217200Swollman# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 105317200Swollman# 10542742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 105519878SwollmanRule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 105617200SwollmanRule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 105719878SwollmanRule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 10582742SwollmanRule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 105919878SwollmanRule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 10602742SwollmanRule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 106119878SwollmanRule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 106219878SwollmanRule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 106317200SwollmanRule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 106419878SwollmanRule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 106517200SwollmanRule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 106619878SwollmanRule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 106717200SwollmanRule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 106819878SwollmanRule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 10692742SwollmanRule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 107019878SwollmanRule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 10712742SwollmanRule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 107219878SwollmanRule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 10732742SwollmanRule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 107419878SwollmanRule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 10752742SwollmanRule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 107619878SwollmanRule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 107719878SwollmanRule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 10782742SwollmanRule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 107919878SwollmanRule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 10802742SwollmanRule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 10812742SwollmanRule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 108219878SwollmanRule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 10832742SwollmanRule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 108419878SwollmanRule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 108519878SwollmanRule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 10862742SwollmanRule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 108719878SwollmanRule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 108819878SwollmanRule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 10892742SwollmanRule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 10902742SwollmanRule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 10912742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10922742SwollmanZone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 109319878Swollman 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time 109419878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 109519878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 109619878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 109719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 10982742Swollman 10999908SwollmanLink Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 11009908SwollmanLink Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 11019908Swollman 11022742Swollman# Latvia 110343014Swollman 110443014Swollman# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17): 110543014Swollman 110643014Swollman# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 110743014Swollman# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 110843014Swollman# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 110943014Swollman# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 111043014Swollman# 111143014Swollman# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 111243014Swollman# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 111343014Swollman# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 111443014Swollman# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 111543014Swollman# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 111643014Swollman# 111743014Swollman# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 111843014Swollman# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 111943014Swollman# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 112043014Swollman# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 112143014Swollman# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 112243014Swollman# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 112343014Swollman# 112443014Swollman# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 112543014Swollman# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 112643014Swollman# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 112743014Swollman# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 112843014Swollman# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 112943014Swollman# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 113043014Swollman# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 113143014Swollman# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 113243014Swollman# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 113343014Swollman# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 113443014Swollman# 113543014Swollman# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 113643014Swollman# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 113743014Swollman# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 113843014Swollman 113958787Sru# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 114058787Sru# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 114158787Sru# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 114258787Sru# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 114358787Sru# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 114458787Sru 114520094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 114643014SwollmanRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 114743014SwollmanRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11482742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11492742SwollmanZone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 115019878Swollman 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 115119878Swollman 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 115219878Swollman 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 115319878Swollman 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 115419878Swollman 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 11552742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 115620094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 115743014Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 115843014Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 115943014Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 116043014Swollman 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 116158787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 116258787Sru 2:00 - EET 11632742Swollman 11642742Swollman# Liechtenstein 11652742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11662742SwollmanZone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 116719878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1981 116819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 11692742Swollman 11702742Swollman# Lithuania 117158787Sru 117258787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 117358787Sru# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 117458787Sru# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 117558787Sru 117658787Sru# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07): 117758787Sru# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 117858787Sru# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 117958787Sru 118058787Sru# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 118158787Sru# via Steffen Thorsen: 118258787Sru# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 118358787Sru# to be valid here starting from October 31, 118458787Sru# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 118558787Sru# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 118658787Sru# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 118758787Sru# already done by Estonia. 118858787Sru 11892742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11902742SwollmanZone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 119119878Swollman 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 119219878Swollman 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 119319878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 11942742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 119519878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 119620094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 119719878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 119820094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 119919878Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 120043014Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 120143014Swollman 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 120258787Sru 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 120358787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 12042742Swollman 12052742Swollman# Luxembourg 12062742Swollman# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. 12072742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 120819878SwollmanRule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 12092742SwollmanRule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 121019878SwollmanRule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 12112742SwollmanRule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 121219878SwollmanRule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 12132742SwollmanRule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 121419878SwollmanRule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 12152742SwollmanRule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 121619878SwollmanRule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 12172742SwollmanRule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 121819878SwollmanRule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 12192742SwollmanRule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 122019878SwollmanRule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 12212742SwollmanRule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 122219878SwollmanRule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 12232742SwollmanRule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 122419878SwollmanRule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 12252742SwollmanRule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 122619878SwollmanRule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 122719878SwollmanRule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 122819878SwollmanRule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 122919878SwollmanRule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 123019878SwollmanRule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 12312742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12322742SwollmanZone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 123319878Swollman 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 123419878Swollman 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 123519878Swollman 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 123619878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 123719878Swollman 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 123819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 12392742Swollman 12402742Swollman# Macedonia 124143014Swollman# see Yugoslavia 12422742Swollman 12432742Swollman# Malta 12442742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 124519878SwollmanRule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 12462742SwollmanRule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 124719878SwollmanRule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 12482742SwollmanRule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 124919878SwollmanRule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 12502742SwollmanRule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 125119878SwollmanRule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 12522742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12532742SwollmanZone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta 125419878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 125519878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 125619878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 125719878Swollman 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 125819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 12592742Swollman 12602742Swollman# Moldova 12612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 126258787SruZone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 126358787Sru 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 126458787Sru 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 126558787Sru 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 126658787Sru 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 126758787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 126858787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 126958787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 127058787Sru 2:00 - EET 1991 127158787Sru 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 127258787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 127358787Sru# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 127458787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 127558787SruZone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880 127658787Sru 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 127758787Sru 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 127858787Sru 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 127958787Sru 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 128058787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 128158787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 128258787Sru 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 128358787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 12842742Swollman 12852742Swollman# Monaco 128614343Swollman# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. 12872742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12882742SwollmanZone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 128914343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 129019878Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 129119878Swollman 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 129219878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 12932742Swollman 12942742Swollman# Netherlands 129514343Swollman# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 129614343Swollman# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 12972742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 129858787Sru# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman. 129919878SwollmanRule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 130019878SwollmanRule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 13012742SwollmanRule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 13022742SwollmanRule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 13032742Swollman# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks. 13042742SwollmanRule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 13052742SwollmanRule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT 13062742SwollmanRule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST 13072742Swollman# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 130819878SwollmanRule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 13092742SwollmanRule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST 13102742SwollmanRule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST 13112742Swollman# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks. 13122742SwollmanRule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST 13132742Swollman# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks. 13142742SwollmanRule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 13152742SwollmanRule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 13162742SwollmanRule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 13172742SwollmanRule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 131819878SwollmanRule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 131919878SwollmanRule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 13202742Swollman# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks. 132119878SwollmanRule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 132219878SwollmanRule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 13239908SwollmanRule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 - 13242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13252742SwollmanZone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May 13262742Swollman 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul 132719878Swollman 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40 132819878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 132919878Swollman 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 133019878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 13312742Swollman 13322742Swollman# Norway 13332742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 13342742Swollman# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. 133519878SwollmanRule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 13362742SwollmanRule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 133743543Swollman# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04, 133843543Swollman# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks. 133919878SwollmanRule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 13402742SwollmanRule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 134119878SwollmanRule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 13422742SwollmanRule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 134319878SwollmanRule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 13442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13452742SwollmanZone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 134619878Swollman 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 134719878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 134819878Swollman 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 134919878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 135043014Swollman 135143014Swollman# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 135219878SwollmanLink Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 13532742Swollman# From Whitman: 13542742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13552742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT 13562742Swollman 13572742Swollman# Poland 13582742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 13592742SwollmanRule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 136019878SwollmanRule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 13612742Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. 13622742SwollmanRule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 13632742Swollman# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. 136419878SwollmanRule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 13652742SwollmanRule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 136619878SwollmanRule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S 13672742SwollmanRule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 - 136819878SwollmanRule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 13692742SwollmanRule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 137019878SwollmanRule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 13712742Swollman# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 137219878SwollmanRule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 13732742SwollmanRule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 137419878SwollmanRule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 137519878SwollmanRule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 13762742SwollmanRule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 137719878SwollmanRule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 137819878SwollmanRule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S 13792742SwollmanRule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 13802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13812742SwollmanZone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 138219878Swollman 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 138319878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 138419878Swollman 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 138519878Swollman 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 138619878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 138719878Swollman 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 138858787Sru 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999 138920094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ 139058787Sru# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml"> 139158787Sru# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24) 139243014Swollman# </a> 139343014Swollman# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. 139420094Swollman# Stick with W-Eur for now. 139558787Sru# 139658787Sru# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10): 139758787Sru# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would 139858787Sru# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not 139958787Sru# worth further discussion. 140058787Sru# 140158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10): 140258787Sru# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997 140358787Sru# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to 140458787Sru# EU rules in 1999. 140558787Sru 1:00 EU CE%sT 14062742Swollman 14072742Swollman# Portugal 140820094Swollman# 140920094Swollman# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): 141020094Swollman# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 141120094Swollman# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 141220094Swollman# 141320094Swollman# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 141420094Swollman# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 141520094Swollman# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 141620094Swollman# 141720094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 141820094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 141920094Swollman# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 142020094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 142120094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 142220094Swollman# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 142320094Swollman# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 142420094Swollman# 14252742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 142643543Swollman# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 142743543Swollman# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 142843543Swollman# Go with Shanks. 142919878SwollmanRule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 14302742Swollman# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. 14312742SwollmanRule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 143219878SwollmanRule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 14332742SwollmanRule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 143419878SwollmanRule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 143519878SwollmanRule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 143619878SwollmanRule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 143719878SwollmanRule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 143819878SwollmanRule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 14392742SwollmanRule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 144019878SwollmanRule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 14412742SwollmanRule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 144219878SwollmanRule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 144319878SwollmanRule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 144419878SwollmanRule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 144519878SwollmanRule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 14462742Swollman# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks. 14472742SwollmanRule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 144819878SwollmanRule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 14492742Swollman# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman. 145019878SwollmanRule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 14512742Swollman# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks. 14522742SwollmanRule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 14532742Swollman# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 145419878SwollmanRule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 145519878SwollmanRule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 14562742Swollman# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks. 145719878SwollmanRule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 145819878SwollmanRule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 145919878SwollmanRule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 14602742Swollman# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 14612742SwollmanRule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 146219878SwollmanRule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 14632742Swollman# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 14642742SwollmanRule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 146519878SwollmanRule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 146619878SwollmanRule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 146743014SwollmanRule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 146819878SwollmanRule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 14692742SwollmanRule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 147043014SwollmanRule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 147119878SwollmanRule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 147243014SwollmanRule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 147319878SwollmanRule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 14742742SwollmanRule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 147519878SwollmanRule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 14762742SwollmanRule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 14772742Swollman# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 14782742Swollman# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks. 147919878SwollmanRule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 14802742SwollmanRule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 148119878SwollmanRule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 14822742SwollmanRule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 148319878SwollmanRule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 14842742SwollmanRule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 14852742SwollmanRule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 148619878SwollmanRule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 148719878SwollmanRule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 148819878SwollmanRule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 14892742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 14902742SwollmanZone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 149119878Swollman -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time 149219878Swollman 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 149319878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 149419878Swollman 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 149520094Swollman 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 149619878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 149719878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 14982742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 14992742Swollman -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 150019878Swollman -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 150119878Swollman -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 150220094Swollman -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 150320094Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 150420094Swollman -1:00 EU AZO%sT 15052742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 15062742Swollman -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 150719878Swollman -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 150819878Swollman 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 150919878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 15102742Swollman 15112742Swollman# Romania 151258787Sru# 151358787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 151458787Sru# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 151558787Sru# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 151658787Sru# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 151758787Sru# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 151858787Sru# the same year as Bulgaria. 151958787Sru# 15202742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 152119878SwollmanRule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 15222742SwollmanRule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 152319878SwollmanRule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 152419878SwollmanRule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 15252742SwollmanRule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 152619878SwollmanRule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 15272742SwollmanRule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 152820094SwollmanRule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 152920094SwollmanRule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 15302742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15312742SwollmanZone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 153219878Swollman 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 153319878Swollman 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 153420094Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 153520094Swollman 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 153658787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 153758787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 15382742Swollman 15392742Swollman# Russia 154021217Swollman 154158787Sru# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): 154258787Sru# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 154320094Swollman# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 154458787Sru# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow 154558787Sru# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 15462742Swollman# 154720094Swollman# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): 154820094Swollman# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 154920094Swollman# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 155020094Swollman# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 155120094Swollman# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 155220094Swollman# 155320094Swollman# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): 155420094Swollman# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 155520094Swollman# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 155620094Swollman# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 155720094Swollman# 15582742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 155920094SwollmanZone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 156020094Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 156158787Sru 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 156220094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 156320094Swollman 2:00 Russia EE%sT 15642742SwollmanZone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 156558787Sru 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 156658787Sru 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 156720094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 15682742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 156920094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 157058787Sru 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 157120094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 157258787SruZone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 157358787Sru 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev 157458787Sru 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 157558787Sru 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 157658787Sru 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 157758787Sru 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 157858787Sru 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time 157958787SruZone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 158058787Sru 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 158143766Sbde 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 158258787Sru 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 158343766Sbde 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time 158458787SruZone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 158558787Sru 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 158643766Sbde 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 158758787Sru 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 158843766Sbde 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 158919878Swollman# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): 15902742Swollman# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 15912742Swollman# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 15922742Swollman# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 15932742Swollman# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 159458787SruZone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 159558787Sru 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 159643766Sbde 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 159758787Sru 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 159858787Sru 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks 159943766Sbde 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 160058787SruZone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 160158787Sru 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 160243766Sbde 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 160358787Sru 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 160443766Sbde 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 16052742SwollmanZone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 160658787Sru 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 160758787Sru 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 160843766Sbde 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 160958787Sru 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 161043766Sbde 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 161158787SruZone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 161258787Sru 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 161343766Sbde 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 161458787Sru 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 161543766Sbde 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 161658787SruZone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 161758787Sru 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 161843766Sbde 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 161958787Sru 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 162043766Sbde 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 16212742SwollmanZone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 162258787Sru 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 162343766Sbde 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 162458787Sru 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 162543766Sbde 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 16262742Swollman# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 162758787SruZone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 162858787Sru 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 162943766Sbde 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 163058787Sru 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 163143766Sbde 12:00 Russia PET%sT 16322742SwollmanZone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 163358787Sru 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 163458787Sru 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 163558787Sru 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 163658787Sru 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 163758787Sru 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 16382742Swollman 163914343Swollman# Slovakia 164014343SwollmanLink Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 16419908Swollman 16422742Swollman# Slovenia 164343014Swollman# see Yugoslavia 16442742Swollman 16452742Swollman# Spain 16462742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16472742Swollman# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. 164819878SwollmanRule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 16492742SwollmanRule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 165019878SwollmanRule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 165119878SwollmanRule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 16522742Swollman# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. 165319878SwollmanRule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 16542742Swollman# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks. 16552742SwollmanRule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 165619878SwollmanRule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 16572742Swollman# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks. 16582742SwollmanRule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 165919878SwollmanRule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 166019878SwollmanRule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 166119878SwollmanRule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 16622742Swollman# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks. 166319878SwollmanRule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 16642742SwollmanRule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 166519878SwollmanRule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 166619878SwollmanRule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 166719878SwollmanRule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 16682742Swollman# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks. 166943014SwollmanRule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 167019878SwollmanRule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 167143014SwollmanRule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 167219878SwollmanRule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 167319878SwollmanRule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 167419878SwollmanRule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 167514343SwollmanRule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 167619878SwollmanRule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 16772742SwollmanRule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 167819878SwollmanRule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 16792742SwollmanRule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 168019878SwollmanRule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 16812742SwollmanRule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 168219878SwollmanRule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 16832742SwollmanRule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 168419878Swollman# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 168519878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 168619878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 168719878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 168819878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 168919878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 169019878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 169119878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 169219878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 169319878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 16942742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 16952742SwollmanZone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 169619878Swollman 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 169719878Swollman 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 169819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 169919878SwollmanZone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 170019878Swollman 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 170119878Swollman 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 170219878Swollman 0:00 - WET 1924 170319878Swollman 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 170419878Swollman 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 170519878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1986 170619878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 17072742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 170819878Swollman -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 17092742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 171019878Swollman 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 171119878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 171220094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 171320094Swollman# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 17142742Swollman 171519878Swollman# Sweden 17162742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 17172742SwollmanZone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 171819878Swollman 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT 171919878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s 172019878Swollman 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s 172119878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1980 172219878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 17232742Swollman 17242742Swollman# Switzerland 172558787Sru# From Howse: 17262742Swollman# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 17272742Swollman# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 17282742Swollman# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 17292742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17302742Swollman# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): 173119878SwollmanRule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 17329908SwollmanRule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 173358787Sru# From Shanks: 173419878SwollmanRule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 17359908SwollmanRule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 17362742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 17372742SwollmanZone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 173819878Swollman 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 173919878Swollman 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 174019878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 17412742Swollman 17422742Swollman# Turkey 17432742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 174419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 17452742SwollmanRule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 174619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 17472742SwollmanRule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 174819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 17492742SwollmanRule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 175019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 17512742SwollmanRule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 17522742Swollman# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. 175319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 17542742SwollmanRule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 175519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 175619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 17572742SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 175819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 17592742SwollmanRule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 176019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 17612742Swollman# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 17622742SwollmanRule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 176319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 17642742SwollmanRule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 176519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 17662742SwollmanRule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 176719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 17682742SwollmanRule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 176919878SwollmanRule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 177019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 177119878SwollmanRule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 17722742SwollmanRule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 177319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 17742742SwollmanRule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 177519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 17762742SwollmanRule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 177719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 17782742SwollmanRule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 177919878SwollmanRule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 17802742SwollmanRule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 178119878SwollmanRule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 17822742SwollmanRule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 178319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 17842742SwollmanRule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 178519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 178619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 17872742SwollmanRule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 178819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 17892742SwollmanRule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 179019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 179119878SwollmanRule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 17922742SwollmanRule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 179319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 17942742SwollmanRule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 17952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 17962742SwollmanZone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 179719878Swollman 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 179819878Swollman 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 179919878Swollman 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 180019878Swollman 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 180120094Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 180220094Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 18032742SwollmanLink Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 18042742Swollman 18052742Swollman# Ukraine 18062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180758787Sru# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 18082742SwollmanZone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 180958787Sru 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 18102742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 181158787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 181258787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 181358787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 181458787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 181558787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 181658787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 181720094Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 181858787Sru# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 181958787SruZone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 182058787Sru 1:00 - CET 1940 182158787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 182258787Sru 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 182358787Sru 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 182458787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 182558787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 182658787Sru 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 182758787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 182858787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 182958787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 183058787Sru# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 183158787Sru# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes. 183258787SruZone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 183358787Sru 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 183458787Sru 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 183558787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 183658787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 183758787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 183858787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 183958787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 184058787Sru# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 18412742SwollmanZone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 184258787Sru 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 18432742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 184458787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 184558787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 184658787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 184758787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 184858787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 184958787Sru# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): 185058787Sru# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 185120094Swollman# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 185258787Sru# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened 185358787Sru# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May. 185458787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 185543014Swollman# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 185658787Sru 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 185758787Sru 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 185843014Swollman# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 185943014Swollman# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 186058787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 186143014Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 18622742Swollman 186314343Swollman# Yugoslavia 186414343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 186514343SwollmanZone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 186619878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 186719878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 186819878Swollman 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 186930711Swollman# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of 187030711Swollman# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 187130711Swollman# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 187230711Swollman 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 187319878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 187443014SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 187543014SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 187643014SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 187743014SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 187814343Swollman 18792742Swollman############################################################################### 18802742Swollman 18812742Swollman# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 18822742Swollman# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 18832742Swollman# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 18842742Swollman# 18852742Swollman# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 18862742Swollman# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 18872742Swollman# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 18882742Swollman# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 18892742Swollman# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 18902742Swollman# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 18912742Swollman 18922742Swollman# ... 18932742Swollman# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 18942742Swollman# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann) 18952742Swollman# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp> 18962742Swollman# ... 18972742Swollman# 18982742Swollman# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 18992742Swollman# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 19002742Swollman# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 19012742Swollman# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 19022742Swollman# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 19032742Swollman# years... 19042742Swollman# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 19052742Swollman# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 19062742Swollman# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 19072742Swollman# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 19082742Swollman# 19092742Swollman# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 19102742Swollman# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 19112742Swollman# 19122742Swollman# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 19132742Swollman# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 19142742Swollman# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho 19152742Swollman 19162742Swollman# ... 19172742Swollman# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 19182742Swollman# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter) 19192742Swollman# ... 19202742Swollman# 19212742Swollman# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 19222742Swollman# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 19232742Swollman# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 19242742Swollman# 19252742Swollman# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 19262742Swollman# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 19272742Swollman# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 19282742Swollman# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 19292742Swollman# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 19302742Swollman# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 19312742Swollman# dates... 19322742Swollman# 19332742Swollman# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 19342742Swollman# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 19352742Swollman# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 19362742Swollman# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 19372742Swollman# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 19382742Swollman# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 19392742Swollman# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 19402742Swollman# in advance of normal time. 19412742Swollman# 19422742Swollman# ... 19432742Swollman# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 19442742Swollman# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl 19452742Swollman# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax 19462742Swollman 194719878Swollman# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 19482742Swollman# ... 19492742Swollman# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 19502742Swollman# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 19512742Swollman# ... 19522742Swollman# Monaco: has same DST as France. 19532742Swollman# ... 1954