europe revision 267489
1153761Swollman# <pre> 2192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 464499Swollman 52742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 62742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7243020Sedwin# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 82742Swollman 9267489Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31): 102742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 12158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 132742Swollman# 1486222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 1520094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 1620094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1720094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 1820094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 1920094Swollman# 20267489Sedwin# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 21267489Sedwin# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 22267489Sedwin# 23158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 24158421Swollman# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 2520094Swollman# 2643543Swollman# Other sources occasionally used include: 272742Swollman# 2843543Swollman# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 2943543Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 3043543Swollman# which I found in the UCLA library. 3143543Swollman# 32121098Swollman# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 33267489Sedwin# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> 34267489Sedwin# [PDF] (1914-03) 35121098Swollman# 36248310Sedwin# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 37248310Sedwin# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 38248310Sedwin# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 39248310Sedwin# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 40248310Sedwin# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 41248310Sedwin# 4243543Swollman# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 4343543Swollman# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 4443543Swollman# History of Summer Time 4543543Swollman# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 4643543Swollman 4743543Swollman# 48257682Sedwin# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 492742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 5019878Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 51114173Swollman# std dst 2dst 52114173Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 53114173Swollman# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 54114173Swollman# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 55114173Swollman# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 56114173Swollman# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 57114173Swollman# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 58114173Swollman# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 59114173Swollman# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 60114173Swollman# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 61114173Swollman# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 62114173Swollman# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 63114173Swollman# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 64267489Sedwin# 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow 652742Swollman 66149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 6714343Swollman# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 689908Swollman# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 699908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 709908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 719908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 729908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 739908Swollman# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 749908Swollman# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 759908Swollman# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 769908Swollman# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 779908Swollman# ... 7814343Swollman# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 7914343Swollman# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 809908Swollman# ... 819908Swollman# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 829908Swollman# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 839908Swollman# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 849908Swollman# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 859908Swollman# in the Directive. 869908Swollman 8719878Swollman 882742Swollman############################################################################### 892742Swollman 9043014Swollman# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 912742Swollman 92149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 932742Swollman# 942742Swollman# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 952742Swollman# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 962742Swollman# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 972742Swollman# of the text said: 982742Swollman# 99257682Sedwin# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 10021217Swollman# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 1012742Swollman# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 1022742Swollman# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 1032742Swollman# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 1042742Swollman# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 1052742Swollman# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 1062742Swollman# 1072742Swollman# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 10821217Swollman# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 1092742Swollman# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 1102742Swollman# 1112742Swollman# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 1122742Swollman 113149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 1142742Swollman# 1152742Swollman# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 1162742Swollman# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 1172742Swollman# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 11858787Sru# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 11958787Sru# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 1202742Swollman# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 1212742Swollman# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 12258787Sru# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 1232742Swollman# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 12458787Sru# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 12558787Sru# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 12658787Sru# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 1272742Swollman# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 12858787Sru# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 12958787Sru# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 1302742Swollman# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 1312742Swollman# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 1322742Swollman# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 1332742Swollman# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 13458787Sru# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 1352742Swollman# 1362742Swollman# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 13758787Sru# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 13858787Sru# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 1392742Swollman 140136638Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): 14117200Swollman# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 14243543Swollman# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 143257682Sedwin# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) 14417200Swollman# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 14517200Swollman# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 14617200Swollman# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 14717200Swollman# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 148121098Swollman# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 149121098Swollman# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 150121098Swollman# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 151121098Swollman# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 152136638Swollman# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 153121098Swollman# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 154221092Sedwin# designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial, 155121098Swollman# which is permanently set to Summer Time. 15617200Swollman 157121098Swollman# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 158121098Swollman# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 159121098Swollman# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 160121098Swollman# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 161121098Swollman# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 162121098Swollman# foundations of civilization throughout the world. 163121098Swollman# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> 164121098Swollman# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly 165121098Swollman# </a> 166121098Swollman 16719878Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 168257682Sedwin# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" 16919878Swollman# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 17019878Swollman# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 171257682Sedwin# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". 17219878Swollman 17319878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 1742742Swollman# 1752742Swollman# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 1762742Swollman# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 1772742Swollman 1782742Swollman# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 179149514Swollman# From: Jonathan Leffler 1802742Swollman# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 1812742Swollman# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 1822742Swollman# politics making a fortune, not computing. 1832742Swollman 184149514Swollman# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 18543014Swollman# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 18643014Swollman# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 18743014Swollman# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 18843014Swollman# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 18943014Swollman 19058787Sru# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 19158787Sru# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 19258787Sru# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 19358787Sru# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 1942742Swollman 19575267Swollman# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 19667578Swollman# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 19767578Swollman# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 19867578Swollman# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 19967578Swollman# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 20067578Swollman# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 20175267Swollman# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 20267578Swollman# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png 20358787Sru 20467578Swollman# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 20567578Swollman# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 20667578Swollman# which is to be introduced in May.... 20767578Swollman# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 20867578Swollman# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 20967578Swollman 21067578Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 211257682Sedwin# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common 21267578Swollman# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 213257682Sedwin# so we use 'BDST'. 21467578Swollman 215149514Swollman# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 21658787Sru# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 217149514Swollman# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 21858787Sru# and extending this list, which can be found in 219233447Sedwin# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ 220233447Sedwin# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> 22158787Sru# History of legal time in Britain 22293799Swollman# </a> 223233447Sedwin# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer 224233447Sedwin# exists, and the article can now be found at: 225233447Sedwin# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> 226233447Sedwin# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 227233447Sedwin# </a> 22858787Sru 229149514Swollman# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 23043014Swollman# 23143014Swollman# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 23243014Swollman# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 23343014Swollman# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 23443014Swollman# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 23543014Swollman# </a>. 2362742Swollman 237158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2382742Swollman# 239158421Swollman# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 2402742Swollman# 241158421Swollman# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 242158421Swollman# are incorrect: 24330711Swollman# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 2442742Swollman# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 2452742Swollman# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 2462742Swollman# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 2472742Swollman# It actually just had one transition. 24830711Swollman# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 2492742Swollman# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 25017200Swollman# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 25117200Swollman# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 25217200Swollman# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 2532742Swollman# 254158421Swollman# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 2552742Swollman# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 25630711Swollman# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 2572742Swollman# conform with Great Britain. 25858787Sru# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 25958787Sru# 260158421Swollman# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 26158787Sru# we'll ignore it for now. 26217200Swollman# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 2632742Swollman# 26417200Swollman# 265158421Swollman# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 266158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger. 26786222Swollman# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 26886222Swollman# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 26986222Swollman# to London. For example: 27086222Swollman# 27186222Swollman# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 27286222Swollman# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 2732742Swollman 274149514Swollman# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 275169811Swollman# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include 276149514Swollman# various relating to legal time, for example: 277169811Swollman# 278149514Swollman# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 279169811Swollman# 280149514Swollman# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 281149514Swollman# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 282169811Swollman# 283149514Swollman# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 284149514Swollman# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 285149514Swollman# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 286169811Swollman# 287149514Swollman# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 288149514Swollman# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 289149514Swollman# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 290149514Swollman# 291149514Swollman# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 292149514Swollman# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 293169811Swollman# 294169811Swollman# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 295169811Swollman# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 296149514Swollman# the laws applicable in Ireland.) 297169811Swollman# 298169811Swollman# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 299169811Swollman# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 300169811Swollman# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 301149514Swollman# being GMT+1.) 302149514Swollman 30358787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 30458787Sru# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 30558787Sru# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 30658787Sru# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 30758787Sru# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 30858787Sru# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 30958787Sru# and Frethun run in CT. 31058787Sru# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 31158787Sru# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 31258787Sru# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 31358787Sru# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 31458787Sru# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 31558787Sru# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 31658787Sru 31717200Swollman# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 31817200Swollman# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 31917200Swollman# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 32017200Swollman# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 32117200Swollman# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 32217200Swollman# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 32317200Swollman# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 32417200Swollman 3252742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 32643014Swollman# Summer Time Act, 1916 3272742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 3282742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 32943014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 3302742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 3312742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 33243014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 3332742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 3342742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 33543014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 3362742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 3372742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 33843014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 3392742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 34043014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 3412742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 34243014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 3432742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 3442742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 34543014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 3462742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 34758787SruRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 34843014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1922 3492742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 3502742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 35143014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3522742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 35343014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1925 3542742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 35543014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3562742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 35743014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3582742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 35943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3602742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 36143014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3622742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 36343014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3642742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 36543014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 36643014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 36743014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 36843014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 36943014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 37019878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 3712742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 37243014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 37319878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 37443014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 3752742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 37643014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 37743014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 37843014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 37943014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 38043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 38143014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 38243014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1947 3832742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 38419878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 3852742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 3862742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 38743014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 3882742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 38943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 39043014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 3912742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 39243014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 39343014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 39443014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 39543014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 39643014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 3972742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 39843014Swollman# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 39943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 40043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 40143014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 4022742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 40343014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 4042742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 40543014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 40643014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 40743014Swollman# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 40843014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 4092742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 41043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 41143014Swollman# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 41243014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 41343014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 4142742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 41543014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 41617200SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 41743014Swollman# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 41843014Swollman# (no summer time) 41943014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1972 4202742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4212742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 42243014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 42343014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 42443014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 42543014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 4269908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 4279908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 42843014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 42943014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 43043014Swollman# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 4319908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 43243014Swollman# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 43317200Swollman# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 434257682Sedwin# 435257682Sedwin# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. 4362742Swollman 4372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438158421SwollmanZone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 43917200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 44017200Swollman 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 4419908Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 44217200Swollman 0:00 EU GMT/BST 443163302SruLink Europe/London Europe/Jersey 444163302SruLink Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 445163302SruLink Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 44686222SwollmanZone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 44786222Swollman -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 44843014Swollman -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 44919878Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 45017200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 45117200Swollman 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 4522742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 45317200Swollman 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 4542742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 45517200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 45617200Swollman 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 45717200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 45817200Swollman 0:00 EU GMT/IST 4592742Swollman 4602742Swollman############################################################################### 4612742Swollman 462171948Sedwin# Europe 4632742Swollman 46417200Swollman# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 46517200Swollman# Common Market, etc. 4669908Swollman 4679908Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 46819878SwollmanRule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 46917200SwollmanRule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 47017200SwollmanRule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 47117200SwollmanRule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 47219878SwollmanRule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 47317200SwollmanRule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 47475267Swollman# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 475196581Sedwin# <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT"> 47675267Swollman# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 47775267Swollman# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 47875267Swollman# </a> 4799908Swollman 48017200Swollman# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 48119878SwollmanRule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 4822742SwollmanRule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 4832742SwollmanRule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 4849908SwollmanRule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 48519878SwollmanRule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 4869908SwollmanRule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 4872742Swollman 48819878Swollman# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 48919878Swollman# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 49019878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 49119878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 49219878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 49319878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 49419878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 49519878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 49619878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 49719878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 498181421SedwinRule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 499158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 50019878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 501181424Sedwin# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 502181424Sedwin# 503181424Sedwin# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 504181424Sedwin# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 505181424Sedwin# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the 506181424Sedwin# tz database itself, as seen below: 507181424Sedwin# 508181424Sedwin# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 509181424Sedwin# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 510181424Sedwin# 511181424Sedwin# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 512181424Sedwin# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 513181424Sedwin# 514181424Sedwin# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 515181424Sedwin# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 516181424Sedwin# 517181424Sedwin# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 518181424Sedwin# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 519181424Sedwin# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 520181424Sedwin# 521181424Sedwin# The rule line to be changed is: 522181424Sedwin# 523181424Sedwin# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 524181424Sedwin# 525181424Sedwin# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 526181424Sedwin# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 527181424Sedwin# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 528253010Sedwin# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms 529181424Sedwin# CET and MET: 530181424Sedwin# 531181424Sedwin# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 532181424Sedwin# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 533181424Sedwin# 534181424Sedwin# It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 535181424Sedwin# 536181424Sedwin# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 537181424Sedwin# 538181424Sedwin# A small step for mankind though 8-) 539181424SedwinRule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 54019878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 54119878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 54219878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 54319878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 54419878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 54519878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 5462742Swollman 54720094Swollman# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 54820094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 54920094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 55020094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 55120094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 55220094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 55320094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 55420094Swollman 5552742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 55620094SwollmanRule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 55720094SwollmanRule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 55820094SwollmanRule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 55958787SruRule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 56020094SwollmanRule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 561267489SedwinRule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD 562267489SedwinRule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK 563267489SedwinRule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD 564267489SedwinRule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer 565267489SedwinRule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD 56620094SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 56743014Swollman# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 56820094SwollmanRule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 56920094SwollmanRule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 57043014Swollman# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 57143014Swollman# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 57220094SwollmanRule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 57320094SwollmanRule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 57443014Swollman# 57520094SwollmanRule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 57620094SwollmanRule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 577226298SedwinRule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 57820094SwollmanRule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 579226298SedwinRule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 5802742Swollman 581223629Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 582223629Sedwin# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 583223629Sedwin# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 584223629Sedwin# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 585240461Sedwin# 586240461Sedwin# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 587223629Sedwin# <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583"> 588223629Sedwin# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 589223629Sedwin# </a> 590240461Sedwin# 591223629Sedwin# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 592223629Sedwin# <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html"> 593223629Sedwin# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 594223629Sedwin# </a> 595223629Sedwin 596223629Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 597223629Sedwin# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 598223629Sedwin# to be standard. 599223629Sedwin 6002742Swollman# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 6012742Swollman 6022742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 60319878SwollmanZone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 60419878SwollmanZone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 60519878SwollmanZone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 60619878SwollmanZone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 6072742Swollman 60819878Swollman# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 60919878Swollman# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 6102742Swollman 611149514Swollman# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 61219878Swollman# The official German names ... are 61319878Swollman# 61419878Swollman# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 61519878Swollman# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 61619878Swollman# 61719878Swollman# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 61819878Swollman# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 61919878Swollman# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 62019878Swollman# 62119878Swollman# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 62219878Swollman# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 62319878Swollman# Postfach 3345 62419878Swollman# D-38023 Braunschweig 62519878Swollman# phone: +49 531 592-0 62619878Swollman# 62719878Swollman# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 62819878Swollman# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 62919878Swollman# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 63019878Swollman# 63119878Swollman# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 63219878Swollman# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 6332742Swollman 63419878Swollman 6352742Swollman# Albania 6362742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 63719878SwollmanRule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 6382742SwollmanRule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 63919878SwollmanRule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 6402742SwollmanRule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 64119878SwollmanRule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 6422742SwollmanRule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 64319878SwollmanRule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 6442742SwollmanRule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 64519878SwollmanRule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 6462742SwollmanRule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 64719878SwollmanRule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 6482742SwollmanRule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 64919878SwollmanRule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 6502742SwollmanRule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 65119878SwollmanRule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 6522742SwollmanRule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 65319878SwollmanRule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 6542742SwollmanRule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 65519878SwollmanRule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 6562742SwollmanRule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 65719878SwollmanRule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 6582742SwollmanRule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 65919878SwollmanRule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 6602742SwollmanRule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 66119878SwollmanRule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 6622742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6632742SwollmanZone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 66419878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 66530711Swollman 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 66620094Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 6672742Swollman 6682742Swollman# Andorra 6692742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6702742SwollmanZone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 6712742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 67219878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 67319878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 6742742Swollman 6752742Swollman# Austria 676114173Swollman 677248310Sedwin# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 678248310Sedwin 679158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 680114173Swollman# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 681114173Swollman# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 682114173Swollman# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 683158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 684158421Swollman# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 685114173Swollman 6862742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 68719878SwollmanRule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 6882742SwollmanRule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 68919878SwollmanRule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 6902742SwollmanRule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 69119878SwollmanRule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 69219878SwollmanRule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 693114173SwollmanRule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 694114173SwollmanRule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 6952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 696248310SedwinZone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 697114173Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 698114173Swollman 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 699114173Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 700114173Swollman 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 701114173Swollman 1:00 - CET 1946 70219878Swollman 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 70319878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 7042742Swollman 7052742Swollman# Belarus 706226298Sedwin# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 707226298Sedwin# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 708226298Sedwin# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 709226298Sedwin# 710226298Sedwin# Sources (Russian language): 711226298Sedwin# 1. 712226298Sedwin# <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html"> 713226298Sedwin# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 714226298Sedwin# </a> 715226298Sedwin# 2. 716226298Sedwin# <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/"> 717226298Sedwin# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 718226298Sedwin# </a> 719226298Sedwin# 3. 720226298Sedwin# <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html"> 721226298Sedwin# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 722226298Sedwin# </a> 7232742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7242742SwollmanZone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 72543014Swollman 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 7262742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 72743014Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 72843014Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 72958787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 73058787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 73119878Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 73258787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 73358787Sru 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 734226298Sedwin 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 735226298Sedwin 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time 7362742Swollman 7372742Swollman# Belgium 73830711Swollman# 73930711Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 74030711Swollman# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 74130711Swollman# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 74230711Swollman# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 74330711Swollman# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 74430711Swollman# pp 8-9. 74530711Swollman# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 74630711Swollman# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 747149514Swollman# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 74830711Swollman# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 74930711Swollman# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 75075267Swollman# 7512742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 75230711SwollmanRule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 75330711SwollmanRule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 75419878SwollmanRule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 75530711SwollmanRule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 7562742SwollmanRule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 75730711SwollmanRule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 7582742SwollmanRule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 75919878SwollmanRule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 76030711SwollmanRule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 76119878SwollmanRule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 76219878SwollmanRule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 76319878SwollmanRule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 76443543Swollman# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 76543543Swollman# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 76643543Swollman# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 76743543Swollman# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 76819878SwollmanRule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 76919878SwollmanRule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 77019878SwollmanRule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 77130711SwollmanRule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 77219878SwollmanRule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 77319878SwollmanRule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 77419878SwollmanRule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 77530711SwollmanRule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 77619878SwollmanRule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 77719878SwollmanRule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 77819878SwollmanRule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 77919878SwollmanRule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 78019878SwollmanRule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 78119878SwollmanRule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 78219878SwollmanRule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 7832742SwollmanRule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 78430711SwollmanRule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 78530711SwollmanRule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 78619878SwollmanRule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 7872742SwollmanRule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 78819878SwollmanRule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 7892742SwollmanRule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 7902742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 79130711SwollmanZone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 79230711Swollman 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 79330711Swollman 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 79430711Swollman 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 79530711Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 79630711Swollman 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 79730711Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 79819878Swollman 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 79919878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 8002742Swollman 8012742Swollman# Bosnia and Herzegovina 802257682Sedwin# See Europe/Belgrade. 8032742Swollman 8042742Swollman# Bulgaria 80558787Sru# 806149514Swollman# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 80758787Sru# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 80858787Sru# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 80958787Sru# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 81058787Sru# 8112742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 81219878SwollmanRule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 8132742SwollmanRule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 814158421SwollmanRule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 8152742SwollmanRule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 8162742SwollmanRule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 8172742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8182742SwollmanZone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 81919878Swollman 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 8202742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 821181424Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 822181424Sedwin 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 8232742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 82419878Swollman 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 82520094Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 82658787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 82758787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 8282742Swollman 8292742Swollman# Croatia 830257682Sedwin# See Europe/Belgrade. 8312742Swollman 832136638Swollman# Cyprus 833257682Sedwin# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 834136638Swollman 8352742Swollman# Czech Republic 8362742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 83719878SwollmanRule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 8382742SwollmanRule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 83919878SwollmanRule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 8402742SwollmanRule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 84119878SwollmanRule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 84219878SwollmanRule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 84319878SwollmanRule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 8442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8452742SwollmanZone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 84619878Swollman 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 84719878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 84819878Swollman 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 84919878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 850257682Sedwin# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. 8512742Swollman 852169811Swollman# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 853149514Swollman 854149514Swollman# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 855149514Swollman# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 856149514Swollman# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 857149514Swollman# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 858149514Swollman# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 859149514Swollman# 860149514Swollman# The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 861149514Swollman# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 862149514Swollman# 863149514Swollman# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 864149514Swollman# in subsequenet decrees with the law 865149514Swollman# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 866149514Swollman# 867149514Swollman# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 868149514Swollman# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 869149514Swollman# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 870149514Swollman# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 871149514Swollman# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 872149514Swollman# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 873149514Swollman# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 874149514Swollman# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 875149514Swollman# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 876149514Swollman# was suspended on that night): 877149514Swollman# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 878149514Swollman 879149514Swollman# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 880149514Swollman# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 881149514Swollman# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 882149514Swollman 883149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 884149514Swollman# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 885149514Swollman# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 886149514Swollman 8872742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 88819878SwollmanRule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 8892742SwollmanRule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 89019878SwollmanRule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 89119878SwollmanRule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 8922742SwollmanRule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 89319878SwollmanRule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 8942742SwollmanRule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 89519878SwollmanRule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 8962742SwollmanRule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 89719878SwollmanRule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 8982742SwollmanRule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 8992742Swollman# 9002742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 9012742SwollmanZone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 902149514Swollman 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 90319878Swollman 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 90419878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 90519878Swollman 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 90619878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 907169811SwollmanZone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 9089908Swollman 0:00 - WET 1981 90919878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 91020094Swollman# 911149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 912149514Swollman# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 913149514Swollman# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 914149514Swollman# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 915149514Swollman# 916158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 91720094Swollman# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 91820094Swollman# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 919158421Swollman# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab 92020094Swollman# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 92120094Swollman# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 92220094Swollman 92386222Swollman# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing 92486222Swollman# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 92586222Swollman# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 92620094Swollman# 92786222Swollman# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 92886222Swollman# is according to the following time line: 92986222Swollman# 93086222Swollman# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 93186222Swollman# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 93286222Swollman# Scoresbysund UTC-1 93386222Swollman# Danmarkshavn UTC 93486222Swollman# 93586222Swollman# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 93686222Swollman# introduced. 93786222Swollman 93893799Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 939114173Swollman# 94093799Swollman# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 94193799Swollman# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 94293799Swollman# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 94393799Swollman# info from earlier correspondence.] 94493799Swollman# 94593799Swollman# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 94693799Swollman# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 94793799Swollman# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 94893799Swollman# 94993799Swollman# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 95093799Swollman# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 95193799Swollman# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 95293799Swollman# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 95393799Swollman# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 95493799Swollman# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 95593799Swollman# DPC research station at Zackenberg. 95693799Swollman# 95793799Swollman# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 95893799Swollman# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab). 95993799Swollman# 96093799Swollman# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it 96193799Swollman# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 96293799Swollman# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 96393799Swollman# 96493799Swollman# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 96593799Swollman# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 96693799Swollman# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 96793799Swollman# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be 96893799Swollman# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 96993799Swollman 97093799Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 97193799Swollman# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 97293799Swollman# there at 2:00 AM. 97393799Swollman 974158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 975158421Swollman# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 976158421Swollman# the 1995 map as like Godthab. 97786222Swollman# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. 97893799Swollman# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 979158421Swollman# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 980158421Swollman# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 98186222Swollman# 98220094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 98393799SwollmanRule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 98493799SwollmanRule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 985158421SwollmanRule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 986158421SwollmanRule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 987158421SwollmanRule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 988158421SwollmanRule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 98920094Swollman# 99020094Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 99186222SwollmanZone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 99286222Swollman -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 99386222Swollman -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 99486222Swollman 0:00 - GMT 995163302SruZone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 99619878Swollman -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 99719878Swollman -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 99820094Swollman -1:00 EU EG%sT 99920094SwollmanZone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 10002742Swollman -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 100120094Swollman -3:00 EU WG%sT 100267578SwollmanZone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 100320094Swollman -4:00 Thule A%sT 10042742Swollman 10052742Swollman# Estonia 1006149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 10079908Swollman# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 10089908Swollman# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 10099908Swollman# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 101020094Swollman# 1011149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 101220094Swollman# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 101320094Swollman# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1014257682Sedwin# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 101520094Swollman# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 101620094Swollman# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 101720094Swollman# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 101820094Swollman# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1019257682Sedwin# summer time next spring." 102043543Swollman 1021149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 102243543Swollman# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 102343543Swollman# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 102443543Swollman# </a> 102543543Swollman# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 102643543Swollman# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 102743543Swollman# 102843543Swollman# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 102943543Swollman# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 103043543Swollman# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 103143543Swollman 103258787Sru# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 103358787Sru# via Steffen Thorsen: 103458787Sru# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 103558787Sru# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 103658787Sru# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 103758787Sru# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 103858787Sru# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 103975267Swollman# after that. 104058787Sru 104158787Sru# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 104258787Sru# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 104358787Sru# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 104458787Sru# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 104558787Sru 104693799Swollman# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 104793799Swollman# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 104893799Swollman# Now we are using again EU rules. 104993799Swollman# 105093799Swollman# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28): 105193799Swollman# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 105293799Swollman 10532742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10542742SwollmanZone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 105519878Swollman 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 105619878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 105719878Swollman 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 10582742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 105920094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 106019878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 106120094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 106219878Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 106343543Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 106458787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 106593799Swollman 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 106693799Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 10672742Swollman 10682742Swollman# Finland 1069210718Sedwin 1070158421Swollman# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 10719908Swollman# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 10729908Swollman# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1073210718Sedwin 1074257682Sedwin# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): 10759908Swollman# 1076210718Sedwin# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1077210718Sedwin# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1078210718Sedwin# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1079210718Sedwin# according to the central European standards. 10809908Swollman# 1081210718Sedwin# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1082210718Sedwin# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1083210718Sedwin# Finnish) at 1084210718Sedwin# 1085210718Sedwin# <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf"> 1086210718Sedwin# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1087210718Sedwin# </a> 1088210718Sedwin# 1089210718Sedwin# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1090210718Sedwin# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1091210718Sedwin# 1092210718Sedwin# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1093210718Sedwin# 1094210718Sedwin# <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401"> 1095210718Sedwin# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1096210718Sedwin# </a> 1097210718Sedwin# 1098210718Sedwin# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1099210718Sedwin# exist tonight." 1100210718Sedwin 11012742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 110219878SwollmanRule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 11032742SwollmanRule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1104210718SedwinRule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1105210718SedwinRule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 11062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11072742SwollmanZone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 110819878Swollman 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1109210718Sedwin 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 111019878Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 11112742Swollman 1112136638Swollman# Aaland Is 1113136638SwollmanLink Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1114136638Swollman 1115136638Swollman 11162742Swollman# France 111775267Swollman 111875267Swollman# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 111919878Swollman# 112075267Swollman# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions 112175267Swollman# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 112275267Swollman# 112375267Swollman# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, 112475267Swollman# Paris, 1991 112575267Swollman# 112675267Swollman# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, 112775267Swollman# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 112875267Swollman 112975267Swollman 113075267Swollman# 1131257682Sedwin# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 11322742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 113319878SwollmanRule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 113443014SwollmanRule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 113519878SwollmanRule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 113619878SwollmanRule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 113719878SwollmanRule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 113819878SwollmanRule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 11392742SwollmanRule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 114019878SwollmanRule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 11412742SwollmanRule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 114219878SwollmanRule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 114343543Swollman# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 114443543Swollman# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1145158421Swollman# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 11462742SwollmanRule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 114719878SwollmanRule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 114819878SwollmanRule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 114919878SwollmanRule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 115019878SwollmanRule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 115119878SwollmanRule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 115219878SwollmanRule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 115319878SwollmanRule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 115419878SwollmanRule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 115519878SwollmanRule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 115619878SwollmanRule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 115719878SwollmanRule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 115819878SwollmanRule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 115919878SwollmanRule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 116019878SwollmanRule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 116119878SwollmanRule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 116219878SwollmanRule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 116319878SwollmanRule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 11642742SwollmanRule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 116519878SwollmanRule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1166158421Swollman# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1167158421Swollman# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 116875267Swollman# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, 116975267Swollman# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La 1170233447Sedwin# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 117175267Swollman# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 117275267Swollman# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, 1173233447Sedwin# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 117443014SwollmanRule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1175158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1176149514Swollman# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 117743014Swollman# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 117843014Swollman# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 117943014SwollmanRule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 118043014SwollmanRule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 118119878SwollmanRule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 118243014SwollmanRule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 118343014SwollmanRule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 118443014SwollmanRule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 118519878SwollmanRule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 118643014SwollmanRule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 11872742SwollmanRule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1188158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 118943014Swollman# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 119043014SwollmanRule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 119143014SwollmanRule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1192158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 119314343Swollman# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 119414343Swollman# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 119514343Swollman# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 11962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 119743014SwollmanZone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 119875267Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1199158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 120043014Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 120175267Swollman# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1202158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 120319878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 120443014Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 120519878Swollman 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 120619878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 12072742Swollman 120819878Swollman# Germany 12098049Swollman 1210149514Swollman# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 121143014Swollman# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 121243014Swollman# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1213114173Swollman# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 121443014Swollman 1215114173Swollman# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1216181424Sedwin# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1217181424Sedwin# <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> 1218114173Swollman# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. 1219114173Swollman 1220114173Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1221114173Swollman# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf"> 1222181421Sedwin# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1223181421Sedwin# </a> 1224114173Swollman# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1225114173Swollman# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1226114173Swollman# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1227114173Swollman 1228114173Swollman 12292742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 123019878SwollmanRule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 123143014SwollmanRule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 123243014SwollmanRule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1233181421Sedwin# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1234181421Sedwin# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1235181421Sedwin# Go with the PTB. 1236181421SedwinRule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 123743014SwollmanRule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 123819878SwollmanRule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 123919878SwollmanRule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 124019878SwollmanRule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1241181421Sedwin 1242181421SedwinRule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1243181421SedwinRule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1244181421SedwinRule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1245181421Sedwin 12462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12472742SwollmanZone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1248181421Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1249181421Sedwin 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 125019878Swollman 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 125119878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 12522742Swollman 1253248310Sedwin# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 1254248310Sedwin# Busingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 1255248310Sedwin# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 1256248310Sedwin# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 1257248310Sedwin# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 1258248310Sedwin# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 1259248310Sedwin# 1260248310Sedwin# Source for the time in Busingen 1980: 1261248310Sedwin# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 1262248310Sedwin 1263248310Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): 1264248310Sedwin# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. 1265248310Sedwin 1266248310SedwinLink Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen 1267248310Sedwin 1268138323Swollman# Georgia 1269138323Swollman# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1270138323Swollman# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1271138323Swollman# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1272138323Swollman 12732742Swollman# Gibraltar 12742742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1275158421SwollmanZone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 12762742Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 127719878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1982 127819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 12792742Swollman 12802742Swollman# Greece 12812742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1282158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 128319878SwollmanRule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 12842742SwollmanRule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1285158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 128619878SwollmanRule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1287158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 12882742SwollmanRule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 128919878SwollmanRule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 12902742SwollmanRule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1291158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 129219878SwollmanRule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 12932742SwollmanRule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 129419878SwollmanRule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 12952742SwollmanRule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 129619878SwollmanRule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 12972742SwollmanRule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 129819878SwollmanRule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 12992742SwollmanRule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 13002742SwollmanRule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 130119878SwollmanRule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 13022742SwollmanRule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 130319878SwollmanRule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 13042742SwollmanRule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 13052742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13062742SwollmanZone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 130719878Swollman 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 130819878Swollman 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 130919878Swollman 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 131019878Swollman 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1311158421Swollman # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 131221217Swollman # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 131319878Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 13142742Swollman 13152742Swollman# Hungary 13162742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 131719878SwollmanRule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 131817200SwollmanRule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 131919878SwollmanRule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 13202742SwollmanRule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 132119878SwollmanRule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 13222742SwollmanRule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 132319878SwollmanRule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 13242742SwollmanRule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 132519878SwollmanRule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 13262742SwollmanRule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 132719878SwollmanRule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 132819878SwollmanRule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 13292742SwollmanRule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 133019878SwollmanRule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 13312742SwollmanRule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 133219878SwollmanRule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 13332742SwollmanRule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 133419878SwollmanRule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 13352742SwollmanRule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 133619878SwollmanRule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 13372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13382742SwollmanZone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 133919878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 134019878Swollman 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1341181424Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 134219878Swollman 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 134319878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 13442742Swollman 13452742Swollman# Iceland 13462742Swollman# 1347149514Swollman# From Adam David (1993-11-06): 13482742Swollman# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 13492742Swollman# 135019878Swollman# (1993-12-05): 13512742Swollman# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 13522742Swollman# Iceland Almanak. 13532742Swollman# 13542742Swollman# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 13552742Swollman# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 13562742Swollman# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 13572742Swollman# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 13582742Swollman# 13592742Swollman# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 13602742Swollman# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 13612742Swollman# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 13622742Swollman# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 13632742Swollman# 136419878Swollman# (1993-12-10): 13652742Swollman# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 13662742Swollman# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 13672742Swollman# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 13682742Swollman# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 13692742Swollman# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 13702742Swollman# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 13712742Swollman# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 137219878Swollman# might mean something else (???). 13732742Swollman# 1374158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1375158421Swollman# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points. 1376158421Swollman# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely 1377158421Swollman# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 13782742Swollman# 13792742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 138019878SwollmanRule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 138119878SwollmanRule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 138219878SwollmanRule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 138319878SwollmanRule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 138419878SwollmanRule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 138519878SwollmanRule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 138619878SwollmanRule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 138719878SwollmanRule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 138819878SwollmanRule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 138919878SwollmanRule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 139019878SwollmanRule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 13912742Swollman# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 139219878SwollmanRule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 139319878SwollmanRule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 13942742Swollman# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 139519878SwollmanRule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 13962742Swollman# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 139719878SwollmanRule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 139819878SwollmanRule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 139919878SwollmanRule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 14002742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 14012742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 140219878Swollman -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 140319878Swollman -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 14042742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 14052742Swollman 14062742Swollman# Italy 140719878Swollman# 140875267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 140975267Swollman# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 141086222Swollman# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 141175267Swollman# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 141275267Swollman# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 141375267Swollman# so record only the time in Rome. 141475267Swollman# 1415158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1416158421Swollman# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1417158421Swollman# F. Pollastri 141875267Swollman# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1419158421Swollman# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 142043014Swollman# </a> 1421257682Sedwin# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 142243014Swollman# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 142317200Swollman# 1424158421Swollman# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 142517200Swollman# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 142617200Swollman# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 142717200Swollman# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 142817200Swollman# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 142917200Swollman# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 143017200Swollman# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 143117200Swollman# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 143217200Swollman# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 143317200Swollman# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 143417200Swollman# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 143519878Swollman# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 143617200Swollman# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 143717200Swollman# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 143817200Swollman# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 143917200Swollman# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 144017200Swollman# 14412742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 144219878SwollmanRule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 144317200SwollmanRule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 144419878SwollmanRule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 14452742SwollmanRule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 144619878SwollmanRule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 14472742SwollmanRule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 144819878SwollmanRule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 144919878SwollmanRule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 145017200SwollmanRule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 145119878SwollmanRule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 145217200SwollmanRule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 145319878SwollmanRule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 145417200SwollmanRule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 145519878SwollmanRule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 14562742SwollmanRule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 145719878SwollmanRule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 14582742SwollmanRule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 145919878SwollmanRule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 14602742SwollmanRule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 146119878SwollmanRule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 14622742SwollmanRule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 146319878SwollmanRule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 146419878SwollmanRule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 14652742SwollmanRule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 146619878SwollmanRule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 14672742SwollmanRule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 14682742SwollmanRule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 146919878SwollmanRule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 14702742SwollmanRule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 147119878SwollmanRule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 147219878SwollmanRule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 14732742SwollmanRule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 147419878SwollmanRule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 147519878SwollmanRule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 14762742SwollmanRule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 14772742SwollmanRule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 14782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 14792742SwollmanZone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1480158421Swollman 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 148119878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 148219878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 148319878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 148419878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 14852742Swollman 14869908SwollmanLink Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 14879908SwollmanLink Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 14889908Swollman 14892742Swollman# Latvia 149043014Swollman 1491149514Swollman# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 149243014Swollman 149343014Swollman# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 149443014Swollman# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 149543014Swollman# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 149643014Swollman# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 149743014Swollman# 149843014Swollman# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 149943014Swollman# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 150043014Swollman# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 150143014Swollman# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 150243014Swollman# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 150343014Swollman# 150443014Swollman# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 150543014Swollman# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 150643014Swollman# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 150743014Swollman# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 150843014Swollman# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 150943014Swollman# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 151043014Swollman# 151143014Swollman# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 151243014Swollman# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 151343014Swollman# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 151443014Swollman# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 151543014Swollman# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 151643014Swollman# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 151743014Swollman# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 151843014Swollman# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 151943014Swollman# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 152043014Swollman# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 152143014Swollman# 152243014Swollman# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 152343014Swollman# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 152443014Swollman# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 152543014Swollman 152658787Sru# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 152758787Sru# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 152858787Sru# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 152958787Sru# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 153058787Sru# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 153158787Sru 153275267Swollman# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> 153375267Swollman# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 153475267Swollman# </a> 153575267Swollman# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 153675267Swollman# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 153775267Swollman# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 153875267Swollman# clocks one hour in the spring.... 153975267Swollman# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few 154075267Swollman# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 154175267Swollman# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 154275267Swollman# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 154375267Swollman# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 154475267Swollman# appears that they will not do so.... 154575267Swollman 154620094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 154743014SwollmanRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 154843014SwollmanRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 15492742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15502742SwollmanZone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 155119878Swollman 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 155219878Swollman 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 155319878Swollman 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 155419878Swollman 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 155519878Swollman 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 15562742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 155720094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 155843014Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 155943014Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 156043014Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 156143014Swollman 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 156258787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1563121098Swollman 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 156475267Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 15652742Swollman 15662742Swollman# Liechtenstein 15672742Swollman 1568257682Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 1569257682Sedwin# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. 1570257682Sedwin 1571257682Sedwin# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18): 1572257682Sedwin# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf 1573257682Sedwin# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942. 1574257682Sedwin# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs: 1575257682Sedwin# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein 1576257682Sedwin# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on 1577257682Sedwin# central European time was in force throughout the year. 1578257682Sedwin# From a report of the duke's government to the high council, 1579257682Sedwin# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977. 1580257682Sedwin 1581257682SedwinLink Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz 1582257682Sedwin 1583257682Sedwin 15842742Swollman# Lithuania 158558787Sru 158658787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 158758787Sru# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 158858787Sru# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 158958787Sru 1590149514Swollman# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 159158787Sru# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 159258787Sru# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 159358787Sru 159458787Sru# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 159558787Sru# via Steffen Thorsen: 159658787Sru# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 159758787Sru# to be valid here starting from October 31, 159858787Sru# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 159958787Sru# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 160058787Sru# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 160175267Swollman# already done by Estonia. 160258787Sru 160364499Swollman# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> 160464499Swollman# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 160564499Swollman# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 160664499Swollman 1607114173Swollman# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1608114173Swollman# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1609114173Swollman# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1610114173Swollman# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1611114173Swollman# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1612114173Swollman# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1613114173Swollman# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1614114173Swollman 1615114173Swollman 16162742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 16172742SwollmanZone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 161819878Swollman 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 161919878Swollman 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 162019878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 16212742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 162219878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 162320094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 162419878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 162520094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 162619878Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 162743014Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 162843014Swollman 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 162958787Sru 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1630114173Swollman 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1631114173Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 16322742Swollman 16332742Swollman# Luxembourg 1634158421Swollman# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1635158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 16362742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 163719878SwollmanRule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 16382742SwollmanRule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 163919878SwollmanRule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 16402742SwollmanRule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 164119878SwollmanRule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 16422742SwollmanRule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 164319878SwollmanRule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 16442742SwollmanRule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 164519878SwollmanRule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 16462742SwollmanRule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 164719878SwollmanRule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 16482742SwollmanRule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 164919878SwollmanRule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 16502742SwollmanRule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 165119878SwollmanRule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 16522742SwollmanRule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 165319878SwollmanRule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 16542742SwollmanRule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 165519878SwollmanRule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 165619878SwollmanRule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 165719878SwollmanRule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 165819878SwollmanRule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 165919878SwollmanRule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 16602742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 16612742SwollmanZone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 166219878Swollman 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 166319878Swollman 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 166419878Swollman 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 166519878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 166619878Swollman 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 166719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 16682742Swollman 16692742Swollman# Macedonia 1670257682Sedwin# See Europe/Belgrade. 16712742Swollman 16722742Swollman# Malta 16732742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 167419878SwollmanRule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 16752742SwollmanRule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 167619878SwollmanRule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 16772742SwollmanRule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 167819878SwollmanRule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 16792742SwollmanRule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 168019878SwollmanRule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 16812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1682158421SwollmanZone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 168319878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 168419878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 168519878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 168619878Swollman 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 168719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 16882742Swollman 16892742Swollman# Moldova 169075267Swollman 1691158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1692158421Swollman# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1693158421Swollman# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 169475267Swollman# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 169575267Swollman# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 169675267Swollman# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 169775267Swollman# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1698149514Swollman# But [two people] separately reported via 169975267Swollman# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 170075267Swollman# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1701226784Sedwin# 1702226784Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1703226784Sedwin# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1704226784Sedwin# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1705226784Sedwin# to the Winter Time). 1706226784Sedwin# 1707226784Sedwin# News (in Russian): 1708226784Sedwin# <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html"> 1709226784Sedwin# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1710226784Sedwin# </a> 1711226784Sedwin# 1712226784Sedwin# <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html"> 1713226784Sedwin# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1714226784Sedwin# </a> 1715226784Sedwin# 1716226784Sedwin# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1717226784Sedwin# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1718226784Sedwin# 1719226784Sedwin# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1720226784Sedwin# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1721226784Sedwin# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1722226784Sedwin# 1723226784Sedwin# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1724233446Sedwin# 1725233446Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1726233446Sedwin# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1727233446Sedwin# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1728240461Sedwin# decision to abolish DST this winter. 1729233446Sedwin# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1730233446Sedwin# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1731233446Sedwin# News from Moldova (in russian): 1732233446Sedwin# <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html"> 1733233446Sedwin# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1734233446Sedwin# </a> 173575267Swollman 1736233446Sedwin 17372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 173858787SruZone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 173958787Sru 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 174058787Sru 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 174158787Sru 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 174258787Sru 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 174358787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 174458787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 174558787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 174658787Sru 2:00 - EET 1991 174758787Sru 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 174858787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 174958787Sru# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 175058787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 17512742Swollman 17522742Swollman# Monaco 1753158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1754158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21. 17552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 17562742SwollmanZone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 175714343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 175819878Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 175919878Swollman 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 176019878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 17612742Swollman 1762163302Sru# Montenegro 1763257682Sedwin# See Europe/Belgrade. 1764163302Sru 17652742Swollman# Netherlands 176686222Swollman 176714343Swollman# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 176814343Swollman# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 176986222Swollman 177086222Swollman# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 177186222Swollman# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 177286222Swollman# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 177386222Swollman# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 177486222Swollman# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 177586222Swollman# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 177686222Swollman# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 177786222Swollman# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 177886222Swollman# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 177986222Swollman# 178086222Swollman# (2001-04-08): 178186222Swollman# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 178286222Swollman# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 178386222Swollman# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 178486222Swollman# 178586222Swollman# (2001-04-09): 178686222Swollman# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 178786222Swollman# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 178886222Swollman# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 178986222Swollman# actually followed. 179086222Swollman# 179186222Swollman# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 179286222Swollman# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 179386222Swollman# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 179486222Swollman# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 179586222Swollman# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 179686222Swollman# 179786222Swollman# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 179886222Swollman# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 179986222Swollman# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 180086222Swollman# Amsterdam mean time. 180186222Swollman 180286222Swollman# The data before 1945 are taken from 180375267Swollman# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. 180486222Swollman 18052742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 180675267SwollmanRule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 180775267SwollmanRule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 18082742SwollmanRule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 18092742SwollmanRule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 18102742SwollmanRule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 181186222SwollmanRule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 181275267SwollmanRule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 181319878SwollmanRule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 181475267SwollmanRule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 181575267SwollmanRule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 181675267SwollmanRule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 181786222Swollman# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 181886222Swollman# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 18192742SwollmanRule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 18202742SwollmanRule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 18212742SwollmanRule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 18222742SwollmanRule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 182319878SwollmanRule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 182419878SwollmanRule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 182519878SwollmanRule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 182619878SwollmanRule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 182775267SwollmanRule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 182886222Swollman# 182986222Swollman# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 183086222Swollman# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 18312742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 183286222SwollmanZone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 183386222Swollman 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 183486222Swollman 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 183519878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 183619878Swollman 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 183719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 18382742Swollman 18392742Swollman# Norway 1840158421Swollman# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1841158421Swollman# Pottenger. 18422742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 184319878SwollmanRule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 18442742SwollmanRule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 184519878SwollmanRule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 18462742SwollmanRule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 184719878SwollmanRule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 18482742SwollmanRule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 184919878SwollmanRule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 18502742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 185186222SwollmanZone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 185219878Swollman 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 185319878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 185419878Swollman 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 185519878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 185643014Swollman 185743014Swollman# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 185886222Swollman 185986222Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 186086222Swollman# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 186186222Swollman# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 186286222Swollman# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 186386222Swollman# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 186486222Swollman# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 186586222Swollman# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and 186686222Swollman# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation 186786222Swollman# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 186886222Swollman# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 186986222Swollman# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 187086222Swollman# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been 187186222Swollman# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 187286222Swollman# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by 187386222Swollman# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 187486222Swollman# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 187586222Swollman# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 187686222Swollman# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 187786222Swollman 1878257682Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): 187986222Swollman# 188086222Swollman# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1881138323Swollman# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 188286222Swollman# keeping Berlin time. 188386222Swollman# 188486222Swollman# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 188586222Swollman# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 188686222Swollman# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 188786222Swollman# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 188886222Swollman# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1889257682Sedwin# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 189086222Swollman# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 189186222Swollman# 189286222Swollman# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 189386222Swollman# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 189486222Swollman# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 189586222Swollman# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 189686222Swollman# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 189786222Swollman# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1898149514Swollman# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> 189986222Swollman# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 190086222Swollman# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 190186222Swollman# 1902257682Sedwin# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo 1903257682Sedwin# for these regions. 190419878SwollmanLink Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 19052742Swollman 19062742Swollman# Poland 19072742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 19082742SwollmanRule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 190919878SwollmanRule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1910158421SwollmanRule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 1911158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 19122742SwollmanRule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1913158421Swollman# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 191419878SwollmanRule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 19152742SwollmanRule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1916149514Swollman# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 1917149514Swollman# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 1918149514Swollman# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1> 1919149514Swollman# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 1920149514Swollman# He also gives these further references: 1921149514Swollman# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 1922149514Swollman# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 1923149514SwollmanRule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 1924149514SwollmanRule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1925149514SwollmanRule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1926149514SwollmanRule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1927149514SwollmanRule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1928149514SwollmanRule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 192919878SwollmanRule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 19302742SwollmanRule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 193119878SwollmanRule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 193219878SwollmanRule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 19332742SwollmanRule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 193419878SwollmanRule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1935149514SwollmanRule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 19362742SwollmanRule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 19372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 19382742SwollmanZone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 193919878Swollman 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 194019878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 194119878Swollman 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 194219878Swollman 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 194319878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1944149514Swollman 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1945149514Swollman 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 194658787Sru 1:00 EU CE%sT 19472742Swollman 19482742Swollman# Portugal 194920094Swollman# 1950149514Swollman# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 195120094Swollman# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 195220094Swollman# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 195320094Swollman# 1954149514Swollman# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 195520094Swollman# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 195620094Swollman# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 195720094Swollman# 195820094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 195920094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 196020094Swollman# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 196120094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 196220094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 196320094Swollman# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 196420094Swollman# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 196520094Swollman# 19662742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 196743543Swollman# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 196843543Swollman# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 1969158421Swollman# Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 197019878SwollmanRule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 1971158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 19722742SwollmanRule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 197319878SwollmanRule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 19742742SwollmanRule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 197519878SwollmanRule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 197619878SwollmanRule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 197719878SwollmanRule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 197819878SwollmanRule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 197919878SwollmanRule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 19802742SwollmanRule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 198119878SwollmanRule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 19822742SwollmanRule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 198319878SwollmanRule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 198419878SwollmanRule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 198519878SwollmanRule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 198619878SwollmanRule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1987158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 19882742SwollmanRule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 198919878SwollmanRule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 199019878SwollmanRule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1991158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 19922742SwollmanRule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1993158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 199419878SwollmanRule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 199519878SwollmanRule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1996158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 199719878SwollmanRule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 199819878SwollmanRule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 199919878SwollmanRule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2000158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 20012742SwollmanRule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 200219878SwollmanRule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 2003158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 20042742SwollmanRule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 200519878SwollmanRule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 200619878SwollmanRule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 200743014SwollmanRule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 200819878SwollmanRule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 20092742SwollmanRule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 201043014SwollmanRule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 201119878SwollmanRule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 201243014SwollmanRule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 201319878SwollmanRule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 20142742SwollmanRule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 201519878SwollmanRule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 20162742SwollmanRule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2017158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 2018158421Swollman# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 201919878SwollmanRule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 20202742SwollmanRule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 202119878SwollmanRule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 20222742SwollmanRule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 202319878SwollmanRule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 20242742SwollmanRule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 20252742SwollmanRule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 202619878SwollmanRule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 202719878SwollmanRule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 202819878SwollmanRule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 20292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2030158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24; 2031121098Swollman# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett. 20322742SwollmanZone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 2033121098Swollman -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 203419878Swollman 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 203519878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 203619878Swollman 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 203720094Swollman 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 203819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 203919878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 20402742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 204186222Swollman -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 204219878Swollman -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 204319878Swollman -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 204420094Swollman -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 204520094Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 204620094Swollman -1:00 EU AZO%sT 20472742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 204886222Swollman -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 204919878Swollman -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 205019878Swollman 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 205119878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 20522742Swollman 20532742Swollman# Romania 205458787Sru# 205558787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 205658787Sru# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 205758787Sru# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 205858787Sru# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 205958787Sru# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 206058787Sru# the same year as Bulgaria. 206158787Sru# 20622742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 206319878SwollmanRule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 20642742SwollmanRule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 206519878SwollmanRule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 206619878SwollmanRule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 20672742SwollmanRule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 206819878SwollmanRule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 20692742SwollmanRule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 207020094SwollmanRule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 207120094SwollmanRule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 20722742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 20732742SwollmanZone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 207419878Swollman 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 207519878Swollman 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 207620094Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 207720094Swollman 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 207858787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 207958787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 20802742Swollman 20812742Swollman# Russia 208221217Swollman 2083248310Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 2084248310Sedwin# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011 2085248310Sedwin# (Government document 2086248310Sedwin# <a href="http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/"> 2087248310Sedwin# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2088248310Sedwin# </a> 2089248310Sedwin# in Russian) 2090248310Sedwin# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2091248310Sedwin# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2092248310Sedwin# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2093248310Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm"> 2094248310Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2095248310Sedwin# </a> 2096248310Sedwin 2097248310Sedwin# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 2098248310Sedwin# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2099248310Sedwin# <a href="http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966"> 2100248310Sedwin# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2101248310Sedwin# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2102248310Sedwin 2103248310Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2104248310Sedwin# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2105248310Sedwin# changed in September 2011: 2106248310Sedwin# 2107248310Sedwin# One source is 2108248310Sedwin# < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/> 2109248310Sedwin# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2110248310Sedwin# </a> 2111248310Sedwin# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 2112248310Sedwin# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2113248310Sedwin# 2114248310Sedwin# Another source is 2115248310Sedwin# <a href="http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html"> 2116248310Sedwin# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2117248310Sedwin# </a> 2118248310Sedwin# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2119248310Sedwin# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2120248310Sedwin# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 2121248310Sedwin# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2122248310Sedwin# does not contain any "effective date" information. 2123248310Sedwin# 2124248310Sedwin# Another source is 2125248310Sedwin# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7"> 2126248310Sedwin# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 2127248310Sedwin# </a> 2128248310Sedwin# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011... 2129248310Sedwin# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2130248310Sedwin# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2131248310Sedwin# 2132248310Sedwin# The Wikipedia article refers to 2133248310Sedwin# <a href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896"> 2134248310Sedwin# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2135248310Sedwin# </a> 2136248310Sedwin# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2137248310Sedwin# 2138248310Sedwin# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2139248310Sedwin# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2140248310Sedwin# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get 2141248310Sedwin# September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes). 2142248310Sedwin# 2143248310Sedwin# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2144248310Sedwin# 2145248310Sedwin# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2146248310Sedwin 2147158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 214858787Sru# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 214920094Swollman# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2150158421Swollman# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2151158421Swollman# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2152158421Swollman# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 21532742Swollman# 2154149514Swollman# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 215586222Swollman# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 215686222Swollman# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 215786222Swollman# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 215886222Swollman# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 215986222Swollman# 2160149514Swollman# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2161257682Sedwin# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2162136638Swollman# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 216320094Swollman# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 216420094Swollman# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 216520094Swollman# 2166149514Swollman# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 216720094Swollman# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 216820094Swollman# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 216920094Swollman# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 217020094Swollman# 217175267Swollman# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 217275267Swollman# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 217375267Swollman# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 217475267Swollman# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 217575267Swollman# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began 217675267Swollman# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 217775267Swollman# 217886222Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 217986222Swollman# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 218086222Swollman# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 218186222Swollman# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 218286222Swollman# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 218386222Swollman# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 218486222Swollman# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 218586222Swollman# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 218686222Swollman# 21872742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 218886222Swollman# 218986222Swollman# Kaliningradskaya oblast'. 219086222SwollmanZone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 219120094Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 219258787Sru 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 219320094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2194223629Sedwin 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2195226298Sedwin 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time 219686222Swollman# 219786222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2198163302Sru# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', 219986222Swollman# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', 2200163302Sru# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', 220186222Swollman# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, 220286222Swollman# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, 220386222Swollman# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, 2204163302Sru# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi, 220586222Swollman# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', 220686222Swollman# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, 220786222Swollman# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', 220886222Swollman# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, 220986222Swollman# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', 221086222Swollman# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', 2211163302Sru# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, 221286222Swollman# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', 221386222Swollman# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, 221486222Swollman# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', 221586222Swollman# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', 221686222Swollman# Yaroslavskaya oblast' 22172742SwollmanZone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 221858787Sru 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 221958787Sru 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2220267489Sedwin 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 222120094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 22222742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 222320094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 222458787Sru 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2225223629Sedwin 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2226223629Sedwin 4:00 - MSK 222786222Swollman# 2228163302Sru# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast', 2229163302Sru# Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 2230163302Sru# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the 2231163302Sru# others? But we have no data. 2232163302SruZone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2233163302Sru 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 2234163302Sru 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 2235163302Sru 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 2236163302Sru 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T 2237163302Sru 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2238163302Sru 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2239223629Sedwin 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2240223629Sedwin 4:00 - VOLT 2241163302Sru# 224286222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 224386222Swollman# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika 224458787SruZone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2245163302Sru 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 2246163302Sru 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 2247163302Sru 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev 224858787Sru 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 224958787Sru 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 225058787Sru 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2251206219Sedwin 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time 2252223629Sedwin 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2253223629Sedwin 4:00 - SAMT 2254206219Sedwin 225586222Swollman# 225686222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 225786222Swollman# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, 225886222Swollman# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', 225986222Swollman# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', 226086222Swollman# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', 226186222Swollman# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. 226258787SruZone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 226358787Sru 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 226443766Sbde 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 226558787Sru 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2266223629Sedwin 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2267223629Sedwin 6:00 - YEKT # Yekaterinburg Time 226886222Swollman# 226986222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 227086222Swollman# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. 227158787SruZone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 227258787Sru 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 227343766Sbde 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 227458787Sru 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2275223629Sedwin 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2276223629Sedwin 7:00 - OMST 227786222Swollman# 2278163302Sru# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's 2279163302Sru# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. 2280163302Sru# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'. 228158787SruZone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 228258787Sru 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 228343766Sbde 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 228458787Sru 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2285158421Swollman 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2286223629Sedwin 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2287223629Sedwin 7:00 - NOVT 2288198825Sedwin 2289198825Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2290198825Sedwin# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2291198825Sedwin# March 28, 2010: 2292198825Sedwin# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2293198825Sedwin# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 229486222Swollman# 2295198825Sedwin# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September 2296198825Sedwin# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2297198825Sedwin# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2298198825Sedwin# 2299198825Sedwin# Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2300198825Sedwin# <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv"> 2301198825Sedwin# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2302198825Sedwin# </a> 2303198825Sedwin# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2304198825Sedwin# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2305198825Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html"> 2306198825Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2307198825Sedwin# </a> 2308198825Sedwin# 2309198825Sedwin# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2310198825Sedwin# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2311198825Sedwin# 2312198825Sedwin# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as 2313198825Sedwin# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. 2314198825Sedwin 2315198825SedwinZone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6 2316198825Sedwin 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2317198825Sedwin 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2318198825Sedwin 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2319198825Sedwin 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2320223629Sedwin 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2321223629Sedwin 7:00 - NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time 2322198825Sedwin 2323198825Sedwin# 232486222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2325198825Sedwin# Krasnoyarskij kraj, 2326163302Sru# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, 232786222Swollman# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. 232858787SruZone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 232958787Sru 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 233043766Sbde 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 233158787Sru 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2332223629Sedwin 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2333223629Sedwin 8:00 - KRAT 233486222Swollman# 233586222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 233686222Swollman# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', 233786222Swollman# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. 23382742SwollmanZone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 233958787Sru 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 234058787Sru 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 234143766Sbde 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 234258787Sru 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2343223629Sedwin 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2344223629Sedwin 9:00 - IRKT 234586222Swollman# 2346136638Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 234786222Swollman# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', 234886222Swollman# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. 2349200835Sedwin 2350200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2351226298Sedwin# ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005... 2352200835Sedwin# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name. 2353200835Sedwin# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj. 2354200835Sedwin 2355200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2356136638Swollman# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij, 2357200835Sedwin# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj, 2358136638Swollman# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij, 2359200835Sedwin# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij, 2360136638Swollman# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij, 2361200835Sedwin# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij. 2362200835Sedwin 236358787SruZone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 236458787Sru 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 236543766Sbde 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 236658787Sru 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2367223629Sedwin 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2368223629Sedwin 10:00 - YAKT 236986222Swollman# 2370136638Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 237186222Swollman# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, 237286222Swollman# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2373200835Sedwin 2374200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2375248310Sedwin# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij. 237658787SruZone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 237758787Sru 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 237843766Sbde 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2379267489Sedwin 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2380223629Sedwin 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2381223629Sedwin 11:00 - VLAT 2382248310Sedwin 2383248310Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2384248310Sedwin# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 2385248310Sedwin# in 2011. 238686222Swollman# 2387248310Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 2388248310Sedwin# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 2389248310Sedwin# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 2390248310Sedwin# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 2391248310Sedwin# 2392248310SedwinZone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2393248310Sedwin 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2394248310Sedwin 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2395248310Sedwin 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2396248310Sedwin 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004 2397248310Sedwin 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2398248310Sedwin 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2399248310Sedwin 10:00 - YAKT 2400248310Sedwin 2401248310Sedwin# 240286222Swollman# Sakhalinskaya oblast'. 240386222Swollman# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 240486222SwollmanZone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 240586222Swollman 9:00 - CJT 1938 240686222Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 240786222Swollman 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. 240886222Swollman 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 240986222Swollman 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2410223629Sedwin 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2411223629Sedwin 11:00 - SAKT 241286222Swollman# 2413136638Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 241486222Swollman# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2415136638Swollman# Probably also: Kuril Islands. 2416200835Sedwin 2417200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2418200835Sedwin# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij, 2419248310Sedwin# Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij. 24202742SwollmanZone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 242158787Sru 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 242243766Sbde 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 242358787Sru 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2424223629Sedwin 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2425223629Sedwin 12:00 - MAGT 2426248310Sedwin 2427248310Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2428248310Sedwin# Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from 2429248310Sedwin# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 2430248310SedwinZone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2431248310Sedwin 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2432248310Sedwin 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1 2433248310Sedwin 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2434248310Sedwin 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2435248310Sedwin 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2436248310Sedwin 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2437248310Sedwin 11:00 - VLAT 2438248310Sedwin 243986222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 244086222Swollman# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. 244186222Swollman# 244286222Swollman# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 244358787SruZone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 244458787Sru 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 244543766Sbde 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 244658787Sru 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2447206219Sedwin 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2448223629Sedwin 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2449223629Sedwin 12:00 - PETT 245086222Swollman# 245186222Swollman# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug 24522742SwollmanZone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 245358787Sru 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 245458787Sru 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 245558787Sru 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 245658787Sru 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2457206219Sedwin 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2458223629Sedwin 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2459223629Sedwin 12:00 - ANAT 24602742Swollman 2461257682Sedwin# San Marino 2462257682Sedwin# See Europe/Rome. 2463257682Sedwin 2464163302Sru# Serbia 2465114173Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2466114173SwollmanZone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2467114173Swollman 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2468181424Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2469181424Sedwin 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 2470114173Swollman 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2471149514Swollman# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of 2472114173Swollman# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2473158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 2474114173Swollman 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2475114173Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 2476114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2477163302SruLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 2478114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2479114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2480114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2481114173Swollman 248214343Swollman# Slovakia 248314343SwollmanLink Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 24849908Swollman 24852742Swollman# Slovenia 2486257682Sedwin# See Europe/Belgrade. 24872742Swollman 24882742Swollman# Spain 24892742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2490158421Swollman# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 2491158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 249219878SwollmanRule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 24932742SwollmanRule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 249419878SwollmanRule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 249519878SwollmanRule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2496158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 249719878SwollmanRule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2498158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 24992742SwollmanRule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 250019878SwollmanRule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2501158421Swollman# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 25022742SwollmanRule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 250319878SwollmanRule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 250419878SwollmanRule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 250519878SwollmanRule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2506158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 2507158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 250819878SwollmanRule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 25092742SwollmanRule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 251019878SwollmanRule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 251119878SwollmanRule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 251219878SwollmanRule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2513158421Swollman# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 251443014SwollmanRule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 251519878SwollmanRule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 251643014SwollmanRule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 251719878SwollmanRule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 251819878SwollmanRule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 251919878SwollmanRule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 252014343SwollmanRule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 252119878SwollmanRule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 25222742SwollmanRule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 252319878SwollmanRule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 25242742SwollmanRule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 252519878SwollmanRule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 25262742SwollmanRule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 252719878SwollmanRule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 25282742SwollmanRule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 252919878Swollman# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 253019878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 253119878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 253219878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 253319878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 253419878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 253519878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 253619878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 253719878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 253819878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 25392742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2540158421SwollmanZone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 254119878Swollman 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 254219878Swollman 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 254319878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 254419878SwollmanZone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 254519878Swollman 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 254619878Swollman 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 254719878Swollman 0:00 - WET 1924 254819878Swollman 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 254919878Swollman 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 255019878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1986 255119878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 25522742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 255319878Swollman -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 25542742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 255519878Swollman 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 255619878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 255720094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 255820094Swollman# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 25592742Swollman 256019878Swollman# Sweden 256186222Swollman 2562158421Swollman# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 256386222Swollman# 256486222Swollman# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 256586222Swollman# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 256686222Swollman# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 256786222Swollman# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 256886222Swollman# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 256986222Swollman# 257086222Swollman# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 257186222Swollman# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 257286222Swollman# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 257386222Swollman# 257486222Swollman# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 257586222Swollman# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 257686222Swollman# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 257786222Swollman# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 257886222Swollman# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 257986222Swollman# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 258086222Swollman# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 258186222Swollman# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 258286222Swollman# 258386222Swollman# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 258486222Swollman# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 258586222Swollman# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 258686222Swollman# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 258786222Swollman# 258886222Swollman# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 258986222Swollman# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 259086222Swollman# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 259186222Swollman# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 259286222Swollman# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 259386222Swollman# the Sok-button). 259486222Swollman# 259586222Swollman# (2001-05-13): 259686222Swollman# 259786222Swollman# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 259886222Swollman# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 259986222Swollman# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 260086222Swollman# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 260186222Swollman# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 260286222Swollman# hour before the event took place. 260386222Swollman# 260486222Swollman# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 260586222Swollman 26062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 260786222SwollmanZone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 260886222Swollman 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 260986222Swollman 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 261086222Swollman 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 261119878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1980 261219878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 26132742Swollman 26142742Swollman# Switzerland 261558787Sru# From Howse: 26162742Swollman# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 26172742Swollman# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 26182742Swollman# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 26192742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2620257682Sedwin# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): 2621187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 2622187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 2623158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2624187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 2625187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 2626187588Sedwin 2627187588Sedwin# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 2628187588Sedwin# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 2629187588Sedwin# 2630187588Sedwin# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 2631187588Sedwin# to be wrong. This is now verified. 2632187588Sedwin# 2633187588Sedwin# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 2634187588Sedwin# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 2635187588Sedwin# federal law collection)... 2636187588Sedwin# 2637187588Sedwin# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 2638187588Sedwin# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 2639187588Sedwin# 2640187588Sedwin# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 2641187588Sedwin# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 2642187588Sedwin# 2643187588Sedwin# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 2644187588Sedwin# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 2645187588Sedwin# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 2646187588Sedwin# other years are made. 2647187588Sedwin# 2648187588Sedwin# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 2649187588Sedwin# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 2650187588Sedwin# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 2651187588Sedwin# a thing had happened in Switzerland. 2652187588Sedwin# 2653187588Sedwin# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de 2654187588Sedwin# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 2655187588Sedwin# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 2656187588Sedwin# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 2657187588Sedwin# 2658187588Sedwin# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 2659187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2660187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2661187588Sedwin# 2662187588Sedwin# The 1940 rules must be deleted. 2663187588Sedwin# 2664187588Sedwin# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 2665257682Sedwin# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... 2666187588Sedwin# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 2667187588Sedwin# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not 2668187588Sedwin# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 2669187588Sedwin# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 2670257682Sedwin# 2671257682Sedwin# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 2672257682Sedwin# The Federal regulations say 2673257682Sedwin# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 2674257682Sedwin# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50". 2675257682Sedwin# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. 2676187588Sedwin 2677257682Sedwin# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 2678257682Sedwin# the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893) 2679257682Sedwin# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ... 2680257682Sedwin# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 2681257682Sedwin# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 2682257682Sedwin# hour before the beginning of service. 2683257682Sedwin 2684257682Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 2685257682Sedwin# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 2686257682Sedwin# 2687257682Sedwin# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 2688257682Sedwin# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 2689257682Sedwin# 2690257682Sedwin# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und 2691257682Sedwin# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 2692257682Sedwin# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 2693257682Sedwin# 2694257682Sedwin# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 2695257682Sedwin# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 2696257682Sedwin# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 2697257682Sedwin# "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 2698257682Sedwin# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 2699257682Sedwin# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 2700257682Sedwin# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 2701257682Sedwin# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 2702257682Sedwin# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 2703257682Sedwin# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 2704257682Sedwin# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 2705257682Sedwin 2706187588Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2707187588SedwinRule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2708187588SedwinRule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 27092742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2710257682SedwinZone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 2711257682Sedwin 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 271219878Swollman 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 271319878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 27142742Swollman 27152742Swollman# Turkey 2716169811Swollman 2717169811Swollman# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 2718169811Swollman# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 2719169811Swollman# ... The latest rules are available at - 2720169811Swollman# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 2721169811Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): 2722169811Swollman# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that 2723169811Swollman# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure 2724169811Swollman# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: 2725169811Swollman# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm 2726169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT 2727169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM 2728169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 2729169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 2730169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 2731169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): 2732169811Swollman# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. 2733169811Swollman 2734169811Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 2735169811Swollman# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 2736169811Swollman# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 2737169811Swollman# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 2738169811Swollman# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 2739169811Swollman# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 2740169811Swollman# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 2741169811Swollman# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 2742169811Swollman# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 2743169811Swollman 2744219687Sedwin# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 2745240461Sedwin# 2746219687Sedwin# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 2747219687Sedwin# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 2748219687Sedwin# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 2749219687Sedwin# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 2750219687Sedwin# Turkish: 2751219687Sedwin# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 2752183066Sedwin 2753263042Sedwin# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): 2754263042Sedwin# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the 2755263042Sedwin# Turkish Local election.... 2756263042Sedwin# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik 2757263042Sedwin# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. 2758263042Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-02-17): 2759263042Sedwin# Here is an English-language source: 2760263042Sedwin# http://www.worldbulletin.net/turkey/129016/turkey-switches-to-daylight-saving-time-march-31 2761263042Sedwin 27622742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 276319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 27642742SwollmanRule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 276519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 27662742SwollmanRule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 276719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 27682742SwollmanRule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 276919878SwollmanRule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 27702742SwollmanRule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2771158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 2772158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 277319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 27742742SwollmanRule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 277519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 277619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 27772742SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 277819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 27792742SwollmanRule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 278019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2781158421Swollman# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 2782158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 27832742SwollmanRule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 278419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 27852742SwollmanRule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 278619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 27872742SwollmanRule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 278819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 27892742SwollmanRule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 279019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 279119878SwollmanRule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 279219878SwollmanRule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 27932742SwollmanRule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 279419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 27952742SwollmanRule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 279619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 27972742SwollmanRule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 279819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 27992742SwollmanRule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 280019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 28012742SwollmanRule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 280219878SwollmanRule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 28032742SwollmanRule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 280419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 28052742SwollmanRule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 280619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 280719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 28082742SwollmanRule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 280919878SwollmanRule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 28102742SwollmanRule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 281119878SwollmanRule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 281219878SwollmanRule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 28132742SwollmanRule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 281419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 28152742SwollmanRule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2816169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2817169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 2818169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2819169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2820169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 28212742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28222742SwollmanZone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 282319878Swollman 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 282419878Swollman 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 282519878Swollman 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2826169811Swollman 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 2827219687Sedwin 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 2828219687Sedwin 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 2829263042Sedwin 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 2830263042Sedwin 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 283120094Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 28322742SwollmanLink Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 28332742Swollman 28342742Swollman# Ukraine 2835114173Swollman# 2836253010Sedwin# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, 2837114173Swollman# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 2838253010Sedwin# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government 2839114173Swollman# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 2840114173Swollman# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 2841114173Swollman# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 2842114173Swollman# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 2843114173Swollman 2844226298Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 2845226298Sedwin# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 2846226298Sedwin# abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 2847226298Sedwin# 2848226298Sedwin# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 2849226298Sedwin# approval from 266 deputies. 2850226298Sedwin# 2851226298Sedwin# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian) 2852226298Sedwin# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 2853226298Sedwin# 2854226298Sedwin# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 2855226298Sedwin# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 2856226298Sedwin# 2857226298Sedwin# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 2858226298Sedwin# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 2859226784Sedwin# 2860226784Sedwin# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 2861226784Sedwin# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 2862226784Sedwin# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 2863226784Sedwin# time this year after all. 2864226784Sedwin# 2865226784Sedwin# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 2866253010Sedwin# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone 2867226784Sedwin# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 2868226784Sedwin# to Russia) was reverted today: 2869226784Sedwin# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 2870226784Sedwin# 2871226784Sedwin# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 2872226784Sedwin# The law documents themselves are at 2873226784Sedwin# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 2874226298Sedwin 2875263042Sedwin# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): 2876263042Sedwin# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: 2877263042Sedwin# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST 2878263042Sedwin# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 2879263042Sedwin# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. 2880263042Sedwin# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html 2881263042Sedwin# 2882263042Sedwin# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, 2883263042Sedwin# "summer time" was still in action): 2884263042Sedwin# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 2885263042Sedwin# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. 2886263042Sedwin# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html 2887263042Sedwin# 2888263042Sedwin# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): 2889263042Sedwin# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 2890263042Sedwin# 2891263042Sedwin# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): 2892263042Sedwin# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST 2893263042Sedwin# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. 2894263042Sedwin# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm 2895263042Sedwin# This is an answer. 2896263042Sedwin# 2897263042Sedwin# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: 2898263042Sedwin# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started 2899263042Sedwin# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended 2900263042Sedwin# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. 2901263042Sedwin# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm 2902226784Sedwin 29032742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 290458787Sru# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 2905171948Sedwin# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2906171948Sedwin# "Kiev" is more common in English. 29072742SwollmanZone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 290858787Sru 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 29092742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 291058787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 291158787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 2912263042Sedwin 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2913263042Sedwin 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 291458787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2915226784Sedwin 2:00 EU EE%sT 291658787Sru# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 2917171948Sedwin# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2918171948Sedwin# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 291958787SruZone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 292058787Sru 1:00 - CET 1940 292158787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 292258787Sru 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 292358787Sru 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 292458787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 292558787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 292658787Sru 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 292758787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 292858787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2929226784Sedwin 2:00 EU EE%sT 293058787Sru# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 2931171948Sedwin# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2932171948Sedwin# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 2933171948Sedwin# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 2934171948Sedwin# portable Posix file names. 293558787SruZone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 293658787Sru 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 293758787Sru 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 293858787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 293958787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 294058787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 294158787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2942226784Sedwin 2:00 EU EE%sT 294358787Sru# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 29442742SwollmanZone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 294558787Sru 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 29462742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 294758787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 294858787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 294958787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 295058787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 295158787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 2952158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 295358787Sru# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 295420094Swollman# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2955257682Sedwin# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened 2956158421Swollman# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2957158421Swollman# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2958158421Swollman# changed in May. 295958787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 296043014Swollman# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 296158787Sru 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 296258787Sru 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 296343014Swollman# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 296443014Swollman# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 296564499Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 296664499Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2967263905Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): 2968263905Sedwin# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 2969263905Sedwin# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html 2970265982Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): 2971265982Sedwin# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks 2972265982Sedwin# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial 2973265982Sedwin# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. 2974263905Sedwin 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 2975263905Sedwin 4:00 - MSK 29762742Swollman 2977257682Sedwin# Vatican City 2978257682Sedwin# See Europe/Rome. 2979257682Sedwin 29802742Swollman############################################################################### 29812742Swollman 29822742Swollman# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 29832742Swollman# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 29842742Swollman# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 29852742Swollman# 29862742Swollman# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 29872742Swollman# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 29882742Swollman# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 29892742Swollman# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 29902742Swollman# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 29912742Swollman# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 29922742Swollman 29932742Swollman# ... 29942742Swollman# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 2995149514Swollman# From: Tom Hofmann 29962742Swollman# ... 29972742Swollman# 29982742Swollman# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 29992742Swollman# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 30002742Swollman# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 30012742Swollman# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 30022742Swollman# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 30032742Swollman# years... 30042742Swollman# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 30052742Swollman# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 30062742Swollman# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 30072742Swollman# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 30082742Swollman# 30092742Swollman# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 30102742Swollman# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 30112742Swollman# 30122742Swollman# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 30132742Swollman# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 3014149514Swollman# ... 30152742Swollman 30162742Swollman# ... 30172742Swollman# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 3018149514Swollman# From: Dik T. Winter 30192742Swollman# ... 30202742Swollman# 30212742Swollman# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 30222742Swollman# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 30232742Swollman# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 30242742Swollman# 30252742Swollman# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 30262742Swollman# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 30272742Swollman# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 30282742Swollman# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 30292742Swollman# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 30302742Swollman# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 30312742Swollman# dates... 30322742Swollman# 30332742Swollman# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 30342742Swollman# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 30352742Swollman# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 30362742Swollman# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 30372742Swollman# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 30382742Swollman# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 30392742Swollman# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 30402742Swollman# in advance of normal time. 30412742Swollman# 30422742Swollman# ... 30432742Swollman# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 3044149514Swollman# ... 30452742Swollman 304619878Swollman# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 30472742Swollman# ... 30482742Swollman# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 30492742Swollman# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 30502742Swollman# ... 30512742Swollman# Monaco: has same DST as France. 30522742Swollman# ... 3053