europe revision 240461
1153761Swollman# <pre> 2192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 464499Swollman 52742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 62742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 72742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 82742Swollman 9158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 102742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 12158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 132742Swollman# 1486222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 1520094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 1620094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1720094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 1820094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 1920094Swollman# 20158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 21158421Swollman# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 2220094Swollman# 2343543Swollman# Other sources occasionally used include: 242742Swollman# 2543543Swollman# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 2643543Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 2743543Swollman# which I found in the UCLA library. 2843543Swollman# 29121098Swollman# <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf"> 30121098Swollman# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 31121098Swollman# </a> (1914-03) 32121098Swollman# 3343543Swollman# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 3443543Swollman# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 3543543Swollman# History of Summer Time 3643543Swollman# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 3743543Swollman 3843543Swollman# 392742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 402742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 4119878Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 42114173Swollman# std dst 2dst 43114173Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 44114173Swollman# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 45114173Swollman# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 46114173Swollman# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 47114173Swollman# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 48114173Swollman# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 49114173Swollman# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 50114173Swollman# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 51114173Swollman# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 52114173Swollman# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 53114173Swollman# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 54114173Swollman# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 55114173Swollman# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 562742Swollman# 572742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 5858787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 592742Swollman 60149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 6114343Swollman# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 629908Swollman# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 639908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 649908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 659908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 669908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 679908Swollman# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 689908Swollman# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 699908Swollman# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 709908Swollman# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 719908Swollman# ... 7214343Swollman# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 7314343Swollman# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 749908Swollman# ... 759908Swollman# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 769908Swollman# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 779908Swollman# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 789908Swollman# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 799908Swollman# in the Directive. 809908Swollman 8119878Swollman 822742Swollman############################################################################### 832742Swollman 8443014Swollman# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 852742Swollman 86149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 872742Swollman# 882742Swollman# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 892742Swollman# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 902742Swollman# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 912742Swollman# of the text said: 922742Swollman# 932742Swollman# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 9421217Swollman# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 952742Swollman# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 962742Swollman# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 972742Swollman# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 982742Swollman# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 992742Swollman# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 1002742Swollman# 1012742Swollman# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 10221217Swollman# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 1032742Swollman# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 1042742Swollman# 1052742Swollman# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 1062742Swollman 107149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 1082742Swollman# 1092742Swollman# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 1102742Swollman# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 1112742Swollman# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 11258787Sru# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 11358787Sru# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 1142742Swollman# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 1152742Swollman# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 11658787Sru# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 1172742Swollman# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 11858787Sru# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 11958787Sru# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 12058787Sru# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 1212742Swollman# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 12258787Sru# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 12358787Sru# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 1242742Swollman# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 1252742Swollman# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 1262742Swollman# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 1272742Swollman# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 12858787Sru# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 1292742Swollman# 1302742Swollman# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 13158787Sru# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 13258787Sru# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 1332742Swollman 134136638Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): 13517200Swollman# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 13643543Swollman# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 13758787Sru# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 13817200Swollman# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 13917200Swollman# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 14017200Swollman# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 14117200Swollman# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 142121098Swollman# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 143121098Swollman# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 144121098Swollman# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 145121098Swollman# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 146136638Swollman# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 147121098Swollman# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 148221092Sedwin# designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial, 149121098Swollman# which is permanently set to Summer Time. 15017200Swollman 151121098Swollman# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 152121098Swollman# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 153121098Swollman# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 154121098Swollman# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 155121098Swollman# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 156121098Swollman# foundations of civilization throughout the world. 157121098Swollman# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> 158121098Swollman# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly 159121098Swollman# </a> 160121098Swollman 16119878Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 16219878Swollman# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' 16319878Swollman# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 16419878Swollman# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 16519878Swollman# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 16619878Swollman 16719878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 1682742Swollman# 1692742Swollman# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 1702742Swollman# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 1712742Swollman 1722742Swollman# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 173149514Swollman# From: Jonathan Leffler 1742742Swollman# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 1752742Swollman# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 1762742Swollman# politics making a fortune, not computing. 1772742Swollman 178149514Swollman# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 17943014Swollman# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 18043014Swollman# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 18143014Swollman# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 18243014Swollman# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 18343014Swollman 18458787Sru# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 18558787Sru# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 18658787Sru# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 18758787Sru# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 1882742Swollman 18975267Swollman# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 19067578Swollman# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 19167578Swollman# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 19267578Swollman# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 19367578Swollman# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 19467578Swollman# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 19575267Swollman# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 19667578Swollman# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png 19758787Sru 19867578Swollman# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 19967578Swollman# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 20067578Swollman# which is to be introduced in May.... 20167578Swollman# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 20267578Swollman# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 20367578Swollman 20467578Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 20567578Swollman# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common 20667578Swollman# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 20767578Swollman# so we use `BDST'. 20867578Swollman 209149514Swollman# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 21058787Sru# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 211149514Swollman# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 21258787Sru# and extending this list, which can be found in 213233447Sedwin# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ 214233447Sedwin# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> 21558787Sru# History of legal time in Britain 21693799Swollman# </a> 217233447Sedwin# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer 218233447Sedwin# exists, and the article can now be found at: 219233447Sedwin# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> 220233447Sedwin# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 221233447Sedwin# </a> 22258787Sru 223149514Swollman# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 22443014Swollman# 22543014Swollman# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 22643014Swollman# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 22743014Swollman# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 22843014Swollman# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 22943014Swollman# </a>. 2302742Swollman 231158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2322742Swollman# 233158421Swollman# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 2342742Swollman# 235158421Swollman# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 236158421Swollman# are incorrect: 23730711Swollman# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 2382742Swollman# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 2392742Swollman# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 2402742Swollman# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 2412742Swollman# It actually just had one transition. 24230711Swollman# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 2432742Swollman# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 24417200Swollman# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 24517200Swollman# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 24617200Swollman# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 2472742Swollman# 248158421Swollman# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 2492742Swollman# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 25030711Swollman# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 2512742Swollman# conform with Great Britain. 25258787Sru# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 25358787Sru# 254158421Swollman# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 25558787Sru# we'll ignore it for now. 25617200Swollman# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 2572742Swollman# 25817200Swollman# 259158421Swollman# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 260158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger. 26186222Swollman# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 26286222Swollman# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 26386222Swollman# to London. For example: 26486222Swollman# 26586222Swollman# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 26686222Swollman# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 2672742Swollman 268149514Swollman# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 269169811Swollman# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include 270149514Swollman# various relating to legal time, for example: 271169811Swollman# 272149514Swollman# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 273169811Swollman# 274149514Swollman# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 275149514Swollman# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 276169811Swollman# 277149514Swollman# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 278149514Swollman# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 279149514Swollman# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 280169811Swollman# 281149514Swollman# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 282149514Swollman# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 283149514Swollman# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 284149514Swollman# 285149514Swollman# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 286149514Swollman# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 287169811Swollman# 288169811Swollman# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 289169811Swollman# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 290149514Swollman# the laws applicable in Ireland.) 291169811Swollman# 292169811Swollman# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 293169811Swollman# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 294169811Swollman# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 295149514Swollman# being GMT+1.) 296149514Swollman 29758787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 29858787Sru# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 29958787Sru# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 30058787Sru# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 30158787Sru# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 30258787Sru# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 30358787Sru# and Frethun run in CT. 30458787Sru# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 30558787Sru# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 30658787Sru# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 30758787Sru# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 30858787Sru# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 30958787Sru# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 31058787Sru 31117200Swollman# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 31217200Swollman# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 31317200Swollman# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 31417200Swollman# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 31517200Swollman# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 31617200Swollman# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 31717200Swollman# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 31817200Swollman 3192742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 32043014Swollman# Summer Time Act, 1916 3212742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 3222742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 32343014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 3242742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 3252742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 32643014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 3272742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 3282742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 32943014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 3302742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 3312742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 33243014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 3332742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 33443014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 3352742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 33643014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 3372742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 3382742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 33943014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 3402742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 34158787SruRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 34243014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1922 3432742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 3442742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 34543014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3462742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 34743014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1925 3482742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 34943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3502742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 35143014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3522742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 35343014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3542742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 35543014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3562742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 35743014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3582742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 35943014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 36043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 36143014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 36243014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 36343014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 36419878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 3652742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 36643014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 36719878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 36843014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 3692742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 37043014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 37143014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 37243014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 37343014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 37443014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 37543014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 37643014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1947 3772742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 37819878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 3792742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 3802742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 38143014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 3822742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 38343014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 38443014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 3852742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 38643014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 38743014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 38843014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 38943014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 39043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 3912742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 39243014Swollman# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 39343014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 39443014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 39543014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3962742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 39743014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3982742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 39943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 40043014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 40143014Swollman# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 40243014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 4032742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 40443014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 40543014Swollman# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 40643014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 40743014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 4082742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 40943014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 41017200SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 41143014Swollman# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 41243014Swollman# (no summer time) 41343014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1972 4142742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4152742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 41643014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 41743014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 41843014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 41943014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 4209908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 4219908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 42243014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 42343014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 42443014Swollman# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 4259908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 42643014Swollman# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 42717200Swollman# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 4282742Swollman 4292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 430158421SwollmanZone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 43117200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 43217200Swollman 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 4339908Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 43417200Swollman 0:00 EU GMT/BST 435163302SruLink Europe/London Europe/Jersey 436163302SruLink Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 437163302SruLink Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 43886222SwollmanZone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 43986222Swollman -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 44043014Swollman -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 44119878Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 44217200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 44317200Swollman 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 4442742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 44517200Swollman 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 4462742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 44717200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 44817200Swollman 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 44917200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 45017200Swollman 0:00 EU GMT/IST 4512742Swollman 4522742Swollman############################################################################### 4532742Swollman 454171948Sedwin# Europe 4552742Swollman 45617200Swollman# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 45717200Swollman# Common Market, etc. 4589908Swollman 4599908Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 46019878SwollmanRule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 46117200SwollmanRule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 46217200SwollmanRule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 46317200SwollmanRule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 46419878SwollmanRule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 46517200SwollmanRule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 46675267Swollman# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 467196581Sedwin# <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT"> 46875267Swollman# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 46975267Swollman# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 47075267Swollman# </a> 4719908Swollman 47217200Swollman# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 47319878SwollmanRule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 4742742SwollmanRule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 4752742SwollmanRule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 4769908SwollmanRule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 47719878SwollmanRule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 4789908SwollmanRule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 4792742Swollman 48019878Swollman# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 48119878Swollman# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 48219878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 48319878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 48419878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 48519878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 48619878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 48719878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 48819878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 48919878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 490181421SedwinRule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 491158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 49219878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 493181424Sedwin# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 494181424Sedwin# 495181424Sedwin# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 496181424Sedwin# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 497181424Sedwin# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the 498181424Sedwin# tz database itself, as seen below: 499181424Sedwin# 500181424Sedwin# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 501181424Sedwin# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 502181424Sedwin# 503181424Sedwin# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 504181424Sedwin# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 505181424Sedwin# 506181424Sedwin# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 507181424Sedwin# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 508181424Sedwin# 509181424Sedwin# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 510181424Sedwin# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 511181424Sedwin# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 512181424Sedwin# 513181424Sedwin# The rule line to be changed is: 514181424Sedwin# 515181424Sedwin# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 516181424Sedwin# 517181424Sedwin# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 518181424Sedwin# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 519181424Sedwin# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 520181424Sedwin# affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms 521181424Sedwin# CET and MET: 522181424Sedwin# 523181424Sedwin# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 524181424Sedwin# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 525181424Sedwin# 526181424Sedwin# It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 527181424Sedwin# 528181424Sedwin# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 529181424Sedwin# 530181424Sedwin# A small step for mankind though 8-) 531181424SedwinRule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 53219878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 53319878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 53419878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 53519878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 53619878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 53719878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 5382742Swollman 53920094Swollman# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 54020094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 54120094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 54220094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 54320094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 54420094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 54520094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 54620094Swollman 5472742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 54820094SwollmanRule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 54920094SwollmanRule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 55020094SwollmanRule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 55158787SruRule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 55220094SwollmanRule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 55320094SwollmanRule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 55420094SwollmanRule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 55520094SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 55643014SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 55720094SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 55820094SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 55943014Swollman# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 56020094SwollmanRule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 56120094SwollmanRule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 56243014Swollman# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 56343014Swollman# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 56420094SwollmanRule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 56520094SwollmanRule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 56643014Swollman# 56720094SwollmanRule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 56820094SwollmanRule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 569226298SedwinRule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 57020094SwollmanRule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 571226298SedwinRule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 5722742Swollman 573223629Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 574223629Sedwin# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 575223629Sedwin# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 576223629Sedwin# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 577240461Sedwin# 578240461Sedwin# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 579223629Sedwin# <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583"> 580223629Sedwin# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 581223629Sedwin# </a> 582240461Sedwin# 583223629Sedwin# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 584223629Sedwin# <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html"> 585223629Sedwin# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 586223629Sedwin# </a> 587223629Sedwin 588223629Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 589223629Sedwin# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 590223629Sedwin# to be standard. 591223629Sedwin 5922742Swollman# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 5932742Swollman 5942742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 59519878SwollmanZone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 59619878SwollmanZone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 59719878SwollmanZone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 59819878SwollmanZone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 5992742Swollman 60019878Swollman# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 60119878Swollman# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 6022742Swollman 603149514Swollman# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 60419878Swollman# The official German names ... are 60519878Swollman# 60619878Swollman# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 60719878Swollman# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 60819878Swollman# 60919878Swollman# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 61019878Swollman# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 61119878Swollman# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 61219878Swollman# 61319878Swollman# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 61419878Swollman# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 61519878Swollman# Postfach 3345 61619878Swollman# D-38023 Braunschweig 61719878Swollman# phone: +49 531 592-0 61819878Swollman# 61919878Swollman# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 62019878Swollman# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 62119878Swollman# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 62219878Swollman# 62319878Swollman# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 62419878Swollman# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 6252742Swollman 62619878Swollman 6272742Swollman# Albania 6282742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 62919878SwollmanRule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 6302742SwollmanRule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 63119878SwollmanRule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 6322742SwollmanRule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 63319878SwollmanRule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 6342742SwollmanRule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 63519878SwollmanRule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 6362742SwollmanRule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 63719878SwollmanRule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 6382742SwollmanRule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 63919878SwollmanRule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 6402742SwollmanRule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 64119878SwollmanRule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 6422742SwollmanRule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 64319878SwollmanRule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 6442742SwollmanRule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 64519878SwollmanRule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 6462742SwollmanRule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 64719878SwollmanRule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 6482742SwollmanRule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 64919878SwollmanRule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 6502742SwollmanRule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 65119878SwollmanRule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 6522742SwollmanRule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 65319878SwollmanRule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 6542742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6552742SwollmanZone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 65619878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 65730711Swollman 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 65820094Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 6592742Swollman 6602742Swollman# Andorra 6612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6622742SwollmanZone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 6632742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 66419878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 66519878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 6662742Swollman 6672742Swollman# Austria 668114173Swollman 669158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 670114173Swollman# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 671114173Swollman# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 672114173Swollman# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 673158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 674158421Swollman# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 675114173Swollman 6762742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 67719878SwollmanRule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 6782742SwollmanRule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 67919878SwollmanRule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 6802742SwollmanRule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 68119878SwollmanRule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 68219878SwollmanRule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 683114173SwollmanRule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 684114173SwollmanRule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 6852742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6862742SwollmanZone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr 687114173Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 688114173Swollman 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 689114173Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 690114173Swollman 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 691114173Swollman 1:00 - CET 1946 69219878Swollman 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 69319878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 6942742Swollman 6952742Swollman# Belarus 696226298Sedwin# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 697226298Sedwin# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 698226298Sedwin# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 699226298Sedwin# 700226298Sedwin# Sources (Russian language): 701226298Sedwin# 1. 702226298Sedwin# <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html"> 703226298Sedwin# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 704226298Sedwin# </a> 705226298Sedwin# 2. 706226298Sedwin# <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/"> 707226298Sedwin# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 708226298Sedwin# </a> 709226298Sedwin# 3. 710226298Sedwin# <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html"> 711226298Sedwin# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 712226298Sedwin# </a> 7132742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7142742SwollmanZone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 71543014Swollman 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 7162742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 71743014Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 71843014Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 71958787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 72058787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 72119878Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 72258787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 72358787Sru 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 724226298Sedwin 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 725226298Sedwin 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time 7262742Swollman 7272742Swollman# Belgium 72830711Swollman# 72930711Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 73030711Swollman# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 73130711Swollman# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 73230711Swollman# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 73330711Swollman# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 73430711Swollman# pp 8-9. 73530711Swollman# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 73630711Swollman# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 737149514Swollman# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 73830711Swollman# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 73930711Swollman# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 74075267Swollman# 7412742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 74230711SwollmanRule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 74330711SwollmanRule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 74419878SwollmanRule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 74530711SwollmanRule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 7462742SwollmanRule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 74730711SwollmanRule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 7482742SwollmanRule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 74919878SwollmanRule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 75030711SwollmanRule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 75119878SwollmanRule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 75219878SwollmanRule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 75319878SwollmanRule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 75443543Swollman# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 75543543Swollman# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 75643543Swollman# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 75743543Swollman# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 75819878SwollmanRule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 75919878SwollmanRule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 76019878SwollmanRule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 76130711SwollmanRule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 76219878SwollmanRule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 76319878SwollmanRule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 76419878SwollmanRule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 76530711SwollmanRule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 76619878SwollmanRule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 76719878SwollmanRule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 76819878SwollmanRule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 76919878SwollmanRule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 77019878SwollmanRule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 77119878SwollmanRule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 77219878SwollmanRule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 7732742SwollmanRule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 77430711SwollmanRule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 77530711SwollmanRule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 77619878SwollmanRule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 7772742SwollmanRule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 77819878SwollmanRule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 7792742SwollmanRule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 7802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 78130711SwollmanZone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 78230711Swollman 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 78330711Swollman 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 78430711Swollman 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 78530711Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 78630711Swollman 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 78730711Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 78819878Swollman 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 78919878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 7902742Swollman 7912742Swollman# Bosnia and Herzegovina 792163302Sru# see Serbia 7932742Swollman 7942742Swollman# Bulgaria 79558787Sru# 796149514Swollman# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 79758787Sru# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 79858787Sru# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 79958787Sru# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 80058787Sru# 8012742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 80219878SwollmanRule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 8032742SwollmanRule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 804158421SwollmanRule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 8052742SwollmanRule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 8062742SwollmanRule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 8072742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8082742SwollmanZone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 80919878Swollman 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 8102742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 811181424Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 812181424Sedwin 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 8132742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 81419878Swollman 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 81520094Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 81658787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 81758787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 8182742Swollman 8192742Swollman# Croatia 820163302Sru# see Serbia 8212742Swollman 822136638Swollman# Cyprus 823138323Swollman# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 824136638Swollman 8252742Swollman# Czech Republic 8262742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 82719878SwollmanRule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 8282742SwollmanRule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 82919878SwollmanRule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 8302742SwollmanRule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 83119878SwollmanRule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 83219878SwollmanRule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 83319878SwollmanRule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 8342742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8352742SwollmanZone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 83619878Swollman 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 83719878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 83819878Swollman 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 83919878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 8402742Swollman 841169811Swollman# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 842149514Swollman 843149514Swollman# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 844149514Swollman# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 845149514Swollman# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 846149514Swollman# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 847149514Swollman# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 848149514Swollman# 849149514Swollman# The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 850149514Swollman# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 851149514Swollman# 852149514Swollman# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 853149514Swollman# in subsequenet decrees with the law 854149514Swollman# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 855149514Swollman# 856149514Swollman# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 857149514Swollman# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 858149514Swollman# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 859149514Swollman# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 860149514Swollman# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 861149514Swollman# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 862149514Swollman# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 863149514Swollman# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 864149514Swollman# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 865149514Swollman# was suspended on that night): 866149514Swollman# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 867149514Swollman 868149514Swollman# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 869149514Swollman# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 870149514Swollman# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 871149514Swollman 872149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 873149514Swollman# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 874149514Swollman# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 875149514Swollman 8762742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 87719878SwollmanRule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 8782742SwollmanRule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 87919878SwollmanRule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 88019878SwollmanRule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 8812742SwollmanRule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 88219878SwollmanRule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 8832742SwollmanRule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 88419878SwollmanRule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 8852742SwollmanRule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 88619878SwollmanRule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 8872742SwollmanRule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 8882742Swollman# 8892742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8902742SwollmanZone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 891149514Swollman 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 89219878Swollman 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 89319878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 89419878Swollman 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 89519878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 896169811SwollmanZone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 8979908Swollman 0:00 - WET 1981 89819878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 89920094Swollman# 900149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 901149514Swollman# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 902149514Swollman# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 903149514Swollman# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 904149514Swollman# 905158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 90620094Swollman# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 90720094Swollman# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 908158421Swollman# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab 90920094Swollman# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 91020094Swollman# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 91120094Swollman 91286222Swollman# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing 91386222Swollman# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 91486222Swollman# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 91520094Swollman# 91686222Swollman# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 91786222Swollman# is according to the following time line: 91886222Swollman# 91986222Swollman# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 92086222Swollman# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 92186222Swollman# Scoresbysund UTC-1 92286222Swollman# Danmarkshavn UTC 92386222Swollman# 92486222Swollman# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 92586222Swollman# introduced. 92686222Swollman 92793799Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 928114173Swollman# 92993799Swollman# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 93093799Swollman# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 93193799Swollman# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 93293799Swollman# info from earlier correspondence.] 93393799Swollman# 93493799Swollman# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 93593799Swollman# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 93693799Swollman# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 93793799Swollman# 93893799Swollman# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 93993799Swollman# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 94093799Swollman# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 94193799Swollman# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 94293799Swollman# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 94393799Swollman# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 94493799Swollman# DPC research station at Zackenberg. 94593799Swollman# 94693799Swollman# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 94793799Swollman# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab). 94893799Swollman# 94993799Swollman# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it 95093799Swollman# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 95193799Swollman# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 95293799Swollman# 95393799Swollman# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 95493799Swollman# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 95593799Swollman# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 95693799Swollman# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be 95793799Swollman# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 95893799Swollman 95993799Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 96093799Swollman# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 96193799Swollman# there at 2:00 AM. 96293799Swollman 963158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 964158421Swollman# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 965158421Swollman# the 1995 map as like Godthab. 96686222Swollman# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. 96793799Swollman# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 968158421Swollman# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 969158421Swollman# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 97086222Swollman# 97120094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 97293799SwollmanRule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 97393799SwollmanRule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 974158421SwollmanRule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 975158421SwollmanRule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 976158421SwollmanRule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 977158421SwollmanRule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 97820094Swollman# 97920094Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 98086222SwollmanZone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 98186222Swollman -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 98286222Swollman -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 98386222Swollman 0:00 - GMT 984163302SruZone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 98519878Swollman -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 98619878Swollman -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 98720094Swollman -1:00 EU EG%sT 98820094SwollmanZone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 9892742Swollman -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 99020094Swollman -3:00 EU WG%sT 99167578SwollmanZone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 99220094Swollman -4:00 Thule A%sT 9932742Swollman 9942742Swollman# Estonia 995149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 9969908Swollman# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 9979908Swollman# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 9989908Swollman# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 99920094Swollman# 1000149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 100120094Swollman# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 100220094Swollman# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 100320094Swollman# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 100420094Swollman# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 100520094Swollman# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 100620094Swollman# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 100720094Swollman# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 100820094Swollman# summer time next spring.'' 100943543Swollman 1010149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 101143543Swollman# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 101243543Swollman# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 101343543Swollman# </a> 101443543Swollman# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 101543543Swollman# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 101643543Swollman# 101743543Swollman# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 101843543Swollman# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 101943543Swollman# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 102043543Swollman 102158787Sru# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 102258787Sru# via Steffen Thorsen: 102358787Sru# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 102458787Sru# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 102558787Sru# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 102658787Sru# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 102758787Sru# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 102875267Swollman# after that. 102958787Sru 103058787Sru# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 103158787Sru# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 103258787Sru# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 103358787Sru# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 103458787Sru 103593799Swollman# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 103693799Swollman# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 103793799Swollman# Now we are using again EU rules. 103893799Swollman# 103993799Swollman# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28): 104093799Swollman# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 104193799Swollman 10422742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10432742SwollmanZone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 104419878Swollman 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 104519878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 104619878Swollman 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 10472742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 104820094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 104919878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 105020094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 105119878Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 105243543Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 105358787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 105493799Swollman 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 105593799Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 10562742Swollman 10572742Swollman# Finland 1058210718Sedwin 1059158421Swollman# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 10609908Swollman# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 10619908Swollman# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1062210718Sedwin 1063210718Sedwin# From Janne Snabb (2010-0715): 10649908Swollman# 1065210718Sedwin# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1066210718Sedwin# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1067210718Sedwin# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1068210718Sedwin# according to the central European standards. 10699908Swollman# 1070210718Sedwin# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1071210718Sedwin# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1072210718Sedwin# Finnish) at 1073210718Sedwin# 1074210718Sedwin# <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf"> 1075210718Sedwin# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1076210718Sedwin# </a> 1077210718Sedwin# 1078210718Sedwin# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1079210718Sedwin# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1080210718Sedwin# 1081210718Sedwin# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1082210718Sedwin# 1083210718Sedwin# <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401"> 1084210718Sedwin# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1085210718Sedwin# </a> 1086210718Sedwin# 1087210718Sedwin# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1088210718Sedwin# exist tonight." 1089210718Sedwin 10902742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109119878SwollmanRule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 10922742SwollmanRule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1093210718SedwinRule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1094210718SedwinRule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 10952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10962742SwollmanZone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 109719878Swollman 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1098210718Sedwin 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 109919878Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 11002742Swollman 1101136638Swollman# Aaland Is 1102136638SwollmanLink Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1103136638Swollman 1104136638Swollman 11052742Swollman# France 110675267Swollman 110775267Swollman# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 110819878Swollman# 110975267Swollman# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions 111075267Swollman# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 111175267Swollman# 111275267Swollman# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, 111375267Swollman# Paris, 1991 111475267Swollman# 111575267Swollman# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, 111675267Swollman# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 111775267Swollman 111875267Swollman 111975267Swollman# 1120158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 11212742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 112219878SwollmanRule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 112343014SwollmanRule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 112419878SwollmanRule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 112519878SwollmanRule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 112619878SwollmanRule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 112719878SwollmanRule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 11282742SwollmanRule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 112919878SwollmanRule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 11302742SwollmanRule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 113119878SwollmanRule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 113243543Swollman# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 113343543Swollman# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1134158421Swollman# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 11352742SwollmanRule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 113619878SwollmanRule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 113719878SwollmanRule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 113819878SwollmanRule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 113919878SwollmanRule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 114019878SwollmanRule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 114119878SwollmanRule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 114219878SwollmanRule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 114319878SwollmanRule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 114419878SwollmanRule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 114519878SwollmanRule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 114619878SwollmanRule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 114719878SwollmanRule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 114819878SwollmanRule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 114919878SwollmanRule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 115019878SwollmanRule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 115119878SwollmanRule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 115219878SwollmanRule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 11532742SwollmanRule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 115419878SwollmanRule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1155158421Swollman# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1156158421Swollman# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 115775267Swollman# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, 115875267Swollman# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La 1159233447Sedwin# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 116075267Swollman# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 116175267Swollman# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, 1162233447Sedwin# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 116343014SwollmanRule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1164158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1165149514Swollman# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 116643014Swollman# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 116743014Swollman# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 116843014SwollmanRule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 116943014SwollmanRule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 117019878SwollmanRule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 117143014SwollmanRule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 117243014SwollmanRule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 117343014SwollmanRule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 117419878SwollmanRule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 117543014SwollmanRule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 11762742SwollmanRule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1177158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 117843014Swollman# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 117943014SwollmanRule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 118043014SwollmanRule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1181158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 118214343Swollman# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 118314343Swollman# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 118414343Swollman# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 11852742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 118643014SwollmanZone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 118775267Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1188158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 118943014Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 119075267Swollman# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1191158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 119219878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 119343014Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 119419878Swollman 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 119519878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 11962742Swollman 119719878Swollman# Germany 11988049Swollman 1199149514Swollman# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 120043014Swollman# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 120143014Swollman# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1202114173Swollman# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 120343014Swollman 1204114173Swollman# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1205181424Sedwin# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1206181424Sedwin# <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> 1207114173Swollman# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. 1208114173Swollman 1209114173Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1210114173Swollman# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf"> 1211181421Sedwin# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1212181421Sedwin# </a> 1213114173Swollman# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1214114173Swollman# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1215114173Swollman# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1216114173Swollman 1217114173Swollman 12182742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 121919878SwollmanRule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 122043014SwollmanRule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 122143014SwollmanRule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1222181421Sedwin# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1223181421Sedwin# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1224181421Sedwin# Go with the PTB. 1225181421SedwinRule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 122643014SwollmanRule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 122719878SwollmanRule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 122819878SwollmanRule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 122919878SwollmanRule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1230181421Sedwin 1231181421SedwinRule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1232181421SedwinRule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1233181421SedwinRule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1234181421Sedwin 12352742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12362742SwollmanZone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1237181421Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1238181421Sedwin 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 123919878Swollman 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 124019878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 12412742Swollman 1242138323Swollman# Georgia 1243138323Swollman# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1244138323Swollman# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1245138323Swollman# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1246138323Swollman 12472742Swollman# Gibraltar 12482742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1249158421SwollmanZone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 12502742Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 125119878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1982 125219878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 12532742Swollman 12542742Swollman# Greece 12552742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1256158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 125719878SwollmanRule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 12582742SwollmanRule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1259158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 126019878SwollmanRule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1261158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 12622742SwollmanRule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 126319878SwollmanRule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 12642742SwollmanRule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1265158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 126619878SwollmanRule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 12672742SwollmanRule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 126819878SwollmanRule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 12692742SwollmanRule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 127019878SwollmanRule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 12712742SwollmanRule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 127219878SwollmanRule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 12732742SwollmanRule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 12742742SwollmanRule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 127519878SwollmanRule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 12762742SwollmanRule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 127719878SwollmanRule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 12782742SwollmanRule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 12792742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12802742SwollmanZone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 128119878Swollman 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 128219878Swollman 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 128319878Swollman 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 128419878Swollman 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1285158421Swollman # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 128621217Swollman # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 128719878Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 12882742Swollman 12892742Swollman# Hungary 12902742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 129119878SwollmanRule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 129217200SwollmanRule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 129319878SwollmanRule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 12942742SwollmanRule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 129519878SwollmanRule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 12962742SwollmanRule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 129719878SwollmanRule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 12982742SwollmanRule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 129919878SwollmanRule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 13002742SwollmanRule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 130119878SwollmanRule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 130219878SwollmanRule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 13032742SwollmanRule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 130419878SwollmanRule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 13052742SwollmanRule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 130619878SwollmanRule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 13072742SwollmanRule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 130819878SwollmanRule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 13092742SwollmanRule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 131019878SwollmanRule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 13112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13122742SwollmanZone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 131319878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 131419878Swollman 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1315181424Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 131619878Swollman 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 131719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 13182742Swollman 13192742Swollman# Iceland 13202742Swollman# 1321149514Swollman# From Adam David (1993-11-06): 13222742Swollman# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 13232742Swollman# 132419878Swollman# (1993-12-05): 13252742Swollman# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 13262742Swollman# Iceland Almanak. 13272742Swollman# 13282742Swollman# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 13292742Swollman# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 13302742Swollman# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 13312742Swollman# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 13322742Swollman# 13332742Swollman# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 13342742Swollman# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 13352742Swollman# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 13362742Swollman# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 13372742Swollman# 133819878Swollman# (1993-12-10): 13392742Swollman# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 13402742Swollman# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 13412742Swollman# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 13422742Swollman# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 13432742Swollman# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 13442742Swollman# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 13452742Swollman# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 134619878Swollman# might mean something else (???). 13472742Swollman# 1348158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1349158421Swollman# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points. 1350158421Swollman# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely 1351158421Swollman# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 13522742Swollman# 13532742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 135419878SwollmanRule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 135519878SwollmanRule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 135619878SwollmanRule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 135719878SwollmanRule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 135819878SwollmanRule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 135919878SwollmanRule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 136019878SwollmanRule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 136119878SwollmanRule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 136219878SwollmanRule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 136319878SwollmanRule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 136419878SwollmanRule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 13652742Swollman# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 136619878SwollmanRule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 136719878SwollmanRule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 13682742Swollman# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 136919878SwollmanRule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 13702742Swollman# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 137119878SwollmanRule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 137219878SwollmanRule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 137319878SwollmanRule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 13742742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13752742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 137619878Swollman -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 137719878Swollman -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 13782742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 13792742Swollman 13802742Swollman# Italy 138119878Swollman# 138275267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 138375267Swollman# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 138486222Swollman# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 138575267Swollman# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 138675267Swollman# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 138775267Swollman# so record only the time in Rome. 138875267Swollman# 1389158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1390158421Swollman# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1391158421Swollman# F. Pollastri 139275267Swollman# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1393158421Swollman# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 139443014Swollman# </a> 139543014Swollman# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 139643014Swollman# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 139717200Swollman# 1398158421Swollman# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 139917200Swollman# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 140017200Swollman# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 140117200Swollman# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 140217200Swollman# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 140317200Swollman# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 140417200Swollman# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 140517200Swollman# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 140617200Swollman# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 140717200Swollman# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 140817200Swollman# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 140919878Swollman# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 141017200Swollman# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 141117200Swollman# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 141217200Swollman# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 141317200Swollman# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 141417200Swollman# 14152742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 141619878SwollmanRule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 141717200SwollmanRule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 141819878SwollmanRule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 14192742SwollmanRule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 142019878SwollmanRule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 14212742SwollmanRule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 142219878SwollmanRule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 142319878SwollmanRule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 142417200SwollmanRule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 142519878SwollmanRule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 142617200SwollmanRule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 142719878SwollmanRule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 142817200SwollmanRule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 142919878SwollmanRule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 14302742SwollmanRule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 143119878SwollmanRule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 14322742SwollmanRule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 143319878SwollmanRule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 14342742SwollmanRule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 143519878SwollmanRule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 14362742SwollmanRule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 143719878SwollmanRule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 143819878SwollmanRule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 14392742SwollmanRule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 144019878SwollmanRule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 14412742SwollmanRule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 14422742SwollmanRule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 144319878SwollmanRule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 14442742SwollmanRule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 144519878SwollmanRule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 144619878SwollmanRule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 14472742SwollmanRule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 144819878SwollmanRule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 144919878SwollmanRule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 14502742SwollmanRule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 14512742SwollmanRule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 14522742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 14532742SwollmanZone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1454158421Swollman 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 145519878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 145619878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 145719878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 145819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 14592742Swollman 14609908SwollmanLink Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 14619908SwollmanLink Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 14629908Swollman 14632742Swollman# Latvia 146443014Swollman 1465149514Swollman# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 146643014Swollman 146743014Swollman# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 146843014Swollman# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 146943014Swollman# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 147043014Swollman# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 147143014Swollman# 147243014Swollman# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 147343014Swollman# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 147443014Swollman# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 147543014Swollman# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 147643014Swollman# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 147743014Swollman# 147843014Swollman# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 147943014Swollman# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 148043014Swollman# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 148143014Swollman# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 148243014Swollman# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 148343014Swollman# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 148443014Swollman# 148543014Swollman# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 148643014Swollman# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 148743014Swollman# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 148843014Swollman# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 148943014Swollman# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 149043014Swollman# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 149143014Swollman# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 149243014Swollman# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 149343014Swollman# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 149443014Swollman# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 149543014Swollman# 149643014Swollman# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 149743014Swollman# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 149843014Swollman# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 149943014Swollman 150058787Sru# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 150158787Sru# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 150258787Sru# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 150358787Sru# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 150458787Sru# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 150558787Sru 150675267Swollman# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> 150775267Swollman# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 150875267Swollman# </a> 150975267Swollman# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 151075267Swollman# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 151175267Swollman# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 151275267Swollman# clocks one hour in the spring.... 151375267Swollman# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few 151475267Swollman# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 151575267Swollman# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 151675267Swollman# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 151775267Swollman# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 151875267Swollman# appears that they will not do so.... 151975267Swollman 152020094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 152143014SwollmanRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 152243014SwollmanRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 15232742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15242742SwollmanZone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 152519878Swollman 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 152619878Swollman 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 152719878Swollman 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 152819878Swollman 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 152919878Swollman 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 15302742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 153120094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 153243014Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 153343014Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 153443014Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 153543014Swollman 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 153658787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1537121098Swollman 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 153875267Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 15392742Swollman 15402742Swollman# Liechtenstein 15412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15422742SwollmanZone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 154319878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1981 154419878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 15452742Swollman 15462742Swollman# Lithuania 154758787Sru 154858787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 154958787Sru# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 155058787Sru# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 155158787Sru 1552149514Swollman# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 155358787Sru# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 155458787Sru# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 155558787Sru 155658787Sru# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 155758787Sru# via Steffen Thorsen: 155858787Sru# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 155958787Sru# to be valid here starting from October 31, 156058787Sru# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 156158787Sru# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 156258787Sru# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 156375267Swollman# already done by Estonia. 156458787Sru 156564499Swollman# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> 156664499Swollman# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 156764499Swollman# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 156864499Swollman 1569114173Swollman# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1570114173Swollman# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1571114173Swollman# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1572114173Swollman# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1573114173Swollman# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1574114173Swollman# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1575114173Swollman# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1576114173Swollman 1577114173Swollman 15782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15792742SwollmanZone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 158019878Swollman 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 158119878Swollman 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 158219878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 15832742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 158419878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 158520094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 158619878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 158720094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 158819878Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 158943014Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 159043014Swollman 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 159158787Sru 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1592114173Swollman 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1593114173Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 15942742Swollman 15952742Swollman# Luxembourg 1596158421Swollman# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1597158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 15982742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 159919878SwollmanRule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 16002742SwollmanRule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 160119878SwollmanRule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 16022742SwollmanRule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 160319878SwollmanRule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 16042742SwollmanRule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 160519878SwollmanRule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 16062742SwollmanRule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 160719878SwollmanRule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 16082742SwollmanRule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 160919878SwollmanRule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 16102742SwollmanRule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 161119878SwollmanRule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 16122742SwollmanRule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 161319878SwollmanRule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 16142742SwollmanRule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 161519878SwollmanRule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 16162742SwollmanRule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 161719878SwollmanRule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 161819878SwollmanRule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 161919878SwollmanRule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 162019878SwollmanRule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 162119878SwollmanRule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 16222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 16232742SwollmanZone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 162419878Swollman 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 162519878Swollman 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 162619878Swollman 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 162719878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 162819878Swollman 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 162919878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 16302742Swollman 16312742Swollman# Macedonia 1632163302Sru# see Serbia 16332742Swollman 16342742Swollman# Malta 16352742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 163619878SwollmanRule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 16372742SwollmanRule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 163819878SwollmanRule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 16392742SwollmanRule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 164019878SwollmanRule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 16412742SwollmanRule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 164219878SwollmanRule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 16432742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1644158421SwollmanZone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 164519878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 164619878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 164719878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 164819878Swollman 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 164919878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 16502742Swollman 16512742Swollman# Moldova 165275267Swollman 1653158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1654158421Swollman# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1655158421Swollman# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 165675267Swollman# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 165775267Swollman# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 165875267Swollman# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 165975267Swollman# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1660149514Swollman# But [two people] separately reported via 166175267Swollman# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 166275267Swollman# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1663226784Sedwin# 1664226784Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1665226784Sedwin# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1666226784Sedwin# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1667226784Sedwin# to the Winter Time). 1668226784Sedwin# 1669226784Sedwin# News (in Russian): 1670226784Sedwin# <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html"> 1671226784Sedwin# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1672226784Sedwin# </a> 1673226784Sedwin# 1674226784Sedwin# <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html"> 1675226784Sedwin# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1676226784Sedwin# </a> 1677226784Sedwin# 1678226784Sedwin# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1679226784Sedwin# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1680226784Sedwin# 1681226784Sedwin# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1682226784Sedwin# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1683226784Sedwin# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1684226784Sedwin# 1685226784Sedwin# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1686233446Sedwin# 1687233446Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1688233446Sedwin# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1689233446Sedwin# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1690240461Sedwin# decision to abolish DST this winter. 1691233446Sedwin# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1692233446Sedwin# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1693233446Sedwin# News from Moldova (in russian): 1694233446Sedwin# <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html"> 1695233446Sedwin# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1696233446Sedwin# </a> 169775267Swollman 1698233446Sedwin 16992742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 170058787SruZone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 170158787Sru 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 170258787Sru 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 170358787Sru 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 170458787Sru 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 170558787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 170658787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 170758787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 170858787Sru 2:00 - EET 1991 170958787Sru 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 171058787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 171158787Sru# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 171258787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 17132742Swollman 17142742Swollman# Monaco 1715158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1716158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21. 17172742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 17182742SwollmanZone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 171914343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 172019878Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 172119878Swollman 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 172219878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 17232742Swollman 1724163302Sru# Montenegro 1725163302Sru# see Serbia 1726163302Sru 17272742Swollman# Netherlands 172886222Swollman 172914343Swollman# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 173014343Swollman# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 173186222Swollman 173286222Swollman# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 173386222Swollman# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 173486222Swollman# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 173586222Swollman# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 173686222Swollman# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 173786222Swollman# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 173886222Swollman# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 173986222Swollman# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 174086222Swollman# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 174186222Swollman# 174286222Swollman# (2001-04-08): 174386222Swollman# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 174486222Swollman# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 174586222Swollman# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 174686222Swollman# 174786222Swollman# (2001-04-09): 174886222Swollman# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 174986222Swollman# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 175086222Swollman# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 175186222Swollman# actually followed. 175286222Swollman# 175386222Swollman# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 175486222Swollman# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 175586222Swollman# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 175686222Swollman# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 175786222Swollman# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 175886222Swollman# 175986222Swollman# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 176086222Swollman# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 176186222Swollman# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 176286222Swollman# Amsterdam mean time. 176386222Swollman 176486222Swollman# The data before 1945 are taken from 176575267Swollman# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. 176686222Swollman 17672742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 176875267SwollmanRule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 176975267SwollmanRule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 17702742SwollmanRule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 17712742SwollmanRule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 17722742SwollmanRule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 177386222SwollmanRule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 177475267SwollmanRule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 177519878SwollmanRule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 177675267SwollmanRule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 177775267SwollmanRule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 177875267SwollmanRule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 177986222Swollman# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 178086222Swollman# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 17812742SwollmanRule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 17822742SwollmanRule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 17832742SwollmanRule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 17842742SwollmanRule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 178519878SwollmanRule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 178619878SwollmanRule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 178719878SwollmanRule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 178819878SwollmanRule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 178975267SwollmanRule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 179086222Swollman# 179186222Swollman# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 179286222Swollman# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 17932742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 179486222SwollmanZone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 179586222Swollman 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 179686222Swollman 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 179719878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 179819878Swollman 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 179919878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 18002742Swollman 18012742Swollman# Norway 1802158421Swollman# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1803158421Swollman# Pottenger. 18042742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 180519878SwollmanRule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 18062742SwollmanRule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 180719878SwollmanRule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 18082742SwollmanRule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 180919878SwollmanRule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 18102742SwollmanRule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 181119878SwollmanRule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 18122742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 181386222SwollmanZone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 181419878Swollman 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 181519878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 181619878Swollman 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 181719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 181843014Swollman 181943014Swollman# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 182086222Swollman 182186222Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 182286222Swollman# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 182386222Swollman# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 182486222Swollman# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 182586222Swollman# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 182686222Swollman# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 182786222Swollman# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and 182886222Swollman# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation 182986222Swollman# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 183086222Swollman# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 183186222Swollman# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 183286222Swollman# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been 183386222Swollman# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 183486222Swollman# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by 183586222Swollman# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 183686222Swollman# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 183786222Swollman# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 183886222Swollman# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 183986222Swollman 184086222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01): 184186222Swollman# 184286222Swollman# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1843138323Swollman# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 184486222Swollman# keeping Berlin time. 184586222Swollman# 184686222Swollman# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 184786222Swollman# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 184886222Swollman# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 184986222Swollman# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 185086222Swollman# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 185186222Swollman# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 185286222Swollman# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 185386222Swollman# 185486222Swollman# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 185586222Swollman# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 185686222Swollman# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 185786222Swollman# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 185886222Swollman# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 185986222Swollman# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1860149514Swollman# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> 186186222Swollman# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 186286222Swollman# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 186386222Swollman# 186486222Swollman# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can 186586222Swollman# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the 1866221092Sedwin# war years it's probably best just do...the following for now: 186719878SwollmanLink Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 18682742Swollman 18692742Swollman# Poland 18702742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 18712742SwollmanRule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 187219878SwollmanRule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1873158421SwollmanRule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 1874158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 18752742SwollmanRule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1876158421Swollman# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 187719878SwollmanRule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 18782742SwollmanRule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1879149514Swollman# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 1880149514Swollman# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 1881149514Swollman# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1> 1882149514Swollman# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 1883149514Swollman# He also gives these further references: 1884149514Swollman# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 1885149514Swollman# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 1886149514SwollmanRule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 1887149514SwollmanRule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1888149514SwollmanRule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1889149514SwollmanRule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1890149514SwollmanRule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1891149514SwollmanRule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 189219878SwollmanRule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 18932742SwollmanRule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 189419878SwollmanRule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 189519878SwollmanRule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 18962742SwollmanRule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 189719878SwollmanRule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1898149514SwollmanRule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 18992742SwollmanRule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 19002742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 19012742SwollmanZone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 190219878Swollman 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 190319878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 190419878Swollman 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 190519878Swollman 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 190619878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1907149514Swollman 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1908149514Swollman 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 190958787Sru 1:00 EU CE%sT 19102742Swollman 19112742Swollman# Portugal 191220094Swollman# 1913149514Swollman# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 191420094Swollman# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 191520094Swollman# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 191620094Swollman# 1917149514Swollman# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 191820094Swollman# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 191920094Swollman# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 192020094Swollman# 192120094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 192220094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 192320094Swollman# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 192420094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 192520094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 192620094Swollman# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 192720094Swollman# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 192820094Swollman# 19292742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 193043543Swollman# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 193143543Swollman# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 1932158421Swollman# Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 193319878SwollmanRule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 1934158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 19352742SwollmanRule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 193619878SwollmanRule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 19372742SwollmanRule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 193819878SwollmanRule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 193919878SwollmanRule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 194019878SwollmanRule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 194119878SwollmanRule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 194219878SwollmanRule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 19432742SwollmanRule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 194419878SwollmanRule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 19452742SwollmanRule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 194619878SwollmanRule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 194719878SwollmanRule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 194819878SwollmanRule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 194919878SwollmanRule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1950158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 19512742SwollmanRule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 195219878SwollmanRule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 195319878SwollmanRule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1954158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 19552742SwollmanRule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1956158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 195719878SwollmanRule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 195819878SwollmanRule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1959158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 196019878SwollmanRule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 196119878SwollmanRule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 196219878SwollmanRule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1963158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 19642742SwollmanRule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 196519878SwollmanRule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1966158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 19672742SwollmanRule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 196819878SwollmanRule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 196919878SwollmanRule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 197043014SwollmanRule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 197119878SwollmanRule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 19722742SwollmanRule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 197343014SwollmanRule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 197419878SwollmanRule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 197543014SwollmanRule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 197619878SwollmanRule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 19772742SwollmanRule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 197819878SwollmanRule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 19792742SwollmanRule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1980158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 1981158421Swollman# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 198219878SwollmanRule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 19832742SwollmanRule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 198419878SwollmanRule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 19852742SwollmanRule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 198619878SwollmanRule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 19872742SwollmanRule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 19882742SwollmanRule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 198919878SwollmanRule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 199019878SwollmanRule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 199119878SwollmanRule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 19922742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1993158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24; 1994121098Swollman# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett. 19952742SwollmanZone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 1996121098Swollman -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 199719878Swollman 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 199819878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 199919878Swollman 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 200020094Swollman 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 200119878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 200219878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 20032742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 200486222Swollman -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 200519878Swollman -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 200619878Swollman -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 200720094Swollman -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 200820094Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 200920094Swollman -1:00 EU AZO%sT 20102742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 201186222Swollman -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 201219878Swollman -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 201319878Swollman 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 201419878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 20152742Swollman 20162742Swollman# Romania 201758787Sru# 201858787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 201958787Sru# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 202058787Sru# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 202158787Sru# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 202258787Sru# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 202358787Sru# the same year as Bulgaria. 202458787Sru# 20252742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 202619878SwollmanRule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 20272742SwollmanRule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 202819878SwollmanRule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 202919878SwollmanRule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 20302742SwollmanRule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 203119878SwollmanRule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 20322742SwollmanRule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 203320094SwollmanRule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 203420094SwollmanRule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 20352742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 20362742SwollmanZone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 203719878Swollman 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 203819878Swollman 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 203920094Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 204020094Swollman 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 204158787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 204258787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 20432742Swollman 20442742Swollman# Russia 204521217Swollman 2046158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 204758787Sru# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 204820094Swollman# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2049158421Swollman# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2050158421Swollman# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2051158421Swollman# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 20522742Swollman# 2053149514Swollman# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 205486222Swollman# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 205586222Swollman# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 205686222Swollman# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 205786222Swollman# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 205886222Swollman# 2059149514Swollman# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 206020094Swollman# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2061136638Swollman# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 206220094Swollman# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 206320094Swollman# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 206420094Swollman# 2065149514Swollman# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 206620094Swollman# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 206720094Swollman# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 206820094Swollman# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 206920094Swollman# 207075267Swollman# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 207175267Swollman# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 207275267Swollman# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 207375267Swollman# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 207475267Swollman# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began 207575267Swollman# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 207675267Swollman# 207786222Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 207886222Swollman# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 207986222Swollman# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 208086222Swollman# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 208186222Swollman# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 208286222Swollman# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 208386222Swollman# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 208486222Swollman# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 208586222Swollman# 20862742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 208786222Swollman# 208886222Swollman# Kaliningradskaya oblast'. 208986222SwollmanZone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 209020094Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 209158787Sru 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 209220094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2093223629Sedwin 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2094226298Sedwin 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time 209586222Swollman# 209686222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2097163302Sru# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', 209886222Swollman# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', 2099163302Sru# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', 210086222Swollman# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, 210186222Swollman# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, 210286222Swollman# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, 2103163302Sru# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi, 210486222Swollman# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', 210586222Swollman# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, 210686222Swollman# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', 210786222Swollman# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, 210886222Swollman# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', 210986222Swollman# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', 2110163302Sru# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, 211186222Swollman# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', 211286222Swollman# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, 211386222Swollman# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', 211486222Swollman# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', 211586222Swollman# Yaroslavskaya oblast' 21162742SwollmanZone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 211758787Sru 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 211858787Sru 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 211920094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 21202742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 212120094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 212258787Sru 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2123223629Sedwin 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2124223629Sedwin 4:00 - MSK 212586222Swollman# 2126163302Sru# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast', 2127163302Sru# Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 2128163302Sru# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the 2129163302Sru# others? But we have no data. 2130163302SruZone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2131163302Sru 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 2132163302Sru 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 2133163302Sru 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 2134163302Sru 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T 2135163302Sru 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2136163302Sru 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2137223629Sedwin 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2138223629Sedwin 4:00 - VOLT 2139163302Sru# 214086222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 214186222Swollman# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika 214258787SruZone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2143163302Sru 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 2144163302Sru 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 2145163302Sru 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev 214658787Sru 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 214758787Sru 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 214858787Sru 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2149206219Sedwin 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time 2150223629Sedwin 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2151223629Sedwin 4:00 - SAMT 2152206219Sedwin 215386222Swollman# 215486222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 215586222Swollman# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, 215686222Swollman# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', 215786222Swollman# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', 215886222Swollman# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', 215986222Swollman# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. 216058787SruZone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 216158787Sru 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 216243766Sbde 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 216358787Sru 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2164223629Sedwin 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2165223629Sedwin 6:00 - YEKT # Yekaterinburg Time 216686222Swollman# 216786222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 216886222Swollman# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. 216958787SruZone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 217058787Sru 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 217143766Sbde 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 217258787Sru 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2173223629Sedwin 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2174223629Sedwin 7:00 - OMST 217586222Swollman# 2176163302Sru# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's 2177163302Sru# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. 2178163302Sru# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'. 217958787SruZone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 218058787Sru 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 218143766Sbde 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 218258787Sru 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2183158421Swollman 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2184223629Sedwin 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2185223629Sedwin 7:00 - NOVT 2186198825Sedwin 2187198825Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2188198825Sedwin# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2189198825Sedwin# March 28, 2010: 2190198825Sedwin# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2191198825Sedwin# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 219286222Swollman# 2193198825Sedwin# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September 2194198825Sedwin# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2195198825Sedwin# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2196198825Sedwin# 2197198825Sedwin# Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2198198825Sedwin# <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv"> 2199198825Sedwin# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2200198825Sedwin# </a> 2201198825Sedwin# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2202198825Sedwin# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2203198825Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html"> 2204198825Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2205198825Sedwin# </a> 2206198825Sedwin# 2207198825Sedwin# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2208198825Sedwin# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2209198825Sedwin# 2210198825Sedwin# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as 2211198825Sedwin# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. 2212198825Sedwin 2213198825SedwinZone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6 2214198825Sedwin 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2215198825Sedwin 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2216198825Sedwin 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2217198825Sedwin 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2218223629Sedwin 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2219223629Sedwin 7:00 - NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time 2220198825Sedwin 2221198825Sedwin# 222286222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2223198825Sedwin# Krasnoyarskij kraj, 2224163302Sru# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, 222586222Swollman# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. 222658787SruZone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 222758787Sru 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 222843766Sbde 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 222958787Sru 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2230223629Sedwin 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2231223629Sedwin 8:00 - KRAT 223286222Swollman# 223386222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 223486222Swollman# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', 223586222Swollman# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. 22362742SwollmanZone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 223758787Sru 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 223858787Sru 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 223943766Sbde 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 224058787Sru 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2241223629Sedwin 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2242223629Sedwin 9:00 - IRKT 224386222Swollman# 2244136638Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 224586222Swollman# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', 224686222Swollman# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. 2247200835Sedwin 2248200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2249226298Sedwin# ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005... 2250200835Sedwin# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name. 2251200835Sedwin# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj. 2252200835Sedwin 2253200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2254136638Swollman# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij, 2255200835Sedwin# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj, 2256136638Swollman# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij, 2257200835Sedwin# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij, 2258136638Swollman# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij, 2259200835Sedwin# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij. 2260200835Sedwin 226158787SruZone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 226258787Sru 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 226343766Sbde 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 226458787Sru 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2265223629Sedwin 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2266223629Sedwin 10:00 - YAKT 226786222Swollman# 2268136638Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 226986222Swollman# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, 227086222Swollman# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2271200835Sedwin 2272200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2273200835Sedwin# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij, 2274136638Swollman# Ust'-Yanskij. 227558787SruZone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 227658787Sru 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 227743766Sbde 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 227858787Sru 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2279223629Sedwin 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2280223629Sedwin 11:00 - VLAT 228186222Swollman# 228286222Swollman# Sakhalinskaya oblast'. 228386222Swollman# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 228486222SwollmanZone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 228586222Swollman 9:00 - CJT 1938 228686222Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 228786222Swollman 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. 228886222Swollman 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 228986222Swollman 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2290223629Sedwin 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2291223629Sedwin 11:00 - SAKT 229286222Swollman# 2293136638Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 229486222Swollman# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2295136638Swollman# Probably also: Kuril Islands. 2296200835Sedwin 2297200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2298200835Sedwin# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij, 2299200835Sedwin# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij, Srednekolymskij. 23002742SwollmanZone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 230158787Sru 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 230243766Sbde 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 230358787Sru 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2304223629Sedwin 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2305223629Sedwin 12:00 - MAGT 230686222Swollman# 230786222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 230886222Swollman# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. 230986222Swollman# 231086222Swollman# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 231158787SruZone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 231258787Sru 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 231343766Sbde 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 231458787Sru 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2315206219Sedwin 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2316223629Sedwin 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2317223629Sedwin 12:00 - PETT 231886222Swollman# 231986222Swollman# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug 23202742SwollmanZone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 232158787Sru 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 232258787Sru 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 232358787Sru 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 232458787Sru 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2325206219Sedwin 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2326223629Sedwin 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2327223629Sedwin 12:00 - ANAT 23282742Swollman 2329163302Sru# Serbia 2330114173Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2331114173SwollmanZone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2332114173Swollman 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2333181424Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2334181424Sedwin 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 2335114173Swollman 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2336149514Swollman# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of 2337114173Swollman# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2338158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 2339114173Swollman 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2340114173Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 2341114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2342163302SruLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 2343114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2344114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2345114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2346114173Swollman 234714343Swollman# Slovakia 234814343SwollmanLink Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 23499908Swollman 23502742Swollman# Slovenia 2351163302Sru# see Serbia 23522742Swollman 23532742Swollman# Spain 23542742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2355158421Swollman# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 2356158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 235719878SwollmanRule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 23582742SwollmanRule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 235919878SwollmanRule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 236019878SwollmanRule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2361158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 236219878SwollmanRule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2363158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 23642742SwollmanRule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 236519878SwollmanRule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2366158421Swollman# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 23672742SwollmanRule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 236819878SwollmanRule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 236919878SwollmanRule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 237019878SwollmanRule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2371158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 2372158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 237319878SwollmanRule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 23742742SwollmanRule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 237519878SwollmanRule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 237619878SwollmanRule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 237719878SwollmanRule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2378158421Swollman# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 237943014SwollmanRule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 238019878SwollmanRule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 238143014SwollmanRule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 238219878SwollmanRule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 238319878SwollmanRule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 238419878SwollmanRule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 238514343SwollmanRule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 238619878SwollmanRule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 23872742SwollmanRule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 238819878SwollmanRule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 23892742SwollmanRule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 239019878SwollmanRule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 23912742SwollmanRule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 239219878SwollmanRule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 23932742SwollmanRule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 239419878Swollman# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 239519878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 239619878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 239719878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 239819878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 239919878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 240019878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 240119878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 240219878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 240319878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 24042742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2405158421SwollmanZone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 240619878Swollman 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 240719878Swollman 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 240819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 240919878SwollmanZone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 241019878Swollman 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 241119878Swollman 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 241219878Swollman 0:00 - WET 1924 241319878Swollman 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 241419878Swollman 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 241519878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1986 241619878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 24172742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 241819878Swollman -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 24192742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 242019878Swollman 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 242119878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 242220094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 242320094Swollman# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 24242742Swollman 242519878Swollman# Sweden 242686222Swollman 2427158421Swollman# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 242886222Swollman# 242986222Swollman# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 243086222Swollman# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 243186222Swollman# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 243286222Swollman# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 243386222Swollman# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 243486222Swollman# 243586222Swollman# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 243686222Swollman# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 243786222Swollman# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 243886222Swollman# 243986222Swollman# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 244086222Swollman# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 244186222Swollman# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 244286222Swollman# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 244386222Swollman# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 244486222Swollman# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 244586222Swollman# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 244686222Swollman# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 244786222Swollman# 244886222Swollman# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 244986222Swollman# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 245086222Swollman# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 245186222Swollman# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 245286222Swollman# 245386222Swollman# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 245486222Swollman# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 245586222Swollman# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 245686222Swollman# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 245786222Swollman# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 245886222Swollman# the Sok-button). 245986222Swollman# 246086222Swollman# (2001-05-13): 246186222Swollman# 246286222Swollman# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 246386222Swollman# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 246486222Swollman# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 246586222Swollman# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 246686222Swollman# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 246786222Swollman# hour before the event took place. 246886222Swollman# 246986222Swollman# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 247086222Swollman 24712742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 247286222SwollmanZone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 247386222Swollman 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 247486222Swollman 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 247586222Swollman 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 247619878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1980 247719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 24782742Swollman 24792742Swollman# Switzerland 248058787Sru# From Howse: 24812742Swollman# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 24822742Swollman# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 24832742Swollman# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 24842742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 24852742Swollman# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): 2486187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 2487187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 2488158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2489187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 2490187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 2491187588Sedwin 2492187588Sedwin# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 2493187588Sedwin# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 2494187588Sedwin# 2495187588Sedwin# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 2496187588Sedwin# to be wrong. This is now verified. 2497187588Sedwin# 2498187588Sedwin# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 2499187588Sedwin# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 2500187588Sedwin# federal law collection)... 2501187588Sedwin# 2502187588Sedwin# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 2503187588Sedwin# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 2504187588Sedwin# 2505187588Sedwin# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 2506187588Sedwin# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 2507187588Sedwin# 2508187588Sedwin# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 2509187588Sedwin# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 2510187588Sedwin# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 2511187588Sedwin# other years are made. 2512187588Sedwin# 2513187588Sedwin# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 2514187588Sedwin# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 2515187588Sedwin# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 2516187588Sedwin# a thing had happened in Switzerland. 2517187588Sedwin# 2518187588Sedwin# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de 2519187588Sedwin# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 2520187588Sedwin# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 2521187588Sedwin# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 2522187588Sedwin# 2523187588Sedwin# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 2524187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2525187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2526187588Sedwin# 2527187588Sedwin# The 1940 rules must be deleted. 2528187588Sedwin# 2529187588Sedwin# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 2530187588Sedwin# most users of tzdata: 2531187588Sedwin# The zone file 2532187588Sedwin# Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 2533187588Sedwin# 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time 2534187588Sedwin# 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2535187588Sedwin# 1:00 EU CE%sT 2536187588Sedwin# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 2537187588Sedwin# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not 2538187588Sedwin# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 2539187588Sedwin# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 2540187588Sedwin 2541187588Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2542187588SedwinRule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2543187588SedwinRule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 25442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25452742SwollmanZone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 254619878Swollman 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 254719878Swollman 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 254819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 25492742Swollman 25502742Swollman# Turkey 2551169811Swollman 2552169811Swollman# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 2553169811Swollman# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 2554169811Swollman# ... The latest rules are available at - 2555169811Swollman# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 2556169811Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): 2557169811Swollman# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that 2558169811Swollman# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure 2559169811Swollman# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: 2560169811Swollman# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm 2561169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT 2562169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM 2563169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 2564169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 2565169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 2566169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): 2567169811Swollman# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. 2568169811Swollman 2569169811Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 2570169811Swollman# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 2571169811Swollman# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 2572169811Swollman# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 2573169811Swollman# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 2574169811Swollman# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 2575169811Swollman# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 2576169811Swollman# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 2577169811Swollman# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 2578169811Swollman 2579219687Sedwin# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 2580240461Sedwin# 2581219687Sedwin# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 2582219687Sedwin# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 2583219687Sedwin# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 2584240461Sedwin# 2585219687Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872"> 2586219687Sedwin# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 2587183066Sedwin# </a> 2588219687Sedwin# Turkish: 2589219687Sedwin# <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373"> 2590219687Sedwin# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 2591183066Sedwin# </a> 2592183066Sedwin 25932742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 259419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 25952742SwollmanRule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 259619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 25972742SwollmanRule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 259819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 25992742SwollmanRule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 260019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 26012742SwollmanRule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2602158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 2603158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 260419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 26052742SwollmanRule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 260619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 260719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 26082742SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 260919878SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 26102742SwollmanRule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 261119878SwollmanRule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2612158421Swollman# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 2613158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 26142742SwollmanRule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 261519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 26162742SwollmanRule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 261719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 26182742SwollmanRule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 261919878SwollmanRule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 26202742SwollmanRule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 262119878SwollmanRule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 262219878SwollmanRule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 262319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 26242742SwollmanRule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 262519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 26262742SwollmanRule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 262719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 26282742SwollmanRule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 262919878SwollmanRule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 26302742SwollmanRule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 263119878SwollmanRule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 26322742SwollmanRule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 263319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 26342742SwollmanRule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 263519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 26362742SwollmanRule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 263719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 263819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 26392742SwollmanRule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 264019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 26412742SwollmanRule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 264219878SwollmanRule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 264319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 26442742SwollmanRule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 264519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 26462742SwollmanRule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2647169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2648169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 2649169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2650169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2651169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 26522742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26532742SwollmanZone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 265419878Swollman 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 265519878Swollman 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 265619878Swollman 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2657169811Swollman 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 2658219687Sedwin 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 2659219687Sedwin 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 266020094Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 26612742SwollmanLink Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 26622742Swollman 26632742Swollman# Ukraine 2664114173Swollman# 2665114173Swollman# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice, 2666114173Swollman# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 2667114173Swollman# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment 2668114173Swollman# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 2669114173Swollman# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 2670114173Swollman# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 2671114173Swollman# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 2672114173Swollman 2673226298Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 2674226298Sedwin# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 2675226298Sedwin# abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 2676226298Sedwin# 2677226298Sedwin# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 2678226298Sedwin# approval from 266 deputies. 2679226298Sedwin# 2680226298Sedwin# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian) 2681226298Sedwin# <a href="http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/"> 2682226298Sedwin# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 2683226298Sedwin# </a> 2684226298Sedwin# 2685226298Sedwin# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 2686226298Sedwin# <a href="http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html"> 2687226298Sedwin# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 2688226298Sedwin# </a> 2689226298Sedwin# 2690226298Sedwin# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 2691226298Sedwin# <a href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/"> 2692226298Sedwin# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 2693226298Sedwin# </a> 2694226784Sedwin# 2695226784Sedwin# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 2696226784Sedwin# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 2697226784Sedwin# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 2698226784Sedwin# time this year after all. 2699226784Sedwin# 2700226784Sedwin# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 2701240461Sedwin# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukranian time zone 2702226784Sedwin# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 2703226784Sedwin# to Russia) was reverted today: 2704226784Sedwin# 2705226784Sedwin# <a href="http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995"> 2706226784Sedwin# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 2707226784Sedwin# </a> 2708226784Sedwin# 2709226784Sedwin# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 2710226784Sedwin# The law documents themselves are at 2711226784Sedwin# 2712226784Sedwin# <a href="http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484"> 2713226784Sedwin# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 2714226784Sedwin# </a> 2715226298Sedwin 2716226784Sedwin 27172742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 271858787Sru# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 2719171948Sedwin# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2720171948Sedwin# "Kiev" is more common in English. 27212742SwollmanZone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 272258787Sru 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 27232742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 272458787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 272558787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 272658787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 272758787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 272858787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 272958787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2730226784Sedwin 2:00 EU EE%sT 273158787Sru# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 2732171948Sedwin# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2733171948Sedwin# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 273458787SruZone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 273558787Sru 1:00 - CET 1940 273658787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 273758787Sru 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 273858787Sru 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 273958787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 274058787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 274158787Sru 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 274258787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 274358787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2744226784Sedwin 2:00 EU EE%sT 274558787Sru# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 2746171948Sedwin# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2747171948Sedwin# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 2748171948Sedwin# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 2749171948Sedwin# portable Posix file names. 275058787SruZone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 275158787Sru 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 275258787Sru 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 275358787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 275458787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 275558787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 275658787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2757226784Sedwin 2:00 EU EE%sT 275858787Sru# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 27592742SwollmanZone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 276058787Sru 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 27612742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 276258787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 276358787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 276458787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 276558787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 276658787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 2767158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 276858787Sru# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 276920094Swollman# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2770158421Swollman# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened 2771158421Swollman# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2772158421Swollman# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2773158421Swollman# changed in May. 277458787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 277543014Swollman# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 277658787Sru 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 277758787Sru 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 277843014Swollman# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 277943014Swollman# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 278064499Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 278164499Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2782226784Sedwin 2:00 EU EE%sT 27832742Swollman 27842742Swollman############################################################################### 27852742Swollman 27862742Swollman# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 27872742Swollman# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 27882742Swollman# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 27892742Swollman# 27902742Swollman# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 27912742Swollman# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 27922742Swollman# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 27932742Swollman# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 27942742Swollman# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 27952742Swollman# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 27962742Swollman 27972742Swollman# ... 27982742Swollman# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 2799149514Swollman# From: Tom Hofmann 28002742Swollman# ... 28012742Swollman# 28022742Swollman# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 28032742Swollman# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 28042742Swollman# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 28052742Swollman# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 28062742Swollman# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 28072742Swollman# years... 28082742Swollman# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 28092742Swollman# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 28102742Swollman# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 28112742Swollman# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 28122742Swollman# 28132742Swollman# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 28142742Swollman# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 28152742Swollman# 28162742Swollman# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 28172742Swollman# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 2818149514Swollman# ... 28192742Swollman 28202742Swollman# ... 28212742Swollman# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 2822149514Swollman# From: Dik T. Winter 28232742Swollman# ... 28242742Swollman# 28252742Swollman# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 28262742Swollman# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 28272742Swollman# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 28282742Swollman# 28292742Swollman# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 28302742Swollman# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 28312742Swollman# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 28322742Swollman# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 28332742Swollman# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 28342742Swollman# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 28352742Swollman# dates... 28362742Swollman# 28372742Swollman# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 28382742Swollman# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 28392742Swollman# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 28402742Swollman# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 28412742Swollman# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 28422742Swollman# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 28432742Swollman# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 28442742Swollman# in advance of normal time. 28452742Swollman# 28462742Swollman# ... 28472742Swollman# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 2848149514Swollman# ... 28492742Swollman 285019878Swollman# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 28512742Swollman# ... 28522742Swollman# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 28532742Swollman# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 28542742Swollman# ... 28552742Swollman# Monaco: has same DST as France. 28562742Swollman# ... 2857