europe revision 219687
1153761Swollman# <pre> 2219687Sedwin# @(#)europe 8.28 3192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 564499Swollman 62742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 72742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 82742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 92742Swollman 10158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 112742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 142742Swollman# 1586222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 1620094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 1720094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1820094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 1920094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 2020094Swollman# 21158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22158421Swollman# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 2320094Swollman# 2443543Swollman# Other sources occasionally used include: 252742Swollman# 2643543Swollman# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 2743543Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 2843543Swollman# which I found in the UCLA library. 2943543Swollman# 30121098Swollman# <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf"> 31121098Swollman# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 32121098Swollman# </a> (1914-03) 33121098Swollman# 3443543Swollman# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 3543543Swollman# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 3643543Swollman# History of Summer Time 3743543Swollman# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 3843543Swollman 3943543Swollman# 402742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 412742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 4219878Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 43114173Swollman# std dst 2dst 44114173Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 45114173Swollman# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 46114173Swollman# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 47114173Swollman# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 48114173Swollman# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 49114173Swollman# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 50114173Swollman# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 51114173Swollman# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 52114173Swollman# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 53114173Swollman# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 54114173Swollman# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 55114173Swollman# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 56114173Swollman# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 572742Swollman# 582742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 5958787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 602742Swollman 61149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 6214343Swollman# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 639908Swollman# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 649908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 659908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 669908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 679908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 689908Swollman# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 699908Swollman# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 709908Swollman# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 719908Swollman# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 729908Swollman# ... 7314343Swollman# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 7414343Swollman# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 759908Swollman# ... 769908Swollman# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 779908Swollman# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 789908Swollman# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 799908Swollman# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 809908Swollman# in the Directive. 819908Swollman 8219878Swollman 832742Swollman############################################################################### 842742Swollman 8543014Swollman# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 862742Swollman 87149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 882742Swollman# 892742Swollman# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 902742Swollman# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 912742Swollman# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 922742Swollman# of the text said: 932742Swollman# 942742Swollman# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 9521217Swollman# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 962742Swollman# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 972742Swollman# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 982742Swollman# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 992742Swollman# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 1002742Swollman# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 1012742Swollman# 1022742Swollman# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 10321217Swollman# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 1042742Swollman# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 1052742Swollman# 1062742Swollman# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 1072742Swollman 108149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 1092742Swollman# 1102742Swollman# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 1112742Swollman# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 1122742Swollman# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 11358787Sru# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 11458787Sru# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 1152742Swollman# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 1162742Swollman# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 11758787Sru# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 1182742Swollman# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 11958787Sru# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 12058787Sru# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 12158787Sru# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 1222742Swollman# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 12358787Sru# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 12458787Sru# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 1252742Swollman# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 1262742Swollman# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 1272742Swollman# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 1282742Swollman# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 12958787Sru# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 1302742Swollman# 1312742Swollman# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 13258787Sru# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 13358787Sru# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 1342742Swollman 135136638Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): 13617200Swollman# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 13743543Swollman# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 13858787Sru# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 13917200Swollman# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 14017200Swollman# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 14117200Swollman# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 14217200Swollman# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 143121098Swollman# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 144121098Swollman# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 145121098Swollman# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 146121098Swollman# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 147136638Swollman# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 148121098Swollman# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 149121098Swollman# designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 150121098Swollman# which is permanently set to Summer Time. 15117200Swollman 152121098Swollman# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 153121098Swollman# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 154121098Swollman# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 155121098Swollman# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 156121098Swollman# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 157121098Swollman# foundations of civilization throughout the world. 158121098Swollman# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> 159121098Swollman# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly 160121098Swollman# </a> 161121098Swollman 16219878Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 16319878Swollman# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' 16419878Swollman# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 16519878Swollman# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 16619878Swollman# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 16719878Swollman 16819878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 1692742Swollman# 1702742Swollman# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 1712742Swollman# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 1722742Swollman 1732742Swollman# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 174149514Swollman# From: Jonathan Leffler 1752742Swollman# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 1762742Swollman# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 1772742Swollman# politics making a fortune, not computing. 1782742Swollman 179149514Swollman# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 18043014Swollman# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 18143014Swollman# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 18243014Swollman# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 18343014Swollman# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 18443014Swollman 18558787Sru# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 18658787Sru# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 18758787Sru# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 18858787Sru# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 1892742Swollman 19075267Swollman# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 19167578Swollman# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 19267578Swollman# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 19367578Swollman# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 19467578Swollman# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 19567578Swollman# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 19675267Swollman# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 19767578Swollman# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png 19858787Sru 19967578Swollman# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 20067578Swollman# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 20167578Swollman# which is to be introduced in May.... 20267578Swollman# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 20367578Swollman# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 20467578Swollman 20567578Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 20667578Swollman# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common 20767578Swollman# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 20867578Swollman# so we use `BDST'. 20967578Swollman 210149514Swollman# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 21158787Sru# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 212149514Swollman# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 21358787Sru# and extending this list, which can be found in 21458787Sru# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> 21558787Sru# History of legal time in Britain 21693799Swollman# </a> 21758787Sru 218149514Swollman# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 21943014Swollman# 22043014Swollman# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 22143014Swollman# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 22243014Swollman# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 22343014Swollman# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 22443014Swollman# </a>. 2252742Swollman 226158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2272742Swollman# 228158421Swollman# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 2292742Swollman# 230158421Swollman# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 231158421Swollman# are incorrect: 23230711Swollman# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 2332742Swollman# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 2342742Swollman# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 2352742Swollman# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 2362742Swollman# It actually just had one transition. 23730711Swollman# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 2382742Swollman# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 23917200Swollman# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 24017200Swollman# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 24117200Swollman# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 2422742Swollman# 243158421Swollman# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 2442742Swollman# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 24530711Swollman# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 2462742Swollman# conform with Great Britain. 24758787Sru# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 24858787Sru# 249158421Swollman# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 25058787Sru# we'll ignore it for now. 25117200Swollman# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 2522742Swollman# 25317200Swollman# 254158421Swollman# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 255158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger. 25686222Swollman# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 25786222Swollman# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 25886222Swollman# to London. For example: 25986222Swollman# 26086222Swollman# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 26186222Swollman# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 2622742Swollman 263149514Swollman# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 264169811Swollman# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include 265149514Swollman# various relating to legal time, for example: 266169811Swollman# 267149514Swollman# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 268169811Swollman# 269149514Swollman# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 270149514Swollman# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 271169811Swollman# 272149514Swollman# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 273149514Swollman# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 274149514Swollman# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 275169811Swollman# 276149514Swollman# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 277149514Swollman# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 278149514Swollman# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 279149514Swollman# 280149514Swollman# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 281149514Swollman# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 282169811Swollman# 283169811Swollman# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 284169811Swollman# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 285149514Swollman# the laws applicable in Ireland.) 286169811Swollman# 287169811Swollman# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 288169811Swollman# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 289169811Swollman# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 290149514Swollman# being GMT+1.) 291149514Swollman 29258787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 29358787Sru# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 29458787Sru# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 29558787Sru# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 29658787Sru# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 29758787Sru# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 29858787Sru# and Frethun run in CT. 29958787Sru# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 30058787Sru# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 30158787Sru# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 30258787Sru# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 30358787Sru# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 30458787Sru# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 30558787Sru 30617200Swollman# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 30717200Swollman# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 30817200Swollman# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 30917200Swollman# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 31017200Swollman# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 31117200Swollman# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 31217200Swollman# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 31317200Swollman 3142742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 31543014Swollman# Summer Time Act, 1916 3162742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 3172742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 31843014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 3192742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 3202742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 32143014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 3222742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 3232742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 32443014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 3252742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 3262742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 32743014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 3282742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 32943014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 3302742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 33143014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 3322742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 3332742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 33443014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 3352742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 33658787SruRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 33743014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1922 3382742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 3392742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 34043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3412742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 34243014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1925 3432742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 34443014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3452742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 34643014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3472742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 34843014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3492742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 35043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3512742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 35243014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3532742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 35443014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 35543014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 35643014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 35743014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 35843014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 35919878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 3602742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 36143014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 36219878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 36343014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 3642742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 36543014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 36643014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 36743014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 36843014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 36943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 37043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 37143014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1947 3722742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 37319878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 3742742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 3752742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 37643014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 3772742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 37843014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 37943014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 3802742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 38143014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 38243014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 38343014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 38443014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 38543014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 3862742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 38743014Swollman# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 38843014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 38943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 39043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3912742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 39243014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3932742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 39443014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 39543014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 39643014Swollman# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 39743014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 3982742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 39943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 40043014Swollman# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 40143014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 40243014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 4032742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 40443014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 40517200SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 40643014Swollman# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 40743014Swollman# (no summer time) 40843014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1972 4092742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4102742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 41143014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 41243014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 41343014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 41443014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 4159908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 4169908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 41743014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 41843014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 41943014Swollman# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 4209908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 42143014Swollman# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 42217200Swollman# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 4232742Swollman 4242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 425158421SwollmanZone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 42617200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 42717200Swollman 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 4289908Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 42917200Swollman 0:00 EU GMT/BST 430163302SruLink Europe/London Europe/Jersey 431163302SruLink Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 432163302SruLink Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 43386222SwollmanZone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 43486222Swollman -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 43543014Swollman -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 43619878Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 43717200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 43817200Swollman 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 4392742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 44017200Swollman 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 4412742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 44217200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 44317200Swollman 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 44417200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 44517200Swollman 0:00 EU GMT/IST 4462742Swollman 4472742Swollman############################################################################### 4482742Swollman 449171948Sedwin# Europe 4502742Swollman 45117200Swollman# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 45217200Swollman# Common Market, etc. 4539908Swollman 4549908Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 45519878SwollmanRule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 45617200SwollmanRule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 45717200SwollmanRule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 45817200SwollmanRule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 45919878SwollmanRule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 46017200SwollmanRule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 46175267Swollman# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 462196581Sedwin# <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT"> 46375267Swollman# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 46475267Swollman# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 46575267Swollman# </a> 4669908Swollman 46717200Swollman# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 46819878SwollmanRule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 4692742SwollmanRule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 4702742SwollmanRule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 4719908SwollmanRule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 47219878SwollmanRule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 4739908SwollmanRule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 4742742Swollman 47519878Swollman# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 47619878Swollman# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 47719878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 47819878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 47919878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 48019878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 48119878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 48219878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 48319878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 48419878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 485181421SedwinRule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 486158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 48719878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 488181424Sedwin# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 489181424Sedwin# 490181424Sedwin# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 491181424Sedwin# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 492181424Sedwin# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the 493181424Sedwin# tz database itself, as seen below: 494181424Sedwin# 495181424Sedwin# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 496181424Sedwin# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 497181424Sedwin# 498181424Sedwin# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 499181424Sedwin# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 500181424Sedwin# 501181424Sedwin# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 502181424Sedwin# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 503181424Sedwin# 504181424Sedwin# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 505181424Sedwin# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 506181424Sedwin# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 507181424Sedwin# 508181424Sedwin# The rule line to be changed is: 509181424Sedwin# 510181424Sedwin# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 511181424Sedwin# 512181424Sedwin# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 513181424Sedwin# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 514181424Sedwin# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 515181424Sedwin# affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms 516181424Sedwin# CET and MET: 517181424Sedwin# 518181424Sedwin# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 519181424Sedwin# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 520181424Sedwin# 521181424Sedwin# It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 522181424Sedwin# 523181424Sedwin# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 524181424Sedwin# 525181424Sedwin# A small step for mankind though 8-) 526181424SedwinRule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 52719878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 52819878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 52919878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 53019878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 53119878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 53219878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 5332742Swollman 53420094Swollman# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 53520094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 53620094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 53720094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 53820094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 53920094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 54020094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 54120094Swollman 5422742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 54320094SwollmanRule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 54420094SwollmanRule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 54520094SwollmanRule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 54658787SruRule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 54720094SwollmanRule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 54820094SwollmanRule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 54920094SwollmanRule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 55020094SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 55143014SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 55220094SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 55320094SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 55443014Swollman# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 55520094SwollmanRule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 55620094SwollmanRule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 55743014Swollman# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 55843014Swollman# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 55920094SwollmanRule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 56020094SwollmanRule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 56143014Swollman# 56220094SwollmanRule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 56320094SwollmanRule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 56420094SwollmanRule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 56520094SwollmanRule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 56620094SwollmanRule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 5672742Swollman 5682742Swollman# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 5692742Swollman 5702742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 57119878SwollmanZone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 57219878SwollmanZone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 57319878SwollmanZone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 57419878SwollmanZone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 5752742Swollman 57619878Swollman# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 57719878Swollman# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 5782742Swollman 579149514Swollman# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 58019878Swollman# The official German names ... are 58119878Swollman# 58219878Swollman# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 58319878Swollman# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 58419878Swollman# 58519878Swollman# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 58619878Swollman# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 58719878Swollman# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 58819878Swollman# 58919878Swollman# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 59019878Swollman# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 59119878Swollman# Postfach 3345 59219878Swollman# D-38023 Braunschweig 59319878Swollman# phone: +49 531 592-0 59419878Swollman# 59519878Swollman# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 59619878Swollman# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 59719878Swollman# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 59819878Swollman# 59919878Swollman# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 60019878Swollman# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 6012742Swollman 60219878Swollman 6032742Swollman# Albania 6042742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 60519878SwollmanRule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 6062742SwollmanRule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 60719878SwollmanRule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 6082742SwollmanRule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 60919878SwollmanRule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 6102742SwollmanRule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 61119878SwollmanRule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 6122742SwollmanRule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 61319878SwollmanRule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 6142742SwollmanRule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 61519878SwollmanRule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 6162742SwollmanRule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 61719878SwollmanRule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 6182742SwollmanRule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 61919878SwollmanRule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 6202742SwollmanRule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 62119878SwollmanRule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 6222742SwollmanRule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 62319878SwollmanRule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 6242742SwollmanRule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 62519878SwollmanRule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 6262742SwollmanRule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 62719878SwollmanRule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 6282742SwollmanRule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 62919878SwollmanRule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 6302742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6312742SwollmanZone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 63219878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 63330711Swollman 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 63420094Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 6352742Swollman 6362742Swollman# Andorra 6372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6382742SwollmanZone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 6392742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 64019878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 64119878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 6422742Swollman 6432742Swollman# Austria 644114173Swollman 645158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 646114173Swollman# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 647114173Swollman# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 648114173Swollman# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 649158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 650158421Swollman# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 651114173Swollman 6522742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65319878SwollmanRule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 6542742SwollmanRule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 65519878SwollmanRule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 6562742SwollmanRule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 65719878SwollmanRule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 65819878SwollmanRule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 659114173SwollmanRule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 660114173SwollmanRule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 6612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6622742SwollmanZone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr 663114173Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 664114173Swollman 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 665114173Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 666114173Swollman 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 667114173Swollman 1:00 - CET 1946 66819878Swollman 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 66919878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 6702742Swollman 6712742Swollman# Belarus 6722742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6732742SwollmanZone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 67443014Swollman 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 6752742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 67643014Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 67743014Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 67858787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 67958787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 68019878Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 68158787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 68258787Sru 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 68320094Swollman 2:00 Russia EE%sT 6842742Swollman 6852742Swollman# Belgium 68630711Swollman# 68730711Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 68830711Swollman# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 68930711Swollman# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 69030711Swollman# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 69130711Swollman# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 69230711Swollman# pp 8-9. 69330711Swollman# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 69430711Swollman# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 695149514Swollman# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 69630711Swollman# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 69730711Swollman# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 69875267Swollman# 6992742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 70030711SwollmanRule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 70130711SwollmanRule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 70219878SwollmanRule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 70330711SwollmanRule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 7042742SwollmanRule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 70530711SwollmanRule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 7062742SwollmanRule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 70719878SwollmanRule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 70830711SwollmanRule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 70919878SwollmanRule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 71019878SwollmanRule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 71119878SwollmanRule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 71243543Swollman# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 71343543Swollman# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 71443543Swollman# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 71543543Swollman# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 71619878SwollmanRule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 71719878SwollmanRule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 71819878SwollmanRule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 71930711SwollmanRule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 72019878SwollmanRule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 72119878SwollmanRule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 72219878SwollmanRule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 72330711SwollmanRule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 72419878SwollmanRule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 72519878SwollmanRule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 72619878SwollmanRule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 72719878SwollmanRule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 72819878SwollmanRule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 72919878SwollmanRule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 73019878SwollmanRule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 7312742SwollmanRule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 73230711SwollmanRule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 73330711SwollmanRule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 73419878SwollmanRule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 7352742SwollmanRule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 73619878SwollmanRule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 7372742SwollmanRule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 7382742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 73930711SwollmanZone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 74030711Swollman 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 74130711Swollman 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 74230711Swollman 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 74330711Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 74430711Swollman 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 74530711Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 74619878Swollman 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 74719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 7482742Swollman 7492742Swollman# Bosnia and Herzegovina 750163302Sru# see Serbia 7512742Swollman 7522742Swollman# Bulgaria 75358787Sru# 754149514Swollman# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 75558787Sru# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 75658787Sru# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 75758787Sru# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 75858787Sru# 7592742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 76019878SwollmanRule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 7612742SwollmanRule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 762158421SwollmanRule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 7632742SwollmanRule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 7642742SwollmanRule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 7652742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7662742SwollmanZone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 76719878Swollman 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 7682742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 769181424Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 770181424Sedwin 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 7712742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 77219878Swollman 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 77320094Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 77458787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 77558787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 7762742Swollman 7772742Swollman# Croatia 778163302Sru# see Serbia 7792742Swollman 780136638Swollman# Cyprus 781138323Swollman# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 782136638Swollman 7832742Swollman# Czech Republic 7842742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 78519878SwollmanRule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 7862742SwollmanRule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 78719878SwollmanRule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 7882742SwollmanRule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 78919878SwollmanRule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 79019878SwollmanRule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 79119878SwollmanRule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 7922742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7932742SwollmanZone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 79419878Swollman 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 79519878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 79619878Swollman 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 79719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 7982742Swollman 799169811Swollman# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 800149514Swollman 801149514Swollman# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 802149514Swollman# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 803149514Swollman# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 804149514Swollman# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 805149514Swollman# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 806149514Swollman# 807149514Swollman# The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 808149514Swollman# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 809149514Swollman# 810149514Swollman# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 811149514Swollman# in subsequenet decrees with the law 812149514Swollman# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 813149514Swollman# 814149514Swollman# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 815149514Swollman# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 816149514Swollman# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 817149514Swollman# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 818149514Swollman# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 819149514Swollman# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 820149514Swollman# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 821149514Swollman# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 822149514Swollman# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 823149514Swollman# was suspended on that night): 824149514Swollman# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 825149514Swollman 826149514Swollman# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 827149514Swollman# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 828149514Swollman# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 829149514Swollman 830149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 831149514Swollman# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 832149514Swollman# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 833149514Swollman 8342742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 83519878SwollmanRule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 8362742SwollmanRule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 83719878SwollmanRule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 83819878SwollmanRule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 8392742SwollmanRule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 84019878SwollmanRule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 8412742SwollmanRule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 84219878SwollmanRule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 8432742SwollmanRule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 84419878SwollmanRule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 8452742SwollmanRule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 8462742Swollman# 8472742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8482742SwollmanZone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 849149514Swollman 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 85019878Swollman 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 85119878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 85219878Swollman 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 85319878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 854169811SwollmanZone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 8559908Swollman 0:00 - WET 1981 85619878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 85720094Swollman# 858149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 859149514Swollman# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 860149514Swollman# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 861149514Swollman# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 862149514Swollman# 863158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 86420094Swollman# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 86520094Swollman# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 866158421Swollman# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab 86720094Swollman# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 86820094Swollman# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 86920094Swollman 87086222Swollman# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing 87186222Swollman# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 87286222Swollman# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 87320094Swollman# 87486222Swollman# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 87586222Swollman# is according to the following time line: 87686222Swollman# 87786222Swollman# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 87886222Swollman# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 87986222Swollman# Scoresbysund UTC-1 88086222Swollman# Danmarkshavn UTC 88186222Swollman# 88286222Swollman# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 88386222Swollman# introduced. 88486222Swollman 88593799Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 886114173Swollman# 88793799Swollman# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 88893799Swollman# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 88993799Swollman# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 89093799Swollman# info from earlier correspondence.] 89193799Swollman# 89293799Swollman# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 89393799Swollman# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 89493799Swollman# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 89593799Swollman# 89693799Swollman# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 89793799Swollman# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 89893799Swollman# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 89993799Swollman# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 90093799Swollman# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 90193799Swollman# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 90293799Swollman# DPC research station at Zackenberg. 90393799Swollman# 90493799Swollman# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 90593799Swollman# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab). 90693799Swollman# 90793799Swollman# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it 90893799Swollman# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 90993799Swollman# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 91093799Swollman# 91193799Swollman# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 91293799Swollman# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 91393799Swollman# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 91493799Swollman# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be 91593799Swollman# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 91693799Swollman 91793799Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 91893799Swollman# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 91993799Swollman# there at 2:00 AM. 92093799Swollman 921158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 922158421Swollman# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 923158421Swollman# the 1995 map as like Godthab. 92486222Swollman# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. 92593799Swollman# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 926158421Swollman# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 927158421Swollman# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 92886222Swollman# 92920094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 93093799SwollmanRule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 93193799SwollmanRule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 932158421SwollmanRule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 933158421SwollmanRule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 934158421SwollmanRule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 935158421SwollmanRule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 93620094Swollman# 93720094Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93886222SwollmanZone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 93986222Swollman -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 94086222Swollman -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 94186222Swollman 0:00 - GMT 942163302SruZone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 94319878Swollman -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 94419878Swollman -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 94520094Swollman -1:00 EU EG%sT 94620094SwollmanZone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 9472742Swollman -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 94820094Swollman -3:00 EU WG%sT 94967578SwollmanZone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 95020094Swollman -4:00 Thule A%sT 9512742Swollman 9522742Swollman# Estonia 953149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 9549908Swollman# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 9559908Swollman# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 9569908Swollman# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 95720094Swollman# 958149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 95920094Swollman# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 96020094Swollman# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 96120094Swollman# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 96220094Swollman# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 96320094Swollman# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 96420094Swollman# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 96520094Swollman# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 96620094Swollman# summer time next spring.'' 96743543Swollman 968149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 96943543Swollman# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 97043543Swollman# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 97143543Swollman# </a> 97243543Swollman# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 97343543Swollman# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 97443543Swollman# 97543543Swollman# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 97643543Swollman# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 97743543Swollman# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 97843543Swollman 97958787Sru# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 98058787Sru# via Steffen Thorsen: 98158787Sru# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 98258787Sru# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 98358787Sru# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 98458787Sru# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 98558787Sru# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 98675267Swollman# after that. 98758787Sru 98858787Sru# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 98958787Sru# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 99058787Sru# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 99158787Sru# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 99258787Sru 99393799Swollman# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 99493799Swollman# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 99593799Swollman# Now we are using again EU rules. 99693799Swollman# 99793799Swollman# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28): 99893799Swollman# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 99993799Swollman 10002742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10012742SwollmanZone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 100219878Swollman 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 100319878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 100419878Swollman 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 10052742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 100620094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 100719878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 100820094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 100919878Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 101043543Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 101158787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 101293799Swollman 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 101393799Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 10142742Swollman 10152742Swollman# Finland 1016210718Sedwin 1017158421Swollman# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 10189908Swollman# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 10199908Swollman# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1020210718Sedwin 1021210718Sedwin# From Janne Snabb (2010-0715): 10229908Swollman# 1023210718Sedwin# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1024210718Sedwin# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1025210718Sedwin# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1026210718Sedwin# according to the central European standards. 10279908Swollman# 1028210718Sedwin# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1029210718Sedwin# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1030210718Sedwin# Finnish) at 1031210718Sedwin# 1032210718Sedwin# <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf"> 1033210718Sedwin# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1034210718Sedwin# </a> 1035210718Sedwin# 1036210718Sedwin# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1037210718Sedwin# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1038210718Sedwin# 1039210718Sedwin# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1040210718Sedwin# 1041210718Sedwin# <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401"> 1042210718Sedwin# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1043210718Sedwin# </a> 1044210718Sedwin# 1045210718Sedwin# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1046210718Sedwin# exist tonight." 1047210718Sedwin 10482742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 104919878SwollmanRule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 10502742SwollmanRule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1051210718SedwinRule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1052210718SedwinRule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 10532742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10542742SwollmanZone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 105519878Swollman 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1056210718Sedwin 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 105719878Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 10582742Swollman 1059136638Swollman# Aaland Is 1060136638SwollmanLink Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1061136638Swollman 1062136638Swollman 10632742Swollman# France 106475267Swollman 106575267Swollman# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 106619878Swollman# 106775267Swollman# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions 106875267Swollman# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 106975267Swollman# 107075267Swollman# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, 107175267Swollman# Paris, 1991 107275267Swollman# 107375267Swollman# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, 107475267Swollman# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 107575267Swollman 107675267Swollman 107775267Swollman# 1078158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 10792742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 108019878SwollmanRule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 108143014SwollmanRule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 108219878SwollmanRule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 108319878SwollmanRule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 108419878SwollmanRule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 108519878SwollmanRule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 10862742SwollmanRule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 108719878SwollmanRule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 10882742SwollmanRule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 108919878SwollmanRule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 109043543Swollman# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 109143543Swollman# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1092158421Swollman# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 10932742SwollmanRule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 109419878SwollmanRule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 109519878SwollmanRule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 109619878SwollmanRule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 109719878SwollmanRule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 109819878SwollmanRule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 109919878SwollmanRule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 110019878SwollmanRule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 110119878SwollmanRule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 110219878SwollmanRule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 110319878SwollmanRule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 110419878SwollmanRule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 110519878SwollmanRule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 110619878SwollmanRule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 110719878SwollmanRule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 110819878SwollmanRule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 110919878SwollmanRule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 111019878SwollmanRule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 11112742SwollmanRule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 111219878SwollmanRule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1113158421Swollman# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1114158421Swollman# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 111575267Swollman# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, 111675267Swollman# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La 111775267Swollman# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes, 111875267Swollman# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 111975267Swollman# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, 112075267Swollman# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe). 112143014SwollmanRule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1122158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1123149514Swollman# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 112443014Swollman# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 112543014Swollman# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 112643014SwollmanRule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 112743014SwollmanRule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 112819878SwollmanRule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 112943014SwollmanRule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 113043014SwollmanRule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 113143014SwollmanRule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 113219878SwollmanRule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 113343014SwollmanRule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 11342742SwollmanRule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1135158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 113643014Swollman# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 113743014SwollmanRule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 113843014SwollmanRule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1139158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 114014343Swollman# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 114114343Swollman# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 114214343Swollman# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 11432742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 114443014SwollmanZone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 114575267Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1146158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 114743014Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 114875267Swollman# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1149158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 115019878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 115143014Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 115219878Swollman 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 115319878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 11542742Swollman 115519878Swollman# Germany 11568049Swollman 1157149514Swollman# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 115843014Swollman# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 115943014Swollman# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1160114173Swollman# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 116143014Swollman 1162114173Swollman# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1163181424Sedwin# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1164181424Sedwin# <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> 1165114173Swollman# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. 1166114173Swollman 1167114173Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1168114173Swollman# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf"> 1169181421Sedwin# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1170181421Sedwin# </a> 1171114173Swollman# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1172114173Swollman# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1173114173Swollman# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1174114173Swollman 1175114173Swollman 11762742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 117719878SwollmanRule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 117843014SwollmanRule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 117943014SwollmanRule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1180181421Sedwin# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1181181421Sedwin# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1182181421Sedwin# Go with the PTB. 1183181421SedwinRule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 118443014SwollmanRule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 118519878SwollmanRule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 118619878SwollmanRule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 118719878SwollmanRule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1188181421Sedwin 1189181421SedwinRule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1190181421SedwinRule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1191181421SedwinRule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1192181421Sedwin 11932742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11942742SwollmanZone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1195181421Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1196181421Sedwin 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 119719878Swollman 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 119819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 11992742Swollman 1200138323Swollman# Georgia 1201138323Swollman# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1202138323Swollman# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1203138323Swollman# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1204138323Swollman 12052742Swollman# Gibraltar 12062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1207158421SwollmanZone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 12082742Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 120919878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1982 121019878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 12112742Swollman 12122742Swollman# Greece 12132742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1214158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 121519878SwollmanRule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 12162742SwollmanRule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1217158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 121819878SwollmanRule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1219158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 12202742SwollmanRule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 122119878SwollmanRule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 12222742SwollmanRule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1223158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 122419878SwollmanRule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 12252742SwollmanRule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 122619878SwollmanRule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 12272742SwollmanRule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 122819878SwollmanRule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 12292742SwollmanRule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 123019878SwollmanRule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 12312742SwollmanRule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 12322742SwollmanRule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 123319878SwollmanRule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 12342742SwollmanRule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 123519878SwollmanRule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 12362742SwollmanRule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 12372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12382742SwollmanZone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 123919878Swollman 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 124019878Swollman 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 124119878Swollman 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 124219878Swollman 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1243158421Swollman # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 124421217Swollman # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 124519878Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 12462742Swollman 12472742Swollman# Hungary 12482742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 124919878SwollmanRule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 125017200SwollmanRule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 125119878SwollmanRule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 12522742SwollmanRule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 125319878SwollmanRule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 12542742SwollmanRule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 125519878SwollmanRule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 12562742SwollmanRule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 125719878SwollmanRule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 12582742SwollmanRule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 125919878SwollmanRule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 126019878SwollmanRule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 12612742SwollmanRule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 126219878SwollmanRule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 12632742SwollmanRule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 126419878SwollmanRule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 12652742SwollmanRule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 126619878SwollmanRule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 12672742SwollmanRule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 126819878SwollmanRule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 12692742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12702742SwollmanZone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 127119878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 127219878Swollman 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1273181424Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 127419878Swollman 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 127519878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 12762742Swollman 12772742Swollman# Iceland 12782742Swollman# 1279149514Swollman# From Adam David (1993-11-06): 12802742Swollman# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 12812742Swollman# 128219878Swollman# (1993-12-05): 12832742Swollman# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 12842742Swollman# Iceland Almanak. 12852742Swollman# 12862742Swollman# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 12872742Swollman# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 12882742Swollman# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 12892742Swollman# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 12902742Swollman# 12912742Swollman# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 12922742Swollman# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 12932742Swollman# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 12942742Swollman# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 12952742Swollman# 129619878Swollman# (1993-12-10): 12972742Swollman# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 12982742Swollman# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 12992742Swollman# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 13002742Swollman# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 13012742Swollman# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 13022742Swollman# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 13032742Swollman# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 130419878Swollman# might mean something else (???). 13052742Swollman# 1306158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1307158421Swollman# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points. 1308158421Swollman# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely 1309158421Swollman# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 13102742Swollman# 13112742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 131219878SwollmanRule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 131319878SwollmanRule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 131419878SwollmanRule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 131519878SwollmanRule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 131619878SwollmanRule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 131719878SwollmanRule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 131819878SwollmanRule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 131919878SwollmanRule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 132019878SwollmanRule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 132119878SwollmanRule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 132219878SwollmanRule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 13232742Swollman# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 132419878SwollmanRule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 132519878SwollmanRule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 13262742Swollman# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 132719878SwollmanRule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 13282742Swollman# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 132919878SwollmanRule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 133019878SwollmanRule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 133119878SwollmanRule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 13322742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13332742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 133419878Swollman -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 133519878Swollman -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 13362742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 13372742Swollman 13382742Swollman# Italy 133919878Swollman# 134075267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 134175267Swollman# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 134286222Swollman# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 134375267Swollman# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 134475267Swollman# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 134575267Swollman# so record only the time in Rome. 134675267Swollman# 1347158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1348158421Swollman# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1349158421Swollman# F. Pollastri 135075267Swollman# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1351158421Swollman# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 135243014Swollman# </a> 135343014Swollman# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 135443014Swollman# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 135517200Swollman# 1356158421Swollman# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 135717200Swollman# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 135817200Swollman# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 135917200Swollman# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 136017200Swollman# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 136117200Swollman# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 136217200Swollman# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 136317200Swollman# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 136417200Swollman# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 136517200Swollman# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 136617200Swollman# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 136719878Swollman# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 136817200Swollman# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 136917200Swollman# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 137017200Swollman# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 137117200Swollman# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 137217200Swollman# 13732742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 137419878SwollmanRule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 137517200SwollmanRule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 137619878SwollmanRule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 13772742SwollmanRule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 137819878SwollmanRule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 13792742SwollmanRule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 138019878SwollmanRule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 138119878SwollmanRule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 138217200SwollmanRule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 138319878SwollmanRule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 138417200SwollmanRule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 138519878SwollmanRule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 138617200SwollmanRule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 138719878SwollmanRule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 13882742SwollmanRule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 138919878SwollmanRule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 13902742SwollmanRule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 139119878SwollmanRule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 13922742SwollmanRule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 139319878SwollmanRule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 13942742SwollmanRule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 139519878SwollmanRule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 139619878SwollmanRule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 13972742SwollmanRule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 139819878SwollmanRule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 13992742SwollmanRule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 14002742SwollmanRule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 140119878SwollmanRule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 14022742SwollmanRule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 140319878SwollmanRule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 140419878SwollmanRule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 14052742SwollmanRule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 140619878SwollmanRule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 140719878SwollmanRule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 14082742SwollmanRule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 14092742SwollmanRule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 14102742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 14112742SwollmanZone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1412158421Swollman 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 141319878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 141419878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 141519878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 141619878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 14172742Swollman 14189908SwollmanLink Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 14199908SwollmanLink Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 14209908Swollman 14212742Swollman# Latvia 142243014Swollman 1423149514Swollman# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 142443014Swollman 142543014Swollman# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 142643014Swollman# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 142743014Swollman# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 142843014Swollman# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 142943014Swollman# 143043014Swollman# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 143143014Swollman# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 143243014Swollman# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 143343014Swollman# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 143443014Swollman# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 143543014Swollman# 143643014Swollman# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 143743014Swollman# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 143843014Swollman# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 143943014Swollman# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 144043014Swollman# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 144143014Swollman# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 144243014Swollman# 144343014Swollman# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 144443014Swollman# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 144543014Swollman# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 144643014Swollman# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 144743014Swollman# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 144843014Swollman# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 144943014Swollman# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 145043014Swollman# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 145143014Swollman# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 145243014Swollman# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 145343014Swollman# 145443014Swollman# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 145543014Swollman# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 145643014Swollman# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 145743014Swollman 145858787Sru# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 145958787Sru# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 146058787Sru# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 146158787Sru# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 146258787Sru# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 146358787Sru 146475267Swollman# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> 146575267Swollman# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 146675267Swollman# </a> 146775267Swollman# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 146875267Swollman# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 146975267Swollman# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 147075267Swollman# clocks one hour in the spring.... 147175267Swollman# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few 147275267Swollman# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 147375267Swollman# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 147475267Swollman# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 147575267Swollman# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 147675267Swollman# appears that they will not do so.... 147775267Swollman 147820094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 147943014SwollmanRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 148043014SwollmanRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 14812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 14822742SwollmanZone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 148319878Swollman 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 148419878Swollman 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 148519878Swollman 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 148619878Swollman 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 148719878Swollman 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 14882742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 148920094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 149043014Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 149143014Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 149243014Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 149343014Swollman 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 149458787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1495121098Swollman 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 149675267Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 14972742Swollman 14982742Swollman# Liechtenstein 14992742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15002742SwollmanZone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 150119878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1981 150219878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 15032742Swollman 15042742Swollman# Lithuania 150558787Sru 150658787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 150758787Sru# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 150858787Sru# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 150958787Sru 1510149514Swollman# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 151158787Sru# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 151258787Sru# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 151358787Sru 151458787Sru# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 151558787Sru# via Steffen Thorsen: 151658787Sru# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 151758787Sru# to be valid here starting from October 31, 151858787Sru# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 151958787Sru# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 152058787Sru# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 152175267Swollman# already done by Estonia. 152258787Sru 152364499Swollman# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> 152464499Swollman# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 152564499Swollman# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 152664499Swollman 1527114173Swollman# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1528114173Swollman# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1529114173Swollman# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1530114173Swollman# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1531114173Swollman# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1532114173Swollman# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1533114173Swollman# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1534114173Swollman 1535114173Swollman 15362742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15372742SwollmanZone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 153819878Swollman 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 153919878Swollman 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 154019878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 15412742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 154219878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 154320094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 154419878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 154520094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 154619878Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 154743014Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 154843014Swollman 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 154958787Sru 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1550114173Swollman 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1551114173Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 15522742Swollman 15532742Swollman# Luxembourg 1554158421Swollman# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1555158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 15562742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 155719878SwollmanRule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 15582742SwollmanRule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 155919878SwollmanRule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 15602742SwollmanRule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 156119878SwollmanRule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 15622742SwollmanRule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 156319878SwollmanRule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 15642742SwollmanRule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 156519878SwollmanRule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 15662742SwollmanRule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 156719878SwollmanRule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 15682742SwollmanRule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 156919878SwollmanRule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 15702742SwollmanRule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 157119878SwollmanRule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 15722742SwollmanRule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 157319878SwollmanRule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 15742742SwollmanRule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 157519878SwollmanRule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 157619878SwollmanRule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 157719878SwollmanRule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 157819878SwollmanRule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 157919878SwollmanRule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 15802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15812742SwollmanZone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 158219878Swollman 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 158319878Swollman 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 158419878Swollman 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 158519878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 158619878Swollman 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 158719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 15882742Swollman 15892742Swollman# Macedonia 1590163302Sru# see Serbia 15912742Swollman 15922742Swollman# Malta 15932742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 159419878SwollmanRule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 15952742SwollmanRule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 159619878SwollmanRule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 15972742SwollmanRule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 159819878SwollmanRule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 15992742SwollmanRule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 160019878SwollmanRule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 16012742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1602158421SwollmanZone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 160319878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 160419878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 160519878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 160619878Swollman 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 160719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 16082742Swollman 16092742Swollman# Moldova 161075267Swollman 1611158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1612158421Swollman# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1613158421Swollman# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 161475267Swollman# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 161575267Swollman# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 161675267Swollman# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 161775267Swollman# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1618149514Swollman# But [two people] separately reported via 161975267Swollman# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 162075267Swollman# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 162175267Swollman 16222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 162358787SruZone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 162458787Sru 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 162558787Sru 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 162658787Sru 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 162758787Sru 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 162858787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 162958787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 163058787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 163158787Sru 2:00 - EET 1991 163258787Sru 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 163358787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 163458787Sru# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 163558787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 16362742Swollman 16372742Swollman# Monaco 1638158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1639158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21. 16402742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 16412742SwollmanZone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 164214343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 164319878Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 164419878Swollman 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 164519878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 16462742Swollman 1647163302Sru# Montenegro 1648163302Sru# see Serbia 1649163302Sru 16502742Swollman# Netherlands 165186222Swollman 165214343Swollman# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 165314343Swollman# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 165486222Swollman 165586222Swollman# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 165686222Swollman# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 165786222Swollman# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 165886222Swollman# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 165986222Swollman# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 166086222Swollman# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 166186222Swollman# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 166286222Swollman# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 166386222Swollman# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 166486222Swollman# 166586222Swollman# (2001-04-08): 166686222Swollman# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 166786222Swollman# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 166886222Swollman# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 166986222Swollman# 167086222Swollman# (2001-04-09): 167186222Swollman# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 167286222Swollman# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 167386222Swollman# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 167486222Swollman# actually followed. 167586222Swollman# 167686222Swollman# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 167786222Swollman# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 167886222Swollman# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 167986222Swollman# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 168086222Swollman# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 168186222Swollman# 168286222Swollman# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 168386222Swollman# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 168486222Swollman# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 168586222Swollman# Amsterdam mean time. 168686222Swollman 168786222Swollman# The data before 1945 are taken from 168875267Swollman# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. 168986222Swollman 16902742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 169175267SwollmanRule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 169275267SwollmanRule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 16932742SwollmanRule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 16942742SwollmanRule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 16952742SwollmanRule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 169686222SwollmanRule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 169775267SwollmanRule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 169819878SwollmanRule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 169975267SwollmanRule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 170075267SwollmanRule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 170175267SwollmanRule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 170286222Swollman# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 170386222Swollman# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 17042742SwollmanRule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 17052742SwollmanRule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 17062742SwollmanRule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 17072742SwollmanRule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 170819878SwollmanRule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 170919878SwollmanRule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 171019878SwollmanRule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 171119878SwollmanRule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 171275267SwollmanRule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 171386222Swollman# 171486222Swollman# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 171586222Swollman# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 17162742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 171786222SwollmanZone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 171886222Swollman 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 171986222Swollman 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 172019878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 172119878Swollman 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 172219878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 17232742Swollman 17242742Swollman# Norway 1725158421Swollman# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1726158421Swollman# Pottenger. 17272742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 172819878SwollmanRule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 17292742SwollmanRule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 173019878SwollmanRule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 17312742SwollmanRule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 173219878SwollmanRule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 17332742SwollmanRule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 173419878SwollmanRule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 17352742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 173686222SwollmanZone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 173719878Swollman 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 173819878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 173919878Swollman 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 174019878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 174143014Swollman 174243014Swollman# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 174386222Swollman 174486222Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 174586222Swollman# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 174686222Swollman# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 174786222Swollman# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 174886222Swollman# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 174986222Swollman# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 175086222Swollman# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and 175186222Swollman# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation 175286222Swollman# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 175386222Swollman# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 175486222Swollman# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 175586222Swollman# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been 175686222Swollman# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 175786222Swollman# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by 175886222Swollman# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 175986222Swollman# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 176086222Swollman# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 176186222Swollman# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 176286222Swollman 176386222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01): 176486222Swollman# 176586222Swollman# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1766138323Swollman# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 176786222Swollman# keeping Berlin time. 176886222Swollman# 176986222Swollman# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 177086222Swollman# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 177186222Swollman# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 177286222Swollman# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 177386222Swollman# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 177486222Swollman# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 177586222Swollman# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 177686222Swollman# 177786222Swollman# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 177886222Swollman# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 177986222Swollman# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 178086222Swollman# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 178186222Swollman# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 178286222Swollman# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1783149514Swollman# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> 178486222Swollman# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 178586222Swollman# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 178686222Swollman# 178786222Swollman# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can 178886222Swollman# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the 178986222Swollman# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now: 179019878SwollmanLink Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 17912742Swollman 17922742Swollman# Poland 17932742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17942742SwollmanRule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 179519878SwollmanRule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1796158421SwollmanRule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 1797158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 17982742SwollmanRule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1799158421Swollman# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 180019878SwollmanRule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 18012742SwollmanRule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1802149514Swollman# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 1803149514Swollman# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 1804149514Swollman# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1> 1805149514Swollman# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 1806149514Swollman# He also gives these further references: 1807149514Swollman# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 1808149514Swollman# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 1809149514SwollmanRule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 1810149514SwollmanRule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1811149514SwollmanRule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1812149514SwollmanRule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1813149514SwollmanRule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1814149514SwollmanRule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 181519878SwollmanRule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 18162742SwollmanRule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 181719878SwollmanRule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 181819878SwollmanRule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 18192742SwollmanRule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 182019878SwollmanRule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1821149514SwollmanRule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 18222742SwollmanRule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 18232742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 18242742SwollmanZone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 182519878Swollman 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 182619878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 182719878Swollman 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 182819878Swollman 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 182919878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1830149514Swollman 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1831149514Swollman 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 183258787Sru 1:00 EU CE%sT 18332742Swollman 18342742Swollman# Portugal 183520094Swollman# 1836149514Swollman# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 183720094Swollman# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 183820094Swollman# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 183920094Swollman# 1840149514Swollman# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 184120094Swollman# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 184220094Swollman# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 184320094Swollman# 184420094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 184520094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 184620094Swollman# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 184720094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 184820094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 184920094Swollman# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 185020094Swollman# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 185120094Swollman# 18522742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 185343543Swollman# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 185443543Swollman# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 1855158421Swollman# Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 185619878SwollmanRule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 1857158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 18582742SwollmanRule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 185919878SwollmanRule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 18602742SwollmanRule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 186119878SwollmanRule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 186219878SwollmanRule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 186319878SwollmanRule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 186419878SwollmanRule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 186519878SwollmanRule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 18662742SwollmanRule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 186719878SwollmanRule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 18682742SwollmanRule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 186919878SwollmanRule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 187019878SwollmanRule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 187119878SwollmanRule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 187219878SwollmanRule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1873158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 18742742SwollmanRule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 187519878SwollmanRule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 187619878SwollmanRule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1877158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 18782742SwollmanRule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1879158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 188019878SwollmanRule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 188119878SwollmanRule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1882158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 188319878SwollmanRule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 188419878SwollmanRule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 188519878SwollmanRule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1886158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 18872742SwollmanRule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 188819878SwollmanRule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1889158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 18902742SwollmanRule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 189119878SwollmanRule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 189219878SwollmanRule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 189343014SwollmanRule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 189419878SwollmanRule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 18952742SwollmanRule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 189643014SwollmanRule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 189719878SwollmanRule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 189843014SwollmanRule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 189919878SwollmanRule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 19002742SwollmanRule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 190119878SwollmanRule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 19022742SwollmanRule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1903158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 1904158421Swollman# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 190519878SwollmanRule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 19062742SwollmanRule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 190719878SwollmanRule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 19082742SwollmanRule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 190919878SwollmanRule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 19102742SwollmanRule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 19112742SwollmanRule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 191219878SwollmanRule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 191319878SwollmanRule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 191419878SwollmanRule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 19152742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1916158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24; 1917121098Swollman# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett. 19182742SwollmanZone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 1919121098Swollman -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 192019878Swollman 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 192119878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 192219878Swollman 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 192320094Swollman 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 192419878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 192519878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 19262742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 192786222Swollman -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 192819878Swollman -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 192919878Swollman -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 193020094Swollman -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 193120094Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 193220094Swollman -1:00 EU AZO%sT 19332742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 193486222Swollman -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 193519878Swollman -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 193619878Swollman 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 193719878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 19382742Swollman 19392742Swollman# Romania 194058787Sru# 194158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 194258787Sru# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 194358787Sru# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 194458787Sru# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 194558787Sru# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 194658787Sru# the same year as Bulgaria. 194758787Sru# 19482742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 194919878SwollmanRule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 19502742SwollmanRule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 195119878SwollmanRule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 195219878SwollmanRule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 19532742SwollmanRule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 195419878SwollmanRule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 19552742SwollmanRule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 195620094SwollmanRule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 195720094SwollmanRule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 19582742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 19592742SwollmanZone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 196019878Swollman 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 196119878Swollman 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 196220094Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 196320094Swollman 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 196458787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 196558787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 19662742Swollman 19672742Swollman# Russia 196821217Swollman 1969158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 197058787Sru# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 197120094Swollman# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 1972158421Swollman# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 1973158421Swollman# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 1974158421Swollman# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 19752742Swollman# 1976149514Swollman# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 197786222Swollman# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 197886222Swollman# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 197986222Swollman# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 198086222Swollman# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 198186222Swollman# 1982149514Swollman# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 198320094Swollman# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 1984136638Swollman# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 198520094Swollman# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 198620094Swollman# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 198720094Swollman# 1988149514Swollman# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 198920094Swollman# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 199020094Swollman# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 199120094Swollman# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 199220094Swollman# 199375267Swollman# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 199475267Swollman# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 199575267Swollman# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 199675267Swollman# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 199775267Swollman# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began 199875267Swollman# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 199975267Swollman# 200086222Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 200186222Swollman# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 200286222Swollman# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 200386222Swollman# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 200486222Swollman# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 200586222Swollman# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 200686222Swollman# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 200786222Swollman# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 200886222Swollman# 20092742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 201086222Swollman# 201186222Swollman# Kaliningradskaya oblast'. 201286222SwollmanZone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 201320094Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 201458787Sru 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 201520094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 201620094Swollman 2:00 Russia EE%sT 201786222Swollman# 201886222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2019163302Sru# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', 202086222Swollman# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', 2021163302Sru# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', 202286222Swollman# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, 202386222Swollman# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, 202486222Swollman# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, 2025163302Sru# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi, 202686222Swollman# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', 202786222Swollman# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, 202886222Swollman# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', 202986222Swollman# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, 203086222Swollman# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', 203186222Swollman# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', 2032163302Sru# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, 203386222Swollman# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', 203486222Swollman# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, 203586222Swollman# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', 203686222Swollman# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', 203786222Swollman# Yaroslavskaya oblast' 20382742SwollmanZone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 203958787Sru 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 204058787Sru 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 204120094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 20422742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 204320094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 204458787Sru 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 204520094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 204686222Swollman# 2047163302Sru# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast', 2048163302Sru# Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 2049163302Sru# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the 2050163302Sru# others? But we have no data. 2051163302SruZone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2052163302Sru 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 2053163302Sru 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 2054163302Sru 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 2055163302Sru 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T 2056163302Sru 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2057163302Sru 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2058163302Sru 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 2059163302Sru# 206086222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 206186222Swollman# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika 206258787SruZone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2063163302Sru 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 2064163302Sru 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 2065163302Sru 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev 206658787Sru 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 206758787Sru 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 206858787Sru 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2069206219Sedwin 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time 2070206219Sedwin 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2071206219Sedwin 207286222Swollman# 207386222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 207486222Swollman# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, 207586222Swollman# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', 207686222Swollman# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', 207786222Swollman# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', 207886222Swollman# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. 207958787SruZone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 208058787Sru 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 208143766Sbde 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 208258787Sru 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 208343766Sbde 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time 208486222Swollman# 208586222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 208686222Swollman# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. 208758787SruZone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 208858787Sru 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 208943766Sbde 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 209058787Sru 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 209143766Sbde 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 209286222Swollman# 2093163302Sru# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's 2094163302Sru# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. 2095163302Sru# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'. 209658787SruZone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 209758787Sru 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 209843766Sbde 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 209958787Sru 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2100158421Swollman 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 210143766Sbde 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2102198825Sedwin 2103198825Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2104198825Sedwin# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2105198825Sedwin# March 28, 2010: 2106198825Sedwin# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2107198825Sedwin# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 210886222Swollman# 2109198825Sedwin# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September 2110198825Sedwin# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2111198825Sedwin# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2112198825Sedwin# 2113198825Sedwin# Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2114198825Sedwin# <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv"> 2115198825Sedwin# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2116198825Sedwin# </a> 2117198825Sedwin# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2118198825Sedwin# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2119198825Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html"> 2120198825Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2121198825Sedwin# </a> 2122198825Sedwin# 2123198825Sedwin# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2124198825Sedwin# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2125198825Sedwin# 2126198825Sedwin# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as 2127198825Sedwin# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. 2128198825Sedwin 2129198825SedwinZone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6 2130198825Sedwin 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2131198825Sedwin 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2132198825Sedwin 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2133198825Sedwin 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2134198825Sedwin 6:00 Russia NOV%sT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time 2135198825Sedwin 2136198825Sedwin# 213786222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2138198825Sedwin# Krasnoyarskij kraj, 2139163302Sru# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, 214086222Swollman# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. 214158787SruZone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 214258787Sru 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 214343766Sbde 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 214458787Sru 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 214543766Sbde 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 214686222Swollman# 214786222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 214886222Swollman# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', 214986222Swollman# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. 21502742SwollmanZone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 215158787Sru 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 215258787Sru 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 215343766Sbde 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 215458787Sru 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 215543766Sbde 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 215686222Swollman# 2157136638Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 215886222Swollman# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', 215986222Swollman# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. 2160200835Sedwin 2161200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2162200835Sedwin# ...some regions of RUssia were merged with others since 2005... 2163200835Sedwin# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name. 2164200835Sedwin# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj. 2165200835Sedwin 2166200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2167136638Swollman# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij, 2168200835Sedwin# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj, 2169136638Swollman# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij, 2170200835Sedwin# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij, 2171136638Swollman# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij, 2172200835Sedwin# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij. 2173200835Sedwin 217458787SruZone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 217558787Sru 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 217643766Sbde 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 217758787Sru 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 217843766Sbde 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 217986222Swollman# 2180136638Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 218186222Swollman# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, 218286222Swollman# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2183200835Sedwin 2184200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2185200835Sedwin# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij, 2186136638Swollman# Ust'-Yanskij. 218758787SruZone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 218858787Sru 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 218943766Sbde 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 219058787Sru 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 219143766Sbde 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 219286222Swollman# 219386222Swollman# Sakhalinskaya oblast'. 219486222Swollman# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 219586222SwollmanZone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 219686222Swollman 9:00 - CJT 1938 219786222Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 219886222Swollman 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. 219986222Swollman 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 220086222Swollman 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 220186222Swollman 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 220286222Swollman# 2203136638Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 220486222Swollman# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2205136638Swollman# Probably also: Kuril Islands. 2206200835Sedwin 2207200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2208200835Sedwin# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij, 2209200835Sedwin# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij, Srednekolymskij. 22102742SwollmanZone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 221158787Sru 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 221243766Sbde 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 221358787Sru 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 221443766Sbde 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 221586222Swollman# 221686222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 221786222Swollman# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. 221886222Swollman# 221986222Swollman# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 222058787SruZone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 222158787Sru 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 222243766Sbde 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 222358787Sru 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2224206219Sedwin 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2225206219Sedwin 11:00 Russia PET%sT 222686222Swollman# 222786222Swollman# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug 22282742SwollmanZone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 222958787Sru 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 223058787Sru 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 223158787Sru 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 223258787Sru 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2233206219Sedwin 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2234206219Sedwin 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 22352742Swollman 2236163302Sru# Serbia 2237114173Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2238114173SwollmanZone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2239114173Swollman 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2240181424Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2241181424Sedwin 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 2242114173Swollman 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2243149514Swollman# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of 2244114173Swollman# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2245158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 2246114173Swollman 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2247114173Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 2248114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2249163302SruLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 2250114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2251114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2252114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2253114173Swollman 225414343Swollman# Slovakia 225514343SwollmanLink Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 22569908Swollman 22572742Swollman# Slovenia 2258163302Sru# see Serbia 22592742Swollman 22602742Swollman# Spain 22612742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2262158421Swollman# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 2263158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 226419878SwollmanRule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 22652742SwollmanRule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 226619878SwollmanRule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 226719878SwollmanRule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2268158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 226919878SwollmanRule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2270158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 22712742SwollmanRule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 227219878SwollmanRule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2273158421Swollman# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 22742742SwollmanRule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 227519878SwollmanRule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 227619878SwollmanRule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 227719878SwollmanRule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2278158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 2279158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 228019878SwollmanRule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 22812742SwollmanRule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 228219878SwollmanRule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 228319878SwollmanRule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 228419878SwollmanRule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2285158421Swollman# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 228643014SwollmanRule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 228719878SwollmanRule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 228843014SwollmanRule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 228919878SwollmanRule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 229019878SwollmanRule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 229119878SwollmanRule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 229214343SwollmanRule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 229319878SwollmanRule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 22942742SwollmanRule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 229519878SwollmanRule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 22962742SwollmanRule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 229719878SwollmanRule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 22982742SwollmanRule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 229919878SwollmanRule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 23002742SwollmanRule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 230119878Swollman# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 230219878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 230319878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 230419878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 230519878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 230619878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 230719878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 230819878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 230919878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 231019878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 23112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2312158421SwollmanZone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 231319878Swollman 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 231419878Swollman 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 231519878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 231619878SwollmanZone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 231719878Swollman 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 231819878Swollman 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 231919878Swollman 0:00 - WET 1924 232019878Swollman 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 232119878Swollman 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 232219878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1986 232319878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 23242742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 232519878Swollman -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 23262742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 232719878Swollman 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 232819878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 232920094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 233020094Swollman# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 23312742Swollman 233219878Swollman# Sweden 233386222Swollman 2334158421Swollman# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 233586222Swollman# 233686222Swollman# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 233786222Swollman# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 233886222Swollman# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 233986222Swollman# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 234086222Swollman# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 234186222Swollman# 234286222Swollman# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 234386222Swollman# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 234486222Swollman# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 234586222Swollman# 234686222Swollman# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 234786222Swollman# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 234886222Swollman# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 234986222Swollman# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 235086222Swollman# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 235186222Swollman# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 235286222Swollman# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 235386222Swollman# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 235486222Swollman# 235586222Swollman# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 235686222Swollman# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 235786222Swollman# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 235886222Swollman# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 235986222Swollman# 236086222Swollman# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 236186222Swollman# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 236286222Swollman# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 236386222Swollman# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 236486222Swollman# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 236586222Swollman# the Sok-button). 236686222Swollman# 236786222Swollman# (2001-05-13): 236886222Swollman# 236986222Swollman# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 237086222Swollman# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 237186222Swollman# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 237286222Swollman# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 237386222Swollman# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 237486222Swollman# hour before the event took place. 237586222Swollman# 237686222Swollman# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 237786222Swollman 23782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 237986222SwollmanZone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 238086222Swollman 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 238186222Swollman 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 238286222Swollman 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 238319878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1980 238419878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 23852742Swollman 23862742Swollman# Switzerland 238758787Sru# From Howse: 23882742Swollman# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 23892742Swollman# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 23902742Swollman# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 23912742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23922742Swollman# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): 2393187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 2394187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 2395158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2396187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 2397187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 2398187588Sedwin 2399187588Sedwin# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 2400187588Sedwin# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 2401187588Sedwin# 2402187588Sedwin# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 2403187588Sedwin# to be wrong. This is now verified. 2404187588Sedwin# 2405187588Sedwin# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 2406187588Sedwin# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 2407187588Sedwin# federal law collection)... 2408187588Sedwin# 2409187588Sedwin# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 2410187588Sedwin# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 2411187588Sedwin# 2412187588Sedwin# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 2413187588Sedwin# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 2414187588Sedwin# 2415187588Sedwin# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 2416187588Sedwin# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 2417187588Sedwin# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 2418187588Sedwin# other years are made. 2419187588Sedwin# 2420187588Sedwin# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 2421187588Sedwin# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 2422187588Sedwin# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 2423187588Sedwin# a thing had happened in Switzerland. 2424187588Sedwin# 2425187588Sedwin# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de 2426187588Sedwin# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 2427187588Sedwin# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 2428187588Sedwin# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 2429187588Sedwin# 2430187588Sedwin# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 2431187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2432187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2433187588Sedwin# 2434187588Sedwin# The 1940 rules must be deleted. 2435187588Sedwin# 2436187588Sedwin# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 2437187588Sedwin# most users of tzdata: 2438187588Sedwin# The zone file 2439187588Sedwin# Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 2440187588Sedwin# 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time 2441187588Sedwin# 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2442187588Sedwin# 1:00 EU CE%sT 2443187588Sedwin# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 2444187588Sedwin# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not 2445187588Sedwin# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 2446187588Sedwin# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 2447187588Sedwin 2448187588Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2449187588SedwinRule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2450187588SedwinRule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 24512742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 24522742SwollmanZone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 245319878Swollman 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 245419878Swollman 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 245519878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 24562742Swollman 24572742Swollman# Turkey 2458169811Swollman 2459169811Swollman# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 2460169811Swollman# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 2461169811Swollman# ... The latest rules are available at - 2462169811Swollman# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 2463169811Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): 2464169811Swollman# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that 2465169811Swollman# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure 2466169811Swollman# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: 2467169811Swollman# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm 2468169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT 2469169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM 2470169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 2471169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 2472169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 2473169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): 2474169811Swollman# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. 2475169811Swollman 2476169811Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 2477169811Swollman# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 2478169811Swollman# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 2479169811Swollman# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 2480169811Swollman# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 2481169811Swollman# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 2482169811Swollman# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 2483169811Swollman# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 2484169811Swollman# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 2485169811Swollman 2486219687Sedwin# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 2487219687Sedwin# 2488219687Sedwin# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 2489219687Sedwin# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 2490219687Sedwin# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 2491219687Sedwin# 2492219687Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872"> 2493219687Sedwin# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 2494183066Sedwin# </a> 2495219687Sedwin# Turkish: 2496219687Sedwin# <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373"> 2497219687Sedwin# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 2498183066Sedwin# </a> 2499183066Sedwin 25002742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 250119878SwollmanRule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 25022742SwollmanRule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 250319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 25042742SwollmanRule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 250519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 25062742SwollmanRule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 250719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 25082742SwollmanRule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2509158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 2510158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 251119878SwollmanRule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 25122742SwollmanRule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 251319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 251419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 25152742SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 251619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 25172742SwollmanRule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 251819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2519158421Swollman# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 2520158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 25212742SwollmanRule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 252219878SwollmanRule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 25232742SwollmanRule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 252419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 25252742SwollmanRule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 252619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 25272742SwollmanRule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 252819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 252919878SwollmanRule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 253019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 25312742SwollmanRule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 253219878SwollmanRule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 25332742SwollmanRule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 253419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 25352742SwollmanRule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 253619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 25372742SwollmanRule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 253819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 25392742SwollmanRule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 254019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 25412742SwollmanRule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 254219878SwollmanRule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 25432742SwollmanRule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 254419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 254519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 25462742SwollmanRule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 254719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 25482742SwollmanRule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 254919878SwollmanRule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 255019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 25512742SwollmanRule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 255219878SwollmanRule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 25532742SwollmanRule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2554169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2555169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 2556169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2557169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2558169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 25592742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25602742SwollmanZone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 256119878Swollman 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 256219878Swollman 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 256319878Swollman 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2564169811Swollman 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 2565219687Sedwin 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 2566219687Sedwin 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 256720094Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 25682742SwollmanLink Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 25692742Swollman 25702742Swollman# Ukraine 2571114173Swollman# 2572114173Swollman# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice, 2573114173Swollman# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 2574114173Swollman# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment 2575114173Swollman# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 2576114173Swollman# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 2577114173Swollman# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 2578114173Swollman# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 2579114173Swollman 25802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 258158787Sru# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 2582171948Sedwin# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2583171948Sedwin# "Kiev" is more common in English. 25842742SwollmanZone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 258558787Sru 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 25862742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 258758787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 258858787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 258958787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 259058787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 259158787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 259258787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 259320094Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 259458787Sru# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 2595171948Sedwin# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2596171948Sedwin# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 259758787SruZone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 259858787Sru 1:00 - CET 1940 259958787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 260058787Sru 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 260158787Sru 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 260258787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 260358787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 260458787Sru 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 260558787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 260658787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 260758787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 260858787Sru# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 2609171948Sedwin# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2610171948Sedwin# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 2611171948Sedwin# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 2612171948Sedwin# portable Posix file names. 261358787SruZone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 261458787Sru 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 261558787Sru 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 261658787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 261758787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 261858787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 261958787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 262058787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 262158787Sru# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 26222742SwollmanZone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 262358787Sru 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 26242742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 262558787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 262658787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 262758787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 262858787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 262958787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 2630158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 263158787Sru# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 263220094Swollman# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2633158421Swollman# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened 2634158421Swollman# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2635158421Swollman# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2636158421Swollman# changed in May. 263758787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 263843014Swollman# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 263958787Sru 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 264058787Sru 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 264143014Swollman# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 264243014Swollman# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 264364499Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 264464499Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 264543014Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 26462742Swollman 26472742Swollman############################################################################### 26482742Swollman 26492742Swollman# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 26502742Swollman# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 26512742Swollman# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 26522742Swollman# 26532742Swollman# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 26542742Swollman# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 26552742Swollman# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 26562742Swollman# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 26572742Swollman# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 26582742Swollman# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 26592742Swollman 26602742Swollman# ... 26612742Swollman# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 2662149514Swollman# From: Tom Hofmann 26632742Swollman# ... 26642742Swollman# 26652742Swollman# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 26662742Swollman# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 26672742Swollman# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 26682742Swollman# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 26692742Swollman# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 26702742Swollman# years... 26712742Swollman# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 26722742Swollman# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 26732742Swollman# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 26742742Swollman# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 26752742Swollman# 26762742Swollman# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 26772742Swollman# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 26782742Swollman# 26792742Swollman# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 26802742Swollman# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 2681149514Swollman# ... 26822742Swollman 26832742Swollman# ... 26842742Swollman# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 2685149514Swollman# From: Dik T. Winter 26862742Swollman# ... 26872742Swollman# 26882742Swollman# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 26892742Swollman# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 26902742Swollman# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 26912742Swollman# 26922742Swollman# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 26932742Swollman# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 26942742Swollman# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 26952742Swollman# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 26962742Swollman# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 26972742Swollman# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 26982742Swollman# dates... 26992742Swollman# 27002742Swollman# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 27012742Swollman# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 27022742Swollman# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 27032742Swollman# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 27042742Swollman# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 27052742Swollman# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 27062742Swollman# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 27072742Swollman# in advance of normal time. 27082742Swollman# 27092742Swollman# ... 27102742Swollman# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 2711149514Swollman# ... 27122742Swollman 271319878Swollman# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 27142742Swollman# ... 27152742Swollman# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 27162742Swollman# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 27172742Swollman# ... 27182742Swollman# Monaco: has same DST as France. 27192742Swollman# ... 2720