europe revision 206219
1153761Swollman# <pre> 2206219Sedwin# @(#)europe 8.26 3192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 564499Swollman 62742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 72742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 82742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 92742Swollman 10158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 112742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 142742Swollman# 1586222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 1620094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 1720094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1820094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 1920094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 2020094Swollman# 21158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22158421Swollman# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 2320094Swollman# 2443543Swollman# Other sources occasionally used include: 252742Swollman# 2643543Swollman# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 2743543Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 2843543Swollman# which I found in the UCLA library. 2943543Swollman# 30121098Swollman# <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf"> 31121098Swollman# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 32121098Swollman# </a> (1914-03) 33121098Swollman# 3443543Swollman# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 3543543Swollman# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 3643543Swollman# History of Summer Time 3743543Swollman# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 3843543Swollman 3943543Swollman# 402742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 412742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 4219878Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 43114173Swollman# std dst 2dst 44114173Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 45114173Swollman# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 46114173Swollman# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 47114173Swollman# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 48114173Swollman# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 49114173Swollman# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 50114173Swollman# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 51114173Swollman# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 52114173Swollman# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 53114173Swollman# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 54114173Swollman# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 55114173Swollman# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 56114173Swollman# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 572742Swollman# 582742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 5958787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 602742Swollman 61149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 6214343Swollman# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 639908Swollman# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 649908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 659908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 669908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 679908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 689908Swollman# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 699908Swollman# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 709908Swollman# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 719908Swollman# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 729908Swollman# ... 7314343Swollman# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 7414343Swollman# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 759908Swollman# ... 769908Swollman# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 779908Swollman# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 789908Swollman# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 799908Swollman# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 809908Swollman# in the Directive. 819908Swollman 8219878Swollman 832742Swollman############################################################################### 842742Swollman 8543014Swollman# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 862742Swollman 87149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 882742Swollman# 892742Swollman# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 902742Swollman# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 912742Swollman# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 922742Swollman# of the text said: 932742Swollman# 942742Swollman# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 9521217Swollman# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 962742Swollman# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 972742Swollman# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 982742Swollman# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 992742Swollman# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 1002742Swollman# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 1012742Swollman# 1022742Swollman# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 10321217Swollman# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 1042742Swollman# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 1052742Swollman# 1062742Swollman# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 1072742Swollman 108149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 1092742Swollman# 1102742Swollman# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 1112742Swollman# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 1122742Swollman# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 11358787Sru# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 11458787Sru# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 1152742Swollman# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 1162742Swollman# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 11758787Sru# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 1182742Swollman# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 11958787Sru# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 12058787Sru# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 12158787Sru# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 1222742Swollman# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 12358787Sru# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 12458787Sru# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 1252742Swollman# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 1262742Swollman# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 1272742Swollman# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 1282742Swollman# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 12958787Sru# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 1302742Swollman# 1312742Swollman# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 13258787Sru# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 13358787Sru# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 1342742Swollman 135136638Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): 13617200Swollman# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 13743543Swollman# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 13858787Sru# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 13917200Swollman# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 14017200Swollman# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 14117200Swollman# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 14217200Swollman# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 143121098Swollman# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 144121098Swollman# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 145121098Swollman# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 146121098Swollman# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 147136638Swollman# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 148121098Swollman# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 149121098Swollman# designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 150121098Swollman# which is permanently set to Summer Time. 15117200Swollman 152121098Swollman# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 153121098Swollman# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 154121098Swollman# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 155121098Swollman# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 156121098Swollman# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 157121098Swollman# foundations of civilization throughout the world. 158121098Swollman# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> 159121098Swollman# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly 160121098Swollman# </a> 161121098Swollman 16219878Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 16319878Swollman# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' 16419878Swollman# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 16519878Swollman# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 16619878Swollman# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 16719878Swollman 16819878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 1692742Swollman# 1702742Swollman# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 1712742Swollman# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 1722742Swollman 1732742Swollman# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 174149514Swollman# From: Jonathan Leffler 1752742Swollman# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 1762742Swollman# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 1772742Swollman# politics making a fortune, not computing. 1782742Swollman 179149514Swollman# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 18043014Swollman# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 18143014Swollman# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 18243014Swollman# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 18343014Swollman# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 18443014Swollman 18558787Sru# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 18658787Sru# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 18758787Sru# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 18858787Sru# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 1892742Swollman 19075267Swollman# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 19167578Swollman# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 19267578Swollman# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 19367578Swollman# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 19467578Swollman# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 19567578Swollman# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 19675267Swollman# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 19767578Swollman# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png 19858787Sru 19967578Swollman# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 20067578Swollman# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 20167578Swollman# which is to be introduced in May.... 20267578Swollman# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 20367578Swollman# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 20467578Swollman 20567578Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 20667578Swollman# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common 20767578Swollman# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 20867578Swollman# so we use `BDST'. 20967578Swollman 210149514Swollman# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 21158787Sru# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 212149514Swollman# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 21358787Sru# and extending this list, which can be found in 21458787Sru# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> 21558787Sru# History of legal time in Britain 21693799Swollman# </a> 21758787Sru 218149514Swollman# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 21943014Swollman# 22043014Swollman# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 22143014Swollman# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 22243014Swollman# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 22343014Swollman# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 22443014Swollman# </a>. 2252742Swollman 226158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2272742Swollman# 228158421Swollman# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 2292742Swollman# 230158421Swollman# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 231158421Swollman# are incorrect: 23230711Swollman# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 2332742Swollman# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 2342742Swollman# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 2352742Swollman# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 2362742Swollman# It actually just had one transition. 23730711Swollman# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 2382742Swollman# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 23917200Swollman# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 24017200Swollman# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 24117200Swollman# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 2422742Swollman# 243158421Swollman# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 2442742Swollman# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 24530711Swollman# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 2462742Swollman# conform with Great Britain. 24758787Sru# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 24858787Sru# 249158421Swollman# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 25058787Sru# we'll ignore it for now. 25117200Swollman# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 2522742Swollman# 25317200Swollman# 254158421Swollman# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 255158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger. 25686222Swollman# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 25786222Swollman# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 25886222Swollman# to London. For example: 25986222Swollman# 26086222Swollman# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 26186222Swollman# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 2622742Swollman 263149514Swollman# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 264169811Swollman# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include 265149514Swollman# various relating to legal time, for example: 266169811Swollman# 267149514Swollman# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 268169811Swollman# 269149514Swollman# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 270149514Swollman# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 271169811Swollman# 272149514Swollman# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 273149514Swollman# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 274149514Swollman# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 275169811Swollman# 276149514Swollman# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 277149514Swollman# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 278149514Swollman# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 279149514Swollman# 280149514Swollman# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 281149514Swollman# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 282169811Swollman# 283169811Swollman# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 284169811Swollman# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 285149514Swollman# the laws applicable in Ireland.) 286169811Swollman# 287169811Swollman# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 288169811Swollman# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 289169811Swollman# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 290149514Swollman# being GMT+1.) 291149514Swollman 29258787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 29358787Sru# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 29458787Sru# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 29558787Sru# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 29658787Sru# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 29758787Sru# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 29858787Sru# and Frethun run in CT. 29958787Sru# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 30058787Sru# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 30158787Sru# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 30258787Sru# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 30358787Sru# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 30458787Sru# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 30558787Sru 30617200Swollman# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 30717200Swollman# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 30817200Swollman# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 30917200Swollman# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 31017200Swollman# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 31117200Swollman# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 31217200Swollman# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 31317200Swollman 3142742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 31543014Swollman# Summer Time Act, 1916 3162742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 3172742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 31843014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 3192742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 3202742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 32143014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 3222742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 3232742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 32443014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 3252742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 3262742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 32743014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 3282742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 32943014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 3302742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 33143014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 3322742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 3332742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 33443014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 3352742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 33658787SruRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 33743014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1922 3382742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 3392742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 34043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3412742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 34243014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1925 3432742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 34443014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3452742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 34643014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3472742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 34843014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3492742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 35043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3512742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 35243014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3532742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 35443014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 35543014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 35643014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 35743014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 35843014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 35919878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 3602742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 36143014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 36219878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 36343014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 3642742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 36543014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 36643014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 36743014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 36843014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 36943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 37043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 37143014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1947 3722742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 37319878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 3742742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 3752742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 37643014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 3772742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 37843014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 37943014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 3802742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 38143014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 38243014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 38343014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 38443014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 38543014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 3862742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 38743014Swollman# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 38843014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 38943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 39043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3912742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 39243014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3932742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 39443014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 39543014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 39643014Swollman# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 39743014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 3982742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 39943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 40043014Swollman# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 40143014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 40243014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 4032742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 40443014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 40517200SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 40643014Swollman# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 40743014Swollman# (no summer time) 40843014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1972 4092742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4102742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 41143014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 41243014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 41343014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 41443014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 4159908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 4169908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 41743014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 41843014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 41943014Swollman# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 4209908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 42143014Swollman# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 42217200Swollman# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 4232742Swollman 4242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 425158421SwollmanZone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 42617200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 42717200Swollman 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 4289908Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 42917200Swollman 0:00 EU GMT/BST 430163302SruLink Europe/London Europe/Jersey 431163302SruLink Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 432163302SruLink Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 43386222SwollmanZone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 43486222Swollman -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 43543014Swollman -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 43619878Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 43717200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 43817200Swollman 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 4392742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 44017200Swollman 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 4412742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 44217200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 44317200Swollman 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 44417200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 44517200Swollman 0:00 EU GMT/IST 4462742Swollman 4472742Swollman############################################################################### 4482742Swollman 449171948Sedwin# Europe 4502742Swollman 45117200Swollman# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 45217200Swollman# Common Market, etc. 4539908Swollman 4549908Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 45519878SwollmanRule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 45617200SwollmanRule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 45717200SwollmanRule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 45817200SwollmanRule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 45919878SwollmanRule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 46017200SwollmanRule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 46175267Swollman# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 462196581Sedwin# <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT"> 46375267Swollman# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 46475267Swollman# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 46575267Swollman# </a> 4669908Swollman 46717200Swollman# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 46819878SwollmanRule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 4692742SwollmanRule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 4702742SwollmanRule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 4719908SwollmanRule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 47219878SwollmanRule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 4739908SwollmanRule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 4742742Swollman 47519878Swollman# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 47619878Swollman# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 47719878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 47819878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 47919878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 48019878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 48119878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 48219878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 48319878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 48419878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 485181421SedwinRule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 486158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 48719878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 488181424Sedwin# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 489181424Sedwin# 490181424Sedwin# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 491181424Sedwin# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 492181424Sedwin# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the 493181424Sedwin# tz database itself, as seen below: 494181424Sedwin# 495181424Sedwin# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 496181424Sedwin# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 497181424Sedwin# 498181424Sedwin# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 499181424Sedwin# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 500181424Sedwin# 501181424Sedwin# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 502181424Sedwin# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 503181424Sedwin# 504181424Sedwin# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 505181424Sedwin# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 506181424Sedwin# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 507181424Sedwin# 508181424Sedwin# The rule line to be changed is: 509181424Sedwin# 510181424Sedwin# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 511181424Sedwin# 512181424Sedwin# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 513181424Sedwin# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 514181424Sedwin# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 515181424Sedwin# affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms 516181424Sedwin# CET and MET: 517181424Sedwin# 518181424Sedwin# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 519181424Sedwin# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 520181424Sedwin# 521181424Sedwin# It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 522181424Sedwin# 523181424Sedwin# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 524181424Sedwin# 525181424Sedwin# A small step for mankind though 8-) 526181424SedwinRule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 52719878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 52819878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 52919878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 53019878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 53119878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 53219878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 5332742Swollman 53420094Swollman# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 53520094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 53620094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 53720094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 53820094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 53920094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 54020094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 54120094Swollman 5422742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 54320094SwollmanRule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 54420094SwollmanRule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 54520094SwollmanRule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 54658787SruRule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 54720094SwollmanRule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 54820094SwollmanRule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 54920094SwollmanRule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 55020094SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 55143014SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 55220094SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 55320094SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 55443014Swollman# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 55520094SwollmanRule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 55620094SwollmanRule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 55743014Swollman# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 55843014Swollman# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 55920094SwollmanRule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 56020094SwollmanRule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 56143014Swollman# 56220094SwollmanRule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 56320094SwollmanRule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 56420094SwollmanRule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 56520094SwollmanRule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 56620094SwollmanRule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 5672742Swollman 5682742Swollman# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 5692742Swollman 5702742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 57119878SwollmanZone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 57219878SwollmanZone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 57319878SwollmanZone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 57419878SwollmanZone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 5752742Swollman 57619878Swollman# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 57719878Swollman# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 5782742Swollman 579149514Swollman# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 58019878Swollman# The official German names ... are 58119878Swollman# 58219878Swollman# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 58319878Swollman# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 58419878Swollman# 58519878Swollman# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 58619878Swollman# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 58719878Swollman# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 58819878Swollman# 58919878Swollman# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 59019878Swollman# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 59119878Swollman# Postfach 3345 59219878Swollman# D-38023 Braunschweig 59319878Swollman# phone: +49 531 592-0 59419878Swollman# 59519878Swollman# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 59619878Swollman# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 59719878Swollman# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 59819878Swollman# 59919878Swollman# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 60019878Swollman# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 6012742Swollman 60219878Swollman 6032742Swollman# Albania 6042742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 60519878SwollmanRule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 6062742SwollmanRule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 60719878SwollmanRule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 6082742SwollmanRule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 60919878SwollmanRule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 6102742SwollmanRule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 61119878SwollmanRule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 6122742SwollmanRule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 61319878SwollmanRule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 6142742SwollmanRule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 61519878SwollmanRule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 6162742SwollmanRule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 61719878SwollmanRule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 6182742SwollmanRule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 61919878SwollmanRule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 6202742SwollmanRule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 62119878SwollmanRule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 6222742SwollmanRule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 62319878SwollmanRule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 6242742SwollmanRule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 62519878SwollmanRule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 6262742SwollmanRule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 62719878SwollmanRule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 6282742SwollmanRule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 62919878SwollmanRule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 6302742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6312742SwollmanZone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 63219878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 63330711Swollman 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 63420094Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 6352742Swollman 6362742Swollman# Andorra 6372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6382742SwollmanZone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 6392742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 64019878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 64119878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 6422742Swollman 6432742Swollman# Austria 644114173Swollman 645158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 646114173Swollman# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 647114173Swollman# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 648114173Swollman# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 649158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 650158421Swollman# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 651114173Swollman 6522742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65319878SwollmanRule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 6542742SwollmanRule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 65519878SwollmanRule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 6562742SwollmanRule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 65719878SwollmanRule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 65819878SwollmanRule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 659114173SwollmanRule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 660114173SwollmanRule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 6612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6622742SwollmanZone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr 663114173Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 664114173Swollman 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 665114173Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 666114173Swollman 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 667114173Swollman 1:00 - CET 1946 66819878Swollman 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 66919878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 6702742Swollman 6712742Swollman# Belarus 6722742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6732742SwollmanZone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 67443014Swollman 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 6752742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 67643014Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 67743014Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 67858787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 67958787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 68019878Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 68158787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 68258787Sru 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 68320094Swollman 2:00 Russia EE%sT 6842742Swollman 6852742Swollman# Belgium 68630711Swollman# 68730711Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 68830711Swollman# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 68930711Swollman# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 69030711Swollman# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 69130711Swollman# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 69230711Swollman# pp 8-9. 69330711Swollman# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 69430711Swollman# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 695149514Swollman# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 69630711Swollman# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 69730711Swollman# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 69875267Swollman# 6992742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 70030711SwollmanRule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 70130711SwollmanRule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 70219878SwollmanRule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 70330711SwollmanRule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 7042742SwollmanRule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 70530711SwollmanRule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 7062742SwollmanRule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 70719878SwollmanRule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 70830711SwollmanRule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 70919878SwollmanRule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 71019878SwollmanRule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 71119878SwollmanRule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 71243543Swollman# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 71343543Swollman# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 71443543Swollman# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 71543543Swollman# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 71619878SwollmanRule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 71719878SwollmanRule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 71819878SwollmanRule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 71930711SwollmanRule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 72019878SwollmanRule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 72119878SwollmanRule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 72219878SwollmanRule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 72330711SwollmanRule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 72419878SwollmanRule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 72519878SwollmanRule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 72619878SwollmanRule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 72719878SwollmanRule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 72819878SwollmanRule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 72919878SwollmanRule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 73019878SwollmanRule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 7312742SwollmanRule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 73230711SwollmanRule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 73330711SwollmanRule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 73419878SwollmanRule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 7352742SwollmanRule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 73619878SwollmanRule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 7372742SwollmanRule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 7382742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 73930711SwollmanZone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 74030711Swollman 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 74130711Swollman 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 74230711Swollman 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 74330711Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 74430711Swollman 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 74530711Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 74619878Swollman 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 74719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 7482742Swollman 7492742Swollman# Bosnia and Herzegovina 750163302Sru# see Serbia 7512742Swollman 7522742Swollman# Bulgaria 75358787Sru# 754149514Swollman# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 75558787Sru# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 75658787Sru# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 75758787Sru# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 75858787Sru# 7592742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 76019878SwollmanRule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 7612742SwollmanRule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 762158421SwollmanRule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 7632742SwollmanRule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 7642742SwollmanRule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 7652742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7662742SwollmanZone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 76719878Swollman 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 7682742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 769181424Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 770181424Sedwin 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 7712742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 77219878Swollman 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 77320094Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 77458787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 77558787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 7762742Swollman 7772742Swollman# Croatia 778163302Sru# see Serbia 7792742Swollman 780136638Swollman# Cyprus 781138323Swollman# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 782136638Swollman 7832742Swollman# Czech Republic 7842742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 78519878SwollmanRule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 7862742SwollmanRule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 78719878SwollmanRule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 7882742SwollmanRule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 78919878SwollmanRule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 79019878SwollmanRule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 79119878SwollmanRule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 7922742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7932742SwollmanZone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 79419878Swollman 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 79519878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 79619878Swollman 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 79719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 7982742Swollman 799169811Swollman# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 800149514Swollman 801149514Swollman# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 802149514Swollman# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 803149514Swollman# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 804149514Swollman# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 805149514Swollman# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 806149514Swollman# 807149514Swollman# The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 808149514Swollman# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 809149514Swollman# 810149514Swollman# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 811149514Swollman# in subsequenet decrees with the law 812149514Swollman# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 813149514Swollman# 814149514Swollman# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 815149514Swollman# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 816149514Swollman# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 817149514Swollman# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 818149514Swollman# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 819149514Swollman# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 820149514Swollman# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 821149514Swollman# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 822149514Swollman# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 823149514Swollman# was suspended on that night): 824149514Swollman# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 825149514Swollman 826149514Swollman# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 827149514Swollman# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 828149514Swollman# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 829149514Swollman 830149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 831149514Swollman# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 832149514Swollman# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 833149514Swollman 8342742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 83519878SwollmanRule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 8362742SwollmanRule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 83719878SwollmanRule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 83819878SwollmanRule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 8392742SwollmanRule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 84019878SwollmanRule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 8412742SwollmanRule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 84219878SwollmanRule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 8432742SwollmanRule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 84419878SwollmanRule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 8452742SwollmanRule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 8462742Swollman# 8472742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8482742SwollmanZone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 849149514Swollman 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 85019878Swollman 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 85119878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 85219878Swollman 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 85319878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 854169811SwollmanZone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 8559908Swollman 0:00 - WET 1981 85619878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 85720094Swollman# 858149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 859149514Swollman# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 860149514Swollman# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 861149514Swollman# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 862149514Swollman# 863158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 86420094Swollman# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 86520094Swollman# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 866158421Swollman# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab 86720094Swollman# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 86820094Swollman# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 86920094Swollman 87086222Swollman# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing 87186222Swollman# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 87286222Swollman# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 87320094Swollman# 87486222Swollman# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 87586222Swollman# is according to the following time line: 87686222Swollman# 87786222Swollman# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 87886222Swollman# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 87986222Swollman# Scoresbysund UTC-1 88086222Swollman# Danmarkshavn UTC 88186222Swollman# 88286222Swollman# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 88386222Swollman# introduced. 88486222Swollman 88593799Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 886114173Swollman# 88793799Swollman# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 88893799Swollman# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 88993799Swollman# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 89093799Swollman# info from earlier correspondence.] 89193799Swollman# 89293799Swollman# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 89393799Swollman# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 89493799Swollman# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 89593799Swollman# 89693799Swollman# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 89793799Swollman# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 89893799Swollman# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 89993799Swollman# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 90093799Swollman# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 90193799Swollman# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 90293799Swollman# DPC research station at Zackenberg. 90393799Swollman# 90493799Swollman# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 90593799Swollman# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab). 90693799Swollman# 90793799Swollman# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it 90893799Swollman# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 90993799Swollman# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 91093799Swollman# 91193799Swollman# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 91293799Swollman# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 91393799Swollman# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 91493799Swollman# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be 91593799Swollman# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 91693799Swollman 91793799Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 91893799Swollman# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 91993799Swollman# there at 2:00 AM. 92093799Swollman 921158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 922158421Swollman# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 923158421Swollman# the 1995 map as like Godthab. 92486222Swollman# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. 92593799Swollman# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 926158421Swollman# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 927158421Swollman# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 92886222Swollman# 92920094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 93093799SwollmanRule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 93193799SwollmanRule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 932158421SwollmanRule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 933158421SwollmanRule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 934158421SwollmanRule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 935158421SwollmanRule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 93620094Swollman# 93720094Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93886222SwollmanZone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 93986222Swollman -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 94086222Swollman -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 94186222Swollman 0:00 - GMT 942163302SruZone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 94319878Swollman -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 94419878Swollman -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 94520094Swollman -1:00 EU EG%sT 94620094SwollmanZone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 9472742Swollman -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 94820094Swollman -3:00 EU WG%sT 94967578SwollmanZone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 95020094Swollman -4:00 Thule A%sT 9512742Swollman 9522742Swollman# Estonia 953149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 9549908Swollman# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 9559908Swollman# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 9569908Swollman# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 95720094Swollman# 958149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 95920094Swollman# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 96020094Swollman# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 96120094Swollman# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 96220094Swollman# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 96320094Swollman# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 96420094Swollman# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 96520094Swollman# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 96620094Swollman# summer time next spring.'' 96743543Swollman 968149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 96943543Swollman# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 97043543Swollman# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 97143543Swollman# </a> 97243543Swollman# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 97343543Swollman# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 97443543Swollman# 97543543Swollman# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 97643543Swollman# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 97743543Swollman# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 97843543Swollman 97958787Sru# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 98058787Sru# via Steffen Thorsen: 98158787Sru# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 98258787Sru# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 98358787Sru# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 98458787Sru# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 98558787Sru# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 98675267Swollman# after that. 98758787Sru 98858787Sru# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 98958787Sru# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 99058787Sru# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 99158787Sru# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 99258787Sru 99393799Swollman# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 99493799Swollman# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 99593799Swollman# Now we are using again EU rules. 99693799Swollman# 99793799Swollman# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28): 99893799Swollman# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 99993799Swollman 10002742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10012742SwollmanZone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 100219878Swollman 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 100319878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 100419878Swollman 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 10052742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 100620094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 100719878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 100820094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 100919878Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 101043543Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 101158787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 101293799Swollman 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 101393799Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 10142742Swollman 10152742Swollman# Finland 10169908Swollman# 1017158421Swollman# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 10189908Swollman# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 10199908Swollman# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 10209908Swollman# 1021158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1022158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time 1023158421Swollman# since 1981. Go with Strang instead. 10249908Swollman# 10252742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 102619878SwollmanRule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 10272742SwollmanRule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 10282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10292742SwollmanZone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 103019878Swollman 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 103119878Swollman 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 103219878Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 10332742Swollman 1034136638Swollman# Aaland Is 1035136638SwollmanLink Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1036136638Swollman 1037136638Swollman 10382742Swollman# France 103975267Swollman 104075267Swollman# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 104119878Swollman# 104275267Swollman# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions 104375267Swollman# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 104475267Swollman# 104575267Swollman# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, 104675267Swollman# Paris, 1991 104775267Swollman# 104875267Swollman# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, 104975267Swollman# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 105075267Swollman 105175267Swollman 105275267Swollman# 1053158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 10542742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 105519878SwollmanRule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 105643014SwollmanRule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 105719878SwollmanRule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 105819878SwollmanRule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 105919878SwollmanRule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 106019878SwollmanRule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 10612742SwollmanRule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 106219878SwollmanRule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 10632742SwollmanRule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 106419878SwollmanRule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 106543543Swollman# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 106643543Swollman# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1067158421Swollman# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 10682742SwollmanRule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 106919878SwollmanRule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 107019878SwollmanRule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 107119878SwollmanRule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 107219878SwollmanRule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 107319878SwollmanRule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 107419878SwollmanRule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 107519878SwollmanRule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 107619878SwollmanRule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 107719878SwollmanRule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 107819878SwollmanRule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 107919878SwollmanRule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 108019878SwollmanRule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 108119878SwollmanRule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 108219878SwollmanRule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 108319878SwollmanRule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 108419878SwollmanRule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 108519878SwollmanRule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 10862742SwollmanRule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 108719878SwollmanRule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1088158421Swollman# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1089158421Swollman# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 109075267Swollman# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, 109175267Swollman# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La 109275267Swollman# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes, 109375267Swollman# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 109475267Swollman# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, 109575267Swollman# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe). 109643014SwollmanRule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1097158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1098149514Swollman# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 109943014Swollman# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 110043014Swollman# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 110143014SwollmanRule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 110243014SwollmanRule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 110319878SwollmanRule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 110443014SwollmanRule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 110543014SwollmanRule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 110643014SwollmanRule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 110719878SwollmanRule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 110843014SwollmanRule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 11092742SwollmanRule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1110158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 111143014Swollman# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 111243014SwollmanRule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 111343014SwollmanRule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1114158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 111514343Swollman# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 111614343Swollman# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 111714343Swollman# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 11182742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 111943014SwollmanZone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 112075267Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1121158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 112243014Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 112375267Swollman# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1124158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 112519878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 112643014Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 112719878Swollman 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 112819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 11292742Swollman 113019878Swollman# Germany 11318049Swollman 1132149514Swollman# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 113343014Swollman# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 113443014Swollman# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1135114173Swollman# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 113643014Swollman 1137114173Swollman# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1138181424Sedwin# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1139181424Sedwin# <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> 1140114173Swollman# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. 1141114173Swollman 1142114173Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1143114173Swollman# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf"> 1144181421Sedwin# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1145181421Sedwin# </a> 1146114173Swollman# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1147114173Swollman# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1148114173Swollman# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1149114173Swollman 1150114173Swollman 11512742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 115219878SwollmanRule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 115343014SwollmanRule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 115443014SwollmanRule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1155181421Sedwin# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1156181421Sedwin# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1157181421Sedwin# Go with the PTB. 1158181421SedwinRule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 115943014SwollmanRule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 116019878SwollmanRule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 116119878SwollmanRule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 116219878SwollmanRule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1163181421Sedwin 1164181421SedwinRule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1165181421SedwinRule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1166181421SedwinRule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1167181421Sedwin 11682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11692742SwollmanZone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1170181421Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1171181421Sedwin 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 117219878Swollman 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 117319878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 11742742Swollman 1175138323Swollman# Georgia 1176138323Swollman# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1177138323Swollman# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1178138323Swollman# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1179138323Swollman 11802742Swollman# Gibraltar 11812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1182158421SwollmanZone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 11832742Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 118419878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1982 118519878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 11862742Swollman 11872742Swollman# Greece 11882742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1189158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 119019878SwollmanRule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 11912742SwollmanRule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1192158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 119319878SwollmanRule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1194158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 11952742SwollmanRule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 119619878SwollmanRule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 11972742SwollmanRule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1198158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 119919878SwollmanRule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 12002742SwollmanRule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 120119878SwollmanRule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 12022742SwollmanRule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 120319878SwollmanRule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 12042742SwollmanRule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 120519878SwollmanRule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 12062742SwollmanRule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 12072742SwollmanRule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 120819878SwollmanRule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 12092742SwollmanRule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 121019878SwollmanRule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 12112742SwollmanRule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 12122742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12132742SwollmanZone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 121419878Swollman 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 121519878Swollman 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 121619878Swollman 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 121719878Swollman 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1218158421Swollman # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 121921217Swollman # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 122019878Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 12212742Swollman 12222742Swollman# Hungary 12232742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 122419878SwollmanRule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 122517200SwollmanRule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 122619878SwollmanRule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 12272742SwollmanRule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 122819878SwollmanRule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 12292742SwollmanRule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 123019878SwollmanRule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 12312742SwollmanRule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 123219878SwollmanRule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 12332742SwollmanRule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 123419878SwollmanRule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 123519878SwollmanRule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 12362742SwollmanRule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 123719878SwollmanRule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 12382742SwollmanRule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 123919878SwollmanRule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 12402742SwollmanRule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 124119878SwollmanRule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 12422742SwollmanRule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 124319878SwollmanRule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 12442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12452742SwollmanZone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 124619878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 124719878Swollman 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1248181424Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 124919878Swollman 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 125019878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 12512742Swollman 12522742Swollman# Iceland 12532742Swollman# 1254149514Swollman# From Adam David (1993-11-06): 12552742Swollman# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 12562742Swollman# 125719878Swollman# (1993-12-05): 12582742Swollman# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 12592742Swollman# Iceland Almanak. 12602742Swollman# 12612742Swollman# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 12622742Swollman# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 12632742Swollman# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 12642742Swollman# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 12652742Swollman# 12662742Swollman# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 12672742Swollman# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 12682742Swollman# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 12692742Swollman# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 12702742Swollman# 127119878Swollman# (1993-12-10): 12722742Swollman# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 12732742Swollman# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 12742742Swollman# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 12752742Swollman# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 12762742Swollman# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 12772742Swollman# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 12782742Swollman# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 127919878Swollman# might mean something else (???). 12802742Swollman# 1281158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1282158421Swollman# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points. 1283158421Swollman# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely 1284158421Swollman# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 12852742Swollman# 12862742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 128719878SwollmanRule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 128819878SwollmanRule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 128919878SwollmanRule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 129019878SwollmanRule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 129119878SwollmanRule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 129219878SwollmanRule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 129319878SwollmanRule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 129419878SwollmanRule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 129519878SwollmanRule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 129619878SwollmanRule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 129719878SwollmanRule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 12982742Swollman# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 129919878SwollmanRule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 130019878SwollmanRule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 13012742Swollman# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 130219878SwollmanRule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 13032742Swollman# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 130419878SwollmanRule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 130519878SwollmanRule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 130619878SwollmanRule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 13072742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13082742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 130919878Swollman -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 131019878Swollman -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 13112742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 13122742Swollman 13132742Swollman# Italy 131419878Swollman# 131575267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 131675267Swollman# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 131786222Swollman# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 131875267Swollman# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 131975267Swollman# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 132075267Swollman# so record only the time in Rome. 132175267Swollman# 1322158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1323158421Swollman# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1324158421Swollman# F. Pollastri 132575267Swollman# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1326158421Swollman# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 132743014Swollman# </a> 132843014Swollman# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 132943014Swollman# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 133017200Swollman# 1331158421Swollman# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 133217200Swollman# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 133317200Swollman# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 133417200Swollman# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 133517200Swollman# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 133617200Swollman# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 133717200Swollman# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 133817200Swollman# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 133917200Swollman# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 134017200Swollman# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 134117200Swollman# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 134219878Swollman# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 134317200Swollman# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 134417200Swollman# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 134517200Swollman# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 134617200Swollman# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 134717200Swollman# 13482742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 134919878SwollmanRule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 135017200SwollmanRule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 135119878SwollmanRule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 13522742SwollmanRule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 135319878SwollmanRule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 13542742SwollmanRule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 135519878SwollmanRule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 135619878SwollmanRule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 135717200SwollmanRule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 135819878SwollmanRule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 135917200SwollmanRule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 136019878SwollmanRule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 136117200SwollmanRule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 136219878SwollmanRule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 13632742SwollmanRule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 136419878SwollmanRule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 13652742SwollmanRule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 136619878SwollmanRule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 13672742SwollmanRule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 136819878SwollmanRule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 13692742SwollmanRule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 137019878SwollmanRule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 137119878SwollmanRule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 13722742SwollmanRule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 137319878SwollmanRule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 13742742SwollmanRule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 13752742SwollmanRule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 137619878SwollmanRule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 13772742SwollmanRule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 137819878SwollmanRule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 137919878SwollmanRule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 13802742SwollmanRule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 138119878SwollmanRule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 138219878SwollmanRule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 13832742SwollmanRule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 13842742SwollmanRule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 13852742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13862742SwollmanZone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1387158421Swollman 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 138819878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 138919878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 139019878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 139119878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 13922742Swollman 13939908SwollmanLink Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 13949908SwollmanLink Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 13959908Swollman 13962742Swollman# Latvia 139743014Swollman 1398149514Swollman# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 139943014Swollman 140043014Swollman# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 140143014Swollman# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 140243014Swollman# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 140343014Swollman# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 140443014Swollman# 140543014Swollman# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 140643014Swollman# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 140743014Swollman# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 140843014Swollman# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 140943014Swollman# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 141043014Swollman# 141143014Swollman# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 141243014Swollman# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 141343014Swollman# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 141443014Swollman# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 141543014Swollman# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 141643014Swollman# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 141743014Swollman# 141843014Swollman# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 141943014Swollman# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 142043014Swollman# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 142143014Swollman# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 142243014Swollman# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 142343014Swollman# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 142443014Swollman# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 142543014Swollman# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 142643014Swollman# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 142743014Swollman# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 142843014Swollman# 142943014Swollman# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 143043014Swollman# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 143143014Swollman# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 143243014Swollman 143358787Sru# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 143458787Sru# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 143558787Sru# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 143658787Sru# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 143758787Sru# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 143858787Sru 143975267Swollman# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> 144075267Swollman# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 144175267Swollman# </a> 144275267Swollman# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 144375267Swollman# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 144475267Swollman# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 144575267Swollman# clocks one hour in the spring.... 144675267Swollman# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few 144775267Swollman# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 144875267Swollman# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 144975267Swollman# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 145075267Swollman# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 145175267Swollman# appears that they will not do so.... 145275267Swollman 145320094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 145443014SwollmanRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 145543014SwollmanRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 14562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 14572742SwollmanZone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 145819878Swollman 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 145919878Swollman 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 146019878Swollman 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 146119878Swollman 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 146219878Swollman 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 14632742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 146420094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 146543014Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 146643014Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 146743014Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 146843014Swollman 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 146958787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1470121098Swollman 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 147175267Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 14722742Swollman 14732742Swollman# Liechtenstein 14742742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 14752742SwollmanZone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 147619878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1981 147719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 14782742Swollman 14792742Swollman# Lithuania 148058787Sru 148158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 148258787Sru# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 148358787Sru# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 148458787Sru 1485149514Swollman# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 148658787Sru# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 148758787Sru# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 148858787Sru 148958787Sru# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 149058787Sru# via Steffen Thorsen: 149158787Sru# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 149258787Sru# to be valid here starting from October 31, 149358787Sru# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 149458787Sru# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 149558787Sru# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 149675267Swollman# already done by Estonia. 149758787Sru 149864499Swollman# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> 149964499Swollman# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 150064499Swollman# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 150164499Swollman 1502114173Swollman# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1503114173Swollman# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1504114173Swollman# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1505114173Swollman# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1506114173Swollman# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1507114173Swollman# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1508114173Swollman# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1509114173Swollman 1510114173Swollman 15112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15122742SwollmanZone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 151319878Swollman 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 151419878Swollman 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 151519878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 15162742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 151719878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 151820094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 151919878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 152020094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 152119878Swollman 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 152243014Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 152343014Swollman 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 152458787Sru 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1525114173Swollman 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1526114173Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 15272742Swollman 15282742Swollman# Luxembourg 1529158421Swollman# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1530158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 15312742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 153219878SwollmanRule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 15332742SwollmanRule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 153419878SwollmanRule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 15352742SwollmanRule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 153619878SwollmanRule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 15372742SwollmanRule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 153819878SwollmanRule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 15392742SwollmanRule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 154019878SwollmanRule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 15412742SwollmanRule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 154219878SwollmanRule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 15432742SwollmanRule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 154419878SwollmanRule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 15452742SwollmanRule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 154619878SwollmanRule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 15472742SwollmanRule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 154819878SwollmanRule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 15492742SwollmanRule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 155019878SwollmanRule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 155119878SwollmanRule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 155219878SwollmanRule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 155319878SwollmanRule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 155419878SwollmanRule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 15552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15562742SwollmanZone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 155719878Swollman 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 155819878Swollman 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 155919878Swollman 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 156019878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 156119878Swollman 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 156219878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 15632742Swollman 15642742Swollman# Macedonia 1565163302Sru# see Serbia 15662742Swollman 15672742Swollman# Malta 15682742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 156919878SwollmanRule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 15702742SwollmanRule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 157119878SwollmanRule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 15722742SwollmanRule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 157319878SwollmanRule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 15742742SwollmanRule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 157519878SwollmanRule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 15762742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1577158421SwollmanZone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 157819878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 157919878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 158019878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 158119878Swollman 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 158219878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 15832742Swollman 15842742Swollman# Moldova 158575267Swollman 1586158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1587158421Swollman# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1588158421Swollman# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 158975267Swollman# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 159075267Swollman# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 159175267Swollman# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 159275267Swollman# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1593149514Swollman# But [two people] separately reported via 159475267Swollman# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 159575267Swollman# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 159675267Swollman 15972742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159858787SruZone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 159958787Sru 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 160058787Sru 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 160158787Sru 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 160258787Sru 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 160358787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 160458787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 160558787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 160658787Sru 2:00 - EET 1991 160758787Sru 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 160858787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 160958787Sru# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 161058787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 16112742Swollman 16122742Swollman# Monaco 1613158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1614158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21. 16152742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 16162742SwollmanZone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 161714343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 161819878Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 161919878Swollman 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 162019878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 16212742Swollman 1622163302Sru# Montenegro 1623163302Sru# see Serbia 1624163302Sru 16252742Swollman# Netherlands 162686222Swollman 162714343Swollman# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 162814343Swollman# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 162986222Swollman 163086222Swollman# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 163186222Swollman# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 163286222Swollman# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 163386222Swollman# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 163486222Swollman# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 163586222Swollman# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 163686222Swollman# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 163786222Swollman# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 163886222Swollman# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 163986222Swollman# 164086222Swollman# (2001-04-08): 164186222Swollman# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 164286222Swollman# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 164386222Swollman# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 164486222Swollman# 164586222Swollman# (2001-04-09): 164686222Swollman# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 164786222Swollman# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 164886222Swollman# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 164986222Swollman# actually followed. 165086222Swollman# 165186222Swollman# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 165286222Swollman# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 165386222Swollman# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 165486222Swollman# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 165586222Swollman# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 165686222Swollman# 165786222Swollman# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 165886222Swollman# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 165986222Swollman# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 166086222Swollman# Amsterdam mean time. 166186222Swollman 166286222Swollman# The data before 1945 are taken from 166375267Swollman# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. 166486222Swollman 16652742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 166675267SwollmanRule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 166775267SwollmanRule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 16682742SwollmanRule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 16692742SwollmanRule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 16702742SwollmanRule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 167186222SwollmanRule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 167275267SwollmanRule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 167319878SwollmanRule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 167475267SwollmanRule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 167575267SwollmanRule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 167675267SwollmanRule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 167786222Swollman# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 167886222Swollman# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 16792742SwollmanRule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 16802742SwollmanRule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 16812742SwollmanRule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 16822742SwollmanRule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 168319878SwollmanRule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 168419878SwollmanRule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 168519878SwollmanRule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 168619878SwollmanRule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 168775267SwollmanRule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 168886222Swollman# 168986222Swollman# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 169086222Swollman# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 16912742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 169286222SwollmanZone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 169386222Swollman 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 169486222Swollman 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 169519878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 169619878Swollman 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 169719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 16982742Swollman 16992742Swollman# Norway 1700158421Swollman# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1701158421Swollman# Pottenger. 17022742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 170319878SwollmanRule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 17042742SwollmanRule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 170519878SwollmanRule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 17062742SwollmanRule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 170719878SwollmanRule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 17082742SwollmanRule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 170919878SwollmanRule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 17102742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 171186222SwollmanZone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 171219878Swollman 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 171319878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 171419878Swollman 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 171519878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 171643014Swollman 171743014Swollman# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 171886222Swollman 171986222Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 172086222Swollman# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 172186222Swollman# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 172286222Swollman# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 172386222Swollman# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 172486222Swollman# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 172586222Swollman# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and 172686222Swollman# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation 172786222Swollman# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 172886222Swollman# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 172986222Swollman# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 173086222Swollman# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been 173186222Swollman# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 173286222Swollman# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by 173386222Swollman# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 173486222Swollman# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 173586222Swollman# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 173686222Swollman# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 173786222Swollman 173886222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01): 173986222Swollman# 174086222Swollman# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1741138323Swollman# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 174286222Swollman# keeping Berlin time. 174386222Swollman# 174486222Swollman# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 174586222Swollman# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 174686222Swollman# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 174786222Swollman# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 174886222Swollman# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 174986222Swollman# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 175086222Swollman# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 175186222Swollman# 175286222Swollman# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 175386222Swollman# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 175486222Swollman# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 175586222Swollman# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 175686222Swollman# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 175786222Swollman# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1758149514Swollman# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> 175986222Swollman# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 176086222Swollman# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 176186222Swollman# 176286222Swollman# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can 176386222Swollman# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the 176486222Swollman# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now: 176519878SwollmanLink Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 17662742Swollman 17672742Swollman# Poland 17682742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17692742SwollmanRule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 177019878SwollmanRule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1771158421SwollmanRule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 1772158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 17732742SwollmanRule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1774158421Swollman# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 177519878SwollmanRule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 17762742SwollmanRule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1777149514Swollman# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 1778149514Swollman# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 1779149514Swollman# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1> 1780149514Swollman# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 1781149514Swollman# He also gives these further references: 1782149514Swollman# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 1783149514Swollman# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 1784149514SwollmanRule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 1785149514SwollmanRule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1786149514SwollmanRule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1787149514SwollmanRule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1788149514SwollmanRule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1789149514SwollmanRule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 179019878SwollmanRule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 17912742SwollmanRule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 179219878SwollmanRule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 179319878SwollmanRule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 17942742SwollmanRule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 179519878SwollmanRule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1796149514SwollmanRule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 17972742SwollmanRule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 17982742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 17992742SwollmanZone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 180019878Swollman 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 180119878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 180219878Swollman 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 180319878Swollman 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 180419878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1805149514Swollman 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1806149514Swollman 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 180758787Sru 1:00 EU CE%sT 18082742Swollman 18092742Swollman# Portugal 181020094Swollman# 1811149514Swollman# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 181220094Swollman# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 181320094Swollman# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 181420094Swollman# 1815149514Swollman# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 181620094Swollman# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 181720094Swollman# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 181820094Swollman# 181920094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 182020094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 182120094Swollman# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 182220094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 182320094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 182420094Swollman# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 182520094Swollman# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 182620094Swollman# 18272742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 182843543Swollman# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 182943543Swollman# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 1830158421Swollman# Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 183119878SwollmanRule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 1832158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 18332742SwollmanRule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 183419878SwollmanRule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 18352742SwollmanRule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 183619878SwollmanRule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 183719878SwollmanRule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 183819878SwollmanRule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 183919878SwollmanRule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 184019878SwollmanRule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 18412742SwollmanRule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 184219878SwollmanRule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 18432742SwollmanRule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 184419878SwollmanRule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 184519878SwollmanRule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 184619878SwollmanRule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 184719878SwollmanRule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1848158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 18492742SwollmanRule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 185019878SwollmanRule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 185119878SwollmanRule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1852158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 18532742SwollmanRule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1854158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 185519878SwollmanRule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 185619878SwollmanRule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1857158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 185819878SwollmanRule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 185919878SwollmanRule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 186019878SwollmanRule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1861158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 18622742SwollmanRule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 186319878SwollmanRule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1864158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 18652742SwollmanRule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 186619878SwollmanRule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 186719878SwollmanRule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 186843014SwollmanRule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 186919878SwollmanRule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 18702742SwollmanRule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 187143014SwollmanRule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 187219878SwollmanRule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 187343014SwollmanRule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 187419878SwollmanRule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 18752742SwollmanRule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 187619878SwollmanRule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 18772742SwollmanRule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1878158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 1879158421Swollman# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 188019878SwollmanRule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 18812742SwollmanRule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 188219878SwollmanRule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 18832742SwollmanRule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 188419878SwollmanRule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 18852742SwollmanRule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 18862742SwollmanRule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 188719878SwollmanRule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 188819878SwollmanRule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 188919878SwollmanRule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 18902742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1891158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24; 1892121098Swollman# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett. 18932742SwollmanZone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 1894121098Swollman -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 189519878Swollman 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 189619878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 189719878Swollman 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 189820094Swollman 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 189919878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 190019878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 19012742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 190286222Swollman -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 190319878Swollman -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 190419878Swollman -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 190520094Swollman -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 190620094Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 190720094Swollman -1:00 EU AZO%sT 19082742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 190986222Swollman -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 191019878Swollman -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 191119878Swollman 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 191219878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 19132742Swollman 19142742Swollman# Romania 191558787Sru# 191658787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 191758787Sru# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 191858787Sru# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 191958787Sru# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 192058787Sru# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 192158787Sru# the same year as Bulgaria. 192258787Sru# 19232742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 192419878SwollmanRule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 19252742SwollmanRule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 192619878SwollmanRule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 192719878SwollmanRule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 19282742SwollmanRule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 192919878SwollmanRule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 19302742SwollmanRule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 193120094SwollmanRule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 193220094SwollmanRule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 19332742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 19342742SwollmanZone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 193519878Swollman 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 193619878Swollman 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 193720094Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 193820094Swollman 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 193958787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 194058787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 19412742Swollman 19422742Swollman# Russia 194321217Swollman 1944158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 194558787Sru# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 194620094Swollman# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 1947158421Swollman# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 1948158421Swollman# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 1949158421Swollman# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 19502742Swollman# 1951149514Swollman# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 195286222Swollman# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 195386222Swollman# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 195486222Swollman# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 195586222Swollman# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 195686222Swollman# 1957149514Swollman# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 195820094Swollman# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 1959136638Swollman# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 196020094Swollman# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 196120094Swollman# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 196220094Swollman# 1963149514Swollman# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 196420094Swollman# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 196520094Swollman# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 196620094Swollman# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 196720094Swollman# 196875267Swollman# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 196975267Swollman# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 197075267Swollman# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 197175267Swollman# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 197275267Swollman# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began 197375267Swollman# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 197475267Swollman# 197586222Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 197686222Swollman# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 197786222Swollman# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 197886222Swollman# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 197986222Swollman# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 198086222Swollman# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 198186222Swollman# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 198286222Swollman# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 198386222Swollman# 19842742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 198586222Swollman# 198686222Swollman# Kaliningradskaya oblast'. 198786222SwollmanZone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 198820094Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 198958787Sru 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 199020094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 199120094Swollman 2:00 Russia EE%sT 199286222Swollman# 199386222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1994163302Sru# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', 199586222Swollman# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', 1996163302Sru# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', 199786222Swollman# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, 199886222Swollman# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, 199986222Swollman# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, 2000163302Sru# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi, 200186222Swollman# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', 200286222Swollman# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, 200386222Swollman# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', 200486222Swollman# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, 200586222Swollman# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', 200686222Swollman# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', 2007163302Sru# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, 200886222Swollman# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', 200986222Swollman# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, 201086222Swollman# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', 201186222Swollman# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', 201286222Swollman# Yaroslavskaya oblast' 20132742SwollmanZone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 201458787Sru 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 201558787Sru 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 201620094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 20172742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 201820094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 201958787Sru 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 202020094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 202186222Swollman# 2022163302Sru# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast', 2023163302Sru# Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 2024163302Sru# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the 2025163302Sru# others? But we have no data. 2026163302SruZone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2027163302Sru 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 2028163302Sru 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 2029163302Sru 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 2030163302Sru 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T 2031163302Sru 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2032163302Sru 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2033163302Sru 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 2034163302Sru# 203586222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 203686222Swollman# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika 203758787SruZone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2038163302Sru 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 2039163302Sru 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 2040163302Sru 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev 204158787Sru 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 204258787Sru 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 204358787Sru 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2044206219Sedwin 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time 2045206219Sedwin 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2046206219Sedwin 204786222Swollman# 204886222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 204986222Swollman# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, 205086222Swollman# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', 205186222Swollman# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', 205286222Swollman# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', 205386222Swollman# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. 205458787SruZone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 205558787Sru 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 205643766Sbde 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 205758787Sru 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 205843766Sbde 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time 205986222Swollman# 206086222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 206186222Swollman# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. 206258787SruZone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 206358787Sru 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 206443766Sbde 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 206558787Sru 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 206643766Sbde 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 206786222Swollman# 2068163302Sru# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's 2069163302Sru# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. 2070163302Sru# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'. 207158787SruZone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 207258787Sru 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 207343766Sbde 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 207458787Sru 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2075158421Swollman 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 207643766Sbde 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2077198825Sedwin 2078198825Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2079198825Sedwin# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2080198825Sedwin# March 28, 2010: 2081198825Sedwin# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2082198825Sedwin# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 208386222Swollman# 2084198825Sedwin# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September 2085198825Sedwin# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2086198825Sedwin# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2087198825Sedwin# 2088198825Sedwin# Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2089198825Sedwin# <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv"> 2090198825Sedwin# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2091198825Sedwin# </a> 2092198825Sedwin# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2093198825Sedwin# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2094198825Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html"> 2095198825Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2096198825Sedwin# </a> 2097198825Sedwin# 2098198825Sedwin# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2099198825Sedwin# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2100198825Sedwin# 2101198825Sedwin# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as 2102198825Sedwin# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. 2103198825Sedwin 2104198825SedwinZone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6 2105198825Sedwin 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2106198825Sedwin 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2107198825Sedwin 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2108198825Sedwin 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2109198825Sedwin 6:00 Russia NOV%sT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time 2110198825Sedwin 2111198825Sedwin# 211286222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2113198825Sedwin# Krasnoyarskij kraj, 2114163302Sru# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, 211586222Swollman# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. 211658787SruZone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 211758787Sru 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 211843766Sbde 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 211958787Sru 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 212043766Sbde 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 212186222Swollman# 212286222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 212386222Swollman# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', 212486222Swollman# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. 21252742SwollmanZone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 212658787Sru 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 212758787Sru 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 212843766Sbde 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 212958787Sru 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 213043766Sbde 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 213186222Swollman# 2132136638Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 213386222Swollman# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', 213486222Swollman# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. 2135200835Sedwin 2136200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2137200835Sedwin# ...some regions of RUssia were merged with others since 2005... 2138200835Sedwin# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name. 2139200835Sedwin# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj. 2140200835Sedwin 2141200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2142136638Swollman# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij, 2143200835Sedwin# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj, 2144136638Swollman# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij, 2145200835Sedwin# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij, 2146136638Swollman# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij, 2147200835Sedwin# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij. 2148200835Sedwin 214958787SruZone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 215058787Sru 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 215143766Sbde 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 215258787Sru 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 215343766Sbde 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 215486222Swollman# 2155136638Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 215686222Swollman# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, 215786222Swollman# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2158200835Sedwin 2159200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2160200835Sedwin# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij, 2161136638Swollman# Ust'-Yanskij. 216258787SruZone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 216358787Sru 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 216443766Sbde 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 216558787Sru 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 216643766Sbde 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 216786222Swollman# 216886222Swollman# Sakhalinskaya oblast'. 216986222Swollman# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 217086222SwollmanZone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 217186222Swollman 9:00 - CJT 1938 217286222Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 217386222Swollman 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. 217486222Swollman 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 217586222Swollman 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 217686222Swollman 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 217786222Swollman# 2178136638Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 217986222Swollman# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2180136638Swollman# Probably also: Kuril Islands. 2181200835Sedwin 2182200835Sedwin# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2183200835Sedwin# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij, 2184200835Sedwin# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij, Srednekolymskij. 21852742SwollmanZone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 218658787Sru 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 218743766Sbde 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 218858787Sru 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 218943766Sbde 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 219086222Swollman# 219186222Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 219286222Swollman# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. 219386222Swollman# 219486222Swollman# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 219558787SruZone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 219658787Sru 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 219743766Sbde 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 219858787Sru 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2199206219Sedwin 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2200206219Sedwin 11:00 Russia PET%sT 220186222Swollman# 220286222Swollman# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug 22032742SwollmanZone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 220458787Sru 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 220558787Sru 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 220658787Sru 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 220758787Sru 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2208206219Sedwin 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2209206219Sedwin 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 22102742Swollman 2211163302Sru# Serbia 2212114173Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2213114173SwollmanZone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2214114173Swollman 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2215181424Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2216181424Sedwin 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 2217114173Swollman 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2218149514Swollman# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of 2219114173Swollman# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2220158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 2221114173Swollman 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2222114173Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 2223114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2224163302SruLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 2225114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2226114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2227114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2228114173Swollman 222914343Swollman# Slovakia 223014343SwollmanLink Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 22319908Swollman 22322742Swollman# Slovenia 2233163302Sru# see Serbia 22342742Swollman 22352742Swollman# Spain 22362742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2237158421Swollman# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 2238158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 223919878SwollmanRule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 22402742SwollmanRule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 224119878SwollmanRule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 224219878SwollmanRule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2243158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 224419878SwollmanRule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2245158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 22462742SwollmanRule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 224719878SwollmanRule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2248158421Swollman# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 22492742SwollmanRule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 225019878SwollmanRule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 225119878SwollmanRule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 225219878SwollmanRule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2253158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 2254158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 225519878SwollmanRule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 22562742SwollmanRule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 225719878SwollmanRule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 225819878SwollmanRule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 225919878SwollmanRule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2260158421Swollman# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 226143014SwollmanRule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 226219878SwollmanRule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 226343014SwollmanRule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 226419878SwollmanRule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 226519878SwollmanRule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 226619878SwollmanRule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 226714343SwollmanRule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 226819878SwollmanRule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 22692742SwollmanRule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 227019878SwollmanRule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 22712742SwollmanRule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 227219878SwollmanRule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 22732742SwollmanRule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 227419878SwollmanRule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 22752742SwollmanRule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 227619878Swollman# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 227719878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 227819878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 227919878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 228019878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 228119878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 228219878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 228319878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 228419878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 228519878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 22862742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2287158421SwollmanZone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 228819878Swollman 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 228919878Swollman 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 229019878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 229119878SwollmanZone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 229219878Swollman 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 229319878Swollman 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 229419878Swollman 0:00 - WET 1924 229519878Swollman 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 229619878Swollman 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 229719878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1986 229819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 22992742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 230019878Swollman -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 23012742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 230219878Swollman 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 230319878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 230420094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 230520094Swollman# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 23062742Swollman 230719878Swollman# Sweden 230886222Swollman 2309158421Swollman# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 231086222Swollman# 231186222Swollman# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 231286222Swollman# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 231386222Swollman# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 231486222Swollman# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 231586222Swollman# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 231686222Swollman# 231786222Swollman# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 231886222Swollman# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 231986222Swollman# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 232086222Swollman# 232186222Swollman# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 232286222Swollman# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 232386222Swollman# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 232486222Swollman# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 232586222Swollman# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 232686222Swollman# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 232786222Swollman# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 232886222Swollman# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 232986222Swollman# 233086222Swollman# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 233186222Swollman# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 233286222Swollman# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 233386222Swollman# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 233486222Swollman# 233586222Swollman# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 233686222Swollman# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 233786222Swollman# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 233886222Swollman# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 233986222Swollman# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 234086222Swollman# the Sok-button). 234186222Swollman# 234286222Swollman# (2001-05-13): 234386222Swollman# 234486222Swollman# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 234586222Swollman# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 234686222Swollman# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 234786222Swollman# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 234886222Swollman# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 234986222Swollman# hour before the event took place. 235086222Swollman# 235186222Swollman# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 235286222Swollman 23532742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 235486222SwollmanZone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 235586222Swollman 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 235686222Swollman 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 235786222Swollman 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 235819878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1980 235919878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 23602742Swollman 23612742Swollman# Switzerland 236258787Sru# From Howse: 23632742Swollman# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 23642742Swollman# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 23652742Swollman# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 23662742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23672742Swollman# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): 2368187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 2369187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 2370158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2371187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 2372187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 2373187588Sedwin 2374187588Sedwin# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 2375187588Sedwin# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 2376187588Sedwin# 2377187588Sedwin# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 2378187588Sedwin# to be wrong. This is now verified. 2379187588Sedwin# 2380187588Sedwin# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 2381187588Sedwin# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 2382187588Sedwin# federal law collection)... 2383187588Sedwin# 2384187588Sedwin# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 2385187588Sedwin# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 2386187588Sedwin# 2387187588Sedwin# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 2388187588Sedwin# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 2389187588Sedwin# 2390187588Sedwin# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 2391187588Sedwin# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 2392187588Sedwin# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 2393187588Sedwin# other years are made. 2394187588Sedwin# 2395187588Sedwin# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 2396187588Sedwin# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 2397187588Sedwin# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 2398187588Sedwin# a thing had happened in Switzerland. 2399187588Sedwin# 2400187588Sedwin# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de 2401187588Sedwin# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 2402187588Sedwin# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 2403187588Sedwin# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 2404187588Sedwin# 2405187588Sedwin# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 2406187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2407187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2408187588Sedwin# 2409187588Sedwin# The 1940 rules must be deleted. 2410187588Sedwin# 2411187588Sedwin# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 2412187588Sedwin# most users of tzdata: 2413187588Sedwin# The zone file 2414187588Sedwin# Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 2415187588Sedwin# 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time 2416187588Sedwin# 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2417187588Sedwin# 1:00 EU CE%sT 2418187588Sedwin# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 2419187588Sedwin# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not 2420187588Sedwin# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 2421187588Sedwin# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 2422187588Sedwin 2423187588Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2424187588SedwinRule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2425187588SedwinRule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 24262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 24272742SwollmanZone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 242819878Swollman 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 242919878Swollman 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 243019878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 24312742Swollman 24322742Swollman# Turkey 2433169811Swollman 2434169811Swollman# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 2435169811Swollman# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 2436169811Swollman# ... The latest rules are available at - 2437169811Swollman# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 2438169811Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): 2439169811Swollman# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that 2440169811Swollman# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure 2441169811Swollman# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: 2442169811Swollman# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm 2443169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT 2444169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM 2445169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 2446169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 2447169811Swollman# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 2448169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): 2449169811Swollman# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. 2450169811Swollman 2451169811Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 2452169811Swollman# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 2453169811Swollman# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 2454169811Swollman# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 2455169811Swollman# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 2456169811Swollman# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 2457169811Swollman# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 2458169811Swollman# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 2459169811Swollman# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 2460169811Swollman 2461183066Sedwin# From Sue Williams (2008-08-11): 2462183066Sedwin# I spotted this news article about a potential change in Turkey. 2463183066Sedwin# 2464183066Sedwin# <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1"> 2465183066Sedwin# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1 2466183066Sedwin# </a> 2467183066Sedwin 2468183066Sedwin# From Sue Williams (2008-08-20): 2469183066Sedwin# This article says that around the end of March 2011, Turkey wants to 2470183066Sedwin# adjust the clocks forward by 1/2 hour and stay that way permanently. 2471183066Sedwin# The article indicates that this is a change in timezone offset in addition 2472183066Sedwin# to stopping observance of DST. 2473183066Sedwin# This proposal has not yet been approved. 2474183066Sedwin# 2475183066Sedwin# Read more here... 2476183066Sedwin# 2477183066Sedwin# Turkey to abandon daylight saving time in 2011 2478183066Sedwin# <a href="http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989"> 2479183066Sedwin# http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989 2480183066Sedwin# </a> 2481183066Sedwin 24822742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 248319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 24842742SwollmanRule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 248519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 24862742SwollmanRule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 248719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 24882742SwollmanRule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 248919878SwollmanRule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 24902742SwollmanRule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2491158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 2492158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 249319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 24942742SwollmanRule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 249519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 249619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 24972742SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 249819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 24992742SwollmanRule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 250019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2501158421Swollman# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 2502158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 25032742SwollmanRule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 250419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 25052742SwollmanRule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 250619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 25072742SwollmanRule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 250819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 25092742SwollmanRule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 251019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 251119878SwollmanRule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 251219878SwollmanRule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 25132742SwollmanRule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 251419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 25152742SwollmanRule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 251619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 25172742SwollmanRule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 251819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 25192742SwollmanRule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 252019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 25212742SwollmanRule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 252219878SwollmanRule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 25232742SwollmanRule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 252419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 25252742SwollmanRule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 252619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 252719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 25282742SwollmanRule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 252919878SwollmanRule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 25302742SwollmanRule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 253119878SwollmanRule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 253219878SwollmanRule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 25332742SwollmanRule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 253419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 25352742SwollmanRule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2536169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2537169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 2538169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2539169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2540169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 25412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25422742SwollmanZone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 254319878Swollman 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 254419878Swollman 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 254519878Swollman 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2546169811Swollman 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 254720094Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 25482742SwollmanLink Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 25492742Swollman 25502742Swollman# Ukraine 2551114173Swollman# 2552114173Swollman# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice, 2553114173Swollman# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 2554114173Swollman# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment 2555114173Swollman# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 2556114173Swollman# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 2557114173Swollman# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 2558114173Swollman# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 2559114173Swollman 25602742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256158787Sru# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 2562171948Sedwin# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2563171948Sedwin# "Kiev" is more common in English. 25642742SwollmanZone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 256558787Sru 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 25662742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 256758787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 256858787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 256958787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 257058787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 257158787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 257258787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 257320094Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 257458787Sru# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 2575171948Sedwin# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2576171948Sedwin# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 257758787SruZone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 257858787Sru 1:00 - CET 1940 257958787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 258058787Sru 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 258158787Sru 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 258258787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 258358787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 258458787Sru 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 258558787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 258658787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 258758787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 258858787Sru# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 2589171948Sedwin# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2590171948Sedwin# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 2591171948Sedwin# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 2592171948Sedwin# portable Posix file names. 259358787SruZone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 259458787Sru 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 259558787Sru 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 259658787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 259758787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 259858787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 259958787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 260058787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 260158787Sru# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 26022742SwollmanZone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 260358787Sru 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 26042742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 260558787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 260658787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 260758787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 260858787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 260958787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 2610158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 261158787Sru# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 261220094Swollman# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2613158421Swollman# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened 2614158421Swollman# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2615158421Swollman# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2616158421Swollman# changed in May. 261758787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 261843014Swollman# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 261958787Sru 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 262058787Sru 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 262143014Swollman# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 262243014Swollman# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 262364499Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 262464499Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 262543014Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 26262742Swollman 26272742Swollman############################################################################### 26282742Swollman 26292742Swollman# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 26302742Swollman# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 26312742Swollman# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 26322742Swollman# 26332742Swollman# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 26342742Swollman# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 26352742Swollman# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 26362742Swollman# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 26372742Swollman# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 26382742Swollman# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 26392742Swollman 26402742Swollman# ... 26412742Swollman# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 2642149514Swollman# From: Tom Hofmann 26432742Swollman# ... 26442742Swollman# 26452742Swollman# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 26462742Swollman# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 26472742Swollman# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 26482742Swollman# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 26492742Swollman# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 26502742Swollman# years... 26512742Swollman# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 26522742Swollman# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 26532742Swollman# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 26542742Swollman# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 26552742Swollman# 26562742Swollman# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 26572742Swollman# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 26582742Swollman# 26592742Swollman# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 26602742Swollman# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 2661149514Swollman# ... 26622742Swollman 26632742Swollman# ... 26642742Swollman# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 2665149514Swollman# From: Dik T. Winter 26662742Swollman# ... 26672742Swollman# 26682742Swollman# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 26692742Swollman# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 26702742Swollman# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 26712742Swollman# 26722742Swollman# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 26732742Swollman# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 26742742Swollman# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 26752742Swollman# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 26762742Swollman# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 26772742Swollman# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 26782742Swollman# dates... 26792742Swollman# 26802742Swollman# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 26812742Swollman# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 26822742Swollman# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 26832742Swollman# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 26842742Swollman# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 26852742Swollman# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 26862742Swollman# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 26872742Swollman# in advance of normal time. 26882742Swollman# 26892742Swollman# ... 26902742Swollman# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 2691149514Swollman# ... 26922742Swollman 269319878Swollman# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 26942742Swollman# ... 26952742Swollman# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 26962742Swollman# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 26972742Swollman# ... 26982742Swollman# Monaco: has same DST as France. 26992742Swollman# ... 2700