australasia revision 263042
1153761Swollman# <pre> 2192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4153761Swollman 52742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 686464Swollman 72742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 82742Swollman 92742Swollman############################################################################### 102742Swollman 112742Swollman# Australia 122742Swollman 1386222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1486222Swollman 152742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1658787SruRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 172742SwollmanRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 182742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 192742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 202742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 212742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 222742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 2358787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2458787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2558787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 262742Swollman 272742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 289908Swollman# Northern Territory 292742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 3030711Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 312742Swollman 9:30 Aus CST 329908Swollman# Western Australia 33169811Swollman# 34169811Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 35169811SwollmanRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 36169811SwollmanRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 37169811SwollmanRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 38169811SwollmanRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 39169811SwollmanRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 40169811SwollmanRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 41169811SwollmanRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 42169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 43169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 442742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 4558787Sru 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 46169811Swollman 8:00 AW WST 47169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 48169811Swollman 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 49169811Swollman 8:45 AW CWST 50169811Swollman 519908Swollman# Queensland 5220094Swollman# 53149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5420094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5520094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5620094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5720094Swollman# 5820094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 5920094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 6020094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6120094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6220094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6320094Swollman# 6420094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6558787SruRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6658787SruRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 6721217SwollmanRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6821217SwollmanRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 6958787SruRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7058787SruRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 712742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 7258787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7321217Swollman 10:00 AQ EST 7420094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 7558787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7658787Sru 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 7720094Swollman 10:00 Holiday EST 782742Swollman 799908Swollman# South Australia 802742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 8114343SwollmanRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8214343SwollmanRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 83171948SedwinRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8414343SwollmanRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 8514343SwollmanRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 86218122SedwinRule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 87218122SedwinRule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 88218122SedwinRule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 89218122SedwinRule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 90218122SedwinRule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 91149514SwollmanRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92218122SedwinRule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 93171948SedwinRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 972742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 982742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 9958787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 1002742Swollman 9:30 AS CST 1012742Swollman 1029908Swollman# Tasmania 103149514Swollman# 104149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 105149514Swollman# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 106149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 107149514Swollman# 1082742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 10958787SruRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 11058787SruRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11114343SwollmanRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11214343SwollmanRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 11358787SruRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11414343SwollmanRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11514343SwollmanRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11614343SwollmanRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11758787SruRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 11814343SwollmanRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 11958787SruRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 12058787SruRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12158787SruRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 122149514SwollmanRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 12358787SruRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12458787SruRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 125149514SwollmanRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 126171948SedwinRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 127171948SedwinRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1292742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 13058787Sru 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 13158787Sru 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 13258787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1967 1332742Swollman 10:00 AT EST 134149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 135149514Swollman 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 136149514Swollman 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 137149514Swollman 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 138149514Swollman 10:00 AT EST 1392742Swollman 1409908Swollman# Victoria 1412742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 14214343SwollmanRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14358787SruRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 14414343SwollmanRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 14514343SwollmanRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 14658787SruRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 14758787SruRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14814343SwollmanRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149149514SwollmanRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 15058787SruRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 151171948SedwinRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152149514SwollmanRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153171948SedwinRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 154171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1572742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 15858787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1592742Swollman 10:00 AV EST 1602742Swollman 1619908Swollman# New South Wales 1622742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16314343SwollmanRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 16414343SwollmanRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 16514343SwollmanRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16614343SwollmanRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16714343SwollmanRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16814343SwollmanRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 16914343SwollmanRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 17043543SwollmanRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 17114343SwollmanRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172149514SwollmanRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 17358787SruRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174171948SedwinRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175149514SwollmanRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176171948SedwinRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1792742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1802742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 18158787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1822742Swollman 10:00 AN EST 1832742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 1842742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 1852742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 18658787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 18758787Sru 9:30 AN CST 2000 18858787Sru 9:30 AS CST 1898029Swollman 19014343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 19114343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 19275267SwollmanRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 19375267SwollmanRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 19475267SwollmanRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19575267SwollmanRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 19675267SwollmanRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 19775267SwollmanRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19875267SwollmanRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 199149514SwollmanRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 20075267SwollmanRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 201171948SedwinRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202149514SwollmanRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203171948SedwinRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 2062742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 2072742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 20814343Swollman 10:30 LH LHST 2098029Swollman 21014343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2112742Swollman# 2122742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 21314343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 214169811Swollman# no times are set 2152742Swollman# 21614343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 21714343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 218169811Swollman# no times are set 21914343Swollman# 22030711Swollman# Macquarie 221249696Sedwin# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 222249696Sedwin# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 223249696Sedwin# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 224249696Sedwin# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828> 225249696Sedwin# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>. 226249696Sedwin# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 227249696Sedwin# 228249696Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 229249696Sedwin# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 230249696Sedwin# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 231249696Sedwin# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 232249696Sedwin# on 4 April. 233253010Sedwin# 234253010Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 235253010Sedwin# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 236253010Sedwin# will produce a binary file with an EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 237253010Sedwin# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 238253010Sedwin# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 239249696SedwinZone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 240249696Sedwin 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 241249696Sedwin 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 242253010Sedwin 10:00 Aus EST 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 243249696Sedwin 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 244249696Sedwin 10:00 Aus EST 1967 245249696Sedwin 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 246249696Sedwin 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 2472742Swollman 24843014Swollman# Christmas 24943014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25043014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 25143014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 2522742Swollman 2532742Swollman# Cook Is 254158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2552742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 25619878SwollmanRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 25743014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 25843014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 2592742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2602742SwollmanZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 26119878Swollman -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 26219878Swollman -10:00 Cook CK%sT 2632742Swollman 2642742Swollman# Cocos 265149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 266149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2672742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 268149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 269149514Swollman 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2702742Swollman 2712742Swollman# Fiji 272248310Sedwin 273248310Sedwin# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 274248310Sedwin 275199336Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 276199336Sedwin# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 277199336Sedwin# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 278199336Sedwin# 279199336Sedwin# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 280199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 281199336Sedwin# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 282199336Sedwin# </a> 283199336Sedwin# or 284199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 285199336Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 286199336Sedwin# </a> 287199336Sedwin 288199336Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 289199336Sedwin# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 290199336Sedwin# amendments: 291199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 292199336Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 293199336Sedwin# </a> 294204887Sedwin 295204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 296204887Sedwin# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 297204887Sedwin# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 298204887Sedwin# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 299204887Sedwin# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 300204887Sedwin# 301204887Sedwin# Official source: 302204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 303204887Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 304204887Sedwin# </a> 305204887Sedwin# 306204887Sedwin# A bit more background info here: 307204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 308204887Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 309204887Sedwin# </a> 310204887Sedwin 311214722Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 312240461Sedwin# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 313214722Sedwin# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 314240461Sedwin# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 315214722Sedwin# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 316214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 317214722Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 318214722Sedwin# </a> 319214722Sedwin# or 320214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 321214722Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 322214722Sedwin# </a> 323214722Sedwin 324226298Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 325240461Sedwin# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 326226298Sedwin# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 327226298Sedwin# 328226298Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 329226298Sedwin# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 330226298Sedwin# </a> 331226298Sedwin# which says 332240461Sedwin# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 333240461Sedwin# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 334226298Sedwin# 2am on February 26 next year. 335226298Sedwin 336233446Sedwin# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 337233446Sedwin# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 338233446Sedwin# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 339233446Sedwin# 340233446Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 341233446Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 342233446Sedwin# </a> 343233446Sedwin# states: 344233446Sedwin# 345233446Sedwin# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 346233446Sedwin# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 347233446Sedwin# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 348233446Sedwin# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 349233446Sedwin 350240461Sedwin# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 351240461Sedwin# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 352240461Sedwin# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 353240461Sedwin# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 354240461Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 355257682Sedwin 356257682Sedwin# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 357263042Sedwin# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 358263042Sedwin# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 359257682Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 360263042Sedwin 361263042Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 362263042Sedwin# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 363263042Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 364263042Sedwin 365263042Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-01-10): 366257682Sedwin# For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth 367263042Sedwin# Monday in October, and springs back the penultimate Sunday in January. 368263042Sedwin# This is ad hoc, but matches recent practice. 369240461Sedwin 37043543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 37175267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 37275267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 373199336SedwinRule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 374204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 375257682SedwinRule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 376214722SedwinRule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 377263042SedwinRule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 378263042SedwinRule Fiji 2014 max - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 3792742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 380248310SedwinZone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 38143543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 3822742Swollman 3832742Swollman# French Polynesia 3842742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3852742SwollmanZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 38619878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 3872742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 38819878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 3892742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 39019878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 39143014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 39243014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 3932742Swollman 3942742Swollman# Guam 3952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 39675267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 39775267Swollman 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 39875267Swollman 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 39975267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 4002742Swollman 4012742Swollman# Kiribati 4022742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4032742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 40419878Swollman 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 4052742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 40619878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 40719878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 40819878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 4092742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 41019878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 41119878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 41219878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 4132742Swollman 41414343Swollman# N Mariana Is 41514343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 41675267SwollmanZone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 41775267Swollman 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 41819878Swollman 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 41975267Swollman 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 42075267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 42114343Swollman 42214343Swollman# Marshall Is 42314343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 42414343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 42519878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 42619878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 42714343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 42819878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 42919878Swollman -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 43019878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 43114343Swollman 43214343Swollman# Micronesia 43314343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 434210718SedwinZone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 435210718Sedwin 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 436210718SedwinZone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 437210718Sedwin 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 43814343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 43958787Sru 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 44058787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 44158787Sru 11:00 - KOST 44214343Swollman 4432742Swollman# Nauru 4442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4452742SwollmanZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 44619878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 4472742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 44819878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 44919878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 4502742Swollman 4512742Swollman# New Caledonia 4522742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 45319878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 45419878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 45543014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 456158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 45743014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 4582742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4592742SwollmanZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 4602742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 4612742Swollman 4622742Swollman 4632742Swollman############################################################################### 4642742Swollman 4652742Swollman# New Zealand 4662742Swollman 4672742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 468121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 469121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 470121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 471121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 472121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 473121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 474121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 475121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 476121098Swollman# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 477114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 478121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 479114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 480121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 4819908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 482121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 483114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 484121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 485114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 486121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 487169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 488169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 489169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 490169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 491169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 492169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 493169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 494169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 4952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 496114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 497121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 4982742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 499121098SwollmanZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 500121098Swollman 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 5012742Swollman 502257682SedwinLink Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 5038029Swollman 50430711Swollman# Auckland Is 50558787Sru# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 50658787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 5072742Swollman 50830711Swollman# Campbell I 50958787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 51058787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 51158787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 51230711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 51330711Swollman 5142742Swollman############################################################################### 5152742Swollman 5162742Swollman 5172742Swollman# Niue 5182742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5192742SwollmanZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 52019878Swollman -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 52119878Swollman -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 52219878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 5232742Swollman 5242742Swollman# Norfolk 5252742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5262742SwollmanZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 52719878Swollman 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 52819878Swollman 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 5292742Swollman 53058787Sru# Palau (Belau) 5319908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5329908SwollmanZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 53319878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 5349908Swollman 5352742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 5362742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5372742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 53886222Swollman 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 53919878Swollman 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 5402742Swollman 5412742Swollman# Pitcairn 5422742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5432742SwollmanZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 54458787Sru -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 54558787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 5462742Swollman 54714343Swollman# American Samoa 54814343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 54914343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 55019878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 55114343Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 55214343Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 55314343Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 55414343Swollman 555149514Swollman# Samoa 556196582Sedwin 557204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 558204887Sedwin# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 559204887Sedwin# the following info: 560197000Sedwin# 561204887Sedwin# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 562204887Sedwin# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 563204887Sedwin# Sunday of April 2011." 564204887Sedwin# 565204887Sedwin# Background info: 566197000Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 567197000Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 568197000Sedwin# </a> 569198270Sedwin# 570204887Sedwin# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 571204887Sedwin# contain any dates: 572204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 573204887Sedwin# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 574204887Sedwin# </a> 575198270Sedwin 576226298Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 577214722Sedwin# Please see 578214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 579214722Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 580214722Sedwin# </a>, 581214722Sedwin# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 582214722Sedwin# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 583214722Sedwin# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 584214722Sedwin# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 585214722Sedwin 586226298Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 587219687Sedwin# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 588219687Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 589219687Sedwin# www.mcil.gov.ws 590219687Sedwin# </a> 591219687Sedwin# 592219687Sedwin# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 593219687Sedwin# 594219687Sedwin# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 595219687Sedwin# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 596219687Sedwin# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 597219687Sedwin# 598219687Sedwin# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 599219687Sedwin# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 600219687Sedwin# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 601219687Sedwin# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 602219687Sedwin# 603219687Sedwin# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 604219687Sedwin# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 605219687Sedwin 606226298Sedwin# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 607226298Sedwin# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 608240461Sedwin# 609226298Sedwin# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 610226298Sedwin# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 611226298Sedwin# </a> 612226298Sedwin 613226298Sedwin# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 614226298Sedwin# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 615226298Sedwin# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 616226298Sedwin# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 617226298Sedwin# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 618226298Sedwin# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 619226298Sedwin# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 620226298Sedwin# 621226298Sedwin# International Date Line Bill 2011 622226298Sedwin# 623226298Sedwin# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 624226298Sedwin# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 625226298Sedwin# Line, and for related purposes. 626226298Sedwin# 627226298Sedwin# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 628226298Sedwin# assembled as follows: 629226298Sedwin# 630226298Sedwin# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 631226298Sedwin# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 632226298Sedwin# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 633226298Sedwin# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 634226298Sedwin# 635226298Sedwin# [snip] 636226298Sedwin# 637226298Sedwin# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 638226298Sedwin# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 639226298Sedwin# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 640226298Sedwin# 641226298Sedwin# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 642226298Sedwin# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 643226298Sedwin# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 644226298Sedwin# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 645226298Sedwin# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 646226298Sedwin# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 647226298Sedwin# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 648226298Sedwin# it defines Samoa standard time.... 649226298Sedwin 650226298Sedwin# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 651226298Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 652226298Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 653226298Sedwin# </a> 654226298Sedwin# 655226298Sedwin# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 656226298Sedwin# 657226298Sedwin# DST 658226298Sedwin# Year End Time Start Time 659226298Sedwin# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 660226298Sedwin# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 661226298Sedwin# 662226298Sedwin# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 663226298Sedwin# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 664226298Sedwin# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 665233447Sedwin# 666233447Sedwin# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 667233447Sedwin# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 668233447Sedwin# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 669233447Sedwin# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 670241873Sedwin# 671241873Sedwin# From Nicky (2012-09-10): 672241873Sedwin# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 673241873Sedwin# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. 674241873Sedwin# 675241873Sedwin# Please find link below for more information. 676241873Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 677241873Sedwin# 678241873Sedwin# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well 679241873Sedwin# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the 680241873Sedwin# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. 681241873Sedwin 682241873Sedwin# Western Samoa 683241873Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 684241873SedwinRule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 685241873SedwinRule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 686241873Sedwin# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 68714343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 68814343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 68919878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 690205475Sedwin -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 691219687Sedwin -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 692226298Sedwin -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 693226298Sedwin -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 694241873Sedwin 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 695241873Sedwin 13:00 WS WS%sT 69614343Swollman 6972742Swollman# Solomon Is 6982742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 6992742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7002742SwollmanZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 70119878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 7022742Swollman 7032742Swollman# Tokelau Is 704233447Sedwin# 705233447Sedwin# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 706233447Sedwin# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 707240461Sedwin# December 31 this year ... 708233447Sedwin# 709240461Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 710240461Sedwin# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 711240461Sedwin# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 712240461Sedwin# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 713240461Sedwin# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 714233447Sedwin# 715240461Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 716240461Sedwin# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 717240461Sedwin# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 718240461Sedwin# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 719240461Sedwin# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 720240461Sedwin# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 721233447Sedwin 7222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7232742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 724240461Sedwin -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 725240461Sedwin 13:00 - TKT 7262742Swollman 7272742Swollman# Tonga 72858787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 72975267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 73075267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 731114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 732114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 7332742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7342742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 73558787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 73658787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 73758787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 7382742Swollman 7392742Swollman# Tuvalu 7402742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7412742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 74219878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 7432742Swollman 74443014Swollman 74543014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 74643014Swollman 74743014Swollman# Howland, Baker 748171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 749171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 750171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 751171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 752257682Sedwin# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 753171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 754171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 755171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 756171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 75743014Swollman 75843014Swollman# Jarvis 759171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 760171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 761171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 76243014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 76343014Swollman 76443014Swollman# Johnston 765257682Sedwin# 766257682Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-03): 767257682Sedwin# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 768257682Sedwin# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 769257682Sedwin# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 770257682Sedwin# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 771257682Sedwin# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 772257682Sedwin# We have no better information, so for now, assume this has been true 773257682Sedwin# indefinitely into the past. 774257682Sedwin# 775257682Sedwin# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 77643014Swollman 77743014Swollman# Kingman 77843014Swollman# uninhabited 77943014Swollman 78043014Swollman# Midway 781149514Swollman# 782149514Swollman# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 783149514Swollman# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 784149514Swollman# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 785149514Swollman# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 786149514Swollman# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 787149514Swollman# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 788149514Swollman# designations that I've never seen before:.... 789149514Swollman# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 790149514Swollman# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 791149514Swollman# 79243014SwollmanZone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 793121098Swollman -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 794121098Swollman -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 79543014Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 79643014Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 79743014Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 79843014Swollman 79943014Swollman# Palmyra 80043014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 80143014Swollman 80243014Swollman# Wake 80343014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 80443014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 80543014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 80643014Swollman 80743014Swollman 8082742Swollman# Vanuatu 8092742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 81019878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 81119878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 81219878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 81320094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 81420094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 81520094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 8162742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8172742SwollmanZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 81819878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 8192742Swollman 8202742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 8212742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8222742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 82319878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 8242742Swollman 8252742Swollman############################################################################### 8262742Swollman 8272742Swollman# NOTES 8282742Swollman 8292742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 8302742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 831243020Sedwin# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 8322742Swollman 833248310Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 8342742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 835158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 836158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 8372742Swollman# 83886222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 83920094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 84020094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 84120094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 84220094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 84320094Swollman# 844158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 845158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 84620094Swollman# 8472742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 8482742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 8492742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 8502742Swollman# 851248310Sedwin# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 852248310Sedwin# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 853248310Sedwin# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 854248310Sedwin# 8552742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 85658787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 8572742Swollman# 8582742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 8592742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 8602742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 8612742Swollman# std dst 8622742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 8632742Swollman# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 864169811Swollman# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 8652742Swollman# 9:00 JST Japan 8662742Swollman# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 8672742Swollman# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 86875267Swollman# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 8692742Swollman# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 870121098Swollman# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 871121098Swollman# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 87219878Swollman# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 8732742Swollman# -11:00 SST Samoa 87414343Swollman# -10:00 HST Hawaii 87558787Sru# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 8762742Swollman# 87714343Swollman# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 8789908Swollman# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 8792742Swollman 8802742Swollman############################################################################### 8812742Swollman 8822742Swollman# Australia 8832742Swollman 884153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 885153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 886153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 887153670Swollman# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 88858787Sru 889153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 890153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 891153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 892153670Swollman# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 893153670Swollman 89419878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 8952742Swollman# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 8962742Swollman# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 8972742Swollman# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 8982742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 8992742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 9002742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 9012742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 9022742Swollman# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 9032742Swollman# time'. 9042742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 9052742Swollman# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 9062742Swollman# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 9072742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 9082742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 9092742Swollman# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 9102742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 9112742Swollman 91286222Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 9132742Swollman# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 9142742Swollman# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 9152742Swollman# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 9162742Swollman# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 9172742Swollman 918163302Sru# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 919163302Sru# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 920163302Sru# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 921163302Sru# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 922163302Sru# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 923163302Sru 92486222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 92586222Swollman# versus "AEST" etc.: 92686222Swollman# 92786222Swollman# I see the following points of dispute: 92886222Swollman# 92986222Swollman# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 93086222Swollman# 93186222Swollman# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 93286222Swollman# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 93386222Swollman# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 93486222Swollman# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 93586222Swollman# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 93686222Swollman# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 93786222Swollman# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 93886222Swollman# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 93986222Swollman# 94086222Swollman# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 94186222Swollman# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 94286222Swollman# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 94386222Swollman# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 94486222Swollman# 94586222Swollman# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 94686222Swollman# 94786222Swollman# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 94886222Swollman# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 94986222Swollman# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 95086222Swollman# Time, for example. 95186222Swollman# 95286222Swollman# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 95386222Swollman# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 95486222Swollman# tiebreaker. 95586222Swollman# 95686222Swollman# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 95786222Swollman# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 95886222Swollman# the word "Australian"? 95986222Swollman# 96086222Swollman# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 96186222Swollman# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 96286222Swollman# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 96386222Swollman# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 96486222Swollman# following count of page hits: 96586222Swollman# 96686222Swollman# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 96786222Swollman# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 96886222Swollman# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 96986222Swollman# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 97086222Swollman# 97186222Swollman# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 97286222Swollman# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 97386222Swollman# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 97486222Swollman# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 97586222Swollman# 97686222Swollman# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 97786222Swollman# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 97886222Swollman# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 97986222Swollman# are the hit counts anyway: 98086222Swollman# 98186222Swollman# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 98286222Swollman# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 98386222Swollman# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 98486222Swollman# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 98586222Swollman# 98686222Swollman# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 98786222Swollman# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 98886222Swollman# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 98986222Swollman# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 99086222Swollman# 99186222Swollman# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 99286222Swollman# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 99386222Swollman# 99486222Swollman# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 99586222Swollman# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 99686222Swollman# the ambiguities involved. 99786222Swollman# 99886222Swollman# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 99986222Swollman# 100086222Swollman# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 100186222Swollman# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 100286222Swollman# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 100386222Swollman# understood in Australia. 100486222Swollman 100514343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1006158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1007149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 10089908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 10099908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 10109908Swollman# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 101114343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 10122742Swollman 1013149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 101475267Swollman# 101543014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 101643014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 101743014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 101875267Swollman# 101943014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 102043014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 102143014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 102243014Swollman# </a> 102343014Swollman# ACT 102458787Sru# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 102543014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 102643014Swollman# </a> 102743014Swollman# SA 102843014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 102943014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 103043014Swollman# </a> 103143014Swollman 1032149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1033149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1034149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1035149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1036149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1037149514Swollman# 1038149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1039149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1040149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 1041149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1042149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1043149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1044149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1045149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1046149514Swollman# allude to it. 1047149514Swollman# But not Queensland 1048149514Swollman# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 1049149514Swollman 10509908Swollman# Northern Territory 10519908Swollman 105219878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10532742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 10542742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10552742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 10562742Swollman# ... 10579908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 10582742Swollman 105919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10602742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10612742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 10622742Swollman 10639908Swollman# Western Australia 10642742Swollman 106519878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10662742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 10672742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10682742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 10692742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 10702742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 10712742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 10722742Swollman# ... 10732742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 10742742Swollman# ... 10752742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10762742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10772742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10782742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 10792742Swollman 108019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10812742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10822742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 10832742Swollman 108419878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 10852742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 10862742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 10872742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 10882742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 10892742Swollman# everybody again. 10902742Swollman 109119878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 10922742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 10932742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 10942742Swollman 109558787Sru# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 109658787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 109758787Sru# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 109858787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 109958787Sru 11009908Swollman# Queensland 110119878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11022742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 11032742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 11042742Swollman# ... 11052742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 11062742Swollman# ... 11072742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11082742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 11092742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11102742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 11112742Swollman 111219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 11132742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 11142742Swollman# October 1989). 11152742Swollman 111619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11172742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11182742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 11192742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 11202742Swollman 112119878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 11222742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 11232742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 11242742Swollman# me.) 11252742Swollman 112619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 11272742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 11282742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 11292742Swollman# ... 11302742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11312742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 11322742Swollman# ... 11332742Swollman 113419878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 11352742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 11362742Swollman 1137169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1138169811Swollman# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1139169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1140169811Swollman# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1141169811Swollman 1142105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1143114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1144169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1145114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1146114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1147114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1148114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1149169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 1150105196Swollman# 1151105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1152105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1153105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1154169811Swollman# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1155105196Swollman# 1156169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1157169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1158169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1159169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 1160105196Swollman# 1161169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1162169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1163169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1164169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1165169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1166169811Swollman# 1167169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1168169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1169169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1170169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1171169811Swollman# 1172169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 1173169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1174169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1175169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1176169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1177105196Swollman 1178169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1179169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1180169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1181169811Swollman 1182169811Swollman 1183171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 11842742Swollman# 1185171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1186171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1187171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1188171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 11892742Swollman 11902742Swollman 11919908Swollman# South Australia 11922742Swollman 119319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 11942742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 11952742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 11962742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 11972742Swollman 119819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11992742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 12002742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12012742Swollman# ... 12022742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 12032742Swollman# ... 12042742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 12052742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1206158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 12072742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 12082742Swollman 120919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 12102742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 12112742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 12122742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 12132742Swollman 121419878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 12152742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 12162742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 12172742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 12182742Swollman# is on... 12192742Swollman 122019878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 12212742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 12222742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 12232742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 12242742Swollman 122519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 12262742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 12272742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 12282742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 12292742Swollman 1230149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 12319908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 12329908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 12339908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 12342742Swollman 1235171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1236171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1237171948Sedwin 12389908Swollman# Tasmania 12399908Swollman 124058787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 124158787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12422742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 12432742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12442742Swollman 124519878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 12462742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 12472742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 12482742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 12492742Swollman 125058787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 125158787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 125258787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 125358787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 125458787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 125558787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 125658787Sru 125764499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 125864499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 125964499Swollman 1260171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1261171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1262171948Sedwin 12639908Swollman# Victoria 12642742Swollman 126558787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 126658787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12672742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 12682742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12692742Swollman 127086222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 127186222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 127286222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 127386222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 127486222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 127586222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 127686222Swollman# 127786222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 127886222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 127986222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 128086222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 128186222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 128286222Swollman# expected time. 128386222Swollman# 128486222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 128586222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 128686222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 128786222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 128886222Swollman# 128986222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 129086222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 129186222Swollman 1292171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1293171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1294171948Sedwin 12959908Swollman# New South Wales 12962742Swollman 12972742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 12982742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1299149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 13002742Swollman# who notes: 13012742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 13022742Swollman# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 13032742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 13042742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 13052742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 13062742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 13072742Swollman 1308149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 130958787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 131058787Sru# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 131158787Sru# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 131258787Sru# Two months more daylight saving 131358787Sru# </a> 131458787Sru# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 13152742Swollman 131658787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 131758787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 131858787Sru# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 131958787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 132058787Sru# </a> 132158787Sru# 132258787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 132358787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 132458787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 132558787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 132658787Sru# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 132758787Sru# 132858787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 132958787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 133058787Sru# Vic to extend daylight saving 133158787Sru# </a> (1999-07-28). 133258787Sru# 133358787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 133458787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 133558787Sru# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 133658787Sru# </a> (1999-07-19). 133758787Sru# 133858787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 133958787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 134058787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 134158787Sru# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 134258787Sru# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 134358787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 134458787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 134575267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 134658787Sru# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 134758787Sru# 134858787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 134958787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 135058787Sru# Broken Hill to be behind the times 135158787Sru# </a> (1999-07-21). 13522742Swollman 135343543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 135443543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 135558787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 135643543Swollman 135767578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 135875267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 135975267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 136067578Swollman 1361171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1362171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1363171948Sedwin 13649908Swollman# Yancowinna 13652742Swollman 136667578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 13672742Swollman# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 13682742Swollman 136919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 13702742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 13712742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 13722742Swollman# ... 137343014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 13742742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 13752742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 13762742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 13772742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 13782742Swollman# # presently available. 13792742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 13802742Swollman# ... 13812742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 13822742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 13832742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 13842742Swollman 13859908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 13862742Swollman 138719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1388153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 13892742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 13902742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 13912742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 13922742Swollman 139358787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 139458787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 139558787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 139658787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 139758787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 139858787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1399226298Sedwin# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 140058787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 140158787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 140258787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 140314343Swollman 140475267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 140575267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 140675267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 140775267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 140875267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 140975267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 141058787Sru 1411158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1412158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1413158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 141467578Swollman 1415171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1416171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1417171948Sedwin 1418192886Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1419240461Sedwin# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1420240461Sedwin# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1421192886Sedwin# summer (southern hemisphere). 1422240461Sedwin# 1423192886Sedwin# From 1424192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1425192886Sedwin# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1426192886Sedwin# </a> 1427240461Sedwin# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1428192886Sedwin# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1429240461Sedwin# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1430192886Sedwin# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1431240461Sedwin# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1432240461Sedwin# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1433192886Sedwin# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1434240461Sedwin# 1435192886Sedwin# We have a wrap-up here: 1436192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1437192886Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1438192886Sedwin# </a> 14392742Swollman############################################################################### 14402742Swollman 144158787Sru# New Zealand 14422742Swollman 144319878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 14442742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 14452742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 14462742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 14472742Swollman# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 14482742Swollman 144919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 14502742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 14512742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1452153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 14532742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 14542742Swollman# ... 14552742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 14562742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 14572742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 14582742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 14592742Swollman# ... 14602742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 14612742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 14622742Swollman 146319878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 14642742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 14652742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 14662742Swollman 146714343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1468158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1469149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 147014343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 147114343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 147214343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 147314343Swollman# 1474158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1475121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1476121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1477158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1478121098Swollman# 1479121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1480121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1481121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 148214343Swollman 1483169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1484169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1485169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1486169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1487169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1488169811Swollman 14892742Swollman############################################################################### 14902742Swollman 149158787Sru 14922742Swollman# Fiji 14932742Swollman 149458787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 149558787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 149658787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 14972742Swollman 149843543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 149943543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 150075267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 150143543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 150243543Swollman 150358787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 150458787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 150558787Sru 1506253010Sedwin# From the BBC World Service in 1507253010Sedwin# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 150843543Swollman# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1509253010Sedwin# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1510253010Sedwin# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1511253010Sedwin# of the new millennium. 151243543Swollman 151375267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 151475267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 151558787Sru 151614343Swollman# Johnston 151714343Swollman 151814343Swollman# Johnston data is from usno1995. 151914343Swollman 152058787Sru 152117200Swollman# Kiribati 152217200Swollman 152317200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 152417200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1525226298Sedwin# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 152617200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 152717200Swollman 152858787Sru 15292742Swollman# Kwajalein 15302742Swollman 15312742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 15322742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 153319878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 15342742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 15352742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 15362742Swollman 153758787Sru 153814343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 15392742Swollman 154058787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 15412742Swollman# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 15422742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 154375267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 154475267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 154514343Swollman 154675267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 154775267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 154875267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 154975267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 155058787Sru 155175267Swollman 155217200Swollman# Micronesia 155317200Swollman 1554149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 155517200Swollman# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 155617200Swollman# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 155717200Swollman# 1558158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1559158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 156017200Swollman 156158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 156258787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 156358787Sru# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 156458787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 156558787Sru# </a> (1999-01-26) 156658787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 156758787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 156858787Sru 156958787Sru 1570121098Swollman# Midway 1571121098Swollman 1572121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1573121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1574121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1575121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1576121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1577121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1578121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1579121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1580121098Swollman# 1581121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1582121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1583121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1584121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1585121098Swollman 1586121098Swollman 158758787Sru# Pitcairn 158858787Sru 158958787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 159058787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 159158787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 159258787Sru# 159358787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 159458787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 159558787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 159658787Sru# 159758787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 159858787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 159958787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 160058787Sru 160158787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 160258787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 160358787Sru# ... at midnight. 160458787Sru 160558787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 160658787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 160758787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 160858787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 160958787Sru 161058787Sru 161114343Swollman# Samoa 161214343Swollman 161358787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 161458787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 161514343Swollman# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 161614343Swollman# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 161714343Swollman# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 161817200Swollman 161958787Sru 162017200Swollman# Tonga 162117200Swollman 162217200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 162317200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 162417200Swollman# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 162517200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 162658787Sru 162758787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 162858787Sru# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 162958787Sru# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 163058787Sru# </a>: 163158787Sru 163258787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 163358787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 163458787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 163558787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 163658787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 163758787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 163858787Sru# 163958787Sru# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 164058787Sru# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 164158787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 164258787Sru# 164358787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 164458787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 164558787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 164658787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 164758787Sru# 164858787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 164958787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 165058787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 165158787Sru 1652158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1653158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 165458787Sru 165558787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1656253010Sedwin# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 165758787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 165858787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 165958787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 166058787Sru# Government. 166158787Sru 1662149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 166358787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 166475267Swollman# 1665149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 1666181421Sedwin# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 166758787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 166858787Sru# </a> 166975267Swollman# 167058787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 167158787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 167258787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 167358787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 167458787Sru 1675149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1676181421Sedwin# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 167758787Sru# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 167858787Sru# </a>: 167975267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 168075267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 168175267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 168275267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 168358787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 168458787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 168558787Sru 168658787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 168758787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 168858787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 168958787Sru 169075267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 169175267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 169275267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 169375267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 169475267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 169575267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 169675267Swollman# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 169758787Sru 169875267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 169975267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 170075267Swollman 170193799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 170293799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 170393799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 170493799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 170593799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 170686222Swollman 1707114173Swollman# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1708114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 170986222Swollman 1710121098Swollman 1711121098Swollman# Wake 1712121098Swollman 1713121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1714121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1715121098Swollman# 1716121098Swollman# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1717121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1718121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1719121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1720121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1721121098Swollman# impossible. 1722121098Swollman# 1723121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1724121098Swollman 1725121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1726121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1727121098Swollman 172858787Sru############################################################################### 172958787Sru 173058787Sru# The International Date Line 173158787Sru 173258787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 173375267Swollman# 173458787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 173558787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 173658787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 173758787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 173858787Sru# 173958787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 174058787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 174158787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 174258787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 174358787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 174458787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1745153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 174658787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 174758787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 174858787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 174958787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1750149514Swollman 1751153670Swollman# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1752153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1753153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1754153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1755153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1756153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1757153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1758153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1759153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1760153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1761153670Swollman# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1762153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1763153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1764153670Swollman 1765149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1766149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1767149514Swollman# 1768149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1769149514Swollman# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1770149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1771149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1772