australasia revision 219687
1153761Swollman# <pre> 2219687Sedwin# @(#)australasia 8.23 3192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5153761Swollman 62742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 786464Swollman 82742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 92742Swollman 102742Swollman############################################################################### 112742Swollman 122742Swollman# Australia 132742Swollman 1486222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1586222Swollman 162742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1758787SruRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 182742SwollmanRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 192742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 202742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 212742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 222742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 232742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 2458787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2558787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2658787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 272742Swollman 282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 299908Swollman# Northern Territory 302742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 3130711Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 322742Swollman 9:30 Aus CST 339908Swollman# Western Australia 34169811Swollman# 35169811Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36169811SwollmanRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37169811SwollmanRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38169811SwollmanRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 39169811SwollmanRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40169811SwollmanRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 41169811SwollmanRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 42169811SwollmanRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 43169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 44169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 452742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 4658787Sru 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 47169811Swollman 8:00 AW WST 48169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49169811Swollman 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 50169811Swollman 8:45 AW CWST 51169811Swollman 529908Swollman# Queensland 5320094Swollman# 54149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5520094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5620094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5720094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5820094Swollman# 5920094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 6020094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 6120094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6220094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6320094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6420094Swollman# 6520094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6658787SruRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6758787SruRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 6821217SwollmanRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6921217SwollmanRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7058787SruRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7158787SruRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 722742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 7358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7421217Swollman 10:00 AQ EST 7520094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 7658787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7758787Sru 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 7820094Swollman 10:00 Holiday EST 792742Swollman 809908Swollman# South Australia 812742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 8214343SwollmanRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8314343SwollmanRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 84171948SedwinRule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8514343SwollmanRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 8614343SwollmanRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 87218122SedwinRule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 88218122SedwinRule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 89218122SedwinRule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 90218122SedwinRule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 91218122SedwinRule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 92149514SwollmanRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 93218122SedwinRule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 94171948SedwinRule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 95171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 96171948SedwinRule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 972742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 982742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 992742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 10058787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 1012742Swollman 9:30 AS CST 1022742Swollman 1039908Swollman# Tasmania 104149514Swollman# 105149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 106149514Swollman# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 107149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 108149514Swollman# 1092742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11058787SruRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 11158787SruRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11214343SwollmanRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11314343SwollmanRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 11458787SruRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11514343SwollmanRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11614343SwollmanRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11714343SwollmanRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11858787SruRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 11914343SwollmanRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 12058787SruRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 12158787SruRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12258787SruRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 123149514SwollmanRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 12458787SruRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12558787SruRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 126149514SwollmanRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 127171948SedwinRule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 128171948SedwinRule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1302742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 13158787Sru 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 13258787Sru 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 13358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1967 1342742Swollman 10:00 AT EST 135149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 136149514Swollman 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 137149514Swollman 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 138149514Swollman 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 139149514Swollman 10:00 AT EST 1402742Swollman 1419908Swollman# Victoria 1422742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 14314343SwollmanRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14458787SruRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 14514343SwollmanRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 14614343SwollmanRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 14758787SruRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 14858787SruRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14914343SwollmanRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 150149514SwollmanRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 15158787SruRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152171948SedwinRule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 153149514SwollmanRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 154171948SedwinRule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 155171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 156171948SedwinRule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1572742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1582742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 15958787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1602742Swollman 10:00 AV EST 1612742Swollman 1629908Swollman# New South Wales 1632742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16414343SwollmanRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 16514343SwollmanRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 16614343SwollmanRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16714343SwollmanRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16814343SwollmanRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16914343SwollmanRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 17014343SwollmanRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 17143543SwollmanRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 17214343SwollmanRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 173149514SwollmanRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 17458787SruRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175171948SedwinRule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 176149514SwollmanRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 177171948SedwinRule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 178171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 179171948SedwinRule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 1802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1812742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 18258787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1832742Swollman 10:00 AN EST 1842742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 1852742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 1862742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 18758787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 18858787Sru 9:30 AN CST 2000 18958787Sru 9:30 AS CST 1908029Swollman 19114343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 19214343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 19375267SwollmanRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 19475267SwollmanRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 19575267SwollmanRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19675267SwollmanRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 19775267SwollmanRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 19875267SwollmanRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19975267SwollmanRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 200149514SwollmanRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 20175267SwollmanRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202171948SedwinRule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 203149514SwollmanRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 204171948SedwinRule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 205171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 206171948SedwinRule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 2072742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 2082742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 20914343Swollman 10:30 LH LHST 2108029Swollman 21114343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2122742Swollman# 2132742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 21414343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 215169811Swollman# no times are set 2162742Swollman# 21714343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 21814343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 219169811Swollman# no times are set 22014343Swollman# 22130711Swollman# Macquarie 22230711Swollman# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 22358787Sru# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 224169811Swollman# like Australia/Hobart 2252742Swollman 22643014Swollman# Christmas 22743014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 22843014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 22943014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 2302742Swollman 2312742Swollman# Cook Is 232158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2332742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23419878SwollmanRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 23543014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 23643014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 2372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2382742SwollmanZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 23919878Swollman -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 24019878Swollman -10:00 Cook CK%sT 2412742Swollman 2422742Swollman# Cocos 243149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 244149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2452742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 246149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 247149514Swollman 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2482742Swollman 2492742Swollman# Fiji 250199336Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 251199336Sedwin# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 252199336Sedwin# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 253199336Sedwin# 254199336Sedwin# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 255199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 256199336Sedwin# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 257199336Sedwin# </a> 258199336Sedwin# or 259199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 260199336Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 261199336Sedwin# </a> 262199336Sedwin 263199336Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 264199336Sedwin# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 265199336Sedwin# amendments: 266199336Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 267199336Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 268199336Sedwin# </a> 269204887Sedwin 270204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 271204887Sedwin# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 272204887Sedwin# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 273204887Sedwin# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 274204887Sedwin# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 275204887Sedwin# 276204887Sedwin# Official source: 277204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 278204887Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 279204887Sedwin# </a> 280204887Sedwin# 281204887Sedwin# A bit more background info here: 282204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 283204887Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 284204887Sedwin# </a> 285204887Sedwin 286214722Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 287214722Sedwin# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 288214722Sedwin# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 289214722Sedwin# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 290214722Sedwin# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 291214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 292214722Sedwin# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 293214722Sedwin# </a> 294214722Sedwin# or 295214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 296214722Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 297214722Sedwin# </a> 298214722Sedwin 29943543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 30075267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 30175267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 302199336SedwinRule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 303204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 304204887SedwinRule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S 305214722SedwinRule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 3062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3072742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 30843543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 3092742Swollman 3102742Swollman# French Polynesia 3112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3122742SwollmanZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 31319878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 3142742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 31519878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 3162742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 31719878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 31843014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 31943014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 3202742Swollman 3212742Swollman# Guam 3222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 32375267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 32475267Swollman 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 32575267Swollman 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 32675267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 3272742Swollman 3282742Swollman# Kiribati 3292742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3302742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 33119878Swollman 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 3322742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 33319878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 33419878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 33519878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 3362742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 33719878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 33819878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 33919878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 3402742Swollman 34114343Swollman# N Mariana Is 34214343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 34375267SwollmanZone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 34475267Swollman 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 34519878Swollman 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 34675267Swollman 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 34775267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 34814343Swollman 34914343Swollman# Marshall Is 35014343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 35114343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 35219878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 35319878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 35414343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 35519878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 35619878Swollman -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 35719878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 35814343Swollman 35914343Swollman# Micronesia 36014343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 361210718SedwinZone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 362210718Sedwin 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 363210718SedwinZone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 364210718Sedwin 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 36514343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 36658787Sru 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 36758787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 36858787Sru 11:00 - KOST 36914343Swollman 3702742Swollman# Nauru 3712742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3722742SwollmanZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 37319878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 3742742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 37519878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 37619878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 3772742Swollman 3782742Swollman# New Caledonia 3792742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 38019878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 38119878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 38243014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 383158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 38443014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 3852742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3862742SwollmanZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 3872742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 3882742Swollman 3892742Swollman 3902742Swollman############################################################################### 3912742Swollman 3922742Swollman# New Zealand 3932742Swollman 3942742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 395121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 396121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 397121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 398121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 399121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 400121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 401121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 402121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 403121098Swollman# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 404114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 405121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 406114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 407121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 4089908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 409121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 410114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 411121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 412114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 413121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 414169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 415169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 416169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 417169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 418169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 419169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 420169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 421169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 4222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 423114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 424121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 4252742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 426121098SwollmanZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 427121098Swollman 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 4282742Swollman 4298029Swollman 43030711Swollman# Auckland Is 43158787Sru# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 43258787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 4332742Swollman 43430711Swollman# Campbell I 43558787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 43658787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 43758787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 43830711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 43930711Swollman 4402742Swollman############################################################################### 4412742Swollman 4422742Swollman 4432742Swollman# Niue 4442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4452742SwollmanZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 44619878Swollman -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 44719878Swollman -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 44819878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 4492742Swollman 4502742Swollman# Norfolk 4512742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4522742SwollmanZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 45319878Swollman 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 45419878Swollman 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 4552742Swollman 45658787Sru# Palau (Belau) 4579908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4589908SwollmanZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 45919878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 4609908Swollman 4612742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 4622742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4632742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 46486222Swollman 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 46519878Swollman 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 4662742Swollman 4672742Swollman# Pitcairn 4682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4692742SwollmanZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 47058787Sru -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 47158787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 4722742Swollman 47314343Swollman# American Samoa 47414343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 47514343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 47619878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 47714343Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 47814343Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 47914343Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 48014343Swollman 481149514Swollman# Samoa 482196582Sedwin 483204887Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 484204887Sedwin# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 485204887Sedwin# the following info: 486197000Sedwin# 487204887Sedwin# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 488204887Sedwin# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 489204887Sedwin# Sunday of April 2011." 490204887Sedwin# 491204887Sedwin# Background info: 492197000Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 493197000Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 494197000Sedwin# </a> 495198270Sedwin# 496204887Sedwin# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 497204887Sedwin# contain any dates: 498204887Sedwin# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 499204887Sedwin# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 500204887Sedwin# </a> 501198270Sedwin 502214722Sedwin# From Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 503214722Sedwin# Please see 504214722Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 505214722Sedwin# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 506214722Sedwin# </a>, 507214722Sedwin# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 508214722Sedwin# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 509214722Sedwin# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 510214722Sedwin# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 511214722Sedwin 512219687Sedwin# From Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07) 513219687Sedwin# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 514219687Sedwin# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 515219687Sedwin# www.mcil.gov.ws 516219687Sedwin# </a> 517219687Sedwin# 518219687Sedwin# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 519219687Sedwin# 520219687Sedwin# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 521219687Sedwin# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 522219687Sedwin# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 523219687Sedwin# 524219687Sedwin# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 525219687Sedwin# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 526219687Sedwin# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 527219687Sedwin# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 528219687Sedwin# 529219687Sedwin# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 530219687Sedwin# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 531219687Sedwin 53214343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 53314343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 53419878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 535205475Sedwin -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 536219687Sedwin -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 537197000Sedwin -11:00 - WST 53814343Swollman 5392742Swollman# Solomon Is 5402742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 5412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5422742SwollmanZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 54319878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 5442742Swollman 5452742Swollman# Tokelau Is 5462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5472742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 54819878Swollman -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 5492742Swollman 5502742Swollman# Tonga 55158787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 55275267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 55375267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 554114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 555114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 5562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5572742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 55858787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 55958787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 56058787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 5612742Swollman 5622742Swollman# Tuvalu 5632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5642742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 56519878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 5662742Swollman 56743014Swollman 56843014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 56943014Swollman 57043014Swollman# Howland, Baker 571171948Sedwin# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 572171948Sedwin# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 573171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 574171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 575171948Sedwin# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 576171948Sedwin# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 577171948Sedwin# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 578171948Sedwin# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 579171948Sedwin# until they were abandoned after the war. 58043014Swollman 58143014Swollman# Jarvis 582171948Sedwin# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 583171948Sedwin# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 584171948Sedwin# uninhabited thereafter. 58543014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 58643014Swollman 58743014Swollman# Johnston 58843014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 58943014SwollmanZone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 59043014Swollman 59143014Swollman# Kingman 59243014Swollman# uninhabited 59343014Swollman 59443014Swollman# Midway 595149514Swollman# 596149514Swollman# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 597149514Swollman# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 598149514Swollman# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 599149514Swollman# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 600149514Swollman# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 601149514Swollman# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 602149514Swollman# designations that I've never seen before:.... 603149514Swollman# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 604149514Swollman# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 605149514Swollman# 60643014SwollmanZone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 607121098Swollman -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 608121098Swollman -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 60943014Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 61043014Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 61143014Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 61243014Swollman 61343014Swollman# Palmyra 61443014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 61543014Swollman 61643014Swollman# Wake 61743014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 61843014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 61943014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 62043014Swollman 62143014Swollman 6222742Swollman# Vanuatu 6232742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 62419878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 62519878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 62619878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 62720094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 62820094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 62920094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 6302742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6312742SwollmanZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 63219878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 6332742Swollman 6342742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 6352742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6362742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 63719878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 6382742Swollman 6392742Swollman############################################################################### 6402742Swollman 6412742Swollman# NOTES 6422742Swollman 6432742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6442742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6452742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6462742Swollman 647158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 6482742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 649158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 650158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 6512742Swollman# 65286222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 65320094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 65420094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 65520094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 65620094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 65720094Swollman# 658158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 659158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 66020094Swollman# 6612742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 6622742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 6632742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 6642742Swollman# 6652742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 66658787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 6672742Swollman# 6682742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 6692742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 6702742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 6712742Swollman# std dst 6722742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 6732742Swollman# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 674169811Swollman# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 6752742Swollman# 9:00 JST Japan 6762742Swollman# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 6772742Swollman# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 67875267Swollman# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 6792742Swollman# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 680121098Swollman# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 681121098Swollman# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 68219878Swollman# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 6832742Swollman# -11:00 SST Samoa 68414343Swollman# -10:00 HST Hawaii 68558787Sru# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 6862742Swollman# 68714343Swollman# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 6889908Swollman# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 6892742Swollman 6902742Swollman############################################################################### 6912742Swollman 6922742Swollman# Australia 6932742Swollman 694153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 695153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 696153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 697153670Swollman# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 69858787Sru 699153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 700153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 701153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 702153670Swollman# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 703153670Swollman 70419878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 7052742Swollman# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 7062742Swollman# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 7072742Swollman# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 7082742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 7092742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 7102742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 7112742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 7122742Swollman# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 7132742Swollman# time'. 7142742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 7152742Swollman# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 7162742Swollman# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 7172742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 7182742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 7192742Swollman# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 7202742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 7212742Swollman 72286222Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7232742Swollman# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 7242742Swollman# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 7252742Swollman# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 7262742Swollman# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 7272742Swollman 728163302Sru# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 729163302Sru# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 730163302Sru# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 731163302Sru# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 732163302Sru# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 733163302Sru 73486222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 73586222Swollman# versus "AEST" etc.: 73686222Swollman# 73786222Swollman# I see the following points of dispute: 73886222Swollman# 73986222Swollman# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 74086222Swollman# 74186222Swollman# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 74286222Swollman# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 74386222Swollman# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 74486222Swollman# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 74586222Swollman# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 74686222Swollman# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 74786222Swollman# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 74886222Swollman# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 74986222Swollman# 75086222Swollman# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 75186222Swollman# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 75286222Swollman# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 75386222Swollman# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 75486222Swollman# 75586222Swollman# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 75686222Swollman# 75786222Swollman# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 75886222Swollman# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 75986222Swollman# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 76086222Swollman# Time, for example. 76186222Swollman# 76286222Swollman# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 76386222Swollman# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 76486222Swollman# tiebreaker. 76586222Swollman# 76686222Swollman# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 76786222Swollman# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 76886222Swollman# the word "Australian"? 76986222Swollman# 77086222Swollman# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 77186222Swollman# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 77286222Swollman# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 77386222Swollman# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 77486222Swollman# following count of page hits: 77586222Swollman# 77686222Swollman# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 77786222Swollman# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 77886222Swollman# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 77986222Swollman# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 78086222Swollman# 78186222Swollman# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 78286222Swollman# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 78386222Swollman# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 78486222Swollman# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 78586222Swollman# 78686222Swollman# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 78786222Swollman# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 78886222Swollman# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 78986222Swollman# are the hit counts anyway: 79086222Swollman# 79186222Swollman# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 79286222Swollman# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 79386222Swollman# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 79486222Swollman# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 79586222Swollman# 79686222Swollman# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 79786222Swollman# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 79886222Swollman# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 79986222Swollman# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 80086222Swollman# 80186222Swollman# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 80286222Swollman# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 80386222Swollman# 80486222Swollman# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 80586222Swollman# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 80686222Swollman# the ambiguities involved. 80786222Swollman# 80886222Swollman# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 80986222Swollman# 81086222Swollman# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 81186222Swollman# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 81286222Swollman# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 81386222Swollman# understood in Australia. 81486222Swollman 81514343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 816158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 817149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 8189908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 8199908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 8209908Swollman# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 82114343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 8222742Swollman 823149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 82475267Swollman# 82543014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 82643014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 82743014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 82875267Swollman# 82943014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 83043014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 83143014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 83243014Swollman# </a> 83343014Swollman# ACT 83458787Sru# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 83543014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 83643014Swollman# </a> 83743014Swollman# SA 83843014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 83943014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 84043014Swollman# </a> 84143014Swollman 842149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 843149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 844149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 845149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 846149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 847149514Swollman# 848149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 849149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 850149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 851149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 852149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 853149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 854149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 855149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 856149514Swollman# allude to it. 857149514Swollman# But not Queensland 858149514Swollman# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 859149514Swollman 8609908Swollman# Northern Territory 8619908Swollman 86219878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8632742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 8642742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8652742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 8662742Swollman# ... 8679908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 8682742Swollman 86919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 8702742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 8712742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 8722742Swollman 8739908Swollman# Western Australia 8742742Swollman 87519878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8762742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 8772742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8782742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 8792742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 8802742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 8812742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 8822742Swollman# ... 8832742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 8842742Swollman# ... 8852742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8862742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 8872742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8882742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 8892742Swollman 89019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 8912742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 8922742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 8932742Swollman 89419878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 8952742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 8962742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 8972742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 8982742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 8992742Swollman# everybody again. 9002742Swollman 90119878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 9022742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 9032742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 9042742Swollman 90558787Sru# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 90658787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 90758787Sru# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 90858787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 90958787Sru 9109908Swollman# Queensland 91119878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9122742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 9132742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 9142742Swollman# ... 9152742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 9162742Swollman# ... 9172742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9182742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 9192742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9202742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 9212742Swollman 92219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 9232742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 9242742Swollman# October 1989). 9252742Swollman 92619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 9272742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 9282742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 9292742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 9302742Swollman 93119878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 9322742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 9332742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 9342742Swollman# me.) 9352742Swollman 93619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 9372742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 9382742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 9392742Swollman# ... 9402742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9412742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 9422742Swollman# ... 9432742Swollman 94419878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 9452742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 9462742Swollman 947169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 948169811Swollman# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 949169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 950169811Swollman# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 951169811Swollman 952105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 953114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 954169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 955114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 956114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 957114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 958114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 959169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 960105196Swollman# 961105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 962105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 963105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 964169811Swollman# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 965105196Swollman# 966169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 967169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 968169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 969169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 970105196Swollman# 971169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 972169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 973169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 974169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 975169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 976169811Swollman# 977169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 978169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 979169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 980169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 981169811Swollman# 982169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 983169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 984169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 985169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 986169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 987105196Swollman 988169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 989169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 990169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 991169811Swollman 992169811Swollman 993171948Sedwin# southeast Australia 9942742Swollman# 995171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 996171948Sedwin# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 997171948Sedwin# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 998171948Sedwin# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 9992742Swollman 10002742Swollman 10019908Swollman# South Australia 10022742Swollman 100319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 10042742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 10052742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 10062742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 10072742Swollman 100819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10092742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 10102742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10112742Swollman# ... 10122742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 10132742Swollman# ... 10142742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10152742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1016158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 10172742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 10182742Swollman 101919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 10202742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 10212742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 10222742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 10232742Swollman 102419878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 10252742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 10262742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 10272742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 10282742Swollman# is on... 10292742Swollman 103019878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 10312742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 10322742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 10332742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 10342742Swollman 103519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 10362742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 10372742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 10382742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 10392742Swollman 1040149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 10419908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 10429908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 10439908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 10442742Swollman 1045171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1046171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1047171948Sedwin 10489908Swollman# Tasmania 10499908Swollman 105058787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 105158787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10522742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 10532742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10542742Swollman 105519878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 10562742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 10572742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 10582742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 10592742Swollman 106058787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 106158787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 106258787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 106358787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 106458787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 106558787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 106658787Sru 106764499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 106864499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 106964499Swollman 1070171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1071171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1072171948Sedwin 10739908Swollman# Victoria 10742742Swollman 107558787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 107658787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10772742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 10782742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10792742Swollman 108086222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 108186222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 108286222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 108386222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 108486222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 108586222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 108686222Swollman# 108786222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 108886222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 108986222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 109086222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 109186222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 109286222Swollman# expected time. 109386222Swollman# 109486222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 109586222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 109686222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 109786222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 109886222Swollman# 109986222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 110086222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 110186222Swollman 1102171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1103171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1104171948Sedwin 11059908Swollman# New South Wales 11062742Swollman 11072742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 11082742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1109149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 11102742Swollman# who notes: 11112742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 11122742Swollman# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 11132742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 11142742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 11152742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 11162742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 11172742Swollman 1118149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 111958787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 112058787Sru# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 112158787Sru# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 112258787Sru# Two months more daylight saving 112358787Sru# </a> 112458787Sru# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 11252742Swollman 112658787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 112758787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 112858787Sru# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 112958787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 113058787Sru# </a> 113158787Sru# 113258787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 113358787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 113458787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 113558787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 113658787Sru# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 113758787Sru# 113858787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 113958787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 114058787Sru# Vic to extend daylight saving 114158787Sru# </a> (1999-07-28). 114258787Sru# 114358787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 114458787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 114558787Sru# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 114658787Sru# </a> (1999-07-19). 114758787Sru# 114858787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 114958787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 115058787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 115158787Sru# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 115258787Sru# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 115358787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 115458787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 115575267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 115658787Sru# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 115758787Sru# 115858787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 115958787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 116058787Sru# Broken Hill to be behind the times 116158787Sru# </a> (1999-07-21). 11622742Swollman 116343543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 116443543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 116558787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 116643543Swollman 116767578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 116875267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 116975267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 117067578Swollman 1171171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1172171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1173171948Sedwin 11749908Swollman# Yancowinna 11752742Swollman 117667578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 11772742Swollman# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 11782742Swollman 117919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11802742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 11812742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 11822742Swollman# ... 118343014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 11842742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 11852742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 11862742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 11872742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 11882742Swollman# # presently available. 11892742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 11902742Swollman# ... 11912742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11922742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 11932742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 11942742Swollman 11959908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 11962742Swollman 119719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1198153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 11992742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 12002742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 12012742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 12022742Swollman 120358787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 120458787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 120558787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 120658787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 120758787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 120858787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 120986464Swollman# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 121058787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 121158787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 121258787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 121314343Swollman 121475267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 121575267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 121675267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 121775267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 121875267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 121975267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 122058787Sru 1221158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1222158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1223158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 122467578Swollman 1225171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1226171948Sedwin# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1227171948Sedwin 1228192886Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1229192886Sedwin# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1230192886Sedwin# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1231192886Sedwin# summer (southern hemisphere). 1232192886Sedwin# 1233192886Sedwin# From 1234192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1235192886Sedwin# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1236192886Sedwin# </a> 1237192886Sedwin# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1238192886Sedwin# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1239192886Sedwin# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1240192886Sedwin# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1241192886Sedwin# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1242192886Sedwin# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1243192886Sedwin# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1244192886Sedwin# 1245192886Sedwin# We have a wrap-up here: 1246192886Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1247192886Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1248192886Sedwin# </a> 12492742Swollman############################################################################### 12502742Swollman 125158787Sru# New Zealand 12522742Swollman 125319878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 12542742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 12552742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 12562742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 12572742Swollman# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 12582742Swollman 125919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 12602742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 12612742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1262153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 12632742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 12642742Swollman# ... 12652742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 12662742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 12672742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 12682742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 12692742Swollman# ... 12702742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 12712742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 12722742Swollman 127319878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 12742742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 12752742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 12762742Swollman 127714343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1278158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1279149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 128014343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 128114343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 128214343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 128314343Swollman# 1284158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1285121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1286121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1287158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1288121098Swollman# 1289121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1290121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1291121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 129214343Swollman 1293169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1294169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1295169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1296169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1297169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1298169811Swollman 12992742Swollman############################################################################### 13002742Swollman 130158787Sru 13022742Swollman# Fiji 13032742Swollman 130458787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 130558787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 130658787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 13072742Swollman 130843543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 130943543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 131075267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 131143543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 131243543Swollman 131358787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 131458787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 131558787Sru 131643543Swollman# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 131743543Swollman# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 131843543Swollman# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 131943543Swollman# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 132043543Swollman# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 132143543Swollman# millenium. 132243543Swollman 132375267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 132475267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 132558787Sru 132614343Swollman# Johnston 132714343Swollman 132814343Swollman# Johnston data is from usno1995. 132914343Swollman 133058787Sru 133117200Swollman# Kiribati 133217200Swollman 133317200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 133417200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 133517200Swollman# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 133617200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 133717200Swollman 133858787Sru 13392742Swollman# Kwajalein 13402742Swollman 13412742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 13422742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 134319878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 13442742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 13452742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 13462742Swollman 134758787Sru 134814343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 13492742Swollman 135058787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 13512742Swollman# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 13522742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 135375267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 135475267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 135514343Swollman 135675267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 135775267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 135875267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 135975267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 136058787Sru 136175267Swollman 136217200Swollman# Micronesia 136317200Swollman 1364149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 136517200Swollman# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 136617200Swollman# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 136717200Swollman# 1368158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1369158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 137017200Swollman 137158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 137258787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 137358787Sru# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 137458787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 137558787Sru# </a> (1999-01-26) 137658787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 137758787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 137858787Sru 137958787Sru 1380121098Swollman# Midway 1381121098Swollman 1382121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1383121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1384121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1385121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1386121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1387121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1388121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1389121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1390121098Swollman# 1391121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1392121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1393121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1394121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1395121098Swollman 1396121098Swollman 139758787Sru# Pitcairn 139858787Sru 139958787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 140058787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 140158787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 140258787Sru# 140358787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 140458787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 140558787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 140658787Sru# 140758787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 140858787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 140958787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 141058787Sru 141158787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 141258787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 141358787Sru# ... at midnight. 141458787Sru 141558787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 141658787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 141758787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 141858787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 141958787Sru 142058787Sru 142114343Swollman# Samoa 142214343Swollman 142358787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 142458787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 142514343Swollman# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 142614343Swollman# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 142714343Swollman# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 142817200Swollman 142958787Sru 143017200Swollman# Tonga 143117200Swollman 143217200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 143317200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 143417200Swollman# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 143517200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 143658787Sru 143758787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 143858787Sru# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 143958787Sru# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 144058787Sru# </a>: 144158787Sru 144258787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 144358787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 144458787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 144558787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 144658787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 144758787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 144858787Sru# 144958787Sru# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 145058787Sru# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 145158787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 145258787Sru# 145358787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 145458787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 145558787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 145658787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 145758787Sru# 145858787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 145958787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 146058787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 146158787Sru 1462158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1463158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 146458787Sru 146558787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 146658787Sru# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 146758787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 146858787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 146958787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 147058787Sru# Government. 147158787Sru 1472149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 147358787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 147475267Swollman# 1475149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 1476181421Sedwin# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 147758787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 147858787Sru# </a> 147975267Swollman# 148058787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 148158787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 148258787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 148358787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 148458787Sru 1485149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1486181421Sedwin# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 148758787Sru# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 148858787Sru# </a>: 148975267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 149075267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 149175267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 149275267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 149358787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 149458787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 149558787Sru 149658787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 149758787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 149858787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 149958787Sru 150075267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 150175267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 150275267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 150375267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 150475267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 150575267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 150675267Swollman# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 150758787Sru 150875267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 150975267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 151075267Swollman 151193799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 151293799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 151393799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 151493799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 151593799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 151686222Swollman 1517114173Swollman# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1518114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 151986222Swollman 1520121098Swollman 1521121098Swollman# Wake 1522121098Swollman 1523121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1524121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1525121098Swollman# 1526121098Swollman# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1527121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1528121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1529121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1530121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1531121098Swollman# impossible. 1532121098Swollman# 1533121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1534121098Swollman 1535121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1536121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1537121098Swollman 153858787Sru############################################################################### 153958787Sru 154058787Sru# The International Date Line 154158787Sru 154258787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 154375267Swollman# 154458787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 154558787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 154658787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 154758787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 154858787Sru# 154958787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 155058787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 155158787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 155258787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 155358787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 155458787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1555153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 155658787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 155758787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 155858787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 155958787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1560149514Swollman 1561153670Swollman# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1562153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1563153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1564153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1565153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1566153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1567153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1568153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1569153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1570153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1571153670Swollman# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1572153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1573153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1574153670Swollman 1575149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1576149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1577149514Swollman# 1578149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1579149514Swollman# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1580149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1581149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1582