australasia revision 169811
1169811Swollman# @(#)australasia 8.7 2153761Swollman# <pre> 3153761Swollman 42742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 586464Swollman 62742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 72742Swollman 82742Swollman############################################################################### 92742Swollman 102742Swollman# Australia 112742Swollman 1286222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1386222Swollman 142742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1558787SruRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 162742SwollmanRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 172742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 182742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 192742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 202742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 212742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 2258787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2358787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2458787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 252742Swollman 262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279908Swollman# Northern Territory 282742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 2930711Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 302742Swollman 9:30 Aus CST 319908Swollman# Western Australia 32169811Swollman# 33169811Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34169811SwollmanRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 35169811SwollmanRule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 36169811SwollmanRule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37169811SwollmanRule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38169811SwollmanRule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 39169811SwollmanRule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40169811SwollmanRule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 41169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 42169811SwollmanRule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 432742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 4458787Sru 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 45169811Swollman 8:00 AW WST 46169811SwollmanZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47169811Swollman 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 48169811Swollman 8:45 AW CWST 49169811Swollman 509908Swollman# Queensland 5120094Swollman# 52149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 5320094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 5420094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 5520094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 5620094Swollman# 5720094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 5820094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 5920094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 6020094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 6120094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 6220094Swollman# 6320094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6458787SruRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6558787SruRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 6621217SwollmanRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6721217SwollmanRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 6858787SruRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 6958787SruRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 702742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 7158787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7221217Swollman 10:00 AQ EST 7320094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 7458787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 7558787Sru 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 7620094Swollman 10:00 Holiday EST 772742Swollman 789908Swollman# South Australia 792742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 8014343SwollmanRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8114343SwollmanRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 8214343SwollmanRule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 8314343SwollmanRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 8414343SwollmanRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 8514343SwollmanRule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 8664499SwollmanRule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 8764499SwollmanRule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 8864499SwollmanRule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 8964499SwollmanRule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 9064499SwollmanRule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 91149514SwollmanRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92149514SwollmanRule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 93149514SwollmanRule AS 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 942742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 952742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 962742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 9758787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 982742Swollman 9:30 AS CST 992742Swollman 1009908Swollman# Tasmania 101149514Swollman# 102149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 103149514Swollman# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 104149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 105149514Swollman# 1062742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 10758787SruRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 10858787SruRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 10914343SwollmanRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11014343SwollmanRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 11158787SruRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11214343SwollmanRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11314343SwollmanRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11414343SwollmanRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 11558787SruRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 11614343SwollmanRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 11758787SruRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 11858787SruRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11958787SruRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 120149514SwollmanRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 12158787SruRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12258787SruRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 123149514SwollmanRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 124149514SwollmanRule AT 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1252742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1262742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 12758787Sru 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 12858787Sru 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 12958787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1967 1302742Swollman 10:00 AT EST 131149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 132149514Swollman 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 133149514Swollman 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 134149514Swollman 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 135149514Swollman 10:00 AT EST 1362742Swollman 1379908Swollman# Victoria 1382742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 13914343SwollmanRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14058787SruRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 14114343SwollmanRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 14214343SwollmanRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 14358787SruRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 14458787SruRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14514343SwollmanRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 146149514SwollmanRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 14758787SruRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14843543SwollmanRule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 149149514SwollmanRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 150149514SwollmanRule AV 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1512742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1522742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 15358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1542742Swollman 10:00 AV EST 1552742Swollman 1569908Swollman# New South Wales 1572742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15814343SwollmanRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 15914343SwollmanRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 16014343SwollmanRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16114343SwollmanRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16214343SwollmanRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 16314343SwollmanRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 16414343SwollmanRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 16543543SwollmanRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 16614343SwollmanRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167149514SwollmanRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 16858787SruRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 16943543SwollmanRule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 170149514SwollmanRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 171149514SwollmanRule AN 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1722742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1732742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 17458787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1752742Swollman 10:00 AN EST 1762742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 1772742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 1782742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 17958787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 18058787Sru 9:30 AN CST 2000 18158787Sru 9:30 AS CST 1828029Swollman 18314343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 18414343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 18575267SwollmanRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 18675267SwollmanRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 18775267SwollmanRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 18875267SwollmanRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 18975267SwollmanRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 19075267SwollmanRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19175267SwollmanRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 192149514SwollmanRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 19375267SwollmanRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 19475267SwollmanRule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 195149514SwollmanRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 196149514SwollmanRule LH 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 1972742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 1982742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 19914343Swollman 10:30 LH LHST 2008029Swollman 20114343Swollman# Australian miscellany 2022742Swollman# 2032742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 20414343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 205169811Swollman# no times are set 2062742Swollman# 20714343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 20814343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 209169811Swollman# no times are set 21014343Swollman# 21130711Swollman# Macquarie 21230711Swollman# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 21358787Sru# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 214169811Swollman# like Australia/Hobart 2152742Swollman 21643014Swollman# Christmas 21743014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 21843014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 21943014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 2202742Swollman 2212742Swollman# Cook Is 222158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2232742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 22419878SwollmanRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 22543014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 22643014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 2272742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2282742SwollmanZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 22919878Swollman -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 23019878Swollman -10:00 Cook CK%sT 2312742Swollman 2322742Swollman# Cocos 233149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 234149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2352742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 236149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 237149514Swollman 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2382742Swollman 2392742Swollman# Fiji 24043543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 24175267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 24275267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 2432742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2442742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 24543543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 2462742Swollman 2472742Swollman# French Polynesia 2482742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2492742SwollmanZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 25019878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 2512742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 25219878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 2532742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 25419878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 25543014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 25643014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 2572742Swollman 2582742Swollman# Guam 2592742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26075267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 26175267Swollman 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 26275267Swollman 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 26375267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 2642742Swollman 2652742Swollman# Kiribati 2662742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2672742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 26819878Swollman 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 2692742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 27019878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 27119878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 27219878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 2732742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 27419878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 27519878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 27619878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 2772742Swollman 27814343Swollman# N Mariana Is 27914343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28075267SwollmanZone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 28175267Swollman 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 28219878Swollman 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 28375267Swollman 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 28475267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 28514343Swollman 28614343Swollman# Marshall Is 28714343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28814343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 28919878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 29019878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 29114343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 29219878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 29319878Swollman -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 29419878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 29514343Swollman 29614343Swollman# Micronesia 29714343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29814343SwollmanZone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 29919878Swollman 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 30014343SwollmanZone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 30119878Swollman 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 30214343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 30358787Sru 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 30458787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 30558787Sru 11:00 - KOST 30614343Swollman 3072742Swollman# Nauru 3082742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3092742SwollmanZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 31019878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 3112742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 31219878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 31319878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 3142742Swollman 3152742Swollman# New Caledonia 3162742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 31719878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 31819878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 31943014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 320158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 32143014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 3222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3232742SwollmanZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 3242742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 3252742Swollman 3262742Swollman 3272742Swollman############################################################################### 3282742Swollman 3292742Swollman# New Zealand 3302742Swollman 3312742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 332121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 333121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 334121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 335121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 336121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 337121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 338121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 339121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 340121098Swollman# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 341114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 342121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 343114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 344121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 3459908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 346121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 347114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 348121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 349114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 350121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 351169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 352169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 353169811SwollmanRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 354169811SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 355169811SwollmanRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 356169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 357169811SwollmanRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 358169811SwollmanRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 3592742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 360114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 361121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 3622742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 363121098SwollmanZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 364121098Swollman 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 3652742Swollman 3668029Swollman 36730711Swollman# Auckland Is 36858787Sru# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 36958787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 3702742Swollman 37130711Swollman# Campbell I 37258787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 37358787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 37458787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 37530711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 37630711Swollman 3772742Swollman############################################################################### 3782742Swollman 3792742Swollman 3802742Swollman# Niue 3812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3822742SwollmanZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 38319878Swollman -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 38419878Swollman -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 38519878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 3862742Swollman 3872742Swollman# Norfolk 3882742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3892742SwollmanZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 39019878Swollman 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 39119878Swollman 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 3922742Swollman 39358787Sru# Palau (Belau) 3949908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3959908SwollmanZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 39619878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 3979908Swollman 3982742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 3992742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4002742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 40186222Swollman 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 40219878Swollman 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 4032742Swollman 4042742Swollman# Pitcairn 4052742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4062742SwollmanZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 40758787Sru -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 40858787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 4092742Swollman 41014343Swollman# American Samoa 41114343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 41214343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 41319878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 41414343Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 41514343Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 41614343Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 41714343Swollman 418149514Swollman# Samoa 41914343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 42014343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 42119878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 422149514Swollman -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time 42314343Swollman 4242742Swollman# Solomon Is 4252742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 4262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4272742SwollmanZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 42819878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 4292742Swollman 4302742Swollman# Tokelau Is 4312742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4322742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 43319878Swollman -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 4342742Swollman 4352742Swollman# Tonga 43658787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 43775267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 43875267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 439114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 440114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 4412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4422742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 44358787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 44458787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 44558787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 4462742Swollman 4472742Swollman# Tuvalu 4482742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4492742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 45019878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 4512742Swollman 45243014Swollman 45343014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 45443014Swollman 45543014Swollman# Howland, Baker 45643014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II 45743014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 45843014Swollman 45943014Swollman# Jarvis 46043014Swollman# uninhabited since 1958 46143014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 46243014Swollman 46343014Swollman# Johnston 46443014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 46543014SwollmanZone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 46643014Swollman 46743014Swollman# Kingman 46843014Swollman# uninhabited 46943014Swollman 47043014Swollman# Midway 471149514Swollman# 472149514Swollman# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 473149514Swollman# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 474149514Swollman# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 475149514Swollman# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 476149514Swollman# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 477149514Swollman# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 478149514Swollman# designations that I've never seen before:.... 479149514Swollman# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 480149514Swollman# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 481149514Swollman# 48243014SwollmanZone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 483121098Swollman -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 484121098Swollman -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 48543014Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 48643014Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 48743014Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 48843014Swollman 48943014Swollman# Palmyra 49043014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 49143014Swollman 49243014Swollman# Wake 49343014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 49443014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 49543014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 49643014Swollman 49743014Swollman 4982742Swollman# Vanuatu 4992742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 50019878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 50119878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 50219878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 50320094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 50420094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 50520094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 5062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5072742SwollmanZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 50819878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 5092742Swollman 5102742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 5112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5122742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 51319878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 5142742Swollman 5152742Swollman############################################################################### 5162742Swollman 5172742Swollman# NOTES 5182742Swollman 5192742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5202742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5212742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 5222742Swollman 523158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 5242742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 525158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 526158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 5272742Swollman# 52886222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 52920094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 53020094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 53120094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 53220094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 53320094Swollman# 534158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 535158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 53620094Swollman# 5372742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 5382742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 5392742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 5402742Swollman# 5412742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 54258787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 5432742Swollman# 5442742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 5452742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 5462742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 5472742Swollman# std dst 5482742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 5492742Swollman# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 550169811Swollman# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 5512742Swollman# 9:00 JST Japan 5522742Swollman# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 5532742Swollman# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 55475267Swollman# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 5552742Swollman# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 556121098Swollman# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 557121098Swollman# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 55819878Swollman# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 5592742Swollman# -11:00 SST Samoa 56014343Swollman# -10:00 HST Hawaii 56158787Sru# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 5622742Swollman# 56314343Swollman# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 5649908Swollman# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 5652742Swollman 5662742Swollman############################################################################### 5672742Swollman 5682742Swollman# Australia 5692742Swollman 570153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 571153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 572153670Swollman# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 573153670Swollman# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 57458787Sru 575153670Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 576153670Swollman# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 577153670Swollman# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 578153670Swollman# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 579153670Swollman 58019878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 5812742Swollman# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 5822742Swollman# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 5832742Swollman# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 5842742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 5852742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 5862742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 5872742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 5882742Swollman# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 5892742Swollman# time'. 5902742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 5912742Swollman# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 5922742Swollman# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 5932742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 5942742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 5952742Swollman# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 5962742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 5972742Swollman 59886222Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 5992742Swollman# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 6002742Swollman# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 6012742Swollman# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 6022742Swollman# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 6032742Swollman 604163302Sru# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 605163302Sru# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 606163302Sru# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 607163302Sru# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 608163302Sru# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 609163302Sru 61086222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 61186222Swollman# versus "AEST" etc.: 61286222Swollman# 61386222Swollman# I see the following points of dispute: 61486222Swollman# 61586222Swollman# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 61686222Swollman# 61786222Swollman# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 61886222Swollman# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 61986222Swollman# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 62086222Swollman# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 62186222Swollman# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 62286222Swollman# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 62386222Swollman# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 62486222Swollman# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 62586222Swollman# 62686222Swollman# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 62786222Swollman# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 62886222Swollman# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 62986222Swollman# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 63086222Swollman# 63186222Swollman# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 63286222Swollman# 63386222Swollman# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 63486222Swollman# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 63586222Swollman# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 63686222Swollman# Time, for example. 63786222Swollman# 63886222Swollman# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 63986222Swollman# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 64086222Swollman# tiebreaker. 64186222Swollman# 64286222Swollman# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 64386222Swollman# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 64486222Swollman# the word "Australian"? 64586222Swollman# 64686222Swollman# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 64786222Swollman# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 64886222Swollman# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 64986222Swollman# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 65086222Swollman# following count of page hits: 65186222Swollman# 65286222Swollman# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 65386222Swollman# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 65486222Swollman# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 65586222Swollman# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 65686222Swollman# 65786222Swollman# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 65886222Swollman# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 65986222Swollman# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 66086222Swollman# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 66186222Swollman# 66286222Swollman# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 66386222Swollman# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 66486222Swollman# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 66586222Swollman# are the hit counts anyway: 66686222Swollman# 66786222Swollman# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 66886222Swollman# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 66986222Swollman# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 67086222Swollman# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 67186222Swollman# 67286222Swollman# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 67386222Swollman# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 67486222Swollman# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 67586222Swollman# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 67686222Swollman# 67786222Swollman# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 67886222Swollman# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 67986222Swollman# 68086222Swollman# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 68186222Swollman# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 68286222Swollman# the ambiguities involved. 68386222Swollman# 68486222Swollman# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 68586222Swollman# 68686222Swollman# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 68786222Swollman# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 68886222Swollman# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 68986222Swollman# understood in Australia. 69086222Swollman 69114343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 692158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 693149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 6949908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 6959908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 6969908Swollman# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 69714343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 6982742Swollman 699149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 70075267Swollman# 70143014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 70243014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 70343014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 70475267Swollman# 70543014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 70643014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 70743014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 70843014Swollman# </a> 70943014Swollman# ACT 71058787Sru# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 71143014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 71243014Swollman# </a> 71343014Swollman# SA 71443014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 71543014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 71643014Swollman# </a> 71743014Swollman 718149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 719149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 720149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 721149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 722149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 723149514Swollman# 724149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 725149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 726149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 727149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 728149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 729149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 730149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 731149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 732149514Swollman# allude to it. 733149514Swollman# But not Queensland 734149514Swollman# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 735149514Swollman 7369908Swollman# Northern Territory 7379908Swollman 73819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7392742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 7402742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 7412742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 7422742Swollman# ... 7439908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 7442742Swollman 74519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7462742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7472742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 7482742Swollman 7499908Swollman# Western Australia 7502742Swollman 75119878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7522742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 7532742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 7542742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 7552742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 7562742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 7572742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 7582742Swollman# ... 7592742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 7602742Swollman# ... 7612742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7622742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 7632742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7642742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 7652742Swollman 76619878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7672742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7682742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 7692742Swollman 77019878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 7712742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 7722742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 7732742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 7742742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 7752742Swollman# everybody again. 7762742Swollman 77719878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7782742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 7792742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 7802742Swollman 78158787Sru# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 78258787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 78358787Sru# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 78458787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 78558787Sru 7869908Swollman# Queensland 78719878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7882742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 7892742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 7902742Swollman# ... 7912742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 7922742Swollman# ... 7932742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7942742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 7952742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7962742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 7972742Swollman 79819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 7992742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 8002742Swollman# October 1989). 8012742Swollman 80219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 8032742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 8042742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 8052742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 8062742Swollman 80719878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 8082742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 8092742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 8102742Swollman# me.) 8112742Swollman 81219878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 8132742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 8142742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 8152742Swollman# ... 8162742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8172742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 8182742Swollman# ... 8192742Swollman 82019878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 8212742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 8222742Swollman 823169811Swollman# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 824169811Swollman# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 825169811Swollman# WA are trialing DST for three years. 826169811Swollman# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 827169811Swollman 828105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 829114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 830169811Swollman# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 831114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 832114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 833114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 834114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 835169811Swollman# Australia and Western Australia.... 836105196Swollman# 837105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 838105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 839105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 840169811Swollman# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 841105196Swollman# 842169811Swollman# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 843169811Swollman# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 844169811Swollman# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 845169811Swollman# coast of the continent. 846105196Swollman# 847169811Swollman# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 848169811Swollman# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 849169811Swollman# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 850169811Swollman# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 851169811Swollman# the largest population centre in this zone.... 852169811Swollman# 853169811Swollman# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 854169811Swollman# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 855169811Swollman# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 856169811Swollman# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 857169811Swollman# 858169811Swollman# (2006-12-09): 859169811Swollman# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 860169811Swollman# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 861169811Swollman# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 862169811Swollman# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 863105196Swollman 864169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 865169811Swollman# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 866169811Swollman# introduction of standard time in 1895. 867169811Swollman 868169811Swollman 8699908Swollman# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 8702742Swollman 87119878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 8722742Swollman# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 8732742Swollman# There are lots of differences between these rules and 8742742Swollman# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 8752742Swollman# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 8762742Swollman# current DST ending dates, no worries. 8772742Swollman# 8782742Swollman# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 879158421Swollman# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 - 8802742Swollman# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 8812742Swollman# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 882158421Swollman# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 8832742Swollman# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 8842742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 8852742Swollman# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 886158421Swollman# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun>=15 3:00 8872742Swollman# 10:00 Oz EST 8882742Swollman 88919878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8902742Swollman# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 8912742Swollman# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 8922742Swollman# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 8932742Swollman# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 8942742Swollman# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 8952742Swollman# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 8962742Swollman 8979908Swollman# South Australia 8982742Swollman 89919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 9002742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 9012742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 9022742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 9032742Swollman 90419878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9052742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 9062742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9072742Swollman# ... 9082742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 9092742Swollman# ... 9102742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 9112742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 912158421Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 9132742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 9142742Swollman 91519878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 9162742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 9172742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 9182742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 9192742Swollman 92019878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 9212742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 9222742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 9232742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 9242742Swollman# is on... 9252742Swollman 92619878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 9272742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 9282742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 9292742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 9302742Swollman 93119878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 9322742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 9332742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 9342742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 9352742Swollman 936149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 9379908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 9389908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 9399908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 9402742Swollman 9419908Swollman# Tasmania 9429908Swollman 94358787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 94458787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9452742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 9462742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9472742Swollman 94819878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 9492742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 9502742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 9512742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 9522742Swollman 95358787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 95458787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 95558787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 95658787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 95758787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 95858787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 95958787Sru 96064499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 96164499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 96264499Swollman 9639908Swollman# Victoria 9642742Swollman 96558787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 96658787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9672742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 9682742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9692742Swollman 97086222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 97186222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 97286222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 97386222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 97486222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 97586222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 97686222Swollman# 97786222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 97886222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 97986222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 98086222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 98186222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 98286222Swollman# expected time. 98386222Swollman# 98486222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 98586222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 98686222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 98786222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 98886222Swollman# 98986222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 99086222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 99186222Swollman 9929908Swollman# New South Wales 9932742Swollman 9942742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 9952742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 996149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 9972742Swollman# who notes: 9982742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 9992742Swollman# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 10002742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 10012742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 10022742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 10032742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 10042742Swollman 1005149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 100658787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 100758787Sru# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 100858787Sru# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 100958787Sru# Two months more daylight saving 101058787Sru# </a> 101158787Sru# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 10122742Swollman 101358787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 101458787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 101558787Sru# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 101658787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 101758787Sru# </a> 101858787Sru# 101958787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 102058787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 102158787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 102258787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 102358787Sru# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 102458787Sru# 102558787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 102658787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 102758787Sru# Vic to extend daylight saving 102858787Sru# </a> (1999-07-28). 102958787Sru# 103058787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 103158787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 103258787Sru# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 103358787Sru# </a> (1999-07-19). 103458787Sru# 103558787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 103658787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 103758787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 103858787Sru# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 103958787Sru# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 104058787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 104158787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 104275267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 104358787Sru# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 104458787Sru# 104558787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 104658787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 104758787Sru# Broken Hill to be behind the times 104858787Sru# </a> (1999-07-21). 10492742Swollman 105043543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 105143543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 105258787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 105343543Swollman 105467578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 105575267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 105675267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 105767578Swollman 10589908Swollman# Yancowinna 10592742Swollman 106067578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 10612742Swollman# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 10622742Swollman 106319878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10642742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 10652742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 10662742Swollman# ... 106743014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 10682742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 10692742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 10702742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 10712742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 10722742Swollman# # presently available. 10732742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 10742742Swollman# ... 10752742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10762742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 10772742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 10782742Swollman 10799908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 10802742Swollman 108119878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1082153670Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 10832742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 10842742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 10852742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 10862742Swollman 108758787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 108858787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 108958787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 109058787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 109158787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 109258787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 109386464Swollman# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 109458787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 109558787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 109658787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 109714343Swollman 109875267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 109975267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 110075267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 110175267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 110275267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 110375267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 110458787Sru 1105158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1106158421Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1107158421Swollman# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 110867578Swollman 11092742Swollman############################################################################### 11102742Swollman 111158787Sru# New Zealand 11122742Swollman 111319878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 11142742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 11152742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 11162742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 11172742Swollman# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 11182742Swollman 111919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 11202742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 11212742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1122153670Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 11232742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 11242742Swollman# ... 11252742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11262742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 11272742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 11282742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 11292742Swollman# ... 11302742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 11312742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 11322742Swollman 113319878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 11342742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 11352742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 11362742Swollman 113714343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1138158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1139149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 114014343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 114114343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 114214343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 114314343Swollman# 1144158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1145121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1146121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1147158421Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1148121098Swollman# 1149121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1150121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1151121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 115214343Swollman 1153169811Swollman# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1154169811Swollman# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1155169811Swollman# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1156169811Swollman# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1157169811Swollman# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1158169811Swollman 11592742Swollman############################################################################### 11602742Swollman 116158787Sru 11622742Swollman# Fiji 11632742Swollman 116458787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 116558787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 116658787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 11672742Swollman 116843543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 116943543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 117075267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 117143543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 117243543Swollman 117358787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 117458787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 117558787Sru 117643543Swollman# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 117743543Swollman# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 117843543Swollman# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 117943543Swollman# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 118043543Swollman# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 118143543Swollman# millenium. 118243543Swollman 118375267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 118475267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 118558787Sru 118614343Swollman# Johnston 118714343Swollman 118814343Swollman# Johnston data is from usno1995. 118914343Swollman 119058787Sru 119117200Swollman# Kiribati 119217200Swollman 119317200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 119417200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 119517200Swollman# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 119617200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 119717200Swollman 119858787Sru 11992742Swollman# Kwajalein 12002742Swollman 12012742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 12022742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 120319878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 12042742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 12052742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 12062742Swollman 120758787Sru 120814343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 12092742Swollman 121058787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 12112742Swollman# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 12122742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 121375267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 121475267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 121514343Swollman 121675267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 121775267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 121875267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 121975267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 122058787Sru 122175267Swollman 122217200Swollman# Micronesia 122317200Swollman 1224149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 122517200Swollman# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 122617200Swollman# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 122717200Swollman# 1228158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1229158421Swollman# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 123017200Swollman 123158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 123258787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 123358787Sru# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 123458787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 123558787Sru# </a> (1999-01-26) 123658787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 123758787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 123858787Sru 123958787Sru 1240121098Swollman# Midway 1241121098Swollman 1242121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1243121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1244121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1245121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1246121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1247121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1248121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1249121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1250121098Swollman# 1251121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1252121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1253121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1254121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1255121098Swollman 1256121098Swollman 125758787Sru# Pitcairn 125858787Sru 125958787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 126058787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 126158787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 126258787Sru# 126358787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 126458787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 126558787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 126658787Sru# 126758787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 126858787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 126958787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 127058787Sru 127158787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 127258787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 127358787Sru# ... at midnight. 127458787Sru 127558787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 127658787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 127758787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 127858787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 127958787Sru 128058787Sru 128114343Swollman# Samoa 128214343Swollman 128358787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 128458787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 128514343Swollman# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 128614343Swollman# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 128714343Swollman# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 128817200Swollman 128958787Sru 129017200Swollman# Tonga 129117200Swollman 129217200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 129317200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 129417200Swollman# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 129517200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 129658787Sru 129758787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 129858787Sru# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 129958787Sru# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 130058787Sru# </a>: 130158787Sru 130258787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 130358787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 130458787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 130558787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 130658787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 130758787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 130858787Sru# 130958787Sru# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 131058787Sru# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 131158787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 131258787Sru# 131358787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 131458787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 131558787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 131658787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 131758787Sru# 131858787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 131958787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 132058787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 132158787Sru 1322158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1323158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 132458787Sru 132558787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 132658787Sru# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 132758787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 132858787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 132958787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 133058787Sru# Government. 133158787Sru 1332149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 133358787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 133475267Swollman# 1335149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 133658787Sru# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 133758787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 133858787Sru# </a> 133975267Swollman# 134058787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 134158787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 134258787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 134358787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 134458787Sru 1345149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 134658787Sru# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 134758787Sru# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 134858787Sru# </a>: 134975267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 135075267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 135175267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 135275267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 135358787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 135458787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 135558787Sru 135658787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 135758787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 135858787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 135958787Sru 136075267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 136175267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 136275267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 136375267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 136475267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 136575267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 136675267Swollman# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 136758787Sru 136875267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 136975267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 137075267Swollman 137193799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 137293799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 137393799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 137493799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 137593799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 137686222Swollman 1377114173Swollman# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1378114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 137986222Swollman 1380121098Swollman 1381121098Swollman# Wake 1382121098Swollman 1383121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1384121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1385121098Swollman# 1386121098Swollman# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1387121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1388121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1389121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1390121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1391121098Swollman# impossible. 1392121098Swollman# 1393121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1394121098Swollman 1395121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1396121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1397121098Swollman 139858787Sru############################################################################### 139958787Sru 140058787Sru# The International Date Line 140158787Sru 140258787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 140375267Swollman# 140458787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 140558787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 140658787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 140758787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 140858787Sru# 140958787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 141058787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 141158787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 141258787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 141358787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 141458787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1415153670Swollman# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 141658787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 141758787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 141858787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 141958787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1420149514Swollman 1421153670Swollman# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1422153670Swollman# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1423153670Swollman# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1424153670Swollman# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1425153670Swollman# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1426153670Swollman# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1427153670Swollman# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1428153670Swollman# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1429153670Swollman# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1430153670Swollman# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1431153670Swollman# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1432153670Swollman# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1433153670Swollman# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1434153670Swollman 1435149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1436149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1437149514Swollman# 1438149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1439149514Swollman# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1440149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1441149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1442