australasia revision 153670
1# @(#)australasia 7.77 2# This file also includes Pacific islands. 3 4# Notes are at the end of this file 5 6############################################################################### 7 8# Australia 9 10# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 11 12# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 13Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 14Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 15Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 16Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 17Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 18Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 19Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 20# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 21# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 22# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 23 24# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25# Northern Territory 26Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 27 9:00 - CST 1899 May 28 9:30 Aus CST 29# Western Australia 30Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 31 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 32 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s 33 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 34 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s 35 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 36 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s 37 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 38 8:00 - WST 39# Queensland 40# 41# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 42# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 43# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 44# Queensland ceased to. 45# 46# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 47# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 48# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 49# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 50# so use Lindeman. 51# 52# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 53Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 54Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 55Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 56Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 57Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 58Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 59Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 60 10:00 Aus EST 1971 61 10:00 AQ EST 62Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 63 10:00 Aus EST 1971 64 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 65 10:00 Holiday EST 66 67# South Australia 68# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 71Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 72Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 73Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 74Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 75Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 76Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 77Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 78Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 79Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 80Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 81Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 82Rule AS 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 83# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 84Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 85 9:00 - CST 1899 May 86 9:30 Aus CST 1971 87 9:30 AS CST 88 89# Tasmania 90# 91# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 92# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 93# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 94# 95# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 96Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 97Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 98Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 99Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 100Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 101Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 102Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 103Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 104Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 105Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 106Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 107Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 108Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 109Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 110Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 111Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 112Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AT 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 115Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 116 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 117 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 118 10:00 Aus EST 1967 119 10:00 AT EST 120Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 121 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 122 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 123 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 124 10:00 AT EST 125 126# Victoria 127# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 128Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 129Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 130Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 131Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 132Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 133Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 134Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 135Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 136Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 137Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 138Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 139Rule AV 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 140# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 141Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 142 10:00 Aus EST 1971 143 10:00 AV EST 144 145# New South Wales 146# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 147Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 149Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 151Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 152Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 153Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 154Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 155Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 156Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 157Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 158Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 159Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 160Rule AN 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 161# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 162Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 163 10:00 Aus EST 1971 164 10:00 AN EST 165Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 166 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 167 9:00 - CST 1899 May 168 9:30 Aus CST 1971 169 9:30 AN CST 2000 170 9:30 AS CST 171 172# Lord Howe Island 173# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 174Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 175Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 176Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 177Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 178Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 179Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 180Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 181Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 182Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 183Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 184Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 185Rule LH 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 186Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 187 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 188 10:30 LH LHST 189 190# Australian miscellany 191# 192# Ashmore Is, Cartier 193# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 194# like Australia/Perth, says Turner 195# 196# Coral Sea Is 197# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 198# no information 199# 200# Macquarie 201# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 202# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 203# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner 204 205# Christmas 206# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 207Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 208 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 209 210# Cook Is 211# From Shanks: 212# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 213Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 214Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 215Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 216# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 217Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 218 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 219 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 220 221# Cocos 222# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 223# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 224# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 225Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 226 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 227 228# Fiji 229# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 230Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 231Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 232# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 233Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 234 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 235 236# French Polynesia 237# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 238Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 239 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 240Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 241 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 242Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 243 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 244# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 245# it is uninhabited. 246 247# Guam 248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 250 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 251 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 252 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 253 254# Kiribati 255# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 257 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 258Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 259 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 260 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 261 13:00 - PHOT 262Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 263 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 264 -10:00 - LINT 1995 265 14:00 - LINT 266 267# N Mariana Is 268# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 269Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 270 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 271 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 272 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 273 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 274 275# Marshall Is 276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 277Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 278 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 279 12:00 - MHT 280Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 281 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 282 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 283 12:00 - MHT 284 285# Micronesia 286# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 287Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 288 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 289Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 290 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 291Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 292 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 293 12:00 - KOST 1999 294 11:00 - KOST 295 296# Nauru 297# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 298Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 299 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 300 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 301 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 302 12:00 - NRT 303 304# New Caledonia 305# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 306Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 307Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 308Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 309# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 310Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 311# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 312Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 313 11:00 NC NC%sT 314 315 316############################################################################### 317 318# New Zealand 319 320# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 321Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 322Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 323Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 324Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 325Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 326Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 327Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 328# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 329# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 330Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 331Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 332Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 333Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 334Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 335Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 336Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 337Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 338Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 339Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 340Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 341Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 342Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 343Rule Chatham 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 344# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 345Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 346 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 347 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 348Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 349 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 350 351 352# Auckland Is 353# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 354# and scientific personnel have wintered 355 356# Campbell I 357# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 358# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 359# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 360# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 361 362############################################################################### 363 364 365# Niue 366# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 367Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 368 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 369 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 370 -11:00 - NUT 371 372# Norfolk 373# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 374Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 375 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 376 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 377 378# Palau (Belau) 379# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 380Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 381 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 382 383# Papua New Guinea 384# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 385Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 386 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 387 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 388 389# Pitcairn 390# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 391Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 392 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 393 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 394 395# American Samoa 396Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 397 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 398 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 399 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 400 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 401 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 402 403# Samoa 404Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 405 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 406 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 407 -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time 408 409# Solomon Is 410# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 411# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 413 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 414 415# Tokelau Is 416# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 418 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 419 420# Tonga 421# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 422Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 423Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 424Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 425Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 426# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 427Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 428 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 429 13:00 - TOT 1999 430 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 431 432# Tuvalu 433# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 434Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 435 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 436 437 438# US minor outlying islands 439 440# Howland, Baker 441# uninhabited since World War II 442# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 443 444# Jarvis 445# uninhabited since 1958 446# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 447 448# Johnston 449# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 450Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 451 452# Kingman 453# uninhabited 454 455# Midway 456# 457# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 458# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 459# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 460# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 461# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 462# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 463# designations that I've never seen before:.... 464# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 465# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 466# 467Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 468 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 469 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 470 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 471 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 472 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 473 474# Palmyra 475# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 476 477# Wake 478# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 479Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 480 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 481 482 483# Vanuatu 484# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 485Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 486Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 487Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 488Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 489Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 490Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 491# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 492Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 493 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 494 495# Wallis and Futuna 496# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 497Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 498 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 499 500############################################################################### 501 502# NOTES 503 504# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 505# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 506# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 507 508# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 509# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 510# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 511# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 512# 513# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 514# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 515# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 516# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 517# of the IATA's data after 1990. 518# 519# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 520# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 521# 522# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 523# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 524# I found in the UCLA library. 525# 526# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 527# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 528# 529# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 530# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 531# Corrections are welcome! 532# std dst 533# LMT Local Mean Time 534# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 535# 9:00 JST Japan 536# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 537# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 538# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 539# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 540# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 541# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 542# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 543# -11:00 SST Samoa 544# -10:00 HST Hawaii 545# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 546# 547# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 548# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 549 550############################################################################### 551 552# Australia 553 554# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 555# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 556# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 557# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 558 559# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 560# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 561# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 562# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 563 564# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 565# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 566# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 567# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 568# abbreviation does _not_ change... 569# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 570# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 571# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 572# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 573# time'. 574# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 575# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 576# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 577# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 578# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 579# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 580# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 581 582# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 583# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 584# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 585# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 586# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 587 588# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 589# versus "AEST" etc.: 590# 591# I see the following points of dispute: 592# 593# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 594# 595# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 596# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 597# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 598# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 599# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 600# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 601# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 602# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 603# 604# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 605# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 606# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 607# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 608# 609# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 610# 611# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 612# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 613# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 614# Time, for example. 615# 616# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 617# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 618# tiebreaker. 619# 620# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 621# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 622# the word "Australian"? 623# 624# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 625# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 626# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 627# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 628# following count of page hits: 629# 630# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 631# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 632# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 633# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 634# 635# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 636# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 637# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 638# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 639# 640# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 641# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 642# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 643# are the hit counts anyway: 644# 645# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 646# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 647# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 648# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 649# 650# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 651# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 652# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 653# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 654# 655# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 656# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 657# 658# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 659# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 660# the ambiguities involved. 661# 662# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 663# 664# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 665# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 666# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 667# understood in Australia. 668 669# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 670# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 671# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 672# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 673# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 674# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 675# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 676 677# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 678# 679# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 680# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 681# relevant entries in this database. 682# 683# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 684# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 685# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 686# </a> 687# ACT 688# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 689# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 690# </a> 691# SA 692# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 693# Standard Time Act, 1898 694# </a> 695 696# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 697# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 698# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 699# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 700# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 701# 702# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 703# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 704# to extend DST together in 2006. 705# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 706# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 707# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 708# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 709# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 710# allude to it. 711# But not Queensland 712# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 713 714# Northern Territory 715 716# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 717# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 718# # [ Nov 1990 ] 719# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 720# ... 721# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 722 723# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 724# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 725# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 726 727# Western Australia 728 729# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 730# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 731# # [ Nov 1990 ] 732# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 733# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 734# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 735# # before reaching parliament. 736# ... 737# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 738# ... 739# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 740# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 741# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 742# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 743 744# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 745# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 746# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 747 748# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 749# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 750# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 751# work at 9.00am.) 752# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 753# everybody again. 754 755# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 756# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 757# it matches what was used in the past. 758 759# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 760# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 761# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 762# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 763 764# Queensland 765# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 766# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 767# # [ Dec 1990 ] 768# ... 769# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 770# ... 771# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 772# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 773# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 774# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 775 776# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 777# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 778# October 1989). 779 780# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 781# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 782# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 783# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 784 785# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 786# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 787# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 788# me.) 789 790# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 791# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 792# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 793# ... 794# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 795# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 796# ... 797 798# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 799# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 800 801# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 802# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 803# southern coast of Australia, population 10 at last report, along with 804# 50,000 sheep, about 100 kilometers long and 40 kilometers into the 805# continent. The primary town is Madura, with the other towns being 806# Mundrabilla and Eucla. According to the sheriff of Madura, the 807# residents got tired of having to change the time so often, as they are 808# located in a strip overlapping the border of South Australia and Western 809# Australia. South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 810# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 811# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 812# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 813# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 814# Australia and Western Australia. As it only affects about 10 people and 815# tourists staying at the Madura Motel, it has never really made as big an 816# impact as Broken Hill. However, as tourist visiting there or anyone 817# calling the local sheriff will attest, they do keep time in this way. 818# 819# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 820# This is confirmed by the section entitled 821# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 822# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>, 823# which says a few other things: 824# 825# * Border Village, SA also is 45 minutes ahead of Perth. 826# * The locals call this time zone "central W.A. Time" (presumably "CWAT"). 827# * The locals also call Western Australia time "Perth time". 828# 829# It's not clear from context whether everyone in Western Australia 830# knows of this naming convention, or whether it's just the people in 831# this subregion. 832 833# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 834 835# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 836# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 837# There are lots of differences between these rules and 838# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 839# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 840# current DST ending dates, no worries. 841# 842# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 843# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 - 844# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 845# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 846# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - 847# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 848# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 849# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 850# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00 851# 10:00 Oz EST 852 853# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 854# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 855# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 856# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 857# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 858# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 859# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 860 861# South Australia 862 863# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 864# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 865# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 866# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 867 868# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 869# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 870# # [ Nov 1990 ] 871# ... 872# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 873# ... 874# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 875# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 876# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C 877# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 878 879# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 880# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 881# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 882# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 883 884# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 885# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 886# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 887# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 888# is on... 889 890# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 891# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 892# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 893# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 894 895# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 896# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 897# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 898# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 899 900# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 901# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 902# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 903# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 904 905# Tasmania 906 907# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 908# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 909# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 910# # [ Nov 1990 ] 911 912# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 913# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 914# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 915# (but nothing new about that). 916 917# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 918# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 919# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 920# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 921# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 922# instead of the first Sunday in October. 923 924# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 925# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 926 927# Victoria 928 929# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 930# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 931# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 932# # [ Nov 1990 ] 933 934# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 935# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 936# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 937# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 938# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 939# in Melbourne, Australia. 940# 941# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 942# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 943# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 944# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 945# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 946# expected time. 947# 948# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 949# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 950# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 951# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 952# 953# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 954# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 955 956# New South Wales 957 958# From Arthur David Olson: 959# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 960# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 961# who notes: 962# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 963# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 964# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 965# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 966# legislation. This is very important to understand. 967# I have researched New South Wales time only... 968 969# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 970# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 971# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 972# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 973# Two months more daylight saving 974# </a> 975# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 976 977# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 978# See the following official NSW source: 979# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 980# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 981# </a> 982# 983# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 984# daylight saving next year. See: 985# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 986# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 987# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 988# 989# Victoria will following NSW. See: 990# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 991# Vic to extend daylight saving 992# </a> (1999-07-28). 993# 994# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 995# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 996# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 997# </a> (1999-07-19). 998# 999# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1000# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1001# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1002# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1003# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1004# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1005# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1006# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1007# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1008# 1009# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1010# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1011# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1012# </a> (1999-07-21). 1013 1014# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1015# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1016# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1017 1018# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1019# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1020# towns to use Queensland time. 1021 1022# Yancowinna 1023 1024# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1025# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1026 1027# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1028# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1029# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1030# ... 1031# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1032# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1033# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1034# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1035# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1036# # presently available. 1037# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1038# ... 1039# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1040# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1041# [followed by other Rules] 1042 1043# Lord Howe Island 1044 1045# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1046# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1047# [ Dec 1990 ] 1048# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1049# hour ahead of NSW time. 1050 1051# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1052# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1053# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1054# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1055# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1056# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1057# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1058# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1059# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1060# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1061 1062# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1063# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1064# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1065# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1066# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1067# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1068 1069# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09): 1070# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter. 1071# For times we use Lonergan. 1072 1073############################################################################### 1074 1075# New Zealand 1076 1077# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1078# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1079# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1080# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1081# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1082 1083# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1084# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1085# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1086# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1087# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1088# ... 1089# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1090# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1091# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1092# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1093# ... 1094# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1095# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1096 1097# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1098# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1099# rather than the October 1 value. 1100 1101# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1102# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 1103# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1104# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1105# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1106# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1107# 1108# From Paul Eggert (2003-05-26): 1109# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1110# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1111# Use these sources in preference to Shanks. 1112# 1113# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1114# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1115# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1116 1117############################################################################### 1118 1119 1120# Fiji 1121 1122# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1123# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1124# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1125 1126# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1127# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1128# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1129# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1130 1131# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1132# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1133 1134# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1135# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1136# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1137# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1138# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1139# millenium. 1140 1141# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1142# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1143 1144# Johnston 1145 1146# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1147 1148 1149# Kiribati 1150 1151# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1152# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1153# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1154# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1155 1156 1157# Kwajalein 1158 1159# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1160# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1161# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1162# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1163# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1164 1165 1166# N Mariana Is, Guam 1167 1168# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1169# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1170# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1171# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1172# see Asia/Manila. 1173 1174# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1175# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1176# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1177# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1178 1179 1180# Micronesia 1181 1182# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1183# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1184# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1185# 1186# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01; 1187# ignore this for now. 1188 1189# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1190# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1191# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1192# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1193# </a> (1999-01-26) 1194# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1195# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1196 1197 1198# Midway 1199 1200# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1201# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1202# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1203# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1204# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1205# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1206# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1207# air at 6am your time. 1208# 1209# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1210# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1211# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1212# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1213 1214 1215# Pitcairn 1216 1217# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1218# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1219# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1220# 1221# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1222# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1223# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1224# 1225# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1226# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1227# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1228 1229# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1230# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1231# ... at midnight. 1232 1233# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1234# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1235# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1236# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1237 1238 1239# Samoa 1240 1241# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1242# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1243# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1244# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1245# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1246 1247 1248# Tonga 1249 1250# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1251# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1252# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1253# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1254 1255# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1256# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1257# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1258# </a>: 1259 1260# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1261# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1262# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1263# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1264# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1265# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1266# 1267# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1268# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1269# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1270# 1271# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1272# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1273# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1274# minutes we have lost?" 1275# 1276# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1277# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1278# to say your prayers in the morning." 1279 1280# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12): 1281# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1282 1283# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1284# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1285# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1286# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1287# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1288# Government. 1289 1290# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1291# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1292# 1293# I was given this link by John Letts: 1294# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1295# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1296# </a> 1297# 1298# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1299# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1300# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1301# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1302 1303# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1304# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 1305# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1306# </a>: 1307# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1308# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1309# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1310# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1311# set back an hour on the closing date." 1312# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1313 1314# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1315# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1316# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1317 1318# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1319# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1320# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1321# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1322# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1323# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1324# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1325 1326# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1327# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1328 1329# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1330# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1331# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1332# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1333# hour to 1:00am. 1334 1335# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1336# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1337 1338 1339# Wake 1340 1341# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1342# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1343# 1344# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1345# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1346# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1347# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1348# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1349# impossible. 1350# 1351# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1352 1353# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1354# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1355 1356############################################################################### 1357 1358# The International Date Line 1359 1360# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1361# 1362# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1363# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1364# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1365# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1366# 1367# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1368# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1369# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1370# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1371# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1372# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1373# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1374# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1375# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1376# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1377# correct date is ambiguous. 1378 1379# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1380# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1381# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1382# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1383# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1384# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1385# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1386# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1387# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1388# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1389# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1390# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1391# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1392 1393# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1394# (2005-03-20): 1395# 1396# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1397# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1398# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1399# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1400