australasia revision 149514
1149514Swollman# @(#)australasia 7.73 22742Swollman# This file also includes Pacific islands. 386464Swollman 42742Swollman# Notes are at the end of this file 52742Swollman 62742Swollman############################################################################### 72742Swollman 82742Swollman# Australia 92742Swollman 1086222Swollman# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 1186222Swollman 122742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1358787SruRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 142742SwollmanRule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 152742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 162742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 172742SwollmanRule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 182742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 192742SwollmanRule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 2058787Sru# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 2158787Sru# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 2258787Sru# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 232742Swollman 242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 259908Swollman# Northern Territory 262742SwollmanZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 2730711Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 282742Swollman 9:30 Aus CST 299908Swollman# Western Australia 302742SwollmanZone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 3158787Sru 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 3258787Sru 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s 3314343Swollman 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 3414343Swollman 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s 3514343Swollman 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 3614343Swollman 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s 3714343Swollman 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 382742Swollman 8:00 - WST 399908Swollman# Queensland 4020094Swollman# 41149514Swollman# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 4220094Swollman# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 4320094Swollman# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 4420094Swollman# Queensland ceased to. 4520094Swollman# 4620094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 4720094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 4820094Swollman# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 4920094Swollman# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 5020094Swollman# so use Lindeman. 5120094Swollman# 5220094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 5358787SruRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 5458787SruRule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 5521217SwollmanRule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 5621217SwollmanRule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 5758787SruRule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 5858787SruRule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 592742SwollmanZone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 6058787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 6121217Swollman 10:00 AQ EST 6220094SwollmanZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 6358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 6458787Sru 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 6520094Swollman 10:00 Holiday EST 662742Swollman 679908Swollman# South Australia 682742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6914343SwollmanRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7014343SwollmanRule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 7114343SwollmanRule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 7214343SwollmanRule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 7314343SwollmanRule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7414343SwollmanRule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 7564499SwollmanRule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 7664499SwollmanRule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7764499SwollmanRule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 7864499SwollmanRule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 7964499SwollmanRule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 80149514SwollmanRule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 81149514SwollmanRule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 82149514SwollmanRule AS 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 832742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 842742SwollmanZone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 852742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 8658787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 872742Swollman 9:30 AS CST 882742Swollman 899908Swollman# Tasmania 90149514Swollman# 91149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 92149514Swollman# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 93149514Swollman# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 94149514Swollman# 952742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 9658787SruRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 9758787SruRule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 9814343SwollmanRule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 9914343SwollmanRule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 10058787SruRule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 10114343SwollmanRule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 10214343SwollmanRule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 10314343SwollmanRule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 10458787SruRule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 10514343SwollmanRule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 10658787SruRule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 10758787SruRule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 10858787SruRule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 109149514SwollmanRule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 11058787SruRule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 11158787SruRule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 112149514SwollmanRule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 113149514SwollmanRule AT 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1142742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1152742SwollmanZone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 11658787Sru 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 11758787Sru 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 11858787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1967 1192742Swollman 10:00 AT EST 120149514SwollmanZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 121149514Swollman 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 122149514Swollman 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 123149514Swollman 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 124149514Swollman 10:00 AT EST 1252742Swollman 1269908Swollman# Victoria 1272742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 12814343SwollmanRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 12958787SruRule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 13014343SwollmanRule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 13114343SwollmanRule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 13258787SruRule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 13358787SruRule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 13414343SwollmanRule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 135149514SwollmanRule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 13658787SruRule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 13743543SwollmanRule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 138149514SwollmanRule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 139149514SwollmanRule AV 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1402742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1412742SwollmanZone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 14258787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1432742Swollman 10:00 AV EST 1442742Swollman 1459908Swollman# New South Wales 1462742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 14714343SwollmanRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 14814343SwollmanRule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 14914343SwollmanRule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 15014343SwollmanRule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 15114343SwollmanRule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 15214343SwollmanRule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 15314343SwollmanRule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 15443543SwollmanRule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 15514343SwollmanRule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 156149514SwollmanRule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 15758787SruRule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 15843543SwollmanRule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 159149514SwollmanRule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 160149514SwollmanRule AN 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1622742SwollmanZone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 16358787Sru 10:00 Aus EST 1971 1642742Swollman 10:00 AN EST 1652742SwollmanZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 1662742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 1672742Swollman 9:00 - CST 1899 May 16858787Sru 9:30 Aus CST 1971 16958787Sru 9:30 AN CST 2000 17058787Sru 9:30 AS CST 1718029Swollman 17214343Swollman# Lord Howe Island 17314343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17475267SwollmanRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 17575267SwollmanRule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 17675267SwollmanRule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 17775267SwollmanRule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 17875267SwollmanRule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 17975267SwollmanRule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 18075267SwollmanRule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 181149514SwollmanRule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 18275267SwollmanRule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 18375267SwollmanRule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 184149514SwollmanRule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 185149514SwollmanRule LH 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 1862742SwollmanZone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 1872742Swollman 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 18814343Swollman 10:30 LH LHST 1898029Swollman 19014343Swollman# Australian miscellany 1912742Swollman# 1922742Swollman# Ashmore Is, Cartier 19314343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 19458787Sru# like Australia/Perth, says Turner 1952742Swollman# 19614343Swollman# Coral Sea Is 19714343Swollman# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 19814343Swollman# no information 19914343Swollman# 20030711Swollman# Macquarie 20130711Swollman# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 20258787Sru# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 20358787Sru# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner 2042742Swollman 20543014Swollman# Christmas 20643014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 20743014SwollmanZone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 20843014Swollman 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 2092742Swollman 2102742Swollman# Cook Is 21158787Sru# From Shanks: 2122742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 21319878SwollmanRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 21443014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 21543014SwollmanRule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 2162742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2172742SwollmanZone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 21819878Swollman -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 21919878Swollman -10:00 Cook CK%sT 2202742Swollman 2212742Swollman# Cocos 222149514Swollman# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 223149514Swollman# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 2242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 225149514SwollmanZone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 226149514Swollman 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 2272742Swollman 2282742Swollman# Fiji 22943543Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23075267SwollmanRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 23175267SwollmanRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 2322742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2332742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 23443543Swollman 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 2352742Swollman 2362742Swollman# French Polynesia 2372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2382742SwollmanZone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 23919878Swollman -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 2402742SwollmanZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 24119878Swollman -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 2422742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 24319878Swollman -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 24443014Swollman# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 24543014Swollman# it is uninhabited. 2462742Swollman 2472742Swollman# Guam 2482742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 24975267SwollmanZone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 25075267Swollman 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 25175267Swollman 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 25275267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 2532742Swollman 2542742Swollman# Kiribati 2552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2562742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 25719878Swollman 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 2582742SwollmanZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 25919878Swollman -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 26019878Swollman -11:00 - PHOT 1995 26119878Swollman 13:00 - PHOT 2622742SwollmanZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 26319878Swollman -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 26419878Swollman -10:00 - LINT 1995 26519878Swollman 14:00 - LINT 2662742Swollman 26714343Swollman# N Mariana Is 26814343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26975267SwollmanZone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 27075267Swollman 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 27119878Swollman 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 27275267Swollman 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 27375267Swollman 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 27414343Swollman 27514343Swollman# Marshall Is 27614343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27714343SwollmanZone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 27819878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 27919878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 28014343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 28119878Swollman 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 28219878Swollman -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 28319878Swollman 12:00 - MHT 28414343Swollman 28514343Swollman# Micronesia 28614343Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28714343SwollmanZone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 28819878Swollman 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 28914343SwollmanZone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 29019878Swollman 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 29114343SwollmanZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 29258787Sru 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 29358787Sru 12:00 - KOST 1999 29458787Sru 11:00 - KOST 29514343Swollman 2962742Swollman# Nauru 2972742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2982742SwollmanZone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 29919878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 3002742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 30119878Swollman 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 30219878Swollman 12:00 - NRT 3032742Swollman 3042742Swollman# New Caledonia 3052742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 30619878SwollmanRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 30719878SwollmanRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 30843014SwollmanRule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 30958787Sru# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 31043014SwollmanRule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 3112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3122742SwollmanZone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 3132742Swollman 11:00 NC NC%sT 3142742Swollman 3152742Swollman 3162742Swollman############################################################################### 3172742Swollman 3182742Swollman# New Zealand 3192742Swollman 3202742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 321121098SwollmanRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 322121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 323121098SwollmanRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 324121098SwollmanRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 325121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 326121098SwollmanRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 327121098SwollmanRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 328121098Swollman# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 329121098Swollman# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 330114173SwollmanRule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 331121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 332114173SwollmanRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 333121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 3349908SwollmanRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 335121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 336114173SwollmanRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 337121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 338114173SwollmanRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 339121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 3409908SwollmanRule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 341121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 3429908SwollmanRule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 343121098SwollmanRule Chatham 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 3442742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 345114173SwollmanZone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 346121098Swollman 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 3472742Swollman 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 348121098SwollmanZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 349121098Swollman 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 3502742Swollman 3518029Swollman 35230711Swollman# Auckland Is 35358787Sru# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 35458787Sru# and scientific personnel have wintered 3552742Swollman 35630711Swollman# Campbell I 35758787Sru# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 35858787Sru# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 35958787Sru# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 36030711Swollman# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 36130711Swollman 3622742Swollman############################################################################### 3632742Swollman 3642742Swollman 3652742Swollman# Niue 3662742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3672742SwollmanZone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 36819878Swollman -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 36919878Swollman -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 37019878Swollman -11:00 - NUT 3712742Swollman 3722742Swollman# Norfolk 3732742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3742742SwollmanZone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 37519878Swollman 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 37619878Swollman 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 3772742Swollman 37858787Sru# Palau (Belau) 3799908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3809908SwollmanZone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 38119878Swollman 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 3829908Swollman 3832742Swollman# Papua New Guinea 3842742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3852742SwollmanZone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 38686222Swollman 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 38719878Swollman 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 3882742Swollman 3892742Swollman# Pitcairn 3902742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3912742SwollmanZone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 39258787Sru -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 39358787Sru -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 3942742Swollman 39514343Swollman# American Samoa 39614343SwollmanZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 39714343Swollman -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 39819878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 39914343Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 40014343Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 40114343Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 40214343Swollman 403149514Swollman# Samoa 40414343SwollmanZone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 40514343Swollman -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 40619878Swollman -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 407149514Swollman -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time 40814343Swollman 4092742Swollman# Solomon Is 4102742Swollman# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 4112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4122742SwollmanZone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 41319878Swollman 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 4142742Swollman 4152742Swollman# Tokelau Is 4162742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4172742SwollmanZone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 41819878Swollman -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 4192742Swollman 4202742Swollman# Tonga 42158787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 42275267SwollmanRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 42375267SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 424114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 425114173SwollmanRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 4262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4272742SwollmanZone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 42858787Sru 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 42958787Sru 13:00 - TOT 1999 43058787Sru 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 4312742Swollman 4322742Swollman# Tuvalu 4332742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4342742SwollmanZone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 43519878Swollman 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 4362742Swollman 43743014Swollman 43843014Swollman# US minor outlying islands 43943014Swollman 44043014Swollman# Howland, Baker 44143014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II 44243014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 44343014Swollman 44443014Swollman# Jarvis 44543014Swollman# uninhabited since 1958 44643014Swollman# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 44743014Swollman 44843014Swollman# Johnston 44943014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 45043014SwollmanZone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 45143014Swollman 45243014Swollman# Kingman 45343014Swollman# uninhabited 45443014Swollman 45543014Swollman# Midway 456149514Swollman# 457149514Swollman# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 458149514Swollman# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 459149514Swollman# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 460149514Swollman# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 461149514Swollman# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 462149514Swollman# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 463149514Swollman# designations that I've never seen before:.... 464149514Swollman# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 465149514Swollman# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 466149514Swollman# 46743014SwollmanZone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 468121098Swollman -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 469121098Swollman -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 47043014Swollman -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 47143014Swollman -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 47243014Swollman -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 47343014Swollman 47443014Swollman# Palmyra 47543014Swollman# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 47643014Swollman 47743014Swollman# Wake 47843014Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 47943014SwollmanZone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 48043014Swollman 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 48143014Swollman 48243014Swollman 4832742Swollman# Vanuatu 4842742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 48519878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 48619878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 48719878SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 48820094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 48920094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 49020094SwollmanRule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 4912742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4922742SwollmanZone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 49319878Swollman 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 4942742Swollman 4952742Swollman# Wallis and Futuna 4962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4972742SwollmanZone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 49819878Swollman 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 4992742Swollman 5002742Swollman############################################################################### 5012742Swollman 5022742Swollman# NOTES 5032742Swollman 5042742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5052742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5062742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 5072742Swollman 508149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 5092742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 51058787Sru# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 51158787Sru# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 5122742Swollman# 51386222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 51420094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 51520094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 51620094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 51720094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 51820094Swollman# 51920094Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 52020094Swollman# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 52120094Swollman# 5222742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 5232742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 5242742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 5252742Swollman# 5262742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 52758787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 5282742Swollman# 5292742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 5302742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 5312742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 5322742Swollman# std dst 5332742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 5342742Swollman# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 5352742Swollman# 9:00 JST Japan 5362742Swollman# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 5372742Swollman# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 53875267Swollman# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 5392742Swollman# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 540121098Swollman# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 541121098Swollman# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 54219878Swollman# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 5432742Swollman# -11:00 SST Samoa 54414343Swollman# -10:00 HST Hawaii 54558787Sru# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 5462742Swollman# 54714343Swollman# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 5489908Swollman# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 5492742Swollman 5502742Swollman############################################################################### 5512742Swollman 5522742Swollman# Australia 5532742Swollman 55458787Sru# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 55558787Sru# Australia's Daylight Saving Times 55658787Sru# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 55758787Sru 55819878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 5592742Swollman# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 5602742Swollman# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 5612742Swollman# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 5622742Swollman# abbreviation does _not_ change... 5632742Swollman# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 5642742Swollman# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 5652742Swollman# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 5662742Swollman# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 5672742Swollman# time'. 5682742Swollman# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 5692742Swollman# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 5702742Swollman# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 5712742Swollman# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 5722742Swollman# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 5732742Swollman# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 5742742Swollman# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 5752742Swollman 57686222Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 5772742Swollman# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 5782742Swollman# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 5792742Swollman# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 5802742Swollman# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 5812742Swollman 58286222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 58386222Swollman# versus "AEST" etc.: 58486222Swollman# 58586222Swollman# I see the following points of dispute: 58686222Swollman# 58786222Swollman# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 58886222Swollman# 58986222Swollman# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 59086222Swollman# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 59186222Swollman# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 59286222Swollman# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 59386222Swollman# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 59486222Swollman# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 59586222Swollman# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 59686222Swollman# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 59786222Swollman# 59886222Swollman# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 59986222Swollman# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 60086222Swollman# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 60186222Swollman# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 60286222Swollman# 60386222Swollman# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 60486222Swollman# 60586222Swollman# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 60686222Swollman# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 60786222Swollman# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 60886222Swollman# Time, for example. 60986222Swollman# 61086222Swollman# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 61186222Swollman# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 61286222Swollman# tiebreaker. 61386222Swollman# 61486222Swollman# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 61586222Swollman# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 61686222Swollman# the word "Australian"? 61786222Swollman# 61886222Swollman# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 61986222Swollman# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 62086222Swollman# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 62186222Swollman# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 62286222Swollman# following count of page hits: 62386222Swollman# 62486222Swollman# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 62586222Swollman# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 62686222Swollman# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 62786222Swollman# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 62886222Swollman# 62986222Swollman# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 63086222Swollman# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 63186222Swollman# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 63286222Swollman# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 63386222Swollman# 63486222Swollman# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 63586222Swollman# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 63686222Swollman# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 63786222Swollman# are the hit counts anyway: 63886222Swollman# 63986222Swollman# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 64086222Swollman# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 64186222Swollman# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 64286222Swollman# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 64386222Swollman# 64486222Swollman# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 64586222Swollman# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 64686222Swollman# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 64786222Swollman# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 64886222Swollman# 64986222Swollman# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 65086222Swollman# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 65186222Swollman# 65286222Swollman# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 65386222Swollman# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 65486222Swollman# the ambiguities involved. 65586222Swollman# 65686222Swollman# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 65786222Swollman# 65886222Swollman# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 65986222Swollman# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 66086222Swollman# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 66186222Swollman# understood in Australia. 66286222Swollman 66314343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 6649908Swollman# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 665149514Swollman# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 6669908Swollman# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 6679908Swollman# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 6689908Swollman# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 66914343Swollman# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 6702742Swollman 671149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 67275267Swollman# 67343014Swollman# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 67443014Swollman# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 67543014Swollman# relevant entries in this database. 67675267Swollman# 67743014Swollman# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 67843014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 67943014Swollman# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 68043014Swollman# </a> 68143014Swollman# ACT 68258787Sru# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 68343014Swollman# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 68443014Swollman# </a> 68543014Swollman# SA 68643014Swollman# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 68743014Swollman# Standard Time Act, 1898 68843014Swollman# </a> 68943014Swollman 690149514Swollman# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 691149514Swollman# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 692149514Swollman# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 693149514Swollman# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 694149514Swollman# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 695149514Swollman# 696149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 697149514Swollman# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 698149514Swollman# to extend DST together in 2006. 699149514Swollman# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 700149514Swollman# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 701149514Swollman# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 702149514Swollman# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 703149514Swollman# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 704149514Swollman# allude to it. 705149514Swollman# But not Queensland 706149514Swollman# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 707149514Swollman 7089908Swollman# Northern Territory 7099908Swollman 71019878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7112742Swollman# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 7122742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 7132742Swollman# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 7142742Swollman# ... 7159908Swollman# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 7162742Swollman 71719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7182742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7192742Swollman# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 7202742Swollman 7219908Swollman# Western Australia 7222742Swollman 72319878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7242742Swollman# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 7252742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 7262742Swollman# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 7272742Swollman# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 7282742Swollman# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 7292742Swollman# # before reaching parliament. 7302742Swollman# ... 7312742Swollman# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 7322742Swollman# ... 7332742Swollman# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7342742Swollman# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 7352742Swollman# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7362742Swollman# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 7372742Swollman 73819878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7392742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7402742Swollman# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 7412742Swollman 74219878Swollman# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 7432742Swollman# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 7442742Swollman# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 7452742Swollman# work at 9.00am.) 7462742Swollman# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 7472742Swollman# everybody again. 7482742Swollman 74919878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7502742Swollman# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 7512742Swollman# it matches what was used in the past. 7522742Swollman 75358787Sru# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 75458787Sru# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 75558787Sru# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 75658787Sru# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 75758787Sru 7589908Swollman# Queensland 75919878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 7602742Swollman# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 7612742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 7622742Swollman# ... 7632742Swollman# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 7642742Swollman# ... 7652742Swollman# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7662742Swollman# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 7672742Swollman# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7682742Swollman# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 7692742Swollman 77019878Swollman# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 7712742Swollman# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 7722742Swollman# October 1989). 7732742Swollman 77419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 7752742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 7762742Swollman# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 7772742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 7782742Swollman 77919878Swollman# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 7802742Swollman# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 7812742Swollman# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 7822742Swollman# me.) 7832742Swollman 78419878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 7852742Swollman# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 7862742Swollman# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 7872742Swollman# ... 7882742Swollman# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 7892742Swollman# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 7902742Swollman# ... 7912742Swollman 79219878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 7932742Swollman# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 7942742Swollman 795105196Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 796114173Swollman# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 797114173Swollman# southern coast of Australia, population 10 at last report, along with 798114173Swollman# 50,000 sheep, about 100 kilometers long and 40 kilometers into the 799114173Swollman# continent. The primary town is Madura, with the other towns being 800114173Swollman# Mundrabilla and Eucla. According to the sheriff of Madura, the 801114173Swollman# residents got tired of having to change the time so often, as they are 802114173Swollman# located in a strip overlapping the border of South Australia and Western 803114173Swollman# Australia. South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 804114173Swollman# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 805114173Swollman# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 806114173Swollman# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 807114173Swollman# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 808114173Swollman# Australia and Western Australia. As it only affects about 10 people and 809114173Swollman# tourists staying at the Madura Motel, it has never really made as big an 810114173Swollman# impact as Broken Hill. However, as tourist visiting there or anyone 811105196Swollman# calling the local sheriff will attest, they do keep time in this way. 812105196Swollman# 813105196Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 814105196Swollman# This is confirmed by the section entitled 815105196Swollman# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 816105196Swollman# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>, 817105196Swollman# which says a few other things: 818105196Swollman# 819105196Swollman# * Border Village, SA also is 45 minutes ahead of Perth. 820105196Swollman# * The locals call this time zone "central W.A. Time" (presumably "CWAT"). 821105196Swollman# * The locals also call Western Australia time "Perth time". 822105196Swollman# 823105196Swollman# It's not clear from context whether everyone in Western Australia 824105196Swollman# knows of this naming convention, or whether it's just the people in 825105196Swollman# this subregion. 826105196Swollman 8279908Swollman# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 8282742Swollman 82919878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 8302742Swollman# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 8312742Swollman# There are lots of differences between these rules and 8322742Swollman# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 8332742Swollman# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 8342742Swollman# current DST ending dates, no worries. 8352742Swollman# 8362742Swollman# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 8372742Swollman# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 - 8382742Swollman# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 8392742Swollman# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 8402742Swollman# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - 8412742Swollman# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 8422742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 8432742Swollman# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 8442742Swollman# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00 8452742Swollman# 10:00 Oz EST 8462742Swollman 84719878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8482742Swollman# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 8492742Swollman# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 8502742Swollman# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 8512742Swollman# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 8522742Swollman# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 8532742Swollman# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 8542742Swollman 8559908Swollman# South Australia 8562742Swollman 85719878Swollman# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 8582742Swollman# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 8592742Swollman# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 8602742Swollman# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 8612742Swollman 86219878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 8632742Swollman# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 8642742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 8652742Swollman# ... 8662742Swollman# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 8672742Swollman# ... 8682742Swollman# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 8692742Swollman# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 8702742Swollman# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C 8712742Swollman# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 8722742Swollman 87319878Swollman# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 8742742Swollman# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 8752742Swollman# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 8762742Swollman# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 8772742Swollman 87819878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 8792742Swollman# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 8802742Swollman# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 8812742Swollman# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 8822742Swollman# is on... 8832742Swollman 88419878Swollman# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 8852742Swollman# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 8862742Swollman# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 8872742Swollman# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 8882742Swollman 88919878Swollman# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 8902742Swollman# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 8912742Swollman# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 8922742Swollman# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 8932742Swollman 894149514Swollman# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 8959908Swollman# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 8969908Swollman# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 8979908Swollman# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 8982742Swollman 8999908Swollman# Tasmania 9009908Swollman 90158787Sru# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 90258787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9032742Swollman# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 9042742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9052742Swollman 90619878Swollman# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 9072742Swollman# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 9082742Swollman# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 9092742Swollman# (but nothing new about that). 9102742Swollman 91158787Sru# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 91258787Sru# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 91358787Sru# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 91458787Sru# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 91558787Sru# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 91658787Sru# instead of the first Sunday in October. 91758787Sru 91864499Swollman# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 91964499Swollman# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 92064499Swollman 9219908Swollman# Victoria 9222742Swollman 92358787Sru# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 92458787Sru# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 9252742Swollman# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 9262742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 9272742Swollman 92886222Swollman# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 92986222Swollman# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 93086222Swollman# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 93186222Swollman# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 93286222Swollman# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 93386222Swollman# in Melbourne, Australia. 93486222Swollman# 93586222Swollman# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 93686222Swollman# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 93786222Swollman# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 93886222Swollman# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 93986222Swollman# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 94086222Swollman# expected time. 94186222Swollman# 94286222Swollman# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 94386222Swollman# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 94486222Swollman# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 94586222Swollman# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 94686222Swollman# 94786222Swollman# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 94886222Swollman# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 94986222Swollman 9509908Swollman# New South Wales 9512742Swollman 9522742Swollman# From Arthur David Olson: 9532742Swollman# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 954149514Swollman# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 9552742Swollman# who notes: 9562742Swollman# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 9572742Swollman# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 9582742Swollman# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 9592742Swollman# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 9602742Swollman# legislation. This is very important to understand. 9612742Swollman# I have researched New South Wales time only... 9622742Swollman 96358787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 96458787Sru# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission 96558787Sru# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm"> 96658787Sru# Daylight Saving 96758787Sru# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST. 96858787Sru# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department 96958787Sru# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See: 97058787Sru# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2"> 97158787Sru# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales 97258787Sru# </a> 9732742Swollman 974149514Swollman# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 97558787Sru# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 97658787Sru# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 97758787Sru# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 97858787Sru# Two months more daylight saving 97958787Sru# </a> 98058787Sru# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 9812742Swollman 98258787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 98358787Sru# See the following official NSW source: 98458787Sru# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 98558787Sru# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 98658787Sru# </a> 98758787Sru# 98858787Sru# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 98958787Sru# daylight saving next year. See: 99058787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 99158787Sru# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 99258787Sru# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 99358787Sru# 99458787Sru# Victoria will following NSW. See: 99558787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 99658787Sru# Vic to extend daylight saving 99758787Sru# </a> (1999-07-28). 99858787Sru# 99958787Sru# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 100058787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 100158787Sru# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 100258787Sru# </a> (1999-07-19). 100358787Sru# 100458787Sru# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 100558787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 100658787Sru# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 100758787Sru# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 100858787Sru# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 100958787Sru# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 101058787Sru# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 101175267Swollman# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 101258787Sru# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 101358787Sru# 101458787Sru# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 101558787Sru# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 101658787Sru# Broken Hill to be behind the times 101758787Sru# </a> (1999-07-21). 10182742Swollman 101943543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 102043543Swollman# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 102158787Sru# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 102243543Swollman 102367578Swollman# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 102475267Swollman# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 102575267Swollman# towns to use Queensland time. 102667578Swollman 10279908Swollman# Yancowinna 10282742Swollman 102967578Swollman# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 10302742Swollman# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 10312742Swollman 103219878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10332742Swollman# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 10342742Swollman# # [ Dec 1990 ] 10352742Swollman# ... 103643014Swollman# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 10372742Swollman# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 10382742Swollman# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 10392742Swollman# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 10402742Swollman# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 10412742Swollman# # presently available. 10422742Swollman# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 10432742Swollman# ... 10442742Swollman# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10452742Swollman# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 10462742Swollman# [followed by other Rules] 10472742Swollman 10489908Swollman# Lord Howe Island 10492742Swollman 105019878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10512742Swollman# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ] 10522742Swollman# [ Dec 1990 ] 10532742Swollman# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 10542742Swollman# hour ahead of NSW time. 10552742Swollman 105658787Sru# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 105758787Sru# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 105858787Sru# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 105958787Sru# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 106058787Sru# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 106158787Sru# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 106286464Swollman# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 106358787Sru# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 106458787Sru# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 106558787Sru# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 106614343Swollman 106775267Swollman# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 106875267Swollman# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 106975267Swollman# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 107075267Swollman# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 107175267Swollman# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 107275267Swollman# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 107358787Sru 107475267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09): 107575267Swollman# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter. 107675267Swollman# For times we use Lonergan. 107767578Swollman 10782742Swollman############################################################################### 10792742Swollman 108058787Sru# New Zealand 10812742Swollman 108219878Swollman# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 10832742Swollman# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 10842742Swollman# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 10852742Swollman# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 10862742Swollman# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 10872742Swollman 108819878Swollman# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 10892742Swollman# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 10902742Swollman# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 10912742Swollman# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ] 10922742Swollman# # [ Nov 1990 ] 10932742Swollman# ... 10942742Swollman# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 10952742Swollman# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 10962742Swollman# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 10972742Swollman# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 10982742Swollman# ... 10992742Swollman# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 11002742Swollman# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 11012742Swollman 110219878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 11032742Swollman# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 11042742Swollman# rather than the October 1 value. 11052742Swollman 110614343Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 110714343Swollman# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 1108149514Swollman# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 110914343Swollman# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 111014343Swollman# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 111114343Swollman# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 111214343Swollman# 1113121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-05-26): 1114121098Swollman# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1115121098Swollman# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1116121098Swollman# Use these sources in preference to Shanks. 1117121098Swollman# 1118121098Swollman# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1119121098Swollman# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1120121098Swollman# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 112114343Swollman 11222742Swollman############################################################################### 11232742Swollman 112458787Sru 11252742Swollman# Fiji 11262742Swollman 112758787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 112858787Sru# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 112958787Sru# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 11302742Swollman 113143543Swollman# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 113243543Swollman# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 113375267Swollman# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 113443543Swollman# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 113543543Swollman 113658787Sru# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 113758787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 113858787Sru 113943543Swollman# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 114043543Swollman# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 114143543Swollman# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 114243543Swollman# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 114343543Swollman# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 114443543Swollman# millenium. 114543543Swollman 114675267Swollman# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 114775267Swollman# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 114858787Sru 114914343Swollman# Johnston 115014343Swollman 115114343Swollman# Johnston data is from usno1995. 115214343Swollman 115358787Sru 115417200Swollman# Kiribati 115517200Swollman 115617200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 115717200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 115817200Swollman# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 115917200Swollman# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 116017200Swollman 116158787Sru 11622742Swollman# Kwajalein 11632742Swollman 11642742Swollman# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 11652742Swollman# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 116619878Swollman# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 11672742Swollman# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 11682742Swollman# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 11692742Swollman 117058787Sru 117114343Swollman# N Mariana Is, Guam 11722742Swollman 117358787Sru# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 11742742Swollman# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 11752742Swollman# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 117675267Swollman# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 117775267Swollman# see Asia/Manila. 117814343Swollman 117975267Swollman# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 118075267Swollman# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 118175267Swollman# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 118275267Swollman# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 118358787Sru 118475267Swollman 118517200Swollman# Micronesia 118617200Swollman 1187149514Swollman# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 118817200Swollman# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 118917200Swollman# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 119017200Swollman# 119158787Sru# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01; 119217200Swollman# ignore this for now. 119317200Swollman 119458787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 119558787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 119658787Sru# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 119758787Sru# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 119858787Sru# </a> (1999-01-26) 119958787Sru# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 120058787Sru# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 120158787Sru 120258787Sru 1203121098Swollman# Midway 1204121098Swollman 1205121098Swollman# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1206121098Swollman# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1207121098Swollman# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1208121098Swollman# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1209121098Swollman# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1210121098Swollman# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1211121098Swollman# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1212121098Swollman# air at 6am your time. 1213121098Swollman# 1214121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1215121098Swollman# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1216121098Swollman# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1217121098Swollman# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1218121098Swollman 1219121098Swollman 122058787Sru# Pitcairn 122158787Sru 122258787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 122358787Sru# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 122458787Sru# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 122558787Sru# 122658787Sru# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 122758787Sru# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 122858787Sru# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 122958787Sru# 123058787Sru# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 123158787Sru# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 123258787Sru# somehow in light of this proclamation. 123358787Sru 123458787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 123558787Sru# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 123658787Sru# ... at midnight. 123758787Sru 123858787Sru# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 123958787Sru# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 124058787Sru# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 124158787Sru# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 124258787Sru 124358787Sru 124414343Swollman# Samoa 124514343Swollman 124658787Sru# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 124758787Sru# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 124814343Swollman# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 124914343Swollman# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 125014343Swollman# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 125117200Swollman 125258787Sru 125317200Swollman# Tonga 125417200Swollman 125517200Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 125617200Swollman# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 125717200Swollman# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 125817200Swollman# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 125958787Sru 126058787Sru# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 126158787Sru# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 126258787Sru# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 126358787Sru# </a>: 126458787Sru 126558787Sru# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 126658787Sru# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 126758787Sru# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 126858787Sru# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 126958787Sru# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 127058787Sru# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 127158787Sru# 127258787Sru# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 127358787Sru# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 127458787Sru# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 127558787Sru# 127658787Sru# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 127758787Sru# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 127858787Sru# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 127958787Sru# minutes we have lost?" 128058787Sru# 128158787Sru# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 128258787Sru# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 128358787Sru# to say your prayers in the morning." 128458787Sru 128558787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12): 128658787Sru# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 128758787Sru 128858787Sru# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 128958787Sru# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 129058787Sru# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 129158787Sru# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 129258787Sru# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 129358787Sru# Government. 129458787Sru 1295149514Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 129658787Sru# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 129775267Swollman# 1298149514Swollman# I was given this link by John Letts: 129958787Sru# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 130058787Sru# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 130158787Sru# </a> 130275267Swollman# 130358787Sru# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 130458787Sru# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 130558787Sru# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 130658787Sru# (12 + 1 hour DST). 130758787Sru 1308149514Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 130958787Sru# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 131058787Sru# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 131158787Sru# </a>: 131275267Swollman# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 131375267Swollman# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 131475267Swollman# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 131575267Swollman# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 131658787Sru# set back an hour on the closing date." 131758787Sru# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 131858787Sru 131958787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 132058787Sru# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 132158787Sru# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 132258787Sru 132375267Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 132475267Swollman# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 132575267Swollman# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 132675267Swollman# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 132775267Swollman# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 132875267Swollman# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 132975267Swollman# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 133058787Sru 133175267Swollman# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 133275267Swollman# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 133375267Swollman 133493799Swollman# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 133593799Swollman# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 133693799Swollman# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 133793799Swollman# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 133893799Swollman# hour to 1:00am. 133986222Swollman 1340114173Swollman# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1341114173Swollman# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 134286222Swollman 1343121098Swollman 1344121098Swollman# Wake 1345121098Swollman 1346121098Swollman# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1347121098Swollman# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1348121098Swollman# 1349121098Swollman# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1350121098Swollman# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1351121098Swollman# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1352121098Swollman# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1353121098Swollman# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1354121098Swollman# impossible. 1355121098Swollman# 1356121098Swollman# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1357121098Swollman 1358121098Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1359121098Swollman# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1360121098Swollman 136158787Sru############################################################################### 136258787Sru 136358787Sru# The International Date Line 136458787Sru 136558787Sru# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 136675267Swollman# 136758787Sru# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 136858787Sru# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 136958787Sru# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 137058787Sru# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 137158787Sru# 137258787Sru# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 137358787Sru# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 137458787Sru# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 137558787Sru# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 137658787Sru# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 137758787Sru# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 137858787Sru# convention, but are not legally binding national borders. 137958787Sru# 138058787Sru# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that 138158787Sru# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at 138258787Sru# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is 138358787Sru# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 138458787Sru# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 138558787Sru# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 138658787Sru# correct date is ambiguous. 1387149514Swollman 1388149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1389149514Swollman# (2005-03-20): 1390149514Swollman# 1391149514Swollman# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1392149514Swollman# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1393149514Swollman# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1394149514Swollman# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1395