asia revision 273438
1192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 364499Swollman 42742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 52742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6243020Sedwin# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 72742Swollman 8257682Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 92742Swollman# 102742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 12158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 132742Swollman# 1486222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 1520094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 1620094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1720094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 1820094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 1920094Swollman# 20158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 21158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 2220094Swollman# 232742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 242742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 252742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 262742Swollman# 27248310Sedwin# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28248310Sedwin# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 29248310Sedwin# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 30248310Sedwin# 312742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 3258787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 332742Swollman# 34273438Sdelphij# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 352742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 362742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 37114173Swollman# std dst 38114173Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 39114173Swollman# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 40114173Swollman# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 41114173Swollman# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 42114173Swollman# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 43114173Swollman# 4:00 GST Gulf* 44114173Swollman# 5:30 IST India 45114173Swollman# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 46257682Sedwin# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 47257682Sedwin# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 48114173Swollman# 8:00 CST China 49273438Sdelphij# 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)* 50273438Sdelphij# 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937) 51257682Sedwin# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 52149590Swollman# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 53149590Swollman# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 54273438Sdelphij# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 552742Swollman# 56273438Sdelphij# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 572742Swollman 582742Swollman# From Guy Harris: 592742Swollman# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 602742Swollman# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 612742Swollman# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 622742Swollman# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 632742Swollman 642742Swollman############################################################################### 652742Swollman 66273438Sdelphij# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 672742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6820094SwollmanRule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 69158421SwollmanRule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 7020094SwollmanRule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 7120094SwollmanRule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 7220094SwollmanRule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 7320094SwollmanRule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 7420094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 7520094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 7620094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 7720094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 7820094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 7920094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 8020094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 8120094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 8220094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 832742Swollman 842742Swollman# Afghanistan 852742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 862742SwollmanZone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 8719878Swollman 4:00 - AFT 1945 882742Swollman 4:30 - AFT 892742Swollman 902742Swollman# Armenia 91158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 92158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 93158421Swollman# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 94158421Swollman# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 95158421Swollman# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 96153670Swollman# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 9743014Swollman# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 9843014Swollman# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 9943014Swollman# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 100233447Sedwin 101233447Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 102233447Sedwin# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 103233447Sedwin# follow Russia's "old" rules. 104233447Sedwin 105233447Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 106233447Sedwin# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 107233447Sedwin# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 108240461Sedwin# 109233447Sedwin# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 110233447Sedwin# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 111233447Sedwin# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 112233447Sedwin# or 113233447Sedwin# (brief) 114233447Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 1152742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1162742SwollmanZone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 11719878Swollman 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 11819878Swollman 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 11919878Swollman 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 12058787Sru 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 12143014Swollman 4:00 - AMT 1997 122233447Sedwin 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s 123233447Sedwin 4:00 - AMT 1242742Swollman 1252742Swollman# Azerbaijan 126153670Swollman# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 127153670Swollman# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 128153670Swollman# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 12943014Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 130153670SwollmanRule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 131153670SwollmanRule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 1322742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1332742SwollmanZone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 13419878Swollman 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 13519878Swollman 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 13619878Swollman 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 137149514Swollman 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 13820094Swollman 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 13943014Swollman 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 14043014Swollman 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 1412742Swollman 1422742Swollman# Bahrain 1432742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144273438SdelphijZone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Manamah 1452742Swollman 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 1462742Swollman 3:00 - AST 1472742Swollman 1482742Swollman# Bangladesh 149193785Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 150193785Sedwin# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 151193785Sedwin# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 152193785Sedwin# 153193785Sedwin# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 154193785Sedwin# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 155193785Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 156193785Sedwin# 157193785Sedwin# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 158193785Sedwin# June 159193785Sedwin# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 160193785Sedwin# crippling power crisis. " 161193785Sedwin# 162193785Sedwin# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 163193785Sedwin# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 164193785Sedwin 165193785Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 166193785Sedwin# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 167193785Sedwin# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 168193785Sedwin# 169193785Sedwin# Some sources: 170193785Sedwin# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 171193785Sedwin# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 172193785Sedwin# 173193785Sedwin# Our wrap-up: 174193785Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 175193785Sedwin 176194485Sedwin# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 177240461Sedwin# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 178240461Sedwin# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 179240461Sedwin# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 180194485Sedwin# 181194485Sedwin# No DST end date has been announced yet. 182193785Sedwin 183198270Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 184240461Sedwin# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 185240461Sedwin# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 186198270Sedwin# 187198270Sedwin# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 188198270Sedwin# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 189198270Sedwin# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 190198270Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 191196581Sedwin 192198270Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 193198270Sedwin# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 194240461Sedwin# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 195240461Sedwin# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 196198270Sedwin# "continue for an indefinite period." 197198270Sedwin# 198198270Sedwin# One of many places where it is published: 199198270Sedwin# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 200198270Sedwin 201201189Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 202201189Sedwin# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 203201189Sedwin# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 204201189Sedwin# 205201189Sedwin# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 206201189Sedwin# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 207201189Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 208201189Sedwin# 209201189Sedwin# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 210201189Sedwin# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 211201189Sedwin# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 212201189Sedwin# Minister's Office last night..." 213201189Sedwin 214206219Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 215206219Sedwin# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 216240461Sedwin# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 217206219Sedwin# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 218206219Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 219204887Sedwin 220201189Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 221202606SedwinRule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 222204887SedwinRule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 - 223201189Sedwin 2242742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 22575267SwollmanZone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 22619878Swollman 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 22719878Swollman 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 2282742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 22919878Swollman 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 23019878Swollman 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 231201189Sedwin 6:00 - BDT 2009 232201189Sedwin 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 2332742Swollman 2342742Swollman# Bhutan 2352742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 23667578SwollmanZone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 2372742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 23819878Swollman 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 2392742Swollman 2402742Swollman# British Indian Ocean Territory 24186222Swollman# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 24286222Swollman# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 243149514Swollman# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 244149514Swollman# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 245149514Swollman# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 2462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 247149514SwollmanZone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 248149514Swollman 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 24986222Swollman 6:00 - IOT 2502742Swollman 2512742Swollman# Brunei 2522742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2532742SwollmanZone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 2542742Swollman 7:30 - BNT 1933 2552742Swollman 8:00 - BNT 2562742Swollman 25714343Swollman# Burma / Myanmar 258248310Sedwin 259248310Sedwin# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 260248310Sedwin 2612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26217200SwollmanZone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 263248310Sedwin 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 26419878Swollman 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 2652742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 26619878Swollman 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 2672742Swollman 2682742Swollman# Cambodia 2692742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2702742SwollmanZone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 27119878Swollman 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 2722742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 2732742Swollman 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 2742742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 2752742Swollman 27643014Swollman# China 2772742Swollman 2782742Swollman# From Guy Harris: 2792742Swollman# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 2802742Swollman 28119878Swollman# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 28219878Swollman# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 2832742Swollman# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 284273438Sdelphij# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 285273438Sdelphij# has two of 'em - Peking's and ��r��mqi (named after the capital of 28693799Swollman# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 2872742Swollman# 2882742Swollman# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 289273438Sdelphij# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 2902742Swollman# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 2912742Swollman# 2922742Swollman# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 2932742Swollman# 1987 mid-April - ?? 2942742Swollman 29519878Swollman# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 2962742Swollman# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 2972742Swollman# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 2982742Swollman 299273438Sdelphij# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 300273438Sdelphij# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 301273438Sdelphij# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 302273438Sdelphij# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 3032742Swollman 304273438Sdelphij# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 305273438Sdelphij# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but 306273438Sdelphij# this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer 307273438Sdelphij# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so 308273438Sdelphij# go with them for DST rules as follows: 3092742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3102742SwollmanRule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 3112742SwollmanRule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 3122742SwollmanRule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 3132742SwollmanRule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 31414343SwollmanRule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 31514343SwollmanRule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 316163302Sru 31793799Swollman# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 31893799Swollman# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 31993799Swollman# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 320163302Sru# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 321169811Swollman# 322273438Sdelphij# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 323163302Sru# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 324163302Sru# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 325163302Sru# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 326163302Sru# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 327163302Sru# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 328163302Sru# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 329163302Sru# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 330163302Sru# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 331163302Sru# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 332163302Sru 333273438Sdelphij# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 334273438Sdelphij# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 335181421Sedwin# 336273438Sdelphij# (1) 337273438Sdelphij# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 338273438Sdelphij# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 339273438Sdelphij# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 340273438Sdelphij# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, ������������������), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003) 341273438Sdelphij# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 342273438Sdelphij# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 343273438Sdelphij# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 344273438Sdelphij# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 345273438Sdelphij# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 346273438Sdelphij# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 347273438Sdelphij# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 348273438Sdelphij# could well have ignored any such mandate. 349181421Sedwin# 350273438Sdelphij# (2) 351273438Sdelphij# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 352273438Sdelphij# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 353273438Sdelphij# [undated and unknown publication location] 354273438Sdelphij# It says several things: 355273438Sdelphij# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 356273438Sdelphij# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 357273438Sdelphij# the official calendar book of 1914. 358273438Sdelphij# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 359273438Sdelphij# French docks in the 1890s, controled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 360273438Sdelphij# Obervatory and set to local mean time. 361273438Sdelphij# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 362273438Sdelphij# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 363273438Sdelphij# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 364273438Sdelphij# became used by railways as well. 365273438Sdelphij# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 366273438Sdelphij# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 367273438Sdelphij# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 368273438Sdelphij# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 369273438Sdelphij# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 370273438Sdelphij# Japanese-occupied territory. 371273438Sdelphij# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 372273438Sdelphij# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 373273438Sdelphij# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 374273438Sdelphij# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 375273438Sdelphij# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 376273438Sdelphij# 377273438Sdelphij# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 378273438Sdelphij# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 379273438Sdelphij# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 380273438Sdelphij# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 381273438Sdelphij# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8. 382273438Sdelphij# 383273438Sdelphij# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 384273438Sdelphij# this was based on what was apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 385273438Sdelphij# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 386273438Sdelphij# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 387273438Sdelphij# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 388273438Sdelphij# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 389273438Sdelphij# 390273438Sdelphij# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5 391273438Sdelphij# Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 392163302Sru# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 393273438Sdelphij# 394273438Sdelphij# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8 395273438Sdelphij# Asia/Shanghai 396163302Sru# most of China 397273438Sdelphij# This currently represents most other zones as well, 398273438Sdelphij# as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970. 399273438Sdelphij# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 400273438Sdelphij# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century". 401273438Sdelphij# 402273438Sdelphij# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7 403273438Sdelphij# Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 404163302Sru# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 405163302Sru# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 406163302Sru# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 407163302Sru# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 408273438Sdelphij# 409273438Sdelphij# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6 410273438Sdelphij# Asia/Urumqi 411273438Sdelphij# This currently represents Kunlun Time as well, 412273438Sdelphij# as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970. 413163302Sru# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 414163302Sru# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 415163302Sru# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 416163302Sru# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 417273438Sdelphij# east Xinjiang, including ��r��mqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 418163302Sru# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 419163302Sru# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 420163302Sru# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 421273438Sdelphij# 422273438Sdelphij# Kunlun Time UT+5.5 423273438Sdelphij# Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi) 424163302Sru# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 425163302Sru# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 426163302Sru# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 427163302Sru# and Yarkand. 428200835Sedwin 429200835Sedwin# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 430200835Sedwin# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 431200835Sedwin# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 432200835Sedwin# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 433200835Sedwin# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 434200835Sedwin# they implicitly use Beijing time. 435200835Sedwin# 436200835Sedwin# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 437200835Sedwin# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 438200835Sedwin# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 439200835Sedwin# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 440273438Sdelphij# local governments such as the ��r��mqi city government use both times in 441200835Sedwin# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 442273438Sdelphij# "��r��mqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 443200835Sedwin# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 444200835Sedwin# 445200835Sedwin# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 446200835Sedwin# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 447200835Sedwin# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 448200835Sedwin# 449200835Sedwin# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 450200835Sedwin# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 451200835Sedwin# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 452200835Sedwin# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 453200835Sedwin# others moving their clocks ahead.) 454200835Sedwin 455200835Sedwin# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 456200835Sedwin# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 457200835Sedwin# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 458200835Sedwin# 459200835Sedwin# 1. Wulumuqi... 460200835Sedwin# 2. Kashi... 461200835Sedwin# 3. Urumqi... 462200835Sedwin# 4. Kashgar... 463200835Sedwin# ... 464273438Sdelphij# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in ��r��mqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 465200835Sedwin# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 466200835Sedwin# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 467200835Sedwin# 468200835Sedwin# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 469200835Sedwin# start date for Xinjiang time. 470200835Sedwin# 471200835Sedwin# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 472200835Sedwin# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 473200835Sedwin# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 474200835Sedwin# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 475200835Sedwin 476273438Sdelphij# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 477273438Sdelphij# Just a confirmation that ��r��mqi time was implemented in ��r��mqi on 1 Feb 1986: 478273438Sdelphij# http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 479273438Sdelphij 480273438Sdelphij# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 481273438Sdelphij# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 482273438Sdelphij# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 483273438Sdelphij# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 484273438Sdelphij# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 485273438Sdelphij# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 486273438Sdelphij# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka ��r��mqi Time or local time; 487273438Sdelphij# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 488273438Sdelphij# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 489273438Sdelphij# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 490273438Sdelphij# problem is that computers and smart phones list ��r��mqi (or Kashgar) as 491273438Sdelphij# having the same time as Beijing. 492273438Sdelphij 493273438Sdelphij# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 494273438Sdelphij# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but 495273438Sdelphij# this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Kh��tsun, 496273438Sdelphij# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 497273438Sdelphij# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 498273438Sdelphij# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 499273438Sdelphij# 500273438Sdelphij# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 501273438Sdelphij# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 502273438Sdelphij# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 503273438Sdelphij# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 504273438Sdelphij# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dyansty, 505273438Sdelphij# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 506273438Sdelphij# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 507273438Sdelphij# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 508273438Sdelphij# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 509273438Sdelphij# XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 510273438Sdelphij# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 511273438Sdelphij# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before 512273438Sdelphij# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and 513273438Sdelphij# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 514273438Sdelphij# UT+8 mandate back then. 515273438Sdelphij 516273438Sdelphij# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 517273438Sdelphij# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 518273438SdelphijZone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 519273438Sdelphij 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 52014343Swollman 8:00 PRC C%sT 521273438Sdelphij# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by ��r��mqi / ��r��mchi 522273438Sdelphij# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 523273438SdelphijZone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 524273438Sdelphij 6:00 - XJT 52593799Swollman 526198825Sedwin 527248310Sedwin# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 528248310Sedwin 529248310Sedwin# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 530248310Sedwin 531198825Sedwin# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 532200835Sedwin# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 533200835Sedwin# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 534198825Sedwin# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 535198825Sedwin# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 536198825Sedwin# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 537198825Sedwin# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 538198825Sedwin# obtained from 539198825Sedwin# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 540198825Sedwin 541198825Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 542198825Sedwin# Here are the dates given at 543198825Sedwin# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 544198825Sedwin# as of 2009-10-28: 545198825Sedwin# Year Period 546198825Sedwin# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 547240461Sedwin# 1942 Whole year 548198825Sedwin# 1943 Whole year 549198825Sedwin# 1944 Whole year 550198825Sedwin# 1945 Whole year 551198825Sedwin# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 552198825Sedwin# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 553198825Sedwin# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 554198825Sedwin# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 555198825Sedwin# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 556198825Sedwin# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 557198825Sedwin# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 558198825Sedwin# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 559198825Sedwin# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 560198825Sedwin# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 561198825Sedwin# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 562198825Sedwin# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 563198825Sedwin# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 564198825Sedwin# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 565198825Sedwin# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 566198825Sedwin# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 567198825Sedwin# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 568198825Sedwin# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 569198825Sedwin# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 570198825Sedwin# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 571198825Sedwin# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 572198825Sedwin# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 573198825Sedwin# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 574198825Sedwin# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 575198825Sedwin# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 576198825Sedwin# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 577198825Sedwin# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 578198825Sedwin# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 579198825Sedwin# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 580198825Sedwin# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 581198825Sedwin# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 582198825Sedwin# 1977 Nil 583198825Sedwin# 1978 Nil 584198825Sedwin# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 585198825Sedwin# 1980 to Now Nil 586198825Sedwin# The page does not give start or end times of day. 587198825Sedwin# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 588198825Sedwin# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 589198825Sedwin# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 590198825Sedwin# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 591198825Sedwin# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 592198825Sedwin 5932742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 594198825SedwinRule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 595198825SedwinRule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 5962742SwollmanRule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 5972742SwollmanRule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 5982742SwollmanRule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 5992742SwollmanRule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 6002742SwollmanRule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 601198825SedwinRule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 602198825SedwinRule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 6032742SwollmanRule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 6042742SwollmanRule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 6052742SwollmanRule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 6062742SwollmanRule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 6072742SwollmanRule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 608213312SedwinRule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 609213312SedwinRule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 610198825SedwinRule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 611198825SedwinRule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 612198825SedwinRule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 6132742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 614248310SedwinZone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 615198825Sedwin 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 616198825Sedwin 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 61758787Sru 8:00 HK HK%sT 6182742Swollman 61930711Swollman############################################################################### 62030711Swollman 62143014Swollman# Taiwan 62230711Swollman 623206868Sedwin# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 624273438Sdelphij# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 625206868Sedwin# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 626206868Sedwin# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 627206868Sedwin 628273438Sdelphij# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 629273438Sdelphij# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 630273438Sdelphij# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 631273438Sdelphij# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 632273438Sdelphij# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 633273438Sdelphij# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 634273438Sdelphij# found on Wikisource: 635273438Sdelphij# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/������������������������_(���������) 636273438Sdelphij# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 637273438Sdelphij# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 638273438Sdelphij# declared officially. 639273438Sdelphij# 640273438Sdelphij# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 641273438Sdelphij# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 642273438Sdelphij# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 643273438Sdelphij# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 644273438Sdelphij# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 645273438Sdelphij# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 646273438Sdelphij# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 647273438Sdelphij# be found on Wikisource: 648273438Sdelphij# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 649273438Sdelphij# 650273438Sdelphij# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 651206868Sedwin 652273438Sdelphij# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 653273438Sdelphij# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9 654273438Sdelphij# back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 655273438Sdelphij# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 656273438Sdelphij# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another 657273438Sdelphij# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 658273438Sdelphij# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 659273438Sdelphij# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 660273438Sdelphij# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 661273438Sdelphij# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 662273438Sdelphij# that: 663273438Sdelphij# 664273438Sdelphij# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 665273438Sdelphij# the time at 135E (GMT+9) 666273438Sdelphij# 667273438Sdelphij# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 668273438Sdelphij# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 669273438Sdelphij# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 670273438Sdelphij# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 671273438Sdelphij# 672273438Sdelphij# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 673273438Sdelphij# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 674273438Sdelphij# Time. 675273438Sdelphij# 676273438Sdelphij# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 677273438Sdelphij# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 678273438Sdelphij# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 679273438Sdelphij# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 680273438Sdelphij# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 681273438Sdelphij# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 682273438Sdelphij 683273438Sdelphij# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 684273438Sdelphij# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 685273438Sdelphij# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 686273438Sdelphij# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 687273438Sdelphij# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 688273438Sdelphij# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 689273438Sdelphij# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 690273438Sdelphij# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 691273438Sdelphij# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 692273438Sdelphij# would be a good one. 693273438Sdelphij# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 694273438Sdelphij# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 695273438Sdelphij 696273438Sdelphij# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 697273438Sdelphij# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 698273438Sdelphij# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 699273438Sdelphij# 700273438Sdelphij# Original Bulletin: 701273438Sdelphij# <http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF> 702273438Sdelphij# <http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0> (cont.) 703273438Sdelphij# 704273438Sdelphij# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 705273438Sdelphij# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 706273438Sdelphij# 707273438Sdelphij# <http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431> 708273438Sdelphij# 709273438Sdelphij# Here is a brief translation: 710273438Sdelphij# 711273438Sdelphij# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 712273438Sdelphij# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 713273438Sdelphij# adption till Oct 31 midnight. 714273438Sdelphij# 715273438Sdelphij# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 716273438Sdelphij# be found from historical government announcement database. 717273438Sdelphij 718273438Sdelphij# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 719273438Sdelphij# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01 720273438Sdelphij# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 721273438Sdelphij# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 722273438Sdelphij 72330711Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 724273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 725273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 726273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 727273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 728273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 729273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 73030711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 73130711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 73230711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 73330711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 73430711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 73530711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 73630711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 737273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 738273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 739206868Sedwin 74030711Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 741273438Sdelphij# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 742273438SdelphijZone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 743273438Sdelphij 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1 744273438Sdelphij 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 01:00 74530711Swollman 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 74630711Swollman 74793799Swollman# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 7482742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 74993799SwollmanRule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 75093799SwollmanRule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 75193799SwollmanRule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 75293799SwollmanRule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 75393799SwollmanRule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 75493799SwollmanRule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 75593799SwollmanRule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 75693799SwollmanRule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 75793799SwollmanRule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 75893799SwollmanRule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 75993799SwollmanRule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 76093799SwollmanRule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 76193799SwollmanRule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 76293799SwollmanRule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 7632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 76493799SwollmanZone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 76593799Swollman 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 76619878Swollman 8:00 PRC C%sT 7672742Swollman 7682742Swollman 7692742Swollman############################################################################### 7702742Swollman 7712742Swollman# Cyprus 772248310Sedwin# 773248310Sedwin# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 774248310Sedwin# 7752742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 77619878SwollmanRule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 7772742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 77819878SwollmanRule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 7792742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 78019878SwollmanRule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 7812742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 7822742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 78343543SwollmanRule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 78443543SwollmanRule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 7852742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7862742SwollmanZone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 78743543Swollman 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 78858787Sru 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 78943543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 7902742Swollman 79167578Swollman# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 79267578Swollman# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 79367578SwollmanLink Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 79467578Swollman 7952742Swollman# Georgia 796149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 7979908Swollman# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 7989908Swollman# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 7999908Swollman# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 80014343Swollman# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 80114343Swollman# 802149514Swollman# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 80320094Swollman# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 80420094Swollman# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 80520094Swollman# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 806136638Swollman# 807136638Swollman# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 808149514Swollman# 809136638Swollman# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 810136638Swollman# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 811136638Swollman# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 812136638Swollman# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 813273438Sdelphij# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 814136638Swollman# of integration into Europe. 815136638Swollman 816153670Swollman# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 817153670Swollman# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 818153670Swollman# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 819153670Swollman# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 820153670Swollman# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 821153670Swollman# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 822153670Swollman# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 823153670Swollman# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 824153670Swollman# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 825153670Swollman 826273438Sdelphij# Milne says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7; round to nearest.) 827153670Swollman 8282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 829273438SdelphijZone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:06 - LMT 1880 830273438Sdelphij 2:59:06 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 83119878Swollman 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 83219878Swollman 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 83319878Swollman 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 83420094Swollman 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 83520094Swollman 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 83620094Swollman 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 83743543Swollman 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 838136638Swollman 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 839153670Swollman 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 840153670Swollman 4:00 - GET 8412742Swollman 84258787Sru# East Timor 84375267Swollman 844169811Swollman# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 845169811Swollman 846273438Sdelphij# From Jo��o Carrascal��o, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 84775267Swollman# East Timor may be late for its millennium 848273438Sdelphij# <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 84975267Swollman# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 85075267Swollman# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 85175267Swollman# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 85275267Swollman# conflicts with their way of life. 85375267Swollman 85475267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 85575267Swollman# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 85675267Swollman# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 85775267Swollman 85875267Swollman# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 859273438Sdelphij# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 860273438Sdelphij# (2000-08-16): 86175267Swollman# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 86275267Swollman# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 86375267Swollman# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 86475267Swollman# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 86575267Swollman 86658787Sru# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 86758787SruZone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 868149514Swollman 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 869169811Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 870149514Swollman 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 871257682Sedwin 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 00:00 872149514Swollman 9:00 - TLT 87358787Sru 8742742Swollman# India 8752742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 876177591SedwinZone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 87719878Swollman 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 87819878Swollman 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 8792742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 8802742Swollman 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 8812742Swollman 5:30 - IST 882177591Sedwin# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 8832742Swollman# Andaman Is 8842742Swollman# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 8852742Swollman# Nicobar Is 8862742Swollman 8872742Swollman# Indonesia 88886222Swollman# 889158421Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 89086222Swollman# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 89186222Swollman# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 89286222Swollman# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 89386222Swollman# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 89486222Swollman# 895169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 896169811Swollman# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 897169811Swollman# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 898169811Swollman# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 899169811Swollman# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 900169811Swollman# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 901169811Swollman# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 902273438Sdelphij# R��gimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (��ditions 903169811Swollman# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 904169811Swollman# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 905169811Swollman# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 906169811Swollman# switched on 1945-09-23. 907169811Swollman# 908257682Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 909257682Sedwin# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 910257682Sedwin# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 911257682Sedwin# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 912257682Sedwin# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 913257682Sedwin# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 914257682Sedwin# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 915257682Sedwin# The abbreviations are: 916257682Sedwin# 917257682Sedwin# WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 918257682Sedwin# WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 919257682Sedwin# WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 920257682Sedwin# 9212742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 922257682Sedwin# Java, Sumatra 9232742SwollmanZone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 924158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 92558787Sru# but this must be a typo. 926257682Sedwin 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 92719878Swollman 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 928257682Sedwin 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23 929169811Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 930257682Sedwin 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 931257682Sedwin 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 932257682Sedwin 7:30 - WIB 1964 933257682Sedwin 7:00 - WIB 934257682Sedwin# west and central Borneo 93586222SwollmanZone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 93686222Swollman 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 937257682Sedwin 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29 938169811Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 939257682Sedwin 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 940257682Sedwin 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 941257682Sedwin 7:30 - WIB 1964 942257682Sedwin 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 943257682Sedwin 7:00 - WIB 944257682Sedwin# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 94593799SwollmanZone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 94619878Swollman 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 947257682Sedwin 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9 948169811Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 949257682Sedwin 8:00 - WITA 950257682Sedwin# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 9512742SwollmanZone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 952257682Sedwin 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1 953273438Sdelphij 9:30 - ACST 1964 954257682Sedwin 9:00 - WIT 9552742Swollman 9562742Swollman# Iran 957114173Swollman 958114173Swollman# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 959114173Swollman# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 960114173Swollman# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 96121217Swollman# 962114173Swollman# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 963114173Swollman# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 96421217Swollman# 965114173Swollman# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 966114173Swollman# 967114173Swollman# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 968114173Swollman# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 969114173Swollman# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 970114173Swollman# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 971114173Swollman# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 972114173Swollman# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 973114173Swollman# 974114173Swollman# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 975114173Swollman# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 976114173Swollman# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 977114173Swollman# Shahrivar. 978114173Swollman# 979114173Swollman# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 980114173Swollman# 981114173Swollman# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 982114173Swollman# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 983114173Swollman# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 984114173Swollman# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 985114173Swollman# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 986114173Swollman# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 987149514Swollman# 988149514Swollman# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 989149514Swollman# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 990149514Swollman# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 991149514Swollman# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 992149514Swollman# plan to change that law.... 993149514Swollman# 994158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 995158421Swollman# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 996149514Swollman# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 997149514Swollman# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 998149514Swollman# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 999149514Swollman# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 100021217Swollman# 1001149514Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1002149514Swollman# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1003149514Swollman# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1004149514Swollman# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1005149514Swollman# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1006149514Swollman# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1007149514Swollman# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1008149514Swollman# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1009149514Swollman# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1010149514Swollman# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1011149514Swollman# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1012149514Swollman# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1013149514Swollman# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1014149514Swollman# 1015158421Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1016158421Swollman# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1017158421Swollman# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1018158421Swollman# 1019273438Sdelphij# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper N��rgaard Welen: 1020172479Sedwin# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1021172479Sedwin# daylight saving time ... 1022172479Sedwin# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1023172479Sedwin# 1024174242Sedwin# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1025174242Sedwin# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1026174242Sedwin# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1027174242Sedwin# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1028174242Sedwin# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1029174242Sedwin# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1030174242Sedwin# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1031174242Sedwin# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1032174242Sedwin# 10332742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1034114173SwollmanRule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1035114173SwollmanRule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 1036114173SwollmanRule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 1037114173SwollmanRule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 1038114173SwollmanRule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 1039114173SwollmanRule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1040114173SwollmanRule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1041114173SwollmanRule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1042114173SwollmanRule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1043114173SwollmanRule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1044114173SwollmanRule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1045114173SwollmanRule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1046114173SwollmanRule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1047114173SwollmanRule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1048114173SwollmanRule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1049114173SwollmanRule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1050114173SwollmanRule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1051158421SwollmanRule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1052158421SwollmanRule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1053172479SedwinRule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1054172479SedwinRule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1055172479SedwinRule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1056172479SedwinRule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1057172479SedwinRule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1058172479SedwinRule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1059172479SedwinRule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1060172479SedwinRule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1061172479SedwinRule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1062172479SedwinRule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1063172479SedwinRule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1064172479SedwinRule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1065172479SedwinRule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1066172479SedwinRule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1067172479SedwinRule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1068172479SedwinRule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1069172479SedwinRule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1070172479SedwinRule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1071172479SedwinRule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1072172479SedwinRule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1073172479SedwinRule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1074172479SedwinRule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1075172479SedwinRule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1076172479SedwinRule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1077172479SedwinRule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1078172479SedwinRule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1079172479SedwinRule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1080172479SedwinRule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1081172479SedwinRule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1082172479SedwinRule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 10832742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10842742SwollmanZone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 108519878Swollman 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1086114173Swollman 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 108719878Swollman 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 108819878Swollman 3:30 Iran IR%sT 10892742Swollman 109064499Swollman 10912742Swollman# Iraq 109264499Swollman# 1093149514Swollman# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 109464499Swollman# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 109575267Swollman# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 109664499Swollman# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 109764499Swollman# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 109864499Swollman# 109964499Swollman# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 110064499Swollman# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 110164499Swollman# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 110264499Swollman# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 110364499Swollman# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 110464499Swollman# 110564499Swollman# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 110664499Swollman 1107177591Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1108177591Sedwin# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1109177591Sedwin# news sources (in Arabic): 1110177591Sedwin# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1111177591Sedwin# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1112177591Sedwin# 1113177591Sedwin# We have published a short article in English about the change: 1114177591Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1115177591Sedwin 11162742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11172742SwollmanRule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 11182742SwollmanRule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 11192742SwollmanRule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 11202742SwollmanRule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 112120094SwollmanRule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 112220094SwollmanRule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 1123273438Sdelphij# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1124158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1125169811Swollman# 1126177591SedwinRule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 1127177591SedwinRule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 11282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11292742SwollmanZone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 113019878Swollman 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 11312742Swollman 3:00 - AST 1982 May 11322742Swollman 3:00 Iraq A%sT 11332742Swollman 11342742Swollman 11352742Swollman############################################################################### 11362742Swollman 11372742Swollman# Israel 11382742Swollman 113975267Swollman# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 114075267Swollman# 114175267Swollman# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 114275267Swollman# different abbreviations in use: 114375267Swollman# 114475267Swollman# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 114575267Swollman# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 114675267Swollman# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 114775267Swollman# 114875267Swollman# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 114975267Swollman# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 115075267Swollman# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 115175267Swollman# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 115275267Swollman# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 115375267Swollman# settings in Israeli computers. 115475267Swollman# 115575267Swollman# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 115675267Swollman# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 115775267Swollman# family is from India). 11582742Swollman 1159158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 11602742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11612742SwollmanRule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 11622742SwollmanRule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 11632742SwollmanRule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 11642742SwollmanRule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 11652742SwollmanRule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 11662742SwollmanRule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 11672742SwollmanRule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 11682742SwollmanRule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 11692742SwollmanRule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 11702742SwollmanRule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 11712742SwollmanRule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 11722742SwollmanRule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 11732742SwollmanRule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 11742742SwollmanRule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 11752742SwollmanRule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 11762742SwollmanRule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 11772742SwollmanRule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 11782742SwollmanRule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 11792742SwollmanRule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 11802742SwollmanRule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 11812742SwollmanRule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 11822742SwollmanRule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 11832742SwollmanRule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 11842742SwollmanRule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 11852742SwollmanRule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 11862742SwollmanRule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 11872742SwollmanRule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 11882742SwollmanRule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 11892742SwollmanRule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 11902742SwollmanRule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 11912742SwollmanRule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 11922742SwollmanRule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 11932742SwollmanRule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 11942742SwollmanRule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 11952742SwollmanRule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 11962742SwollmanRule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 11972742SwollmanRule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 11982742SwollmanRule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 11992742Swollman 1200263042Sedwin# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1201263042Sedwin# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1202263042Sedwin# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1203263042Sedwin# ends and changes to Sunday. 1204263042SedwinRule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1205263042SedwinRule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1206263042Sedwin 1207149514Swollman# From Ephraim Silverberg 1208149514Swollman# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1209149514Swollman# and 2005-02-17): 121030711Swollman 12112742Swollman# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 12122742Swollman# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 121343543Swollman# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 121443543Swollman# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 121543543Swollman# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 121643543Swollman# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 121743543Swollman# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 121843543Swollman# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 121943543Swollman# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 122064499Swollman# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 122164499Swollman# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 122243543Swollman# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 122364499Swollman# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 122464499Swollman# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 122564499Swollman# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 122664499Swollman# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 122764499Swollman# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 122864499Swollman# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 122964499Swollman# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 123064499Swollman# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 123164499Swollman# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 123264499Swollman# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 12332742Swollman 12342742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 12352742SwollmanRule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 123619878SwollmanRule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 12372742SwollmanRule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 123819878SwollmanRule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 12392742SwollmanRule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 124019878SwollmanRule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 12412742SwollmanRule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 124219878SwollmanRule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 12432742SwollmanRule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 124419878SwollmanRule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 12452742Swollman 124614343Swollman# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 124714343Swollman# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 124830711Swollman# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 12492742Swollman 125075267Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 125119878SwollmanRule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 125219878SwollmanRule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 125319878SwollmanRule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 125419878SwollmanRule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 12552742Swollman 125630711Swollman# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 125730711Swollman# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 125843014Swollman# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 125914343Swollman# 1260149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 126114343Swollman# 126243014Swollman# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 126330711Swollman# 126458787Sru# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 126543014Swollman# 1266149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 126743014Swollman# 126858787Sru# where YYYY is the relevant year. 12699908Swollman 127014343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 127130711SwollmanRule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 127219878SwollmanRule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 127330711SwollmanRule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 127430711SwollmanRule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 127530711SwollmanRule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 127643014SwollmanRule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 127743543SwollmanRule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 127843543SwollmanRule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 127914343Swollman 128064499Swollman# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 128164499Swollman# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 128264499Swollman# years 2001-2004 as well. 128358787Sru# 128464499Swollman# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 128558787Sru# 1286149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 128764499Swollman# 128864499Swollman# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 128964499Swollman# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 129064499Swollman# 1291149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 129243014Swollman 129358787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 129458787SruRule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 129564499SwollmanRule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 129664499SwollmanRule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 129764499SwollmanRule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 129864499SwollmanRule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 129964499SwollmanRule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 130064499SwollmanRule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 130164499SwollmanRule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 130264499SwollmanRule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 130364499SwollmanRule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 130458787Sru 1305149514Swollman# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1306149514Swollman# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1307149514Swollman# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1308149514Swollman# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1309149514Swollman# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1310149514Swollman# 1311149514Swollman# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1312149514Swollman# 1313149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 131430711Swollman 1315242212Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1316149514Swollman# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1317149514Swollman# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1318149514Swollman# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1319242212Sedwin# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1320149514Swollman# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1321242212Sedwin# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1322149514Swollman# 1323242212Sedwin# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1324149514Swollman# 1325149514Swollman# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1326149514Swollman# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1327149514Swollman# springtime transitions explicitly. 1328149514Swollman 1329149514Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1330149514SwollmanRule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1331149514SwollmanRule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1332149514SwollmanRule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1333149514SwollmanRule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1334149514SwollmanRule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1335149514SwollmanRule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1336149514SwollmanRule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1337149514SwollmanRule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1338149514SwollmanRule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1339149514SwollmanRule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1340242212SedwinRule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1341149514SwollmanRule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1342149514Swollman 1343253010Sedwin# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1344253010Sedwin# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1345253010Sedwin# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1346253010Sedwin# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1347253010Sedwin# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1348242212Sedwin# 1349253010Sedwin# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1350253010Sedwin# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1351242212Sedwin 1352242212Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1353242212SedwinRule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1354253010SedwinRule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1355242212Sedwin 13562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1357253010SedwinZone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 135819878Swollman 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 13592742Swollman 2:00 Zion I%sT 13602742Swollman 13612742Swollman 1362105196Swollman 13632742Swollman############################################################################### 13642742Swollman 13652742Swollman# Japan 13662742Swollman 1367273438Sdelphij# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 13682742Swollman 1369149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 13709908Swollman# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1371273438Sdelphij# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1372273438Sdelphij# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1373149590Swollman 1374149590Swollman# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 1375149590Swollman# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 1376149590Swollman# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1377149590Swollman# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1378149590Swollman# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1379149590Swollman# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1380149590Swollman# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1381149590Swollman# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1382149590Swollman# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1383149590Swollman# wanted to keep it.) 1384149590Swollman 1385158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1386158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 13879908Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1388149590SwollmanRule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1389149590SwollmanRule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1390149590SwollmanRule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1391149590SwollmanRule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1392149590Swollman# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1393158421Swollman# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1394149590Swollman# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1395149590Swollman# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 13962742Swollman 139743543Swollman# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 139843543Swollman# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1399273438Sdelphij# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N. 140043543Swollman# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 140143543Swollman# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 140243543Swollman# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 140343543Swollman# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 140443543Swollman 140543543Swollman# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 140643543Swollman# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1407273438Sdelphij# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E. 140843543Swollman# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 140943543Swollman# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1410273438Sdelphij# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard 141143543Swollman# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 141243543Swollman# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 141343543Swollman# standard.... 141443543Swollman# 141543543Swollman# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 141643543Swollman# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 141743543Swollman 1418273438Sdelphij# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1419273438Sdelphij# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1420273438Sdelphij# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1421273438Sdelphij# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/������������������������_(���������) 1422273438Sdelphij# 1423273438Sdelphij# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1424273438Sdelphij# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1425273438Sdelphij# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1426273438Sdelphij# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 142743543Swollman 14282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 142943543SwollmanZone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1430273438Sdelphij 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1 1431273438Sdelphij 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1432149590Swollman 9:00 Japan J%sT 143343543Swollman# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 14342742Swollman 14352742Swollman# Jordan 143658787Sru# 1437273438Sdelphij# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1438273438Sdelphij# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 143958787Sru# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 144058787Sru# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 144158787Sru# all year round. 144258787Sru# 1443273438Sdelphij# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1444273438Sdelphij# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 144558787Sru# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 144658787Sru# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 144758787Sru# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 144858787Sru# government's departments from six to seven hours. 144958787Sru# 1450153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1451153670Swollman# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1452153670Swollman# 1453158421Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1454158421Swollman# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1455158421Swollman# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1456158421Swollman# 1457163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1458163302Sru# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1459163302Sru# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1460163302Sru# 1461190991Sedwin 1462190991Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1463190991Sedwin# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1464190991Sedwin# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1465190991Sedwin# 1466190991Sedwin# Google's translation: 1467190991Sedwin# 1468190991Sedwin# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1469190991Sedwin# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1470190991Sedwin# > of the month of March of each year. 1471190991Sedwin# 1472190991Sedwin# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1473190991Sedwin 1474190991Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1475190991Sedwin# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1476190991Sedwin 1477242212Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1478242212Sedwin# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1479242212Sedwin# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1480242212Sedwin# until about the same time next year (at least). 1481242212Sedwin# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1482242212Sedwin 1483259630Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1484259630Sedwin# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1485259630Sedwin# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1486259630Sedwin# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1487259630Sedwin# Official, in Arabic: 1488259630Sedwin# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1489259630Sedwin# ... Our background/permalink about it 1490259630Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1491259630Sedwin# ... 1492259630Sedwin# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1493259630Sedwin# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1494259630Sedwin# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1495259630Sedwin 1496259630Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1497259630Sedwin# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1498259630Sedwin 14992742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 150075267SwollmanRule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 150175267SwollmanRule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 150275267SwollmanRule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 150375267SwollmanRule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 150475267SwollmanRule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 150575267SwollmanRule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 150675267SwollmanRule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 150775267SwollmanRule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 150875267SwollmanRule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 150975267SwollmanRule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 151075267SwollmanRule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 151175267SwollmanRule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 151275267SwollmanRule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 151375267SwollmanRule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 151475267SwollmanRule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 151575267SwollmanRule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 151675267SwollmanRule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 151775267SwollmanRule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 151875267SwollmanRule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 151975267SwollmanRule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 152058787SruRule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1521190991SedwinRule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1522190991SedwinRule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1523257682SedwinRule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1524153670SwollmanRule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1525153670SwollmanRule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1526163302SruRule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1527259630SedwinRule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1528259630SedwinRule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1529259630SedwinRule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1530259630SedwinRule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 15312742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15322742SwollmanZone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1533259630Sedwin 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 15342742Swollman 1535149514Swollman 15362742Swollman# Kazakhstan 1537149514Swollman 153820094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1539149514Swollman# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 154020094Swollman# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 154120094Swollman# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 154220094Swollman# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 154320094Swollman# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1544149514Swollman 1545158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 154693799Swollman# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 154793799Swollman# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1548158421Swollman# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1549158421Swollman# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 155093799Swollman# 155193799Swollman# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 155293799Swollman# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 155393799Swollman# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1554149514Swollman 1555273438Sdelphij# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 1556273438Sdelphij# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1557149514Swollman# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1558149514Swollman# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1559149514Swollman# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 156093799Swollman# 1561149514Swollman# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1562149514Swollman# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1563149514Swollman# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1564149514Swollman# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1565149514Swollman# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1566149514Swollman# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1567149514Swollman# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1568149514Swollman# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1569149514Swollman# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1570149514Swollman 1571114173Swollman# 15722742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157393799Swollman# 157493799Swollman# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 157543014SwollmanZone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 157693799Swollman 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 157793799Swollman 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 157893799Swollman 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1579149514Swollman 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1580149514Swollman 6:00 - ALMT 158193799Swollman# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 158293799SwollmanZone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 158393799Swollman 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 158493799Swollman 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 158593799Swollman 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 158693799Swollman 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 158793799Swollman 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 158893799Swollman 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 158993799Swollman 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1590149514Swollman 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1591149514Swollman 6:00 - QYZT 159293799Swollman# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 159320094SwollmanZone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 159493799Swollman 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 159593799Swollman 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 159693799Swollman 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 159793799Swollman 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 159893799Swollman 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 159993799Swollman 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1600149514Swollman 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1601149514Swollman 5:00 - AQTT 160293799Swollman# Mangghystau 160393799Swollman# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 160493799Swollman# so include time stamps before 1963. 160593799SwollmanZone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 160693799Swollman 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 160793799Swollman 5:00 - FORT 1963 160893799Swollman 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 160993799Swollman 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 161093799Swollman 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 161193799Swollman 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1612121098Swollman 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1613149514Swollman 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1614149514Swollman 5:00 - AQTT 161593799Swollman# West Kazakhstan 161693799SwollmanZone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 161793799Swollman 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 161893799Swollman 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 161993799Swollman 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 162093799Swollman 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 162193799Swollman 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 162293799Swollman 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 162393799Swollman 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1624149514Swollman 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1625149514Swollman 5:00 - ORAT 16262742Swollman 162767578Swollman# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1628158421Swollman# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1629149514Swollman 1630149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1631149514Swollman# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1632149514Swollman# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1633149514Swollman# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1634149514Swollman# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1635153670Swollman# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1636153670Swollman# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1637153670Swollman# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1638149514Swollman 163920094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1640153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1641153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1642153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1643153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 16449908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 16459908SwollmanZone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 164643014Swollman 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 164719878Swollman 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 164858787Sru 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1649153670Swollman 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1650153670Swollman 6:00 - KGT 16519908Swollman 16522742Swollman############################################################################### 16532742Swollman 165443014Swollman# Korea (North and South) 16552742Swollman 1656163302Sru# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1657163302Sru# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1658163302Sru# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1659163302Sru# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1660163302Sru# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1661163302Sru# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 16622742Swollman 1663158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 16642742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16652742SwollmanRule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 16662742SwollmanRule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1667158421SwollmanRule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1668158421SwollmanRule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 16692742Swollman 1670273438Sdelphij# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-01): 1671273438Sdelphij# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger, except that I 1672273438Sdelphij# guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 1673273438Sdelphij# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 1674273438Sdelphij# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 1675273438Sdelphij 16762742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 16772742SwollmanZone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 16782742Swollman 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1679273438Sdelphij 9:00 - JCST 1928 16802742Swollman 8:30 - KST 1932 1681273438Sdelphij 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1682273438Sdelphij 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 16832742Swollman 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 16842742Swollman 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 16852742Swollman 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 16862742Swollman 9:00 ROK K%sT 16872742SwollmanZone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 16882742Swollman 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1689273438Sdelphij 9:00 - JCST 1928 16902742Swollman 8:30 - KST 1932 1691273438Sdelphij 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1692273438Sdelphij 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 16932742Swollman 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 16942742Swollman 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 16952742Swollman 9:00 - KST 16962742Swollman 16972742Swollman############################################################################### 16982742Swollman 16992742Swollman# Kuwait 17002742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 17012742SwollmanZone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 17022742Swollman 3:00 - AST 17032742Swollman 17042742Swollman# Laos 17052742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 170667578SwollmanZone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 170719878Swollman 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 17082742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 17092742Swollman 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 17102742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 17112742Swollman 17122742Swollman# Lebanon 17132742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 171419878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 17152742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 171619878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 17172742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 171819878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 17192742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 172019878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 17212742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 172219878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 17232742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 172419878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 17252742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 172619878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 172719878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 17282742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 172919878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 173020094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 173119878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 173219878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 173320094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 173420094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 173520094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 173658787SruRule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 173758787SruRule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 17382742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 17392742SwollmanZone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 174019878Swollman 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 17412742Swollman 17422742Swollman# Malaysia 174319878Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 174486222SwollmanRule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 174519878SwollmanRule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 174686222Swollman# 1747136638Swollman# peninsular Malaysia 1748136638Swollman# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1749136638Swollman# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 17502742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1751136638SwollmanZone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1752136638Swollman 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1753136638Swollman 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1754136638Swollman 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1755136638Swollman 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1756136638Swollman 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1757136638Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1758136638Swollman 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 175919878Swollman 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 176086222Swollman# Sabah & Sarawak 1761158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1762158421Swollman# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1763136638Swollman# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1764136638Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 176519878SwollmanZone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 176619878Swollman 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1767136638Swollman 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1768136638Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1769136638Swollman 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 177019878Swollman 8:00 - MYT 17712742Swollman 17722742Swollman# Maldives 17732742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 177419878SwollmanZone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 177519878Swollman 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 177619878Swollman 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 17772742Swollman 17782742Swollman# Mongolia 177958787Sru 1780158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1781273438Sdelphij# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 1782273438Sdelphij# (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 178358787Sru 178458787Sru# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 178558787Sru# General Information Mongolia 1786273438Sdelphij# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 178758787Sru# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1788273438Sdelphij# Bayan-��lgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 178958787Sru# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 179058787Sru# eight hours." 179158787Sru 179258787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 179358787Sru# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 179458787Sru# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 179558787Sru# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 179658787Sru# of implementation may have been different.... 179758787Sru# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 179858787Sru# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1799273438Sdelphij# S��khbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 180058787Sru 180158787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 180258787Sru# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 180358787Sru# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 180458787Sru# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 180558787Sru# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 180658787Sru# is good enough for our purposes. 180758787Sru 180886222Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 180986222Swollman# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 181086222Swollman# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 181186222Swollman# there are three time zones. 181286222Swollman# 1813273438Sdelphij# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-��lgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1814273438Sdelphij# Provinces [at 8:00]: Kh��vsg��l, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, T��v, 1815273438Sdelphij# Bayankhongor, ��v��rkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, ��mn��govi 1816273438Sdelphij# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, S��khbaatar 181786222Swollman# 181886222Swollman# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 181986222Swollman 1820149514Swollman# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1821136638Swollman# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1822136638Swollman# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1823136638Swollman# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1824136638Swollman# 1825136638Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1826136638Swollman# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1827136638Swollman# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1828136638Swollman 1829149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1830149514Swollman# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1831149514Swollman# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1832149514Swollman# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1833273438Sdelphij# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nyk��nen (2005-05-16) reports that 1834149514Swollman# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1835149514Swollman# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1836149514Swollman# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1837149514Swollman# He also found 1838149514Swollman# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1839149514Swollman# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1840149514Swollman# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1841149514Swollman# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1842273438Sdelphij# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but S��khbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1843149514Swollman# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1844149514Swollman# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1845149514Swollman# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1846149514Swollman 1847169811Swollman# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1848169811Swollman# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1849169811Swollman# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1850169811Swollman# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1851169811Swollman 1852181418Sedwin# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1853181418Sedwin# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1854181418Sedwin# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1855181418Sedwin# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1856181418Sedwin# database on this, e.g.: 1857181418Sedwin# 1858181418Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1859181418Sedwin# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1860181418Sedwin# 1861181418Sedwin# both say GMT+08:00. 1862181418Sedwin 1863181418Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1864181418Sedwin# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1865181418Sedwin# schedule here: 1866181418Sedwin# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1867181418Sedwin# (click the English flag for English) 1868181418Sedwin# 1869273438Sdelphij# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 1870181418Sedwin# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1871273438Sdelphij# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1872273438Sdelphij# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 1873181418Sedwin# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1874273438Sdelphij# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1875181418Sedwin 1876181418Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1877181418Sedwin# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1878181418Sedwin# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1879181418Sedwin# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1880181418Sedwin# this is almost surely wrong. 1881181418Sedwin 18822742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 188386222SwollmanRule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 188486222SwollmanRule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1885158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1886158421Swollman# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1887158421Swollman# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1888158421Swollman# 1889158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1890273438Sdelphij# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and S��khbaatar) took place 1891158421Swollman# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1892158421Swollman# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1893158421Swollman# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1894158421Swollman# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1895158421Swollman 1896158421SwollmanRule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1897158421SwollmanRule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 189858787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1899136638SwollmanRule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1900169811SwollmanRule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1901169811SwollmanRule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 190258787Sru 19032742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 190486222Swollman# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 190558787SruZone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 190658787Sru 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 190758787Sru 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 190886222Swollman# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 190958787SruZone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 191058787Sru 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 191119878Swollman 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 191286222Swollman# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 191386222Swollman# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 191486222SwollmanZone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 191586222Swollman 7:00 - ULAT 1978 191686222Swollman 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1917181418Sedwin 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1918181418Sedwin 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 19192742Swollman 19202742Swollman# Nepal 19212742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1922187588SedwinZone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 19232742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1986 192419878Swollman 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 19252742Swollman 19262742Swollman# Oman 1927248310Sedwin 1928248310Sedwin# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory. 1929248310Sedwin 19302742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1931248310SedwinZone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920 19322742Swollman 4:00 - GST 19332742Swollman 19342742Swollman# Pakistan 193593799Swollman 193693799Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 193793799Swollman# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 193893799Swollman# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 193993799Swollman# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 194093799Swollman# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 194193799Swollman# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 194293799Swollman 194393799Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1944273438Sdelphij# Jesper N��rgaard found this URL: 194593799Swollman# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 194693799Swollman# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 194793799Swollman# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 194893799Swollman# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 194993799Swollman# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 195093799Swollman# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 195193799Swollman# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 195293799Swollman# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 195393799Swollman# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 195493799Swollman 1955114173Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1956114173Swollman# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1957114173Swollman# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1958114173Swollman 1959114173Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1960114173Swollman# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1961114173Swollman# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1962114173Swollman# 1963114173Swollman# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1964114173Swollman# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1965114173Swollman# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1966114173Swollman# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1967114173Swollman# 1968114173Swollman# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1969114173Swollman# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1970114173Swollman 1971181418Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 1972240461Sedwin# 1973240461Sedwin# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 1974181418Sedwin# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 1975240461Sedwin# 1976240461Sedwin# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 1977240461Sedwin# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 1978240461Sedwin# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 1979181418Sedwin# ...." 1980240461Sedwin# 1981181418Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 1982181418Sedwin# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 1983114173Swollman 1984181418Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1985181418Sedwin# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 1986181418Sedwin 1987183066Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 1988183066Sedwin# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 1989273438Sdelphij# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 1990183066Sedwin# instead of August 31. 1991183066Sedwin# 1992183066Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 1993183066Sedwin# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 1994183066Sedwin 1995191052Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 1996191052Sedwin# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 1997191052Sedwin# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 1998191052Sedwin# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 1999191052Sedwin# official working." 2000191052Sedwin# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2001191052Sedwin# 2002191052Sedwin# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2003191052Sedwin# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2004191052Sedwin# 2005191052Sedwin# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2006191052Sedwin# April 08, 2009 2007191052Sedwin# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2008191052Sedwin# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2009191052Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2010191052Sedwin# 2011191052Sedwin# .... 2012191052Sedwin# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2013191052Sedwin# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2014191052Sedwin# conserve energy" 2015191052Sedwin 2016197597Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2017197597Sedwin# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2018197597Sedwin# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2019197597Sedwin# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2020197597Sedwin# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2021240461Sedwin# this regard." 2022197597Sedwin# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2023191052Sedwin 2024198270Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2025198270Sedwin# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2026198270Sedwin# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 2027198270Sedwin# 1, 2009. 2028198270Sedwin# 2029198270Sedwin# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2030198270Sedwin# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2031198270Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2032198270Sedwin 2033198270Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2034198270Sedwin# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote: 2035198270Sedwin# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2036198270Sedwin# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 2037198270Sedwin# > 1, 2009. 2038198270Sedwin# 2039198270Sedwin# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2040198270Sedwin# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2041198270Sedwin# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2042198270Sedwin# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2043198270Sedwin# Monday." 2044198270Sedwin# 2045198270Sedwin# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2046198270Sedwin# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2047198270Sedwin# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2048198270Sedwin# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2049198270Sedwin# 2050198270Sedwin# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2051198270Sedwin# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2052198270Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2053198270Sedwin 2054273438Sdelphij# From Christoph G��hre (2009-10-01): 2055198270Sedwin# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2056198270Sedwin# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2057198270Sedwin 2058206868Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2059206868Sedwin# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2060206868Sedwin# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2061206868Sedwin# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2062206868Sedwin# > 2063206868Sedwin# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2064206868Sedwin# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2065206868Sedwin# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2066206868Sedwin# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2067206868Sedwin# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2068206868Sedwin# 2069206868Sedwin# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2070206868Sedwin# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2071206868Sedwin# 2072206868Sedwin# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2073206868Sedwin# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2074206868Sedwin 207593799Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2076114173SwollmanRule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 2077114173SwollmanRule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 2078181418SedwinRule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2079183066SedwinRule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2080206868SedwinRule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2081206868SedwinRule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2082206868Sedwin 20832742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 20842742SwollmanZone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 20852742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 20862742Swollman 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 20872742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 208819878Swollman 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 208993799Swollman 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 20902742Swollman 20912742Swollman# Palestine 209243014Swollman 2093149514Swollman# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 209443014Swollman# 209543014Swollman# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 209643014Swollman# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 209743014Swollman# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 209843014Swollman# 209943014Swollman# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 210043014Swollman# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 210143014Swollman# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 210243014Swollman# though. 210343014Swollman# 210443014Swollman# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 210543014Swollman# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 210643014Swollman# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 210743014Swollman# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 210843014Swollman# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 210943014Swollman# East Jerusalem. 211043014Swollman# 211143014Swollman# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 211243014Swollman# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 211343014Swollman# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 211443014Swollman# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 211543014Swollman# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 211643014Swollman# 211743014Swollman# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 211843014Swollman# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 211943014Swollman# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 212043014Swollman# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 212143014Swollman# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 212243014Swollman# Jordanian one). 212343014Swollman# 212443014Swollman# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 212543014Swollman# 212643014Swollman# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 212743014Swollman# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 212843014Swollman# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 212943014Swollman# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 213043014Swollman# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 213143014Swollman# 213243014Swollman# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 213343014Swollman# have one). 213443014Swollman 2135158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2136158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 213743014Swollman# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 213843014Swollman# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 213943014Swollman# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 214043014Swollman# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 214143014Swollman# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 214243014Swollman# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 214343014Swollman# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2144243020Sedwin# to Palestine's rules. 214543014Swollman 214643014Swollman# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 214743014Swollman# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 214843014Swollman# 214943014Swollman# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 215043014Swollman# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 215143014Swollman# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 215243014Swollman# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 215343014Swollman 215458787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2155273438Sdelphij# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2156273438Sdelphij# <http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html> 2157273438Sdelphij# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 215858787Sru# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 215958787Sru# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 216058787Sru# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 216158787Sru# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 216258787Sru 2163153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2164153670Swollman# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2165153670Swollman 2166158421Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2167158421Swollman# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2168158421Swollman# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2169158421Swollman# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2170273438Sdelphij# earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2171158421Swollman 2172163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2173163302Sru# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2174163302Sru# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2175163302Sru# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2176163302Sru# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2177163302Sru# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2178163302Sru# the West Bank. 2179163302Sru 2180163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2181163302Sru# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2182163302Sru# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2183163302Sru# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2184163302Sru# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2185163302Sru# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2186163302Sru# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2187163302Sru# because of the Ramadan. 2188163302Sru 2189273438Sdelphij# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2190172479Sedwin# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2191172479Sedwin# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2192172479Sedwin 2193172479Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2194172479Sedwin# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2195172479Sedwin# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2196172479Sedwin# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2197172479Sedwin# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2198172479Sedwin# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2199172479Sedwin 2200183066Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2201183066Sedwin# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2202183066Sedwin# 2203183066Sedwin# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2204183066Sedwin# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2205183066Sedwin# 2206183066Sedwin# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2207183066Sedwin# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2208183066Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2209183066Sedwin 2210190991Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2211190991Sedwin# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2212190991Sedwin# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2213190991Sedwin# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2214190991Sedwin# 2215190991Sedwin# (in Arabic) 2216190991Sedwin# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2217190991Sedwin# 2218190991Sedwin# (English translation) 2219190991Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2220190991Sedwin 2221197000Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2222197000Sedwin# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2223197000Sedwin# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2224197000Sedwin# 2225197000Sedwin# One news source: 2226197000Sedwin# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2227197000Sedwin# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2228197000Sedwin# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2229197000Sedwin# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2230197000Sedwin# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2231197000Sedwin# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2232197000Sedwin# 2233197000Sedwin# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2234197000Sedwin# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2235197000Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2236197000Sedwin 2237197000Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2238197000Sedwin# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2239197000Sedwin# 2240197000Sedwin# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2241197000Sedwin# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2242197000Sedwin# 2243197000Sedwin# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2244197000Sedwin# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2245197000Sedwin# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2246197000Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2247197000Sedwin 2248206219Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2249206219Sedwin# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2250206219Sedwin# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2251206219Sedwin# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2252206219Sedwin# 2253206219Sedwin# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2254206219Sedwin# (in Arabic) 2255206219Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2256206219Sedwin 2257206219Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2258206219Sedwin# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2259206219Sedwin# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2260206219Sedwin# noon though: 2261206219Sedwin# 2262206219Sedwin# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2263206219Sedwin# (Ma'an News Agency) 2264206219Sedwin# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2265206219Sedwin# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2266206219Sedwin 2267211422Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2268211422Sedwin# According to several sources, including 2269211422Sedwin# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2270240461Sedwin# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2271211422Sedwin# Gaza and the West Bank. 2272211422Sedwin# Some more background info: 2273211422Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2274211422Sedwin 2275226298Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2276226298Sedwin# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2277226298Sedwin# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2278226298Sedwin# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2279226298Sedwin# Ramadan. 2280226298Sedwin# 2281226298Sedwin# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2282226298Sedwin# Additional info: 2283226298Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2284226298Sedwin 2285226298Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2286226298Sedwin# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2287226298Sedwin# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2288226298Sedwin# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2289226298Sedwin# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2290226298Sedwin# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2291226298Sedwin# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2292226298Sedwin# ... 2293226298Sedwin# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2294226298Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2295273438Sdelphij# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2296226298Sedwin 2297226298Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2298240461Sedwin# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2299226298Sedwin# 00:00). 2300226298Sedwin# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2301226298Sedwin# 2302226298Sedwin# Many sources, including: 2303226298Sedwin# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2304226298Sedwin 2305240461Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2306240461Sedwin# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2307240461Sedwin# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2308240461Sedwin# Some of many sources in Arabic: 2309240461Sedwin# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2310240461Sedwin# 2311240461Sedwin# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2312240461Sedwin# 2313240461Sedwin# Our brief summary: 2314240461Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2315240461Sedwin 2316249696Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2317249696Sedwin# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2318249696Sedwin# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2319249696Sedwin# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2320249696Sedwin# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2321249696Sedwin# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2322240461Sedwin 2323257682Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2324257682Sedwin# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2325257682Sedwin# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2326257682Sedwin# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2327257682Sedwin# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2328257682Sedwin# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2329257682Sedwin# official source...: 2330257682Sedwin# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2331257682Sedwin 2332257682Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24): 2333249696Sedwin# For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through 2334257682Sedwin# the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with 2335249696Sedwin# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs, 2336249696Sedwin# which are for Gaza and Hebron respectively: 2337249696Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=702 2338249696Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=2364 2339249696Sedwin 23402742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 234119878SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 234217200SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 234319878SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 234420094SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 234517200SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 234620094SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 234758787Sru 2348163302SruRule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2349153670SwollmanRule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2350153670SwollmanRule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2351163302SruRule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2352249696SedwinRule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2353163302SruRule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2354183066SedwinRule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2355249696SedwinRule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2356249696SedwinRule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2357249696SedwinRule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2358249696SedwinRule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2359211422SedwinRule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2360249696SedwinRule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2361249696SedwinRule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2362249696SedwinRule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2363249696SedwinRule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2364249696SedwinRule Palestine 2012 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2365257682SedwinRule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2366257682SedwinRule Palestine 2013 max - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 236758787Sru 23682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 23692742SwollmanZone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 237043014Swollman 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 237143014Swollman 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 237243014Swollman 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 237358787Sru 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2374249696Sedwin 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2375249696Sedwin 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2376249696Sedwin 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2377249696Sedwin 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2378249696Sedwin 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2379249696Sedwin 2:00 - EET 2012 2380249696Sedwin 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 23812742Swollman 2382226298SedwinZone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2383226298Sedwin 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2384226298Sedwin 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2385226298Sedwin 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2386226298Sedwin 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2387249696Sedwin 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2388226298Sedwin 238914343Swollman# Paracel Is 239014343Swollman# no information 239114343Swollman 23922742Swollman# Philippines 2393273438Sdelphij# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claver��a, governor-general of the 239475267Swollman# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2395273438Sdelphij# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2396273438Sdelphij# History of the International Date Line 2397273438Sdelphij# <http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm>. 2398158421Swollman# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2399158421Swollman 2400158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2401158421Swollman# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of 2402158421Swollman# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the 2403158421Swollman# rainy season begins. See 2404158421Swollman# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. 2405158421Swollman# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. 2406158421Swollman# 2407273438Sdelphij# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2408158421Swollman# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2409158421Swollman# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2410158421Swollman# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2411158421Swollman# but no details] 2412158421Swollman 24132742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 241419878SwollmanRule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 241519878SwollmanRule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 241619878SwollmanRule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 241719878SwollmanRule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 241819878SwollmanRule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 241919878SwollmanRule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 24202742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 242175267SwollmanZone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 24222742Swollman 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 242319878Swollman 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 24242742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 242519878Swollman 8:00 Phil PH%sT 24262742Swollman 24272742Swollman# Qatar 24282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 242967578SwollmanZone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 24302742Swollman 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 24312742Swollman 3:00 - AST 24322742Swollman 24332742Swollman# Saudi Arabia 2434273438Sdelphij# 2435273438Sdelphij# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 2436273438Sdelphij# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 2437273438Sdelphij# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it 2438273438Sdelphij# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 2439273438Sdelphij# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 2440273438Sdelphij# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 2441273438Sdelphij# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 2442273438Sdelphij# o'clock for "Arab" time). 2443273438Sdelphij# 2444273438Sdelphij# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 2445273438Sdelphij# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 2446273438Sdelphij# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 2447273438Sdelphij# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 2448273438Sdelphij# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 2449273438Sdelphij# earlier date. 2450273438Sdelphij# 2451273438Sdelphij# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 2452273438Sdelphij# time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of 2453273438Sdelphij# the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 2454273438Sdelphij# 24552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2456273438SdelphijZone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 24572742Swollman 3:00 - AST 24582742Swollman 24592742Swollman# Singapore 2460136638Swollman# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2461136638Swollman# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 24622742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2463136638SwollmanZone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2464136638Swollman 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2465136638Swollman 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2466136638Swollman 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2467136638Swollman 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2468136638Swollman 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2469136638Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 247019878Swollman 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2471136638Swollman 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 24722742Swollman 8:00 - SGT 24732742Swollman 247414343Swollman# Spratly Is 247514343Swollman# no information 247614343Swollman 24772742Swollman# Sri Lanka 2478248310Sedwin 2479248310Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2480248310Sedwin# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2481248310Sedwin# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2482248310Sedwin# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2483248310Sedwin# Shanks and Pottenger. 2484248310Sedwin 248519878Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 248658787Sru# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2487273438Sdelphij# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 248858787Sru# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2489273438Sdelphij# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2490273438Sdelphij# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 249130711Swollman# 249230711Swollman# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2493273438Sdelphij# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 2494273438Sdelphij# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 249530711Swollman# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 249630711Swollman# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 249719878Swollman 2498273438Sdelphij# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2499158421Swollman# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2500158421Swollman# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2501158421Swollman# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2502158421Swollman 2503158421Swollman# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2504158421Swollman# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> 2505158421Swollman# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2506158421Swollman# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2507158421Swollman# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2508158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2509177591Sedwin# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2510158421Swollman# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2511158421Swollman 2512158421Swollman# From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2513158421Swollman# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2514158421Swollman# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2515158421Swollman# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2516158421Swollman# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2517158421Swollman# 2518273438Sdelphij# I recollect before the recent change the government announcements 2519158421Swollman# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2520158421Swollman# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2521158421Swollman# 2522158421Swollman# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2523158421Swollman# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2524158421Swollman# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2525158421Swollman# item.... 2526158421Swollman# 2527158421Swollman# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2528273438Sdelphij# administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2529158421Swollman# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2530158421Swollman# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2531158421Swollman# slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2532158421Swollman# 2533158421Swollman# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2534158421Swollman# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2535158421Swollman# all computers. 2536158421Swollman 2537158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2538158421Swollman# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2539158421Swollman# and then see what people actually say in practice. 2540158421Swollman 25412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25422742SwollmanZone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 254343014Swollman 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 25442742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 25452742Swollman 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 25462742Swollman 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 254719878Swollman 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 254830711Swollman 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2549158421Swollman 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2550158421Swollman 5:30 - IST 25512742Swollman 25522742Swollman# Syria 25532742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 255419878SwollmanRule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 25552742SwollmanRule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 255619878SwollmanRule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 25572742SwollmanRule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 255819878SwollmanRule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 25592742SwollmanRule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 25602742SwollmanRule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 25612742SwollmanRule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 256219878SwollmanRule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 25632742SwollmanRule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 256419878SwollmanRule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 25652742SwollmanRule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 256619878SwollmanRule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 25672742SwollmanRule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 256819878SwollmanRule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 25692742SwollmanRule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 257019878SwollmanRule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 25712742SwollmanRule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 257219878SwollmanRule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 257319878SwollmanRule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 25742742SwollmanRule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 257520094SwollmanRule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 257620094SwollmanRule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 257720094SwollmanRule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 257820094SwollmanRule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 257920094SwollmanRule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 258020094SwollmanRule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 258120094SwollmanRule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 258258787Sru# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 258358787Sru# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 258458787Sru# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2585163302Sru# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2586163302Sru# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2587163302Sru# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 258858787SruRule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2589163302SruRule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 259058787SruRule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2591169811SwollmanRule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2592163302Sru# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2593163302Sru# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2594163302Sru# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2595163302SruRule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2596169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2597169811Swollman# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2598169811Swollman# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2599177591SedwinRule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2600273438Sdelphij# From Jesper N��rgaard (2007-10-27): 2601173319Sedwin# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2602253010Sedwin# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 2603253010Sedwin# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 2604173319Sedwin# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2605173319Sedwin# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2606173319Sedwin# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2607240461Sedwin# 2608173319Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2609273438Sdelphij# Jesper N��rgaard Welen wrote: 2610240461Sedwin# 2611173319Sedwin# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2612173319Sedwin# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2613240461Sedwin# 2614173319Sedwin# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2615173319Sedwin# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2616240461Sedwin# 2617173319Sedwin# which using Google's translate tools says: 2618240461Sedwin# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2619240461Sedwin# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2620173319Sedwin# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2621177591SedwinRule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2622177591Sedwin 2623177591Sedwin# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2624177591Sedwin# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2625177591Sedwin# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA 2626177591Sedwin# are now using: 2627177591Sedwin# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2628177591Sedwin# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2629177591Sedwin# Variation 2630177591Sedwin# Syrian Arab 2631177591Sedwin# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2632177591Sedwin# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2633177591Sedwin# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2634177591Sedwin 2635177591Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2636177591Sedwin# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2637177591Sedwin# Agency (SANA)... 2638177591Sedwin# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2639273438Sdelphij# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2640177591Sedwin# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2641177591Sedwin# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2642177591Sedwin# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2643177591Sedwin# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2644177591Sedwin 2645177591Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2646273438Sdelphij# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2647177591Sedwin# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2648177591Sedwin# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2649177591Sedwin# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2650177591Sedwin 2651183864Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2652183864Sedwin# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2653183864Sedwin# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2654183864Sedwin# 2655183864Sedwin# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2656183864Sedwin# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2657183864Sedwin# clocks back 60 minutes). 2658183864Sedwin# 2659183864Sedwin# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2660183864Sedwin 2661190372Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2662190372Sedwin# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2663190372Sedwin# two examples: 2664190372Sedwin# 2665190372Sedwin# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2666190372Sedwin# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2667190372Sedwin# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2668190372Sedwin# (Arabic, gov-site) 2669190372Sedwin# 2670190372Sedwin# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2671190372Sedwin# 2672190372Sedwin# Our summary 2673190372Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2674190372Sedwin 2675198825Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2676240461Sedwin# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2677240461Sedwin# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2678198825Sedwin# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2679198825Sedwin# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2680198825Sedwin 2681198825Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2682198825Sedwin# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2683198825Sedwin# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2684198825Sedwin# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2685198825Sedwin 2686205475Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 2687205475Sedwin# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 2688205475Sedwin# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 2689205475Sedwin# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 2690205475Sedwin# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 2691205475Sedwin 2692240461Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2693240461Sedwin# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 2694240461Sedwin# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 2695240461Sedwin# 2696240461Sedwin# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 2697240461Sedwin# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 2698240461Sedwin# 2699240461Sedwin# Our brief summary: 2700240461Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 2701240461Sedwin 2702240461Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2703240461Sedwin# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 2704240461Sedwin 2705190372SedwinRule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2706198825SedwinRule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2707205475SedwinRule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2708240461SedwinRule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2709240461SedwinRule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2710198825SedwinRule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2711177591Sedwin 27122742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 271367578SwollmanZone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 271419878Swollman 2:00 Syria EE%sT 27152742Swollman 27162742Swollman# Tajikistan 2717158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger. 27182742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27192742SwollmanZone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 272043014Swollman 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 272119878Swollman 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 272258787Sru 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 272319878Swollman 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 27242742Swollman 27252742Swollman# Thailand 27262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27272742SwollmanZone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 272819878Swollman 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 27292742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 27302742Swollman 27312742Swollman# Turkmenistan 2732158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger. 27332742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 273467578SwollmanZone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 273543014Swollman 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 273658787Sru 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 273758787Sru 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2738158421Swollman 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 273943014Swollman 5:00 - TMT 27402742Swollman 27412742Swollman# United Arab Emirates 27422742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27432742SwollmanZone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 27442742Swollman 4:00 - GST 27452742Swollman 27462742Swollman# Uzbekistan 27472742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 274843014SwollmanZone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 274943014Swollman 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 275043014Swollman 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 275143014Swollman 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2752158421Swollman 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2753158421Swollman 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 275458787Sru 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 275543014Swollman 5:00 - UZT 2756273438Sdelphij# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 2757273438SdelphijZone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 275843014Swollman 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2759158421Swollman 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 276058787Sru 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 276158787Sru 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 276243014Swollman 5:00 - UZT 27632742Swollman 27642742Swollman# Vietnam 2765158421Swollman 2766248310Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2767248310Sedwin# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 2768248310Sedwin# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 2769248310Sedwin# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 2770248310Sedwin# and Pottenger. 2771248310Sedwin 2772177591Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2773273438Sdelphij# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 2774273438Sdelphij# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2775158421Swollman 2776158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 27772742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2778177591SedwinZone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 277919878Swollman 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 27802742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 27812742Swollman 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 27822742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 27832742Swollman 27842742Swollman# Yemen 2785248310Sedwin 2786248310Sedwin# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, 2787248310Sedwin# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. 2788248310Sedwin 27892742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2790248310SedwinZone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950 27912742Swollman 3:00 - AST 2792