asia revision 206219
1206219Sedwin# @(#)asia 8.58 2192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 464499Swollman 52742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 62742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 72742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 82742Swollman 9158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 102742Swollman# 112742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 142742Swollman# 1586222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 1620094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 1720094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1820094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 1920094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990. 2020094Swollman# 21158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 2320094Swollman# 242742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 252742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 262742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 272742Swollman# 282742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 2958787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 302742Swollman# 312742Swollman# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 322742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 332742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 34114173Swollman# std dst 35114173Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 36114173Swollman# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 37114173Swollman# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 38114173Swollman# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 39114173Swollman# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 40114173Swollman# 4:00 GST Gulf* 41114173Swollman# 5:30 IST India 42114173Swollman# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 43114173Swollman# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 44114173Swollman# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 45114173Swollman# 8:00 CST China 46114173Swollman# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 47114173Swollman# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 48149590Swollman# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 49149590Swollman# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 50114173Swollman# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 512742Swollman# 529908Swollman# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 532742Swollman 542742Swollman# From Guy Harris: 552742Swollman# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 562742Swollman# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 572742Swollman# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 582742Swollman# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 592742Swollman 602742Swollman############################################################################### 612742Swollman 6220094Swollman# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 632742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6420094SwollmanRule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 65158421SwollmanRule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 6620094SwollmanRule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 6720094SwollmanRule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 6820094SwollmanRule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 6920094SwollmanRule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 7020094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 7120094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 7220094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 7320094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 7420094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 7520094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 7620094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 7720094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 7820094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 792742Swollman 802742Swollman# Afghanistan 812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 822742SwollmanZone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 8319878Swollman 4:00 - AFT 1945 842742Swollman 4:30 - AFT 852742Swollman 862742Swollman# Armenia 87158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 88158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 89158421Swollman# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 90158421Swollman# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 91158421Swollman# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 92153670Swollman# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 9343014Swollman# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 9443014Swollman# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 9543014Swollman# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 972742SwollmanZone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 9819878Swollman 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 9919878Swollman 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 10019878Swollman 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 10158787Sru 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 10243014Swollman 4:00 - AMT 1997 10375267Swollman 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1042742Swollman 1052742Swollman# Azerbaijan 106153670Swollman# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 107153670Swollman# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 108153670Swollman# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 10943014Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 110153670SwollmanRule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 111153670SwollmanRule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 1122742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1132742SwollmanZone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 11419878Swollman 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 11519878Swollman 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 11619878Swollman 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 117149514Swollman 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 11820094Swollman 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 11943014Swollman 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 12043014Swollman 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 1212742Swollman 1222742Swollman# Bahrain 1232742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12467578SwollmanZone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 1252742Swollman 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 1262742Swollman 3:00 - AST 1272742Swollman 1282742Swollman# Bangladesh 129193785Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 130193785Sedwin# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 131193785Sedwin# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 132193785Sedwin# 133193785Sedwin# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 134193785Sedwin# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288"> 135193785Sedwin# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 136193785Sedwin# </a> 137193785Sedwin# or 138193785Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html"> 139193785Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 140193785Sedwin# </a> 141193785Sedwin# 142193785Sedwin# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 143193785Sedwin# June 144193785Sedwin# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 145193785Sedwin# crippling power crisis. " 146193785Sedwin# 147193785Sedwin# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 148193785Sedwin# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 149193785Sedwin 150193785Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 151193785Sedwin# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 152193785Sedwin# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 153193785Sedwin# 154193785Sedwin# Some sources: 155193785Sedwin# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601"> 156193785Sedwin# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 157193785Sedwin# </a> 158193785Sedwin# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2"> 159193785Sedwin# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 160193785Sedwin# </a> 161193785Sedwin# 162193785Sedwin# Our wrap-up: 163193785Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html"> 164193785Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 165193785Sedwin# </a> 166193785Sedwin 167194485Sedwin# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 168194485Sedwin# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 169194485Sedwin# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 170194485Sedwin# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 171194485Sedwin# 172194485Sedwin# No DST end date has been announced yet. 173193785Sedwin 174198270Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 175198270Sedwin# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 176198270Sedwin# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 177198270Sedwin# 178198270Sedwin# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 179198270Sedwin# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 180198270Sedwin# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021"> 181198270Sedwin# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 182198270Sedwin# </a> 183198270Sedwin# or 184198270Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html"> 185198270Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 186198270Sedwin# </a> 187196581Sedwin 188198270Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 189198270Sedwin# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 190198270Sedwin# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 191198270Sedwin# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 192198270Sedwin# "continue for an indefinite period." 193198270Sedwin# 194198270Sedwin# One of many places where it is published: 195198270Sedwin# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html"> 196198270Sedwin# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 197198270Sedwin# </a> 198198270Sedwin 199201189Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 200201189Sedwin# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 201201189Sedwin# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 202201189Sedwin# 203201189Sedwin# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 204201189Sedwin# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228"> 205201189Sedwin# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 206201189Sedwin# </a> 207201189Sedwin# and 208201189Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html"> 209201189Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 210201189Sedwin# </a> 211201189Sedwin# 212201189Sedwin# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 213201189Sedwin# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 214201189Sedwin# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 215201189Sedwin# Minister's Office last night..." 216201189Sedwin 217206219Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 218206219Sedwin# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 219206219Sedwin# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 220206219Sedwin# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817"> 221206219Sedwin# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 222204887Sedwin# </a> 223206219Sedwin# or 224206219Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html"> 225206219Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 226206219Sedwin# </a> 227204887Sedwin 228201189Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 229202606SedwinRule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 230204887SedwinRule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 - 231201189Sedwin 2322742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 23375267SwollmanZone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 23419878Swollman 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 23519878Swollman 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 2362742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 23719878Swollman 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 23819878Swollman 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 239201189Sedwin 6:00 - BDT 2009 240201189Sedwin 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 2412742Swollman 2422742Swollman# Bhutan 2432742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 24467578SwollmanZone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 2452742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 24619878Swollman 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 2472742Swollman 2482742Swollman# British Indian Ocean Territory 24986222Swollman# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 25086222Swollman# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 251149514Swollman# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 252149514Swollman# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 253149514Swollman# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 2542742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 255149514SwollmanZone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 256149514Swollman 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 25786222Swollman 6:00 - IOT 2582742Swollman 2592742Swollman# Brunei 2602742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2612742SwollmanZone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 2622742Swollman 7:30 - BNT 1933 2632742Swollman 8:00 - BNT 2642742Swollman 26514343Swollman# Burma / Myanmar 2662742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26717200SwollmanZone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 26819878Swollman 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 26919878Swollman 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 2702742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 27119878Swollman 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 2722742Swollman 2732742Swollman# Cambodia 2742742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2752742SwollmanZone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 27619878Swollman 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 2772742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 2782742Swollman 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 2792742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 2802742Swollman 28143014Swollman# China 2822742Swollman 2832742Swollman# From Guy Harris: 2842742Swollman# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 2852742Swollman 28619878Swollman# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 28719878Swollman# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 2882742Swollman# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 2892742Swollman# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 2902742Swollman# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 29193799Swollman# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 2922742Swollman# 2932742Swollman# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 2942742Swollman# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 2952742Swollman# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 2962742Swollman# 2972742Swollman# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 2982742Swollman# 1987 mid-April - ?? 2992742Swollman 30019878Swollman# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 3012742Swollman# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 3022742Swollman# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 3032742Swollman 304158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 305158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau) 306158421Swollman# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST 307158421Swollman# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 3082742Swollman# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 309158421Swollman# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other 310158421Swollman# pre-1980 time zones. 3112742Swollman 312158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 3132742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3142742SwollmanRule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 3152742SwollmanRule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 3162742SwollmanRule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 3172742SwollmanRule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 31814343SwollmanRule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 31914343SwollmanRule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 320163302Sru 32193799Swollman# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 32293799Swollman# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 32393799Swollman# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 324163302Sru# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 325169811Swollman# 326163302Sru# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 327163302Sru# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 328163302Sru# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 329163302Sru# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 330163302Sru# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 331163302Sru# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 332163302Sru# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 333163302Sru# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 334163302Sru# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 335163302Sru# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 336163302Sru 337181421Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 338181421Sedwin# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk 339181421Sedwin# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986 340181421Sedwin# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim 341181421Sedwin# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 342181421Sedwin# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this 343181421Sedwin# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began 344181421Sedwin# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 345181421Sedwin# 346181421Sedwin# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11): 347181421Sedwin# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated 348181421Sedwin# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't 349181421Sedwin# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near 350181421Sedwin# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a 351181421Sedwin# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was 352181421Sedwin# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s). 353181421Sedwin# 354181421Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 355181421Sedwin# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949 356181421Sedwin# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a 357181421Sedwin# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with 358181421Sedwin# Shanks & Pottenger. 359163302Sru 360163302Sru# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 36193799Swollman# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 362163302Sru# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 36367578SwollmanZone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 36493799Swollman 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 36514343Swollman 8:00 - CST 1940 36693799Swollman 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 36793799Swollman 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 36814343Swollman 8:00 PRC C%sT 36993799Swollman# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 370163302Sru# most of China 3712742SwollmanZone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 3722742Swollman 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 3732742Swollman 8:00 PRC C%sT 37493799Swollman# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 375163302Sru# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 376163302Sru# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 377163302Sru# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 378163302Sru# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 37986222SwollmanZone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 38093799Swollman 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 38114343Swollman 8:00 PRC C%sT 38293799Swollman# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 383163302Sru# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 384163302Sru# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 385163302Sru# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 386163302Sru# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 387163302Sru# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 388163302Sru# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 389163302Sru# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 390163302Sru# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 39167578SwollmanZone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 39219878Swollman 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 39314343Swollman 8:00 PRC C%sT 39493799Swollman# Kunlun Time 395163302Sru# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 396163302Sru# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 397163302Sru# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 398163302Sru# and Yarkand. 399200835Sedwin 400200835Sedwin# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 401200835Sedwin# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 402200835Sedwin# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 403200835Sedwin# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 404200835Sedwin# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 405200835Sedwin# they implicitly use Beijing time. 406200835Sedwin# 407200835Sedwin# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 408200835Sedwin# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 409200835Sedwin# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 410200835Sedwin# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 411200835Sedwin# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in 412200835Sedwin# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 413200835Sedwin# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 414200835Sedwin# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 415200835Sedwin# 416200835Sedwin# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 417200835Sedwin# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 418200835Sedwin# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 419200835Sedwin# 420200835Sedwin# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 421200835Sedwin# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 422200835Sedwin# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 423200835Sedwin# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 424200835Sedwin# others moving their clocks ahead.) 425200835Sedwin# 426200835Sedwin# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time. 427200835Sedwin# 428200835Sedwin# The first few lines of the Google translation of 429200835Sedwin# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39"> 430200835Sedwin# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39 431200835Sedwin# </a> 432200835Sedwin# (retrieved 2009-10-13) 433200835Sedwin# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least 434200835Sedwin# > 500 million yuan 435200835Sedwin# > 436200835Sedwin# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20), 437200835Sedwin# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River 438200835Sedwin# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men 439200835Sedwin# > have worked continuously for 22 hours... 440200835Sedwin 441200835Sedwin# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 442200835Sedwin# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 443200835Sedwin# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 444200835Sedwin# 445200835Sedwin# 1. Wulumuqi... 446200835Sedwin# 2. Kashi... 447200835Sedwin# 3. Urumqi... 448200835Sedwin# 4. Kashgar... 449200835Sedwin# ... 450200835Sedwin# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 451200835Sedwin# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 452200835Sedwin# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 453200835Sedwin# 454200835Sedwin# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 455200835Sedwin# start date for Xinjiang time. 456200835Sedwin# 457200835Sedwin# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 458200835Sedwin# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 459200835Sedwin# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 460200835Sedwin# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 461200835Sedwin 46267578SwollmanZone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 46319878Swollman 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 46419878Swollman 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 46514343Swollman 8:00 PRC C%sT 46693799Swollman 467198825Sedwin 468198825Sedwin# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 469200835Sedwin# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 470200835Sedwin# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 471198825Sedwin# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 472198825Sedwin# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 473198825Sedwin# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 474198825Sedwin# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 475198825Sedwin# obtained from 476198825Sedwin# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 477198825Sedwin# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 478198825Sedwin# </a>. 479198825Sedwin 480198825Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 481198825Sedwin# Here are the dates given at 482198825Sedwin# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 483198825Sedwin# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 484198825Sedwin# </a> 485198825Sedwin# as of 2009-10-28: 486198825Sedwin# Year Period 487198825Sedwin# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 488198825Sedwin# 1942 Whole year 489198825Sedwin# 1943 Whole year 490198825Sedwin# 1944 Whole year 491198825Sedwin# 1945 Whole year 492198825Sedwin# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 493198825Sedwin# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 494198825Sedwin# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 495198825Sedwin# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 496198825Sedwin# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 497198825Sedwin# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 498198825Sedwin# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 499198825Sedwin# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 500198825Sedwin# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 501198825Sedwin# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 502198825Sedwin# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 503198825Sedwin# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 504198825Sedwin# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 505198825Sedwin# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 506198825Sedwin# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 507198825Sedwin# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 508198825Sedwin# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 509198825Sedwin# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 510198825Sedwin# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 511198825Sedwin# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 512198825Sedwin# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 513198825Sedwin# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 514198825Sedwin# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 515198825Sedwin# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 516198825Sedwin# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 517198825Sedwin# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 518198825Sedwin# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 519198825Sedwin# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 520198825Sedwin# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 521198825Sedwin# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 522198825Sedwin# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 523198825Sedwin# 1977 Nil 524198825Sedwin# 1978 Nil 525198825Sedwin# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 526198825Sedwin# 1980 to Now Nil 527198825Sedwin# The page does not give start or end times of day. 528198825Sedwin# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 529198825Sedwin# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 530198825Sedwin# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 531198825Sedwin# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 532198825Sedwin# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 533198825Sedwin 53467578Swollman# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 5352742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 536198825SedwinRule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 537198825SedwinRule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 5382742SwollmanRule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 5392742SwollmanRule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 5402742SwollmanRule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 5412742SwollmanRule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 5422742SwollmanRule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 543198825SedwinRule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 544198825SedwinRule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 5452742SwollmanRule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 5462742SwollmanRule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 5472742SwollmanRule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 5482742SwollmanRule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 5492742SwollmanRule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 5502742SwollmanRule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 5512742SwollmanRule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 552198825SedwinRule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 553198825SedwinRule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 554198825SedwinRule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 5552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5562742SwollmanZone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 557198825Sedwin 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 558198825Sedwin 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 55958787Sru 8:00 HK HK%sT 5602742Swollman 56130711Swollman############################################################################### 56230711Swollman 56343014Swollman# Taiwan 56430711Swollman 565158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 56643543Swollman# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 56743543Swollman# have any other information. 56843543Swollman 56930711Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 57030711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 57130711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 57230711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 57330711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 57430711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 57530711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 57630711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 57730711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 57830711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 57930711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 58030711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 58130711Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 58286222SwollmanZone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 58330711Swollman 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 58430711Swollman 58593799Swollman# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 5862742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 58793799SwollmanRule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 58893799SwollmanRule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 58993799SwollmanRule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 59093799SwollmanRule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 59193799SwollmanRule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 59293799SwollmanRule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 59393799SwollmanRule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 59493799SwollmanRule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 59593799SwollmanRule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 59693799SwollmanRule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 59793799SwollmanRule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 59893799SwollmanRule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 59993799SwollmanRule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 60093799SwollmanRule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 6012742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 60293799SwollmanZone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 60393799Swollman 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 60419878Swollman 8:00 PRC C%sT 6052742Swollman 6062742Swollman 6072742Swollman############################################################################### 6082742Swollman 6092742Swollman# Cyprus 6102742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 61119878SwollmanRule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 6122742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 61319878SwollmanRule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 6142742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 61519878SwollmanRule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 6162742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 6172742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 61843543SwollmanRule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 61943543SwollmanRule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 6202742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6212742SwollmanZone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 62243543Swollman 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 62358787Sru 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 62443543Swollman# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 6252742Swollman 62667578Swollman# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 62767578Swollman# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 62867578SwollmanLink Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 62967578Swollman 6302742Swollman# Georgia 631149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 6329908Swollman# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 6339908Swollman# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 6349908Swollman# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 63514343Swollman# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 63614343Swollman# 637149514Swollman# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 63820094Swollman# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 63920094Swollman# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 64020094Swollman# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 641136638Swollman# 642136638Swollman# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 643149514Swollman# 644136638Swollman# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 645136638Swollman# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 646136638Swollman# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 647136638Swollman# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 648136638Swollman# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 649136638Swollman# of integration into Europe. 650136638Swollman 651153670Swollman# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 652153670Swollman# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 653153670Swollman# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 654153670Swollman# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 655153670Swollman# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 656153670Swollman# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 657153670Swollman# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 658153670Swollman# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 659153670Swollman# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 660153670Swollman 661153670Swollman 6622742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6632742SwollmanZone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 66419878Swollman 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 66519878Swollman 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 66619878Swollman 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 66719878Swollman 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 66820094Swollman 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 66920094Swollman 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 67020094Swollman 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 67143543Swollman 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 672136638Swollman 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 673153670Swollman 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 674153670Swollman 4:00 - GET 6752742Swollman 67658787Sru# East Timor 67775267Swollman 678169811Swollman# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 679169811Swollman 68075267Swollman# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 68175267Swollman# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 68275267Swollman# East Timor may be late for its millennium 68375267Swollman# </a> (1999-12-26/31): 68475267Swollman# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 68575267Swollman# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 68675267Swollman# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 68775267Swollman# conflicts with their way of life. 68875267Swollman 68975267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 69075267Swollman# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 69175267Swollman# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 69275267Swollman 69375267Swollman# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 69475267Swollman# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 69575267Swollman# (2000-08-16)</a>: 69675267Swollman# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 69775267Swollman# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 69875267Swollman# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 69975267Swollman# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 70075267Swollman 70158787Sru# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 70258787SruZone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 703149514Swollman 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 704169811Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 705149514Swollman 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 70686222Swollman 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 707149514Swollman 9:00 - TLT 70858787Sru 7092742Swollman# India 7102742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 711177591SedwinZone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 71219878Swollman 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 71319878Swollman 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 7142742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 7152742Swollman 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 7162742Swollman 5:30 - IST 717177591Sedwin# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 7182742Swollman# Andaman Is 7192742Swollman# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 7202742Swollman# Nicobar Is 7212742Swollman 7222742Swollman# Indonesia 72386222Swollman# 724158421Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 72586222Swollman# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 72686222Swollman# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 72786222Swollman# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 72886222Swollman# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 72986222Swollman# 730169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 731169811Swollman# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 732169811Swollman# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 733169811Swollman# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 734169811Swollman# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 735169811Swollman# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 736169811Swollman# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 737169811Swollman# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions 738169811Swollman# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 739169811Swollman# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 740169811Swollman# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 741169811Swollman# switched on 1945-09-23. 742169811Swollman# 7432742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7442742SwollmanZone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 745158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 74658787Sru# but this must be a typo. 74758787Sru 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 74819878Swollman 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 74986222Swollman 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 750169811Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 75186222Swollman 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 75286222Swollman 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 75386222Swollman 7:30 - WIT 1964 75486222Swollman 7:00 - WIT 75586222SwollmanZone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 75686222Swollman 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 75786222Swollman 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 758169811Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 75986222Swollman 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 76086222Swollman 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 76186222Swollman 7:30 - WIT 1964 76286222Swollman 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 76386222Swollman 7:00 - WIT 76493799SwollmanZone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 76519878Swollman 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 76686222Swollman 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 767169811Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 76886222Swollman 8:00 - CIT 7692742SwollmanZone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 770169811Swollman 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1 7712742Swollman 9:30 - CST 1964 77286222Swollman 9:00 - EIT 7732742Swollman 7742742Swollman# Iran 775114173Swollman 776114173Swollman# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 777114173Swollman# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 778114173Swollman# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 77921217Swollman# 780114173Swollman# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 781114173Swollman# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 78221217Swollman# 783114173Swollman# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 784114173Swollman# 785114173Swollman# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 786114173Swollman# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 787114173Swollman# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 788114173Swollman# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 789114173Swollman# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 790114173Swollman# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 791114173Swollman# 792114173Swollman# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 793114173Swollman# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 794114173Swollman# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 795114173Swollman# Shahrivar. 796114173Swollman# 797114173Swollman# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 798114173Swollman# 799114173Swollman# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 800114173Swollman# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 801114173Swollman# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 802114173Swollman# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 803114173Swollman# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 804114173Swollman# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 805149514Swollman# 806149514Swollman# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 807149514Swollman# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 808149514Swollman# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 809149514Swollman# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 810149514Swollman# plan to change that law.... 811149514Swollman# 812158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 813158421Swollman# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 814149514Swollman# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 815149514Swollman# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 816149514Swollman# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 817149514Swollman# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 81821217Swollman# 819149514Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 820149514Swollman# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 821149514Swollman# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 822149514Swollman# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 823149514Swollman# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 824149514Swollman# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 825149514Swollman# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 826149514Swollman# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 827149514Swollman# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 828149514Swollman# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 829149514Swollman# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 830149514Swollman# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 831149514Swollman# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 832149514Swollman# 833158421Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 834158421Swollman# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 835158421Swollman# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 836158421Swollman# 837172479Sedwin# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen: 838172479Sedwin# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 839172479Sedwin# daylight saving time ... 840172479Sedwin# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 841172479Sedwin# 842174242Sedwin# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 843174242Sedwin# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 844174242Sedwin# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 845174242Sedwin# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 846174242Sedwin# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 847174242Sedwin# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 848174242Sedwin# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 849174242Sedwin# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 850174242Sedwin# 8512742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 852114173SwollmanRule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 853114173SwollmanRule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 854114173SwollmanRule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 855114173SwollmanRule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 856114173SwollmanRule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 857114173SwollmanRule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 858114173SwollmanRule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 859114173SwollmanRule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 860114173SwollmanRule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 861114173SwollmanRule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 862114173SwollmanRule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 863114173SwollmanRule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 864114173SwollmanRule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 865114173SwollmanRule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 866114173SwollmanRule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 867114173SwollmanRule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 868114173SwollmanRule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 869158421SwollmanRule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 870158421SwollmanRule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 871172479SedwinRule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 872172479SedwinRule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 873172479SedwinRule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 874172479SedwinRule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 875172479SedwinRule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 876172479SedwinRule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 877172479SedwinRule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 878172479SedwinRule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 879172479SedwinRule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 880172479SedwinRule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 881172479SedwinRule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 882172479SedwinRule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 883172479SedwinRule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 884172479SedwinRule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 885172479SedwinRule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 886172479SedwinRule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 887172479SedwinRule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 888172479SedwinRule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 889172479SedwinRule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 890172479SedwinRule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 891172479SedwinRule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 892172479SedwinRule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 893172479SedwinRule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 894172479SedwinRule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 895172479SedwinRule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 896172479SedwinRule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 897172479SedwinRule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 898172479SedwinRule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 899172479SedwinRule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 900172479SedwinRule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 9012742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 9022742SwollmanZone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 90319878Swollman 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 904114173Swollman 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 90519878Swollman 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 90619878Swollman 3:30 Iran IR%sT 9072742Swollman 90864499Swollman 9092742Swollman# Iraq 91064499Swollman# 911149514Swollman# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 91264499Swollman# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 91375267Swollman# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 91464499Swollman# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 91564499Swollman# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 91664499Swollman# 91764499Swollman# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 91864499Swollman# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 91964499Swollman# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 92064499Swollman# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 92164499Swollman# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 92264499Swollman# 92364499Swollman# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 92464499Swollman 925177591Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 926177591Sedwin# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 927177591Sedwin# news sources (in Arabic): 928177591Sedwin# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html"> 929177591Sedwin# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 930177591Sedwin# </a> 931177591Sedwin# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10"> 932177591Sedwin# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 933177591Sedwin# </a> 934177591Sedwin# 935177591Sedwin# We have published a short article in English about the change: 936177591Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html"> 937177591Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 938177591Sedwin# </a> 939177591Sedwin 9402742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 9412742SwollmanRule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 9422742SwollmanRule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 9432742SwollmanRule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 9442742SwollmanRule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 94520094SwollmanRule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 94620094SwollmanRule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 94720094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 948158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 949169811Swollman# 950177591SedwinRule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 951177591SedwinRule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 9522742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 9532742SwollmanZone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 95419878Swollman 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 9552742Swollman 3:00 - AST 1982 May 9562742Swollman 3:00 Iraq A%sT 9572742Swollman 9582742Swollman 9592742Swollman############################################################################### 9602742Swollman 9612742Swollman# Israel 9622742Swollman 96375267Swollman# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 96475267Swollman# 96575267Swollman# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 96675267Swollman# different abbreviations in use: 96775267Swollman# 96875267Swollman# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 96975267Swollman# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 97075267Swollman# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 97175267Swollman# 97275267Swollman# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 97375267Swollman# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 97475267Swollman# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 97575267Swollman# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 97675267Swollman# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 97775267Swollman# settings in Israeli computers. 97875267Swollman# 97975267Swollman# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 98075267Swollman# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 98175267Swollman# family is from India). 9822742Swollman 983158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 9842742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 9852742SwollmanRule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 9862742SwollmanRule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 9872742SwollmanRule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 9882742SwollmanRule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 9892742SwollmanRule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 9902742SwollmanRule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 9912742SwollmanRule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 9922742SwollmanRule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 9932742SwollmanRule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 9942742SwollmanRule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 9952742SwollmanRule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 9962742SwollmanRule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 9972742SwollmanRule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 9982742SwollmanRule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 9992742SwollmanRule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 10002742SwollmanRule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 10012742SwollmanRule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 10022742SwollmanRule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 10032742SwollmanRule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 10042742SwollmanRule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 10052742SwollmanRule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 10062742SwollmanRule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 10072742SwollmanRule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 10082742SwollmanRule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 10092742SwollmanRule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 10102742SwollmanRule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 10112742SwollmanRule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 10122742SwollmanRule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 10132742SwollmanRule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 10142742SwollmanRule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 10152742SwollmanRule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 10162742SwollmanRule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 10172742SwollmanRule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 10182742SwollmanRule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 10192742SwollmanRule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 10202742SwollmanRule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 10212742SwollmanRule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 10222742SwollmanRule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 10232742SwollmanRule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 10242742SwollmanRule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 10252742Swollman 1026149514Swollman# From Ephraim Silverberg 1027149514Swollman# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1028149514Swollman# and 2005-02-17): 102930711Swollman 10302742Swollman# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 10312742Swollman# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 103243543Swollman# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 103343543Swollman# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 103443543Swollman# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 103543543Swollman# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 103643543Swollman# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 103743543Swollman# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 103843543Swollman# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 103964499Swollman# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 104064499Swollman# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 104143543Swollman# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 104264499Swollman# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 104364499Swollman# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 104464499Swollman# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 104564499Swollman# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 104664499Swollman# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 104764499Swollman# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 104864499Swollman# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 104964499Swollman# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 105064499Swollman# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 105164499Swollman# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 10522742Swollman 10532742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 10542742SwollmanRule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 105519878SwollmanRule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 10562742SwollmanRule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 105719878SwollmanRule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 10582742SwollmanRule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 105919878SwollmanRule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 10602742SwollmanRule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 106119878SwollmanRule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 10622742SwollmanRule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 106319878SwollmanRule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 10642742Swollman 106514343Swollman# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 106614343Swollman# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 106730711Swollman# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 10682742Swollman 106975267Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 107019878SwollmanRule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 107119878SwollmanRule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 107219878SwollmanRule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 107319878SwollmanRule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 10742742Swollman 107530711Swollman# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 107630711Swollman# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 107743014Swollman# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 107814343Swollman# 1079149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 108014343Swollman# 108143014Swollman# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 108230711Swollman# 108358787Sru# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 108443014Swollman# 1085149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 108643014Swollman# 108758787Sru# where YYYY is the relevant year. 10889908Swollman 108914343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109030711SwollmanRule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 109119878SwollmanRule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 109230711SwollmanRule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 109330711SwollmanRule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 109430711SwollmanRule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 109543014SwollmanRule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 109643543SwollmanRule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 109743543SwollmanRule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 109814343Swollman 109964499Swollman# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 110064499Swollman# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 110164499Swollman# years 2001-2004 as well. 110258787Sru# 110364499Swollman# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 110458787Sru# 1105149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 110664499Swollman# 110764499Swollman# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 110864499Swollman# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 110964499Swollman# 1110149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 111143014Swollman 111258787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 111358787SruRule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 111464499SwollmanRule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 111564499SwollmanRule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 111664499SwollmanRule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 111764499SwollmanRule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 111864499SwollmanRule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 111964499SwollmanRule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 112064499SwollmanRule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 112164499SwollmanRule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 112264499SwollmanRule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 112358787Sru 1124149514Swollman# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1125149514Swollman# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1126149514Swollman# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1127149514Swollman# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1128149514Swollman# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1129149514Swollman# 1130149514Swollman# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1131149514Swollman# 1132149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 113330711Swollman 1134149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 1135149514Swollman# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1136149514Swollman# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1137149514Swollman# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1138149514Swollman# to generate the transitions in this list. 1139149514Swollman# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1140149514Swollman# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 1141149514Swollman# 1142149514Swollman# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1143149514Swollman# 1144149514Swollman# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1145149514Swollman# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1146149514Swollman# springtime transitions explicitly. 1147149514Swollman 1148149514Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1149149514SwollmanRule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1150149514SwollmanRule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1151149514SwollmanRule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1152149514SwollmanRule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1153149514SwollmanRule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1154149514SwollmanRule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1155149514SwollmanRule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1156149514SwollmanRule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1157149514SwollmanRule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1158149514SwollmanRule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1159149514SwollmanRule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1160149514SwollmanRule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1161149514SwollmanRule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 1162149514SwollmanRule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1163149514SwollmanRule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1164149514SwollmanRule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1165149514SwollmanRule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1166149514SwollmanRule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1167149514SwollmanRule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1168149514SwollmanRule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1169149514SwollmanRule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1170149514SwollmanRule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1171149514SwollmanRule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1172149514SwollmanRule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1173149514SwollmanRule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1174149514SwollmanRule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1175149514SwollmanRule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1176149514SwollmanRule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1177149514SwollmanRule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1178149514SwollmanRule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1179149514SwollmanRule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 1180149514SwollmanRule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1181149514SwollmanRule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1182149514SwollmanRule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1183149514SwollmanRule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 1184149514SwollmanRule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1185149514SwollmanRule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1186149514SwollmanRule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1187149514SwollmanRule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1188149514SwollmanRule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 1189149514SwollmanRule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 1190149514SwollmanRule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1191149514SwollmanRule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 1192149514Swollman 11932742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 119414343SwollmanZone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 119519878Swollman 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 11962742Swollman 2:00 Zion I%sT 11972742Swollman 11982742Swollman 1199105196Swollman 12002742Swollman############################################################################### 12012742Swollman 12022742Swollman# Japan 12032742Swollman 12042742Swollman# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 12052742Swollman 1206149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 12079908Swollman# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 12089908Swollman# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 12099908Swollman# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 1210149590Swollman 1211149590Swollman# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 1212149590Swollman# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 1213149590Swollman# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1214149590Swollman# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1215149590Swollman# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1216149590Swollman# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1217149590Swollman# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1218149590Swollman# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1219149590Swollman# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1220149590Swollman# wanted to keep it.) 1221149590Swollman 1222158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1223158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 12249908Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1225149590SwollmanRule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1226149590SwollmanRule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1227149590SwollmanRule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1228149590SwollmanRule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1229149590Swollman# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1230158421Swollman# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1231149590Swollman# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1232149590Swollman# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 12332742Swollman 123443543Swollman# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 123543543Swollman# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 123643543Swollman# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 123743543Swollman# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 123843543Swollman# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 123943543Swollman# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 124043543Swollman# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 124143543Swollman 124243543Swollman# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 124343543Swollman# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 124443543Swollman# which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 124543543Swollman# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 124643543Swollman# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 124743543Swollman# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 124843543Swollman# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 124943543Swollman# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 125043543Swollman# standard.... 125143543Swollman# 125243543Swollman# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 125343543Swollman# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 125443543Swollman 1255158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few 1256158421Swollman# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all 1257158421Swollman# ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 125843543Swollman 12592742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 126043543SwollmanZone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 126143543Swollman 9:00 - JST 1896 126243543Swollman 9:00 - CJT 1938 1263149590Swollman 9:00 Japan J%sT 126443543Swollman# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 12652742Swollman 12662742Swollman# Jordan 126758787Sru# 126858787Sru# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 126958787Sru# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 127058787Sru# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 127158787Sru# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 127258787Sru# all year round. 127358787Sru# 127458787Sru# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 127558787Sru# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 127658787Sru# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 127758787Sru# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 127858787Sru# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 127958787Sru# government's departments from six to seven hours. 128058787Sru# 1281153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1282153670Swollman# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1283153670Swollman# 1284158421Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1285158421Swollman# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1286158421Swollman# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1287158421Swollman# 1288163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1289163302Sru# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1290163302Sru# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1291163302Sru# 1292190991Sedwin 1293190991Sedwin# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02): 1294190991Sedwin# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for 1295190991Sedwin# Jordan. 1296190991Sedwin# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight 1297190991Sedwin# saving 1298190991Sedwin# time on the last Thursday in March. 1299190991Sedwin# 1300190991Sedwin# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1301190991Sedwin# 1302190991Sedwin# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan 1303190991Sedwin# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002. 1304190991Sedwin# Please see 1305190991Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11"> 1306190991Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11 1307190991Sedwin# </a> 1308190991Sedwin 1309190991Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1310190991Sedwin# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1311190991Sedwin# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279"> 1312190991Sedwin# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1313190991Sedwin# </a> 1314190991Sedwin# 1315190991Sedwin# Google's translation: 1316190991Sedwin# 1317190991Sedwin# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1318190991Sedwin# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1319190991Sedwin# > of the month of March of each year. 1320190991Sedwin# 1321190991Sedwin# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1322190991Sedwin 1323190991Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1324190991Sedwin# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1325190991Sedwin 13262742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 132775267SwollmanRule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 132875267SwollmanRule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 132975267SwollmanRule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 133075267SwollmanRule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 133175267SwollmanRule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 133275267SwollmanRule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 133375267SwollmanRule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 133475267SwollmanRule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 133575267SwollmanRule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 133675267SwollmanRule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 133775267SwollmanRule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 133875267SwollmanRule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 133975267SwollmanRule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 134075267SwollmanRule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 134175267SwollmanRule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 134275267SwollmanRule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 134375267SwollmanRule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 134475267SwollmanRule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 134575267SwollmanRule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 134675267SwollmanRule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 134758787SruRule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1348190991SedwinRule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1349190991SedwinRule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1350192886SedwinRule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1351153670SwollmanRule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1352153670SwollmanRule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1353163302SruRule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1354163302SruRule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 13552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13562742SwollmanZone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 135719878Swollman 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 13582742Swollman 1359149514Swollman 13602742Swollman# Kazakhstan 1361149514Swollman 136220094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1363149514Swollman# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 136420094Swollman# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 136520094Swollman# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 136620094Swollman# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 136720094Swollman# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1368149514Swollman 1369158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 137093799Swollman# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 137193799Swollman# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1372158421Swollman# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1373158421Swollman# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 137493799Swollman# 137593799Swollman# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 137693799Swollman# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 137793799Swollman# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1378149514Swollman 1379149514Swollman# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 1380149514Swollman# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 1381149514Swollman# </a> 1382149514Swollman# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1383149514Swollman# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1384149514Swollman# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 138593799Swollman# 1386149514Swollman# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1387149514Swollman# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1388149514Swollman# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1389149514Swollman# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1390149514Swollman# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1391149514Swollman# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1392149514Swollman# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1393149514Swollman# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1394149514Swollman# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1395149514Swollman 1396114173Swollman# 13972742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139893799Swollman# 139993799Swollman# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 140043014SwollmanZone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 140193799Swollman 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 140293799Swollman 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 140393799Swollman 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1404149514Swollman 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1405149514Swollman 6:00 - ALMT 140693799Swollman# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 140793799SwollmanZone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 140893799Swollman 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 140993799Swollman 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 141093799Swollman 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 141193799Swollman 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 141293799Swollman 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 141393799Swollman 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 141493799Swollman 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1415149514Swollman 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1416149514Swollman 6:00 - QYZT 141793799Swollman# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 141820094SwollmanZone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 141993799Swollman 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 142093799Swollman 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 142193799Swollman 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 142293799Swollman 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 142393799Swollman 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 142493799Swollman 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1425149514Swollman 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1426149514Swollman 5:00 - AQTT 142793799Swollman# Mangghystau 142893799Swollman# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 142993799Swollman# so include time stamps before 1963. 143093799SwollmanZone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 143193799Swollman 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 143293799Swollman 5:00 - FORT 1963 143393799Swollman 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 143493799Swollman 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 143593799Swollman 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 143693799Swollman 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1437121098Swollman 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1438149514Swollman 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1439149514Swollman 5:00 - AQTT 144093799Swollman# West Kazakhstan 144193799SwollmanZone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 144293799Swollman 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 144393799Swollman 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 144493799Swollman 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 144593799Swollman 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 144693799Swollman 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 144793799Swollman 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 144893799Swollman 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1449149514Swollman 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1450149514Swollman 5:00 - ORAT 14512742Swollman 145267578Swollman# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1453158421Swollman# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1454149514Swollman 1455149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1456149514Swollman# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1457149514Swollman# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1458149514Swollman# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1459149514Swollman# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1460153670Swollman# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1461153670Swollman# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1462153670Swollman# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1463149514Swollman 146420094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1465153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1466153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1467153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1468153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 14699908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 14709908SwollmanZone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 147143014Swollman 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 147219878Swollman 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 147358787Sru 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1474153670Swollman 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1475153670Swollman 6:00 - KGT 14769908Swollman 14772742Swollman############################################################################### 14782742Swollman 147943014Swollman# Korea (North and South) 14802742Swollman 1481163302Sru# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1482163302Sru# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1483163302Sru# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1484163302Sru# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1485163302Sru# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1486163302Sru# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 14872742Swollman 1488158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 14892742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 14902742SwollmanRule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 14912742SwollmanRule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1492158421SwollmanRule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1493158421SwollmanRule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 14942742Swollman 14952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 14962742SwollmanZone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 14972742Swollman 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 14982742Swollman 9:00 - KST 1928 14992742Swollman 8:30 - KST 1932 15002742Swollman 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 15012742Swollman 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 15022742Swollman 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 15032742Swollman 9:00 ROK K%sT 15042742SwollmanZone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 15052742Swollman 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 15062742Swollman 9:00 - KST 1928 15072742Swollman 8:30 - KST 1932 15082742Swollman 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 15092742Swollman 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 15102742Swollman 9:00 - KST 15112742Swollman 15122742Swollman############################################################################### 15132742Swollman 15142742Swollman# Kuwait 15152742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1516169811Swollman# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14): 1517169811Swollman# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded 1518169811Swollman# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in 1519169811Swollman# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba. 1520169811Swollman# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>. 1521169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 1522169811Swollman# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen, 1523169811Swollman# so for now we assume no DST. 15242742SwollmanZone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 15252742Swollman 3:00 - AST 15262742Swollman 15272742Swollman# Laos 15282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152967578SwollmanZone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 153019878Swollman 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 15312742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 15322742Swollman 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 15332742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 15342742Swollman 15352742Swollman# Lebanon 15362742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 153719878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 15382742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 153919878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 15402742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 154119878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 15422742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 154319878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 15442742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 154519878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 15462742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 154719878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 15482742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 154919878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 155019878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 15512742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 155219878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 155320094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 155419878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 155519878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 155620094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 155720094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 155820094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 155958787SruRule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 156058787SruRule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 15612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15622742SwollmanZone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 156319878Swollman 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 15642742Swollman 15652742Swollman# Malaysia 156619878Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 156786222SwollmanRule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 156819878SwollmanRule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 156986222Swollman# 1570136638Swollman# peninsular Malaysia 1571136638Swollman# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1572136638Swollman# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 15732742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1574136638SwollmanZone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1575136638Swollman 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1576136638Swollman 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1577136638Swollman 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1578136638Swollman 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1579136638Swollman 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1580136638Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1581136638Swollman 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 158219878Swollman 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 158386222Swollman# Sabah & Sarawak 1584158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1585158421Swollman# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1586136638Swollman# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1587136638Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 158819878SwollmanZone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 158919878Swollman 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1590136638Swollman 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1591136638Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1592136638Swollman 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 159319878Swollman 8:00 - MYT 15942742Swollman 15952742Swollman# Maldives 15962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159719878SwollmanZone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 159819878Swollman 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 159919878Swollman 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 16002742Swollman 16012742Swollman# Mongolia 160258787Sru 1603158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1604158421Swollman# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03) 160517200Swollman# both say that it has just one. 160658787Sru 160758787Sru# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 160858787Sru# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 160958787Sru# General Information Mongolia 161058787Sru# </a> (1999-09) 161158787Sru# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 161258787Sru# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 161358787Sru# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 161458787Sru# eight hours." 161558787Sru 161658787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 161758787Sru# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 161858787Sru# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 161958787Sru# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 162058787Sru# of implementation may have been different.... 162158787Sru# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 162258787Sru# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 162358787Sru# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 162458787Sru 162558787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 162658787Sru# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 162758787Sru# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 162858787Sru# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 162958787Sru# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 163058787Sru# is good enough for our purposes. 163158787Sru 163286222Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 163386222Swollman# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 163486222Swollman# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 163586222Swollman# there are three time zones. 163686222Swollman# 163786222Swollman# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 163886222Swollman# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 163986222Swollman# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 164086222Swollman# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 164186222Swollman# 164286222Swollman# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 164386222Swollman 1644149514Swollman# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1645136638Swollman# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1646136638Swollman# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1647136638Swollman# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1648136638Swollman# 1649136638Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1650136638Swollman# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1651136638Swollman# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1652136638Swollman 1653149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1654149514Swollman# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1655149514Swollman# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1656149514Swollman# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1657149514Swollman# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1658149514Swollman# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1659149514Swollman# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1660149514Swollman# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1661149514Swollman# He also found 1662149514Swollman# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1663149514Swollman# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1664149514Swollman# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1665149514Swollman# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1666149514Swollman# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1667149514Swollman# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1668149514Swollman# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1669149514Swollman# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1670149514Swollman 1671169811Swollman# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1672169811Swollman# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1673169811Swollman# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1674169811Swollman# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1675169811Swollman 1676181418Sedwin# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1677181418Sedwin# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1678181418Sedwin# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1679181418Sedwin# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1680181418Sedwin# database on this, e.g.: 1681181418Sedwin# 1682181418Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026"> 1683181418Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1684181418Sedwin# </a> 1685181418Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx"> 1686181418Sedwin# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1687181418Sedwin# </a> 1688181418Sedwin# 1689181418Sedwin# both say GMT+08:00. 1690181418Sedwin 1691181418Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1692181418Sedwin# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1693181418Sedwin# schedule here: 1694181424Sedwin# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112"> 1695181418Sedwin# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1696181418Sedwin# </a> 1697181418Sedwin# (click the English flag for English) 1698181418Sedwin# 1699181418Sedwin# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive 1700181418Sedwin# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1701181418Sedwin# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1702181418Sedwin# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are 1703181418Sedwin# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1704181418Sedwin# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1705181418Sedwin 1706181418Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1707181418Sedwin# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1708181418Sedwin# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1709181418Sedwin# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1710181418Sedwin# this is almost surely wrong. 1711181418Sedwin 17122742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 171386222SwollmanRule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 171486222SwollmanRule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1715158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1716158421Swollman# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1717158421Swollman# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1718158421Swollman# 1719158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1720158421Swollman# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place 1721158421Swollman# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1722158421Swollman# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1723158421Swollman# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1724158421Swollman# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1725158421Swollman 1726158421SwollmanRule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1727158421SwollmanRule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 172858787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1729136638SwollmanRule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1730169811SwollmanRule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1731169811SwollmanRule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 173258787Sru 17332742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 173486222Swollman# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 173558787SruZone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 173658787Sru 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 173758787Sru 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 173886222Swollman# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 173958787SruZone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 174058787Sru 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 174119878Swollman 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 174286222Swollman# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 174386222Swollman# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 174486222SwollmanZone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 174586222Swollman 7:00 - ULAT 1978 174686222Swollman 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1747181418Sedwin 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1748181418Sedwin 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 17492742Swollman 17502742Swollman# Nepal 17512742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1752187588SedwinZone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 17532742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1986 175419878Swollman 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 17552742Swollman 17562742Swollman# Oman 17572742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 17582742SwollmanZone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 17592742Swollman 4:00 - GST 17602742Swollman 17612742Swollman# Pakistan 176293799Swollman 176393799Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 176493799Swollman# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 176593799Swollman# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 176693799Swollman# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 176793799Swollman# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 176893799Swollman# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 176993799Swollman 177093799Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 177193799Swollman# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 177293799Swollman# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 177393799Swollman# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 177493799Swollman# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 177593799Swollman# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 177693799Swollman# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 177793799Swollman# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 177893799Swollman# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 177993799Swollman# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 178093799Swollman# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 178193799Swollman 1782114173Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1783114173Swollman# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1784114173Swollman# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1785114173Swollman 1786114173Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1787114173Swollman# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1788114173Swollman# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1789114173Swollman# 1790114173Swollman# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1791114173Swollman# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1792114173Swollman# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1793114173Swollman# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1794114173Swollman# 1795114173Swollman# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1796114173Swollman# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1797114173Swollman 1798181418Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 1799181418Sedwin# 1800181418Sedwin# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 1801181418Sedwin# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 1802181418Sedwin# 1803181418Sedwin# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 1804181418Sedwin# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 1805181418Sedwin# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 1806181418Sedwin# ...." 1807181418Sedwin# 1808181418Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html"> 1809181418Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 1810181418Sedwin# </a> 1811181418Sedwin# OR 1812181418Sedwin# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4"> 1813181418Sedwin# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 1814181418Sedwin# </a> 1815114173Swollman 1816181418Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1817181418Sedwin# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 1818181418Sedwin 1819183066Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 1820183066Sedwin# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 1821183066Sedwin# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 1822183066Sedwin# instead of August 31. 1823183066Sedwin# 1824183066Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html"> 1825183066Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 1826183066Sedwin# </a> 1827183066Sedwin# OR 1828183066Sedwin# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html"> 1829183066Sedwin# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 1830183066Sedwin# </a> 1831183066Sedwin 1832191052Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 1833191052Sedwin# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 1834191052Sedwin# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 1835191052Sedwin# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 1836191052Sedwin# official working." 1837191052Sedwin# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280"> 1838191052Sedwin# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 1839191052Sedwin# </a> 1840191052Sedwin# 1841191052Sedwin# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 1842191052Sedwin# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 1843191052Sedwin# 1844191052Sedwin# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 1845191052Sedwin# April 08, 2009 1846191052Sedwin# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 1847191052Sedwin# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1"> 1848191052Sedwin# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 1849191052Sedwin# </a> 1850191052Sedwin# 1851191052Sedwin# or 1852191052Sedwin# 1853191052Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html"> 1854191052Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 1855191052Sedwin# </a> 1856191052Sedwin# 1857191052Sedwin# .... 1858191052Sedwin# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 1859191052Sedwin# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 1860191052Sedwin# conserve energy" 1861191052Sedwin 1862197597Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 1863197597Sedwin# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 1864197597Sedwin# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 1865197597Sedwin# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 1866197597Sedwin# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 1867197597Sedwin# this regard." 1868197597Sedwin# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168"> 1869197597Sedwin# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 1870197597Sedwin# </a> 1871191052Sedwin 1872198270Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 1873198270Sedwin# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1874198270Sedwin# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1875198270Sedwin# 1, 2009. 1876198270Sedwin# 1877198270Sedwin# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 1878198270Sedwin# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2"> 1879198270Sedwin# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 1880198270Sedwin# </a> 1881198270Sedwin# or 1882198270Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm"> 1883198270Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 1884198270Sedwin# </a> 1885198270Sedwin 1886198270Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 1887198270Sedwin# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote: 1888198270Sedwin# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1889198270Sedwin# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1890198270Sedwin# > 1, 2009. 1891198270Sedwin# 1892198270Sedwin# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 1893198270Sedwin# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742"> 1894198270Sedwin# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 1895198270Sedwin# </a> 1896198270Sedwin# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 1897198270Sedwin# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 1898198270Sedwin# Monday." 1899198270Sedwin# 1900198270Sedwin# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 1901198270Sedwin# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 1902198270Sedwin# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 1903198270Sedwin# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 1904198270Sedwin# 1905198270Sedwin# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 1906198270Sedwin# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 1907198270Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html"> 1908198270Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 1909198270Sedwin# </a> 1910198270Sedwin 1911198270Sedwin# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01): 1912198270Sedwin# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 1913198270Sedwin# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 1914198270Sedwin 191593799Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1916114173SwollmanRule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1917114173SwollmanRule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1918181418SedwinRule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1919183066SedwinRule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1920198270SedwinRule Pakistan 2009 max - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 1921198270SedwinRule Pakistan 2009 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 19222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 19232742SwollmanZone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 19242742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 19252742Swollman 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 19262742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 192719878Swollman 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 192893799Swollman 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 19292742Swollman 19302742Swollman# Palestine 193143014Swollman 1932149514Swollman# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 193343014Swollman# 193443014Swollman# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 193543014Swollman# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 193643014Swollman# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 193743014Swollman# 193843014Swollman# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 193943014Swollman# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 194043014Swollman# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 194143014Swollman# though. 194243014Swollman# 194343014Swollman# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 194443014Swollman# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 194543014Swollman# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 194643014Swollman# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 194743014Swollman# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 194843014Swollman# East Jerusalem. 194943014Swollman# 195043014Swollman# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 195143014Swollman# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 195243014Swollman# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 195343014Swollman# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 195443014Swollman# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 195543014Swollman# 195643014Swollman# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 195743014Swollman# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 195843014Swollman# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 195943014Swollman# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 196043014Swollman# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 196143014Swollman# Jordanian one). 196243014Swollman# 196343014Swollman# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 196443014Swollman# 196543014Swollman# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 196643014Swollman# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 196743014Swollman# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 196843014Swollman# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 196943014Swollman# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 197043014Swollman# 197143014Swollman# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 197243014Swollman# have one). 197343014Swollman 1974158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1975158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 197643014Swollman# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 197743014Swollman# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 197843014Swollman# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 197943014Swollman# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 198043014Swollman# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 198143014Swollman# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 198243014Swollman# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 198343014Swollman# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 198443014Swollman# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 198543014Swollman 198643014Swollman# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 198743014Swollman# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 198843014Swollman# 198943014Swollman# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 199043014Swollman# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 199143014Swollman# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 199243014Swollman# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 199343014Swollman 199458787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 199558787Sru# Daoud Kuttab writes in 199658787Sru# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 199758787Sru# Holiday havoc 199858787Sru# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 199958787Sru# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 200058787Sru# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 200158787Sru# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 200258787Sru# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 200358787Sru 2004153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2005153670Swollman# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2006153670Swollman 2007158421Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2008158421Swollman# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2009158421Swollman# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2010158421Swollman# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2011158421Swollman# earlier--the same goes for Jordan. 2012158421Swollman 2013163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2014163302Sru# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2015163302Sru# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2016163302Sru# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2017163302Sru# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2018163302Sru# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2019163302Sru# the West Bank. 2020163302Sru 2021163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2022163302Sru# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2023163302Sru# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2024163302Sru# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2025163302Sru# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2026163302Sru# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2027163302Sru# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2028163302Sru# because of the Ramadan. 2029163302Sru 2030172479Sedwin# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2031172479Sedwin# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2032172479Sedwin# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2033172479Sedwin 2034172479Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2035172479Sedwin# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2036172479Sedwin# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2037172479Sedwin# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2038172479Sedwin# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2039172479Sedwin# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2040172479Sedwin 2041183066Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2042183066Sedwin# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2043183066Sedwin# 2044183066Sedwin# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2045183066Sedwin# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2046183066Sedwin# 2047183066Sedwin# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001"> 2048183066Sedwin# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2049183066Sedwin# </a> 2050183066Sedwin# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087"> 2051183066Sedwin# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2052183066Sedwin# </a> 2053183066Sedwin# or 2054183066Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html"> 2055183066Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2056183066Sedwin# </a> 2057183066Sedwin 2058190991Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2059190991Sedwin# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2060190991Sedwin# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2061190991Sedwin# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2062190991Sedwin# 2063190991Sedwin# (in Arabic) 2064190991Sedwin# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850"> 2065190991Sedwin# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2066190991Sedwin# </a> 2067190991Sedwin# 2068190991Sedwin# or 2069190991Sedwin# (English translation) 2070190991Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html"> 2071190991Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2072190991Sedwin# </a> 2073190991Sedwin 2074197000Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2075197000Sedwin# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2076197000Sedwin# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2077197000Sedwin# 2078197000Sedwin# One news source: 2079197000Sedwin# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158"> 2080197000Sedwin# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2081197000Sedwin# </a> 2082197000Sedwin# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2083197000Sedwin# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2084197000Sedwin# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2085197000Sedwin# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2086197000Sedwin# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2087197000Sedwin# 2088197000Sedwin# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2089197000Sedwin# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2090197000Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html"> 2091197000Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2092197000Sedwin# </a> 2093197000Sedwin 2094197000Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2095197000Sedwin# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2096197000Sedwin# 2097197000Sedwin# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2098197000Sedwin# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2099197000Sedwin# 2100197000Sedwin# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2101197000Sedwin# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2102197000Sedwin# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2103197000Sedwin# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2104197000Sedwin# </a> 2105197000Sedwin# or 2106197000Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html> 2107197000Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2108197000Sedwin# </a> 2109197000Sedwin 2110206219Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2111206219Sedwin# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2112206219Sedwin# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2113206219Sedwin# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2114206219Sedwin# 2115206219Sedwin# <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697"> 2116206219Sedwin# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2117206219Sedwin# </a> 2118206219Sedwin# (in Arabic) 2119206219Sedwin# or 2120206219Sedwin# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html"> 2121206219Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2122206219Sedwin# </a> 2123206219Sedwin 2124206219Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2125206219Sedwin# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2126206219Sedwin# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2127206219Sedwin# noon though: 2128206219Sedwin# 2129206219Sedwin# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178"> 2130206219Sedwin# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2131206219Sedwin# </a> 2132206219Sedwin# (Ma'an News Agency) 2133206219Sedwin# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2134206219Sedwin# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2135206219Sedwin 213658787Sru# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 21372742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 213819878SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 213917200SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 214019878SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 214120094SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 214217200SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 214320094SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 214458787Sru 2145163302SruRule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2146153670SwollmanRule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2147153670SwollmanRule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2148163302SruRule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2149190991SedwinRule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2150163302SruRule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2151183066SedwinRule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2152190991SedwinRule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 2:00 0 - 2153206219SedwinRule Palestine 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2154206219SedwinRule Palestine 2010 max - Mar lastSat 0:01 1:00 S 2155197000SedwinRule Palestine 2009 max - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 - 215658787Sru 21572742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 21582742SwollmanZone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 215943014Swollman 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 216043014Swollman 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 216143014Swollman 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 216258787Sru 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 216358787Sru 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 21642742Swollman 216514343Swollman# Paracel Is 216614343Swollman# no information 216714343Swollman 21682742Swollman# Philippines 216975267Swollman# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the 217075267Swollman# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 217175267Swollman# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a 217275267Swollman# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. 2173158421Swollman# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2174158421Swollman 2175158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2176158421Swollman# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of 2177158421Swollman# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the 2178158421Swollman# rainy season begins. See 2179158421Swollman# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. 2180158421Swollman# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. 2181158421Swollman# 2182158421Swollman# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2183158421Swollman# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2184158421Swollman# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2185158421Swollman# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2186158421Swollman# but no details] 2187158421Swollman 21882742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 218919878SwollmanRule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 219019878SwollmanRule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 219119878SwollmanRule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 219219878SwollmanRule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 219319878SwollmanRule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 219419878SwollmanRule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 21952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 219675267SwollmanZone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 21972742Swollman 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 219819878Swollman 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 21992742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 220019878Swollman 8:00 Phil PH%sT 22012742Swollman 22022742Swollman# Qatar 22032742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 220467578SwollmanZone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 22052742Swollman 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 22062742Swollman 3:00 - AST 22072742Swollman 22082742Swollman# Saudi Arabia 22092742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 22102742SwollmanZone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 22112742Swollman 3:00 - AST 22122742Swollman 22132742Swollman# Singapore 2214136638Swollman# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2215136638Swollman# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 22162742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2217136638SwollmanZone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2218136638Swollman 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2219136638Swollman 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2220136638Swollman 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2221136638Swollman 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2222136638Swollman 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2223136638Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 222419878Swollman 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2225136638Swollman 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 22262742Swollman 8:00 - SGT 22272742Swollman 222814343Swollman# Spratly Is 222914343Swollman# no information 223014343Swollman 22312742Swollman# Sri Lanka 223219878Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 223358787Sru# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 223458787Sru# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 223558787Sru# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 223619878Swollman# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 223719878Swollman# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 223830711Swollman# 223930711Swollman# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 224043014Swollman# by Shamindra in 224143014Swollman# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> 224243014Swollman# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) 224343014Swollman# </a>: 224430711Swollman# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 224530711Swollman# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 224619878Swollman 2247158421Swollman# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2248158421Swollman# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2249158421Swollman# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2250158421Swollman# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2251158421Swollman 2252158421Swollman# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2253158421Swollman# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> 2254158421Swollman# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2255158421Swollman# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2256158421Swollman# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2257158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2258177591Sedwin# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2259158421Swollman# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2260158421Swollman 2261158421Swollman# From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2262158421Swollman# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2263158421Swollman# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2264158421Swollman# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2265158421Swollman# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2266158421Swollman# 2267158421Swollman# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments 2268158421Swollman# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2269158421Swollman# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2270158421Swollman# 2271158421Swollman# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2272158421Swollman# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2273158421Swollman# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2274158421Swollman# item.... 2275158421Swollman# 2276158421Swollman# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2277158421Swollman# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2278158421Swollman# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2279158421Swollman# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2280158421Swollman# slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2281158421Swollman# 2282158421Swollman# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2283158421Swollman# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2284158421Swollman# all computers. 2285158421Swollman 2286158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2287158421Swollman# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2288158421Swollman# and then see what people actually say in practice. 2289158421Swollman 22902742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 22912742SwollmanZone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 229243014Swollman 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 22932742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 22942742Swollman 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 22952742Swollman 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 229619878Swollman 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 229730711Swollman 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2298158421Swollman 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2299158421Swollman 5:30 - IST 23002742Swollman 23012742Swollman# Syria 23022742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 230319878SwollmanRule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 23042742SwollmanRule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 230519878SwollmanRule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 23062742SwollmanRule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 230719878SwollmanRule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 23082742SwollmanRule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 23092742SwollmanRule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 23102742SwollmanRule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 231119878SwollmanRule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 23122742SwollmanRule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 231319878SwollmanRule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 23142742SwollmanRule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 231519878SwollmanRule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 23162742SwollmanRule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 231719878SwollmanRule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 23182742SwollmanRule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 231919878SwollmanRule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 23202742SwollmanRule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 232119878SwollmanRule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 232219878SwollmanRule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 23232742SwollmanRule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 232420094SwollmanRule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 232520094SwollmanRule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 232620094SwollmanRule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 232720094SwollmanRule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 232820094SwollmanRule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 232920094SwollmanRule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 233020094SwollmanRule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 233158787Sru# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 233258787Sru# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 233358787Sru# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2334163302Sru# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2335163302Sru# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2336163302Sru# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 233758787SruRule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2338163302SruRule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 233958787SruRule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2340169811SwollmanRule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2341163302Sru# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2342163302Sru# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2343163302Sru# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2344163302SruRule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2345169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2346169811Swollman# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2347169811Swollman# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2348177591SedwinRule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2349173319Sedwin# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27): 2350173319Sedwin# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2351173319Sedwin# not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or 2352173319Sedwin# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than 2353173319Sedwin# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2354173319Sedwin# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2355173319Sedwin# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2356173319Sedwin# 2357173319Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2358173319Sedwin# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote: 2359173319Sedwin# 2360173319Sedwin# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2361173319Sedwin# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2362173319Sedwin# 2363173319Sedwin# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2364173319Sedwin# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2365173319Sedwin# 2366173319Sedwin# which using Google's translate tools says: 2367173319Sedwin# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2368173319Sedwin# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2369173319Sedwin# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2370177591SedwinRule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2371177591Sedwin 2372177591Sedwin# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2373177591Sedwin# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2374177591Sedwin# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA 2375177591Sedwin# are now using: 2376177591Sedwin# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2377177591Sedwin# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2378177591Sedwin# Variation 2379177591Sedwin# Syrian Arab 2380177591Sedwin# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2381177591Sedwin# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2382177591Sedwin# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2383177591Sedwin 2384177591Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2385177591Sedwin# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2386177591Sedwin# Agency (SANA)... 2387177591Sedwin# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm"> 2388177591Sedwin# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2389177591Sedwin# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2390177591Sedwin# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2391177591Sedwin# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2392177591Sedwin# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2393177591Sedwin# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2394177591Sedwin 2395177591Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2396177591Sedwin# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2397177591Sedwin# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2398177591Sedwin# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2399177591Sedwin# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2400177591Sedwin 2401183864Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2402183864Sedwin# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2403183864Sedwin# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2404183864Sedwin# 2405183864Sedwin# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2406183864Sedwin# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2407183864Sedwin# clocks back 60 minutes). 2408183864Sedwin# 2409183864Sedwin# <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm"> 2410183864Sedwin# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2411183864Sedwin# </a> 2412183864Sedwin 2413190372Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2414190372Sedwin# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2415190372Sedwin# two examples: 2416190372Sedwin# 2417190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm"> 2418190372Sedwin# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2419190372Sedwin# </a> 2420190372Sedwin# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2421190372Sedwin# <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209"> 2422190372Sedwin# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2423190372Sedwin# </a> 2424190372Sedwin# (Arabic, gov-site) 2425190372Sedwin# 2426190372Sedwin# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2427190372Sedwin# 2428190372Sedwin# Our summary 2429190372Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html"> 2430190372Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2431190372Sedwin# </a> 2432190372Sedwin 2433198825Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2434198825Sedwin# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2435198825Sedwin# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2436198825Sedwin# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2437198825Sedwin# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm"> 2438198825Sedwin# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2439198825Sedwin# </a> 2440198825Sedwin 2441198825Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2442198825Sedwin# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2443198825Sedwin# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2444198825Sedwin# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2445198825Sedwin 2446205475Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 2447205475Sedwin# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 2448205475Sedwin# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 2449205475Sedwin# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 2450205475Sedwin# <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421"> 2451205475Sedwin# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 2452205475Sedwin# </a> 2453205475Sedwin 2454190372SedwinRule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2455198825SedwinRule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2456205475SedwinRule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2457205475SedwinRule Syria 2010 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2458198825SedwinRule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2459177591Sedwin 24602742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 246167578SwollmanZone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 246219878Swollman 2:00 Syria EE%sT 24632742Swollman 24642742Swollman# Tajikistan 2465158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger. 24662742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 24672742SwollmanZone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 246843014Swollman 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 246919878Swollman 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 247058787Sru 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 247119878Swollman 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 24722742Swollman 24732742Swollman# Thailand 24742742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 24752742SwollmanZone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 247619878Swollman 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 24772742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 24782742Swollman 24792742Swollman# Turkmenistan 2480158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger. 24812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 248267578SwollmanZone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 248343014Swollman 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 248458787Sru 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 248558787Sru 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2486158421Swollman 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 248743014Swollman 5:00 - TMT 24882742Swollman 24892742Swollman# United Arab Emirates 24902742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 24912742SwollmanZone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 24922742Swollman 4:00 - GST 24932742Swollman 24942742Swollman# Uzbekistan 24952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249643014SwollmanZone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 249743014Swollman 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 249843014Swollman 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 249943014Swollman 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2500158421Swollman 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2501158421Swollman 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 250258787Sru 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 250343014Swollman 5:00 - UZT 25042742SwollmanZone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 250543014Swollman 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2506158421Swollman 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 250758787Sru 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 250858787Sru 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 250943014Swollman 5:00 - UZT 25102742Swollman 25112742Swollman# Vietnam 2512158421Swollman 2513177591Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2514177591Sedwin# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City"; 2515177591Sedwin# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2516158421Swollman 2517158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 25182742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2519177591SedwinZone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 252019878Swollman 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 25212742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 25222742Swollman 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 25232742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 25242742Swollman 25252742Swollman# Yemen 25262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25272742SwollmanZone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 25282742Swollman 3:00 - AST 2529