asia revision 181421
1# @(#)asia 8.21 2# <pre> 3 4# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 7 8# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 9# 10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 13# 14# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 18# of the IATA's data after 1990. 19# 20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 21# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 22# 23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25# I found in the UCLA library. 26# 27# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 28# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 29# 30# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 31# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 32# Corrections are welcome! 33# std dst 34# LMT Local Mean Time 35# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 36# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 37# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 38# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 39# 4:00 GST Gulf* 40# 5:30 IST India 41# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 42# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 43# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 44# 8:00 CST China 45# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 46# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 47# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 48# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 49# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 50# 51# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 52 53# From Guy Harris: 54# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 55# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 56# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 57# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 58 59############################################################################### 60 61# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 62# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 63Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 64Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 65Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 66Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 67Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 68Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 69Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 70Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 71Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 72Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 73Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 74Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 75Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 76Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 77Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 78 79# Afghanistan 80# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 81Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 82 4:00 - AFT 1945 83 4:30 - AFT 84 85# Armenia 86# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 87# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 88# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 89# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 90# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 91# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 92# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 93# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 94# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 95# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 96Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 97 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 98 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 99 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 100 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 101 4:00 - AMT 1997 102 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 103 104# Azerbaijan 105# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 106# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 107# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 110Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 111# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 112Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 113 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 114 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 115 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 116 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 117 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 118 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 119 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 120 121# Bahrain 122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 123Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 124 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 125 3:00 - AST 126 127# Bangladesh 128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 130 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 131 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 132 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 133 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 134 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 135 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time 136 137# Bhutan 138# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 140 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 141 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 142 143# British Indian Ocean Territory 144# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 145# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 146# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 147# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 148# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 149# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 150Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 151 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 152 6:00 - IOT 153 154# Brunei 155# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 157 7:30 - BNT 1933 158 8:00 - BNT 159 160# Burma / Myanmar 161# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 162Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 163 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 164 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 165 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 166 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 167 168# Cambodia 169# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 170Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 171 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 172 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 173 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 174 7:00 - ICT 175 176# China 177 178# From Guy Harris: 179# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 180 181# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 182# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 183# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 184# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 185# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 186# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 187# 188# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 189# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 190# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 191# 192# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 193# 1987 mid-April - ?? 194 195# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 196# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 197# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 198 199# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 200# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau) 201# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST 202# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 203# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 204# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other 205# pre-1980 time zones. 206 207# From Shanks & Pottenger: 208# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 209Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 210Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 211Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 212Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 213Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 214Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 215 216# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 217# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 218# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 219# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 220# 221# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 222# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 223# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 224# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 225# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 226# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 227# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 228# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 229# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 230# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 231 232# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 233# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk 234# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986 235# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim 236# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 237# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this 238# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began 239# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 240# 241# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11): 242# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated 243# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't 244# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near 245# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a 246# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was 247# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s). 248# 249# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 250# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949 251# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a 252# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with 253# Shanks & Pottenger. 254 255# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 257# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 258Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 259 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 260 8:00 - CST 1940 261 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 262 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 263 8:00 PRC C%sT 264# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 265# most of China 266Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 267 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 268 8:00 PRC C%sT 269# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 270# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 271# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 272# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 273# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 274Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 275 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 276 8:00 PRC C%sT 277# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 278# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 279# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 280# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 281# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 282# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 283# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 284# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 285# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 286Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 287 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 288 8:00 PRC C%sT 289# Kunlun Time 290# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 291# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 292# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 293# and Yarkand. 294Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 295 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 296 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 297 8:00 PRC C%sT 298 299# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 300# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 301Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 302Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 303Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 304Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 305Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 306Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 307Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 308Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 309Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 310Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 311Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 312Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 313Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 314Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 315Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 316# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 317Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 318 8:00 HK HK%sT 319 320 321############################################################################### 322 323# Taiwan 324 325# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 326# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 327# have any other information. 328 329# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 330Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 331Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 332Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 333Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 334Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 335Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 336Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 337Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 338Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 339Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 340Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 341# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 342Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 343 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 344 345# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 346# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 347Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 348Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 349Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 350Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 351Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 352Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 353Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 354Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 355Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 356Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 357Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 358Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 359Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 360Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 361# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 362Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 363 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 364 8:00 PRC C%sT 365 366 367############################################################################### 368 369# Cyprus 370# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 371Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 372Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 373Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 374Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 375Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 376Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 377Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 378Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 379Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 380# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 381Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 382 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 383 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 384# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 385 386# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 387# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 388Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 389 390# Georgia 391# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 392# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 393# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 394# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 395# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 396# 397# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 398# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 399# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 400# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 401# 402# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 403# 404# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 405# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 406# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 407# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 408# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 409# of integration into Europe. 410 411# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 412# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 413# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 414# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 415# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 416# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 417# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 418# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 419# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 420 421 422# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 423Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 424 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 425 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 426 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 427 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 428 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 429 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 430 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 431 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 432 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 433 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 434 4:00 - GET 435 436# East Timor 437 438# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 439 440# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 441# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 442# East Timor may be late for its millennium 443# </a> (1999-12-26/31): 444# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 445# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 446# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 447# conflicts with their way of life. 448 449# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 450# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 451# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 452 453# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 454# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 455# (2000-08-16)</a>: 456# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 457# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 458# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 459# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 460 461# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 462Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 463 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 464 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 465 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 466 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 467 9:00 - TLT 468 469# India 470# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 471Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 472 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 473 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 474 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 475 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 476 5:30 - IST 477# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 478# Andaman Is 479# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 480# Nicobar Is 481 482# Indonesia 483# 484# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 485# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 486# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 487# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 488# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 489# 490# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 491# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 492# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 493# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 494# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 495# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 496# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 497# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions 498# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 499# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 500# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 501# switched on 1945-09-23. 502# 503# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 504Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 505# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 506# but this must be a typo. 507 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 508 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 509 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 510 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 511 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 512 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 513 7:30 - WIT 1964 514 7:00 - WIT 515Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 516 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 517 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 518 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 519 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 520 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 521 7:30 - WIT 1964 522 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 523 7:00 - WIT 524Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 525 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 526 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 527 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 528 8:00 - CIT 529Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 530 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1 531 9:30 - CST 1964 532 9:00 - EIT 533 534# Iran 535 536# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 537# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 538# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 539# 540# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 541# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 542# 543# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 544# 545# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 546# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 547# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 548# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 549# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 550# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 551# 552# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 553# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 554# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 555# Shahrivar. 556# 557# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 558# 559# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 560# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 561# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 562# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 563# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 564# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 565# 566# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 567# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 568# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 569# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 570# plan to change that law.... 571# 572# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 573# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 574# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 575# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 576# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 577# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 578# 579# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 580# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 581# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 582# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 583# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 584# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 585# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 586# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 587# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 588# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 589# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 590# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 591# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 592# 593# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 594# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 595# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 596# 597# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen: 598# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 599# daylight saving time ... 600# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 601# 602# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 603# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 604# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 605# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 606# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 607# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 608# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 609# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 610# 611# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 612Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 613Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 614Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 615Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 616Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 617Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 618Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 619Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 620Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 621Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 622Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 623Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 624Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 625Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 626Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 627Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 628Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 629Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 630Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 631Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 632Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 633Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 634Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 635Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 636Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 637Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 638Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 639Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 640Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 641Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 642Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 643Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 644Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 645Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 646Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 647Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 648Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 649Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 650Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 651Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 652Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 653Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 654Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 655Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 656Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 657Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 658Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 659Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 660Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 661# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 662Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 663 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 664 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 665 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 666 3:30 Iran IR%sT 667 668 669# Iraq 670# 671# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 672# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 673# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 674# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 675# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 676# 677# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 678# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 679# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 680# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 681# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 682# 683# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 684 685# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 686# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 687# news sources (in Arabic): 688# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html"> 689# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 690# </a> 691# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10"> 692# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 693# </a> 694# 695# We have published a short article in English about the change: 696# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html"> 697# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 698# </a> 699 700# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 701Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 702Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 703Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 704Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 705Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 706Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 707# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 708# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 709# 710Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 711Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 712# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 713Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 714 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 715 3:00 - AST 1982 May 716 3:00 Iraq A%sT 717 718 719############################################################################### 720 721# Israel 722 723# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 724# 725# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 726# different abbreviations in use: 727# 728# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 729# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 730# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 731# 732# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 733# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 734# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 735# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 736# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 737# settings in Israeli computers. 738# 739# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 740# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 741# family is from India). 742 743# From Shanks & Pottenger: 744# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 745Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 746Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 747Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 748Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 749Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 750Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 751Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 752Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 753Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 754Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 755Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 756Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 757Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 758Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 759Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 760Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 761Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 762Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 763Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 764Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 765Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 766Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 767Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 768Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 769Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 770Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 771Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 772Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 773Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 774Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 775Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 776Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 777Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 778Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 779Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 780Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 781Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 782Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 783Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 784Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 785 786# From Ephraim Silverberg 787# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 788# and 2005-02-17): 789 790# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 791# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 792# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 793# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 794# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 795# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 796# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 797# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 798# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 799# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 800# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 801# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 802# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 803# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 804# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 805# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 806# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 807# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 808# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 809# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 810# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 811# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 812 813# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 814Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 815Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 816Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 817Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 818Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 819Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 820Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 821Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 822Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 823Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 824 825# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 826# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 827# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 828 829# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 830Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 831Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 832Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 833Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 834 835# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 836# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 837# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 838# 839# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 840# 841# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 842# 843# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 844# 845# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 846# 847# where YYYY is the relevant year. 848 849# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 850Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 851Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 852Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 853Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 854Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 855Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 856Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 857Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 858 859# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 860# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 861# years 2001-2004 as well. 862# 863# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 864# 865# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 866# 867# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 868# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 869# 870# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 871 872# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 873Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 874Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 875Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 876Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 877Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 878Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 879Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 880Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 881Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 882Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 883 884# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 885# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 886# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 887# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 888# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 889# 890# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 891# 892# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 893 894# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 895# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 896# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 897# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 898# to generate the transitions in this list. 899# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 900# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 901# 902# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 903# 904# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 905# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 906# springtime transitions explicitly. 907 908# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 909Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 910Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 911Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 912Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 913Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 914Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 915Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 916Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 917Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 918Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 919Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 920Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 921Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 922Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 923Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 924Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 925Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 926Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 927Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 928Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 929Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 930Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 931Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 932Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 933Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 934Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 935Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 936Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 937Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 938Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 939Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 940Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 941Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 942Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 943Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 944Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 945Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 946Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 947Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 948Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 949Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 950Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 951Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 952 953# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 954Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 955 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 956 2:00 Zion I%sT 957 958 959 960############################################################################### 961 962# Japan 963 964# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 965 966# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 967# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 968# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 969# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 970 971# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 972# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 973# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 974# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 975# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 976# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 977# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 978# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 979# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 980# wanted to keep it.) 981 982# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 983# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 984# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 985Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 986Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 987Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 988Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 989# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 990# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 991# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 992# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 993 994# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 995# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 996# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 997# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 998# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 999# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1000# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1001 1002# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1003# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1004# which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 1005# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1006# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1007# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 1008# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1009# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1010# standard.... 1011# 1012# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1013# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1014 1015# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few 1016# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all 1017# ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 1018 1019# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1020Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1021 9:00 - JST 1896 1022 9:00 - CJT 1938 1023 9:00 Japan J%sT 1024# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1025 1026# Jordan 1027# 1028# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 1029# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1030# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1031# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1032# all year round. 1033# 1034# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 1035# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1036# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1037# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1038# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1039# government's departments from six to seven hours. 1040# 1041# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1042# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1043# 1044# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1045# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1046# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1047# 1048# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1049# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1050# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1051# 1052# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1053Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1054Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1055Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1056Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1057Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1058Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1059Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1060Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1061Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1062Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1063Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1064Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1065Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1066Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1067Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1068Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1069Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1070Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1071Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1072Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1073Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1074Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 - 1075Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1076Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1077Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1078Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1079Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1080# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1081Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1082 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1083 1084 1085# Kazakhstan 1086 1087# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1088# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1089# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1090# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1091# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1092# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1093 1094# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1095# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1096# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1097# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1098# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1099# 1100# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1101# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1102# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1103 1104# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 1105# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 1106# </a> 1107# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1108# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1109# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1110# 1111# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1112# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1113# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1114# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1115# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1116# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1117# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1118# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1119# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1120 1121# 1122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1123# 1124# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1125Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1126 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1127 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1128 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1129 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1130 6:00 - ALMT 1131# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1132Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1133 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1134 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1135 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1136 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1137 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1138 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1139 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1140 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1141 6:00 - QYZT 1142# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1143Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1144 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1145 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1146 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1147 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1148 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1149 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1150 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1151 5:00 - AQTT 1152# Mangghystau 1153# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1154# so include time stamps before 1963. 1155Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1156 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1157 5:00 - FORT 1963 1158 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1159 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1160 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1161 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1162 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1163 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1164 5:00 - AQTT 1165# West Kazakhstan 1166Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1167 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1168 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1169 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1170 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1171 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1172 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1173 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1174 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1175 5:00 - ORAT 1176 1177# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1178# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1179 1180# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1181# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1182# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1183# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1184# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1185# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1186# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1187# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1188 1189# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1190Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1191Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1192Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1193Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1194# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1195Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1196 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1197 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1198 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1199 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1200 6:00 - KGT 1201 1202############################################################################### 1203 1204# Korea (North and South) 1205 1206# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1207# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1208# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1209# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1210# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1211# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 1212 1213# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1214# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1215Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1216Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1217Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1218Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1219 1220# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1221Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1222 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1223 9:00 - KST 1928 1224 8:30 - KST 1932 1225 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1226 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1227 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1228 9:00 ROK K%sT 1229Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1230 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1231 9:00 - KST 1928 1232 8:30 - KST 1932 1233 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1234 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1235 9:00 - KST 1236 1237############################################################################### 1238 1239# Kuwait 1240# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1241# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14): 1242# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded 1243# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in 1244# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba. 1245# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>. 1246# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 1247# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen, 1248# so for now we assume no DST. 1249Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1250 3:00 - AST 1251 1252# Laos 1253# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1254Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1255 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1256 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1257 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1258 7:00 - ICT 1259 1260# Lebanon 1261# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1262Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1263Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1264Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1265Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1266Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1267Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1268Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1269Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1270Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1271Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1272Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1273Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1274Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1275Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1276Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1277Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1278Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1279Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1280Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1281Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1282Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1283Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1284Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1285Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1286# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1287Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1288 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1289 1290# Malaysia 1291# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1292Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1293Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1294# 1295# peninsular Malaysia 1296# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1297# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1298# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1299Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1300 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1301 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1302 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1303 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1304 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1305 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1306 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1307 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1308# Sabah & Sarawak 1309# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1310# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1311# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1312# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1313Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1314 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1315 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1316 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1317 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1318 8:00 - MYT 1319 1320# Maldives 1321# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1322Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1323 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1324 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1325 1326# Mongolia 1327 1328# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1329# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03) 1330# both say that it has just one. 1331 1332# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1333# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1334# General Information Mongolia 1335# </a> (1999-09) 1336# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1337# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1338# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1339# eight hours." 1340 1341# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1342# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1343# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1344# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1345# of implementation may have been different.... 1346# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1347# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1348# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1349 1350# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1351# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1352# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1353# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1354# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1355# is good enough for our purposes. 1356 1357# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1358# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1359# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1360# there are three time zones. 1361# 1362# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1363# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1364# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1365# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1366# 1367# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1368 1369# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1370# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1371# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1372# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1373# 1374# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1375# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1376# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1377 1378# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1379# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1380# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1381# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1382# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1383# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1384# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1385# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1386# He also found 1387# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1388# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1389# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1390# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1391# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1392# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1393# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1394# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1395 1396# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1397# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1398# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1399# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1400 1401# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1402# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1403# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1404# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1405# database on this, e.g.: 1406# 1407# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026"> 1408# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1409# </a> 1410# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx"> 1411# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1412# </a> 1413# 1414# both say GMT+08:00. 1415 1416# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1417# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1418# schedule here: 1419# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112" 1420# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1421# </a> 1422# (click the English flag for English) 1423# 1424# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive 1425# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1426# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1427# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are 1428# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1429# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1430 1431# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1432# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1433# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1434# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1435# this is almost surely wrong. 1436 1437# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1438Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1439Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1440# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1441# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1442# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1443# 1444# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1445# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place 1446# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1447# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1448# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1449# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1450 1451Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1452Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1453# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1454Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1455Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1456Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1457 1458# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1459# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1460Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1461 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1462 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1463# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1464Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1465 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1466 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1467# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1468# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1469Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1470 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1471 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1472 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1473 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1474 1475# Nepal 1476# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1477Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1478 5:30 - IST 1986 1479 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1480 1481# Oman 1482# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1483Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 1484 4:00 - GST 1485 1486# Pakistan 1487 1488# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1489# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1490# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1491# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1492# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1493# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1494 1495# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1496# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1497# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1498# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1499# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1500# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1501# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1502# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1503# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1504# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1505# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1506 1507# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1508# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1509# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1510 1511# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1512# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1513# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1514# 1515# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1516# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1517# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1518# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1519# 1520# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1521# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1522 1523# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 1524# 1525# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 1526# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 1527# 1528# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 1529# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 1530# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 1531# ...." 1532# 1533# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html"> 1534# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 1535# </a> 1536# OR 1537# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4"> 1538# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 1539# </a> 1540 1541# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1542# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 1543 1544# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1545Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1546Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1547Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1548Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1549# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1550Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 1551 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1552 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 1553 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 1554 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 1555 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 1556 1557# Palestine 1558 1559# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 1560# 1561# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 1562# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 1563# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 1564# 1565# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 1566# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 1567# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 1568# though. 1569# 1570# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 1571# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 1572# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 1573# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 1574# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 1575# East Jerusalem. 1576# 1577# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 1578# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 1579# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 1580# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 1581# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 1582# 1583# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 1584# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 1585# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 1586# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 1587# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 1588# Jordanian one). 1589# 1590# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 1591# 1592# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 1593# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1594# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 1595# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 1596# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 1597# 1598# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 1599# have one). 1600 1601# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1602# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 1603# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 1604# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 1605# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 1606# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 1607# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 1608# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 1609# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 1610# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 1611# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 1612 1613# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 1614# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 1615# 1616# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 1617# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 1618# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 1619# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 1620 1621# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 1622# Daoud Kuttab writes in 1623# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 1624# Holiday havoc 1625# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 1626# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 1627# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 1628# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 1629# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 1630 1631# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1632# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1633 1634# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1635# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 1636# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 1637# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 1638# earlier--the same goes for Jordan. 1639 1640# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 1641# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 1642# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 1643# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 1644# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 1645# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 1646# the West Bank. 1647 1648# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 1649# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 1650# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 1651# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 1652# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 1653# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 1654# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 1655# because of the Ramadan. 1656 1657# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 1658# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 1659# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 1660 1661# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 1662# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 1663# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 1664# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 1665# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 1666# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 1667 1668# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 1669# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1670Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1671Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1672Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1673Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 1674Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1675Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 1676 1677Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 1678Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1679Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1680Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1681Rule Palestine 2006 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1682Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1683Rule Palestine 2007 max - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 1684 1685# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1686Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 1687 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 1688 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 1689 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 1690 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 1691 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 1692 1693# Paracel Is 1694# no information 1695 1696# Philippines 1697# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the 1698# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 1699# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a 1700# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. 1701# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1702 1703# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 1704# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of 1705# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the 1706# rainy season begins. See 1707# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. 1708# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. 1709# 1710# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 1711# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 1712# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 1713# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 1714# but no details] 1715 1716# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1717Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 1718Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 1719Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 1720Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 1721Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 1722Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1723# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1724Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 1725 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 1726 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 1727 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 1728 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1729 1730# Qatar 1731# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1732Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 1733 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 1734 3:00 - AST 1735 1736# Saudi Arabia 1737# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1738Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 1739 3:00 - AST 1740 1741# Singapore 1742# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1743# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1744# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1745Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1746 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1747 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1748 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1749 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1750 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1751 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1752 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 1753 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 1754 8:00 - SGT 1755 1756# Spratly Is 1757# no information 1758 1759# Sri Lanka 1760# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 1761# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 1762# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 1763# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 1764# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 1765# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 1766# 1767# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 1768# by Shamindra in 1769# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> 1770# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) 1771# </a>: 1772# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 1773# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 1774 1775# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 1776# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 1777# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 1778# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 1779 1780# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 1781# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> 1782# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 1783# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 1784# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 1785# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 1786# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 1787# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 1788 1789# From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 1790# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 1791# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 1792# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 1793# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 1794# 1795# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments 1796# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 1797# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 1798# 1799# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 1800# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 1801# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 1802# item.... 1803# 1804# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 1805# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 1806# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 1807# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 1808# slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 1809# 1810# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 1811# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 1812# all computers. 1813 1814# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 1815# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 1816# and then see what people actually say in practice. 1817 1818# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1819Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 1820 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 1821 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 1822 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 1823 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 1824 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 1825 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 1826 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 1827 5:30 - IST 1828 1829# Syria 1830# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1831Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1832Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 1833Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 1834Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1835Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 1836Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1837Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1838Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1839Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 1840Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1841Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 1842Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 1843Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 1844Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1845Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 1846Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 1847Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 1848Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 1849Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 1850Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1851Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1852Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 1853Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1854Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1855Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1856Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 1857Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1858Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 1859# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 1860# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 1861# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 1862# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 1863# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 1864# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 1865Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1866Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1867Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 1868Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1869# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 1870# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 1871# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 1872Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1873# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 1874# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 1875# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 1876Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 1877# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27): 1878# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 1879# not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or 1880# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than 1881# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 1882# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 1883# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 1884# 1885# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 1886# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote: 1887# 1888# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 1889# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 1890# 1891# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 1892# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 1893# 1894# which using Google's translate tools says: 1895# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 1896# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 1897# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 1898Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1899 1900# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 1901# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 1902# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA 1903# are now using: 1904# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 1905# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 1906# Variation 1907# Syrian Arab 1908# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 1909# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 1910# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 1911 1912# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 1913# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 1914# Agency (SANA)... 1915# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm"> 1916# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 1917# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 1918# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 1919# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 1920# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 1921# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 1922 1923# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 1924# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 1925# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 1926# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 1927# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 1928 1929Rule Syria 2008 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1930Rule Syria 2008 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1931 1932# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1933Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 1934 2:00 Syria EE%sT 1935 1936# Tajikistan 1937# From Shanks & Pottenger. 1938# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1939Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1940 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 1941 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1942 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 1943 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 1944 1945# Thailand 1946# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1947Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 1948 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 1949 7:00 - ICT 1950 1951# Turkmenistan 1952# From Shanks & Pottenger. 1953# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1954Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 1955 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 1956 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1957 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 1958 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1959 5:00 - TMT 1960 1961# United Arab Emirates 1962# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1963Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 1964 4:00 - GST 1965 1966# Uzbekistan 1967# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1968Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1969 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 1970 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 1971 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 1972 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 1973 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 1974 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 1975 5:00 - UZT 1976Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1977 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 1978 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1979 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 1980 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 1981 5:00 - UZT 1982 1983# Vietnam 1984 1985# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 1986# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City"; 1987# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 1988 1989# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1990# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1991Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 1992 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1993 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1994 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1995 7:00 - ICT 1996 1997# Yemen 1998# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1999Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 2000 3:00 - AST 2001