asia revision 153670
1# @(#)asia 7.89 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 7# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22): 8# 9# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 10# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 11# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 12# 13# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 14# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 15# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 16# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 17# of the IATA's data after 1990. 18# 19# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 20# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 21# 22# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 23# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 24# I found in the UCLA library. 25# 26# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 27# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 28# 29# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 30# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 31# Corrections are welcome! 32# std dst 33# LMT Local Mean Time 34# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 35# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 36# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 37# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 38# 4:00 GST Gulf* 39# 5:30 IST India 40# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 41# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 42# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 43# 8:00 CST China 44# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 45# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 46# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 47# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 48# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 49# 50# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 51 52# From Guy Harris: 53# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 54# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 55# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 56# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 57 58############################################################################### 59 60# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 61# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 62Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 63Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 64Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 65Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 66Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 67Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 68Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 69Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 70Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 71Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 72Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 73Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 74Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 75Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 76 77# Afghanistan 78# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 79Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 80 4:00 - AFT 1945 81 4:30 - AFT 82 83# Armenia 84# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 85# Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991, 86# then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then readopting Russian DST in 1997. 87# Go with Shanks, even when he disagrees with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 88# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 89# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 90# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 91# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 92# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 94 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 95 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 96 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 97 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 98 4:00 - AMT 1997 99 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 100 101# Azerbaijan 102# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 103# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 104# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 105# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 106Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 107Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 108# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 109Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 110 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 111 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 112 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 113 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 114 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 115 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 116 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 117 118# Bahrain 119# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 120Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 121 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 122 3:00 - AST 123 124# Bangladesh 125# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 126Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 127 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 128 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 129 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 130 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 131 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 132 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time 133 134# Bhutan 135# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 137 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 138 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 139 140# British Indian Ocean Territory 141# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 142# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 143# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 144# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 145# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 146# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 147Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 148 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 149 6:00 - IOT 150 151# Brunei 152# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 153Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 154 7:30 - BNT 1933 155 8:00 - BNT 156 157# Burma / Myanmar 158# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 160 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 161 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 162 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 163 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 164 165# Cambodia 166# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 167Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 168 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 169 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 170 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 171 7:00 - ICT 172 173# China 174 175# From Guy Harris: 176# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 177 178# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 179# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 180# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 181# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 182# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 183# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 184# 185# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 186# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 187# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 188# 189# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 190# 1987 mid-April - ?? 191 192# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 193# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 194# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 195 196# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 197# Shanks writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, 198# observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 199# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 200# Go with Shanks for now. I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones. 201 202# From Shanks: 203# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 204Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 205Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 206Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 207Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 208Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 209Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 210# 211# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 212# 213# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 214# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 215# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 216# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949): 217# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 218Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 219 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 220 8:00 - CST 1940 221 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 222 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 223 8:00 PRC C%sT 224# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 225Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 226 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 227 8:00 PRC C%sT 228# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 229Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 230 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 231 8:00 PRC C%sT 232# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 233Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 234 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 235 8:00 PRC C%sT 236# Kunlun Time 237Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 238 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 239 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 240 8:00 PRC C%sT 241 242# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 243# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 244Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 245Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 246Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 247Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 248Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 249Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 250Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 251Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 252Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 253Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 254Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 255Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 256Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 257Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 258Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 259# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 260Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 261 8:00 HK HK%sT 262 263 264############################################################################### 265 266# Taiwan 267 268# Shanks writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 269# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 270# have any other information. 271 272# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 273Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 274Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 275Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 276Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 277Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 278Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 279Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 280Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 281Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 282Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 283Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 284# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 285Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 286 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 287 288# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 289# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 290Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 291Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 292Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 293Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 294Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 295Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 296Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 297Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 298Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 299Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 300Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 301Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 302Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 303Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 304# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 305Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 306 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 307 8:00 PRC C%sT 308 309 310############################################################################### 311 312# Cyprus 313# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 314Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 315Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 316Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 317Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 318Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 319Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 320Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 321Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 322Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 323# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 324Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 325 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 326 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 327# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 328 329# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 330# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 331Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 332 333# Georgia 334# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 335# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 336# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 337# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 338# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 339# 340# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 341# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 342# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 343# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 344# 345# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 346# 347# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 348# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 349# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 350# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 351# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 352# of integration into Europe. 353 354# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 355# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 356# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 357# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 358# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 359# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 360# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 361# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 362# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 363 364 365# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 366Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 367 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 368 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 369 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 370 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 371 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 372 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 373 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 374 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 375 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 376 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 377 4:00 - GET 378 379# East Timor 380 381# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 382# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 383# East Timor may be late for its millennium 384# </a> (1999-12-26/31): 385# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 386# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 387# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 388# conflicts with their way of life. 389 390# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 391# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 392# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 393 394# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 395# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 396# (2000-08-16)</a>: 397# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 398# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 399# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 400# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 401 402# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 403Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 404 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 405 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 406 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 407 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 408 9:00 - TLT 409 410# India 411# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 413 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 414 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 415 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 416 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 417 5:30 - IST 418# The following are like Asia/Calcutta: 419# Andaman Is 420# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 421# Nicobar Is 422 423# Indonesia 424# 425# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks: 426# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 427# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 428# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 429# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 430# 431# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 432Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 433# Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 434# but this must be a typo. 435 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 436 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 437 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 438 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 439 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 440 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 441 7:30 - WIT 1964 442 7:00 - WIT 443Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 444 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 445 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 446 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 447 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 448 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 449 7:30 - WIT 1964 450 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 451 7:00 - WIT 452Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 453 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 454 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 455 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 456 8:00 - CIT 457Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 458 9:00 - EIT 1944 459 9:30 - CST 1964 460 9:00 - EIT 461 462# Iran 463 464# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 465# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 466# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 467# 468# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 469# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 470# 471# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 472# 473# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 474# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 475# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 476# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 477# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 478# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 479# 480# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 481# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 482# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 483# Shahrivar. 484# 485# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 486# 487# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 488# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 489# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 490# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 491# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 492# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 493# 494# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 495# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 496# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 497# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 498# plan to change that law.... 499# 500# From Paul Eggert (2005-04-05): 501# Go with Shanks before September 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 502# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 503# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 504# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 505# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 506# 507# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 508# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 509# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 510# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 511# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 512# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 513# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 514# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 515# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 516# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 517# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 518# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 519# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 520# 521# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 522Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 523Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 524Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 525Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 526Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 527Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 528Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 529Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 530Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 531Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 532Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 533Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 534Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 535Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 536Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 537Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 538Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 539Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 540Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 541Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 542Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 543Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 544Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 545Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 546Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 547Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 548Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 549Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 550Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 551Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 552Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 553Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 554Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 555Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 556Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 557Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 558Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 559Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 560Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 561Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 562Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 563Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 564Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 565Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 566Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 567Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 568Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 569Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 570Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 571# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 572Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 573 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 574 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 575 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 576 3:30 Iran IR%sT 577 578 579# Iraq 580# 581# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 582# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 583# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 584# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 585# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 586# 587# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 588# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 589# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 590# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 591# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 592# 593# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 594 595# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 596Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 597Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 598Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 599Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 600Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 601Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 602# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 603# Shanks says Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997 or 1999 on; ignore this. 604Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 605Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 606# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 607Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 608 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 609 3:00 - AST 1982 May 610 3:00 Iraq A%sT 611 612 613############################################################################### 614 615# Israel 616 617# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 618# 619# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 620# different abbreviations in use: 621# 622# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 623# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 624# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 625# 626# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 627# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 628# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 629# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 630# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 631# settings in Israeli computers. 632# 633# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 634# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 635# family is from India). 636 637# From Shanks: 638# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 639Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 640Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 641Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 642Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 643Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 644Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 645Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 646Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 647Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 648Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 649Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 650Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 651Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 652Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 653Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 654Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 655Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 656Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 657Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 658Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 659Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 660Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 661Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 662Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 663Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 664Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 665Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 666Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 667Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 668Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 669Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 670Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 671Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 672Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 673Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 674Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 675Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 676Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 677Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 678Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 679 680# From Ephraim Silverberg 681# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 682# and 2005-02-17): 683 684# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 685# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 686# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 687# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 688# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 689# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 690# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 691# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 692# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 693# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 694# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 695# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 696# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 697# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 698# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 699# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 700# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 701# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 702# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 703# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 704# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 705# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 706 707# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 708Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 709Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 710Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 711Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 712Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 713Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 714Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 715Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 716Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 717Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 718 719# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 720# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 721# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 722 723# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 724Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 725Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 726Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 727Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 728 729# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 730# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 731# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 732# 733# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 734# 735# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 736# 737# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 738# 739# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 740# 741# where YYYY is the relevant year. 742 743# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 744Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 745Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 746Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 747Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 748Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 749Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 750Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 751Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 752 753# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 754# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 755# years 2001-2004 as well. 756# 757# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 758# 759# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 760# 761# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 762# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 763# 764# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 765 766# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 767Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 768Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 769Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 770Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 771Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 772Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 773Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 774Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 775Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 776Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 777 778# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 779# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 780# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 781# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 782# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 783# 784# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 785# 786# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 787 788# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 789# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 790# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 791# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 792# to generate the transitions in this list. 793# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 794# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 795# 796# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 797# 798# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 799# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 800# springtime transitions explicitly. 801 802# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 803Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 804Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 805Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 806Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 807Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 808Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 809Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 810Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 811Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 812Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 813Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 814Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 815Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 816Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 817Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 818Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 819Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 820Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 821Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 822Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 823Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 824Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 825Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 826Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 827Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 828Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 829Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 830Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 831Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 832Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 833Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 834Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 835Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 836Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 837Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 838Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 839Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 840Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 841Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 842Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 843Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 844Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 845Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 846 847# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 848Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 849 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 850 2:00 Zion I%sT 851 852 853 854############################################################################### 855 856# Japan 857 858# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 859 860# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 861# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 862# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 863# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 864 865# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 866# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 867# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 868# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 869# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 870# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 871# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 872# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 873# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 874# wanted to keep it.) 875 876# Shanks writes that daylight saving in Japan during those years was as follows: 877# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 878Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 879Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 880Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 881Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 882# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 883# Shanks's audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 884# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 885# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 886 887# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 888# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 889# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 890# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 891# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 892# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 893# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 894 895# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 896# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 897# which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 898# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 899# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 900# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 901# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 902# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 903# standard.... 904# 905# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 906# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 907 908# Shanks claims JST in use since 1896, and that a few places (e.g. Ishigaki) 909# use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 910 911# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 912Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 913 9:00 - JST 1896 914 9:00 - CJT 1938 915 9:00 Japan J%sT 916# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 917 918# Jordan 919# 920# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 921# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 922# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 923# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 924# all year round. 925# 926# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 927# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 928# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 929# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 930# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 931# government's departments from six to seven hours. 932# 933# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 934# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 935# 936# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 937Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 938Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 939Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 940Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 941Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 942Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 943Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 944Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 945Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 946Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 947Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 948Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 949Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 950Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 951Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 952Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 953Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 954Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 955Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 956Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 957Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 958Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 - 959Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 960Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 961Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 962Rule Jordan 2005 max - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 963# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 964Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 965 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 966 967 968# Kazakhstan 969 970# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 971# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 972# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 973# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 974# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 975# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 976 977# From Paul Eggert (2001-10-18): 978# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 979# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 980# Go with Shanks, who has them always using RussiaAsia rules. 981# Also go with the following claims of Shanks: 982# 983# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 984# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 985# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 986 987# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 988# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 989# </a> 990# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 991# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 992# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 993# 994# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 995# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 996# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 997# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 998# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 999# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1000# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1001# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1002# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1003 1004# 1005# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1006# 1007# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1008Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1009 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1010 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1011 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1012 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1013 6:00 - ALMT 1014# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1015Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1016 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1017 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1018 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1019 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1020 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1021 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1022 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1023 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1024 6:00 - QYZT 1025# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1026Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1027 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1028 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1029 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1030 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1031 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1032 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1033 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1034 5:00 - AQTT 1035# Mangghystau 1036# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1037# so include time stamps before 1963. 1038Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1039 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1040 5:00 - FORT 1963 1041 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1042 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1043 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1044 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1045 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1046 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1047 5:00 - AQTT 1048# West Kazakhstan 1049Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1050 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1051 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1052 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1053 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1054 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1055 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1056 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1057 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1058 5:00 - ORAT 1059 1060# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1061# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks. 1062 1063# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1064# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1065# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1066# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1067# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1068# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1069# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1070# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1071 1072# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1073Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1074Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1075Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1076Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1077# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1078Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1079 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1080 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1081 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1082 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1083 6:00 - KGT 1084 1085############################################################################### 1086 1087# Korea (North and South) 1088 1089# From Guy Harris: 1090# According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco, 1091# Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know 1092# at what time of day DST starts or ends. 1093 1094# From Shanks: 1095# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1096Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1097Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1098Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun<=14 0:00 1:00 D 1099Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun<=14 0:00 0 S 1100 1101# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1102Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1103 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1104 9:00 - KST 1928 1105 8:30 - KST 1932 1106 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1107 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1108 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1109 9:00 ROK K%sT 1110Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1111 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1112 9:00 - KST 1928 1113 8:30 - KST 1932 1114 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1115 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1116 9:00 - KST 1117 1118############################################################################### 1119 1120# Kuwait 1121# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1122Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1123 3:00 - AST 1124 1125# Laos 1126# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1127Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1128 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1129 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1130 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1131 7:00 - ICT 1132 1133# Lebanon 1134# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1135Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1136Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1137Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1138Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1139Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1140Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1141Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1142Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1143Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1144Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1145Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1146Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1147Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1148Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1149Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1150Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1151Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1152Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1153Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1154Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1155Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1156Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1157Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1158Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1159# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1160Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1161 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1162 1163# Malaysia 1164# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1165Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1166Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1167# 1168# peninsular Malaysia 1169# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1170# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1171# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1172Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1173 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1174 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1175 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1176 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1177 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1178 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1179 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1180 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1181# Sabah & Sarawak 1182# From Paul Eggert (2003-11-01): 1183# The data here are mostly from Shanks, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1184# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1185# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1186Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1187 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1188 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1189 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1190 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1191 8:00 - MYT 1192 1193# Maldives 1194# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1195Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1196 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1197 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1198 1199# Mongolia 1200 1201# Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map 1202# Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01) 1203# both say that it has just one. 1204 1205# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1206# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1207# General Information Mongolia 1208# </a> (1999-09) 1209# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1210# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1211# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1212# eight hours." 1213 1214# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1215# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1216# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1217# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1218# of implementation may have been different.... 1219# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1220# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1221# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1222 1223# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1224# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1225# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1226# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1227# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1228# is good enough for our purposes. 1229 1230# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1231# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1232# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1233# there are three time zones. 1234# 1235# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1236# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1237# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1238# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1239# 1240# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1241 1242# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1243# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1244# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1245# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1246# 1247# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1248# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1249# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1250 1251# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1252# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1253# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1254# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1255# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1256# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1257# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1258# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1259# He also found 1260# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1261# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1262# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1263# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1264# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1265# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1266# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1267# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1268 1269# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1270Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1271Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1272# IATA SSIM says 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, but Shanks (1995) lists 1273# them at 02:00s, and McDow says the 2001 switches also occurred at 02:00. 1274# Also, IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks through 1998. 1275Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1276Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1277# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1278Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1279Rule Mongol 2001 max - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1280Rule Mongol 2002 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1281 1282# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1283# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1284Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1285 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1286 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1287# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1288Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1289 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1290 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1291# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1292# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1293Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1294 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1295 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1296 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time 1297 1298# Nepal 1299# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1300Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1301 5:30 - IST 1986 1302 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1303 1304# Oman 1305# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1306Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 1307 4:00 - GST 1308 1309# Pakistan 1310 1311# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1312# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1313# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1314# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1315# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1316# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1317 1318# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1319# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1320# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1321# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1322# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1323# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1324# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1325# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1326# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1327# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1328# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1329 1330# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1331# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1332# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1333 1334# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1335# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1336# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1337# 1338# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1339# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1340# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1341# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1342# 1343# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1344# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1345 1346 1347# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1348Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1349Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1350# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1351Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 1352 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1353 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 1354 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 1355 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 1356 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 1357 1358# Palestine 1359 1360# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 1361# 1362# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 1363# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 1364# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 1365# 1366# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 1367# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 1368# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 1369# though. 1370# 1371# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 1372# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 1373# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 1374# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 1375# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 1376# East Jerusalem. 1377# 1378# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 1379# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 1380# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 1381# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 1382# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 1383# 1384# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 1385# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 1386# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 1387# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 1388# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 1389# Jordanian one). 1390# 1391# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 1392# 1393# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 1394# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1395# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 1396# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 1397# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 1398# 1399# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 1400# have one). 1401 1402# From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25): 1403# Shanks writes that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but we'll go 1404# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 1405# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 1406# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 1407# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 1408# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 1409# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 1410# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 1411# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 1412# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 1413 1414# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 1415# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 1416# 1417# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 1418# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 1419# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 1420# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 1421 1422# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 1423# Daoud Kuttab writes in 1424# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 1425# Holiday havoc 1426# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 1427# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 1428# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 1429# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 1430# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 1431 1432# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1433# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1434 1435# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 1436# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1437Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1438Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1439Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1440Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 1441Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1442Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 1443 1444Rule Palestine 1999 max - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 1445Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1446Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1447Rule Palestine 2005 max - Oct 4 1:00 0 - 1448 1449# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1450Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 1451 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 1452 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 1453 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 1454 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 1455 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 1456 1457# Paracel Is 1458# no information 1459 1460# Philippines 1461# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the 1462# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 1463# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a 1464# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. 1465# The rest of this data is from Shanks. 1466# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1467Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 1468Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 1469Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 1470Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 1471Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 1472Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1473# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1474Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 1475 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 1476 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 1477 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 1478 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1479 1480# Qatar 1481# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1482Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 1483 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 1484 3:00 - AST 1485 1486# Saudi Arabia 1487# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1488Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 1489 3:00 - AST 1490 1491# Singapore 1492# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1493# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1494# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1495Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1496 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1497 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1498 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1499 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1500 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1501 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1502 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 1503 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 1504 8:00 - SGT 1505 1506# Spratly Is 1507# no information 1508 1509# Sri Lanka 1510# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 1511# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 1512# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 1513# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 1514# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 1515# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 1516# 1517# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 1518# by Shamindra in 1519# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> 1520# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) 1521# </a>: 1522# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 1523# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 1524 1525# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1526Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 1527 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 1528 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 1529 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 1530 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 1531 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 1532 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 1533 6:00 - LKT 1534 1535# Syria 1536# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1537Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1538Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 1539Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 1540Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1541Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 1542Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1543Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1544Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1545Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 1546Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1547Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 1548Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 1549Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 1550Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1551Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 1552Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 1553Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 1554Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 1555Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 1556Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1557Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1558Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 1559Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1560Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1561Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1562Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 1563Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1564Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 1565# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 1566# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 1567# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 1568# ignore all these claims and go with Shanks. 1569Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1570Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1571Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 1572Rule Syria 1999 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1573# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1574Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 1575 2:00 Syria EE%sT 1576 1577# Tajikistan 1578# From Shanks. 1579# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1580Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1581 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 1582 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1583 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 1584 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 1585 1586# Thailand 1587# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1588Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 1589 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 1590 7:00 - ICT 1591 1592# Turkmenistan 1593# From Shanks. 1594# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1595Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 1596 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 1597 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1598 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 1599 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1600 5:00 - TMT 1601 1602# United Arab Emirates 1603# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1604Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 1605 4:00 - GST 1606 1607# Uzbekistan 1608# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1609Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1610 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 1611 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 1612 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 1613 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time 1614 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 1615 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 1616 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993 1617 5:00 - UZT 1618Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1619 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 1620 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1621 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 1622 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 1623 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993 1624 5:00 - UZT 1625 1626# Vietnam 1627# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 1628# Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long. 1629# We'll stick with the traditional name for now. 1630# From Shanks: 1631# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1632Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 1633 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1634 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1635 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1636 7:00 - ICT 1637 1638# Yemen 1639# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1640Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 1641 3:00 - AST 1642