1192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 364499Swollman 4309568Sglebius# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 52742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6309568Sglebius# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7309568Sglebius# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 82742Swollman 9309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): 102742Swollman# 11309568Sglebius# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14309568Sglebius# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 152742Swollman# 1686222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 1720094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 1820094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1920094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20309568Sglebius# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21309568Sglebius# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 2220094Swollman# 232742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 242742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 252742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 262742Swollman# 27248310Sedwin# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28309568Sglebius# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 29309568Sglebius# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 30248310Sedwin# 31309568Sglebius# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 32309568Sglebius# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 33309568Sglebius# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 34309568Sglebius# 352742Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 3658787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 372742Swollman# 38273438Sdelphij# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 392742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 402742Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 41114173Swollman# std dst 42114173Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 43114173Swollman# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 44114173Swollman# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 45114173Swollman# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 46309568Sglebius# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran* 47114173Swollman# 4:00 GST Gulf* 48114173Swollman# 5:30 IST India 49309568Sglebius# 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations* 50257682Sedwin# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 51257682Sedwin# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 52114173Swollman# 8:00 CST China 53309568Sglebius# 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)* 54273438Sdelphij# 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)* 55309568Sglebius# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830* 56273438Sdelphij# 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937) 57257682Sedwin# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 58149590Swollman# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 59309568Sglebius# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 60273438Sdelphij# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 612742Swollman# 62273438Sdelphij# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 632742Swollman 642742Swollman# From Guy Harris: 652742Swollman# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 662742Swollman# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 672742Swollman# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 682742Swollman# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 692742Swollman 702742Swollman############################################################################### 712742Swollman 72273438Sdelphij# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 732742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 7420094SwollmanRule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 75158421SwollmanRule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 7620094SwollmanRule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 7720094SwollmanRule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 7820094SwollmanRule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 7920094SwollmanRule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 8020094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 8120094SwollmanRule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 82309568SglebiusRule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 83309568SglebiusRule RussiaAsia 1985 2011 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 84309568SglebiusRule RussiaAsia 1996 2011 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 852742Swollman 862742Swollman# Afghanistan 872742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 882742SwollmanZone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 8919878Swollman 4:00 - AFT 1945 902742Swollman 4:30 - AFT 912742Swollman 922742Swollman# Armenia 93158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 94158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 95158421Swollman# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 96158421Swollman# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 97158421Swollman# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 98153670Swollman# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 9943014Swollman# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 10043014Swollman# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 10143014Swollman# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 102233447Sedwin 103233447Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 104233447Sedwin# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 105233447Sedwin# follow Russia's "old" rules. 106233447Sedwin 107233447Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 108233447Sedwin# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 109233447Sedwin# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 110240461Sedwin# 111233447Sedwin# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 112233447Sedwin# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 113233447Sedwin# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 114233447Sedwin# or 115233447Sedwin# (brief) 116233447Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 1172742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1182742SwollmanZone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 119309568Sglebius 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 120309568Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 121309568Sglebius 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 122309568Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1997 123309568Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1242742Swollman 1252742Swollman# Azerbaijan 126309568Sglebius 127153670Swollman# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 128153670Swollman# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 129309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). 130309568Sglebius# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf 131309568Sglebius 132309568Sglebius# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): 133309568Sglebius# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to 134309568Sglebius# daylight saving time.... 135309568Sglebius# http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html 136309568Sglebius# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html 137309568Sglebius# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html 138309568Sglebius 13943014Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 140309568SglebiusRule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 141309568SglebiusRule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 1422742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1432742SwollmanZone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 144309568Sglebius 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 145309568Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 146309568Sglebius 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 147309568Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1996 148309568Sglebius 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 149309568Sglebius 4:00 Azer +04/+05 1502742Swollman 1512742Swollman# Bahrain 152309568Sglebius# See Asia/Qatar. 1532742Swollman 1542742Swollman# Bangladesh 155193785Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 156193785Sedwin# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 157193785Sedwin# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 158193785Sedwin# 159193785Sedwin# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 160193785Sedwin# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 161193785Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 162193785Sedwin# 163193785Sedwin# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 164193785Sedwin# June 165193785Sedwin# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 166193785Sedwin# crippling power crisis. " 167193785Sedwin# 168193785Sedwin# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 169193785Sedwin# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 170193785Sedwin 171193785Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 172193785Sedwin# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 173193785Sedwin# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 174193785Sedwin# 175193785Sedwin# Some sources: 176193785Sedwin# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 177193785Sedwin# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 178193785Sedwin# 179193785Sedwin# Our wrap-up: 180193785Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 181193785Sedwin 182194485Sedwin# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 183240461Sedwin# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 184240461Sedwin# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 185240461Sedwin# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 186194485Sedwin# 187194485Sedwin# No DST end date has been announced yet. 188193785Sedwin 189198270Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 190240461Sedwin# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 191240461Sedwin# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 192198270Sedwin# 193198270Sedwin# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 194198270Sedwin# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 195198270Sedwin# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 196198270Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 197196581Sedwin 198198270Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 199198270Sedwin# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 200240461Sedwin# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 201240461Sedwin# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 202198270Sedwin# "continue for an indefinite period." 203198270Sedwin# 204198270Sedwin# One of many places where it is published: 205198270Sedwin# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 206198270Sedwin 207201189Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 208201189Sedwin# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 209201189Sedwin# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 210201189Sedwin# 211201189Sedwin# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 212201189Sedwin# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 213201189Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 214201189Sedwin# 215201189Sedwin# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 216201189Sedwin# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 217201189Sedwin# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 218201189Sedwin# Minister's Office last night..." 219201189Sedwin 220206219Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 221206219Sedwin# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 222240461Sedwin# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 223206219Sedwin# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 224206219Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 225204887Sedwin 226201189Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 227202606SedwinRule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 228309568SglebiusRule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 229201189Sedwin 2302742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 23175267SwollmanZone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 23219878Swollman 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 23319878Swollman 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 2342742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 23519878Swollman 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 23619878Swollman 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 237201189Sedwin 6:00 - BDT 2009 238201189Sedwin 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 2392742Swollman 2402742Swollman# Bhutan 2412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 24267578SwollmanZone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 2432742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 24419878Swollman 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 2452742Swollman 2462742Swollman# British Indian Ocean Territory 24786222Swollman# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 24886222Swollman# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 249149514Swollman# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 250149514Swollman# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 251149514Swollman# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 2522742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 253149514SwollmanZone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 254149514Swollman 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 25586222Swollman 6:00 - IOT 2562742Swollman 2572742Swollman# Brunei 2582742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 259309568SglebiusZone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 2602742Swollman 7:30 - BNT 1933 2612742Swollman 8:00 - BNT 2622742Swollman 26314343Swollman# Burma / Myanmar 264248310Sedwin 265248310Sedwin# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 266248310Sedwin 2672742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 268309568SglebiusZone Asia/Yangon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 269309568Sglebius 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 270309568Sglebius 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 271309568Sglebius 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 272309568Sglebius 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 2732742Swollman 2742742Swollman# Cambodia 275309568Sglebius# See Asia/Bangkok. 2762742Swollman 277309568Sglebius 27843014Swollman# China 2792742Swollman 2802742Swollman# From Guy Harris: 2812742Swollman# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 2822742Swollman 28319878Swollman# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 28419878Swollman# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 2852742Swollman# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 286273438Sdelphij# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 287273438Sdelphij# has two of 'em - Peking's and ��r��mqi (named after the capital of 28893799Swollman# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 2892742Swollman# 2902742Swollman# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 291273438Sdelphij# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 2922742Swollman# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 2932742Swollman# 2942742Swollman# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 2952742Swollman# 1987 mid-April - ?? 2962742Swollman 29719878Swollman# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 2982742Swollman# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 2992742Swollman# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 3002742Swollman 301273438Sdelphij# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 302273438Sdelphij# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 303273438Sdelphij# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 304273438Sdelphij# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 3052742Swollman 306273438Sdelphij# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 307273438Sdelphij# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but 308273438Sdelphij# this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer 309273438Sdelphij# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so 310273438Sdelphij# go with them for DST rules as follows: 3112742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3122742SwollmanRule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 3132742SwollmanRule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 3142742SwollmanRule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 3152742SwollmanRule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 31614343SwollmanRule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 31714343SwollmanRule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 318163302Sru 31993799Swollman# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 32093799Swollman# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 32193799Swollman# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 322163302Sru# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 323169811Swollman# 324273438Sdelphij# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 325163302Sru# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 326163302Sru# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 327163302Sru# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 328163302Sru# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 329163302Sru# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 330163302Sru# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 331163302Sru# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 332163302Sru# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 333163302Sru# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 334163302Sru 335273438Sdelphij# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 336273438Sdelphij# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 337181421Sedwin# 338273438Sdelphij# (1) 339273438Sdelphij# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 340273438Sdelphij# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 341273438Sdelphij# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 342273438Sdelphij# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, ������������������), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003) 343273438Sdelphij# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 344273438Sdelphij# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 345273438Sdelphij# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 346273438Sdelphij# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 347273438Sdelphij# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 348273438Sdelphij# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 349273438Sdelphij# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 350273438Sdelphij# could well have ignored any such mandate. 351181421Sedwin# 352273438Sdelphij# (2) 353273438Sdelphij# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 354273438Sdelphij# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 355273438Sdelphij# [undated and unknown publication location] 356273438Sdelphij# It says several things: 357273438Sdelphij# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 358273438Sdelphij# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 359273438Sdelphij# the official calendar book of 1914. 360273438Sdelphij# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 361309568Sglebius# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 362309568Sglebius# Observatory and set to local mean time. 363273438Sdelphij# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 364273438Sdelphij# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 365273438Sdelphij# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 366273438Sdelphij# became used by railways as well. 367273438Sdelphij# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 368273438Sdelphij# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 369273438Sdelphij# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 370273438Sdelphij# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 371273438Sdelphij# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 372273438Sdelphij# Japanese-occupied territory. 373273438Sdelphij# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 374273438Sdelphij# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 375273438Sdelphij# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 376273438Sdelphij# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 377273438Sdelphij# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 378273438Sdelphij# 379273438Sdelphij# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 380273438Sdelphij# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 381273438Sdelphij# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 382273438Sdelphij# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 383309568Sglebius# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. 384273438Sdelphij# 385273438Sdelphij# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 386309568Sglebius# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 387273438Sdelphij# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 388273438Sdelphij# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 389273438Sdelphij# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 390273438Sdelphij# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 391273438Sdelphij# 392309568Sglebius# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 393273438Sdelphij# Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 394163302Sru# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 395273438Sdelphij# 396309568Sglebius# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 397273438Sdelphij# Asia/Shanghai 398163302Sru# most of China 399273438Sdelphij# This currently represents most other zones as well, 400273438Sdelphij# as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970. 401273438Sdelphij# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 402309568Sglebius# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". 403273438Sdelphij# 404309568Sglebius# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of the area) UT +07 405273438Sdelphij# Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 406163302Sru# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 407163302Sru# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 408163302Sru# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 409163302Sru# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 410273438Sdelphij# 411309568Sglebius# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 412273438Sdelphij# Asia/Urumqi 413273438Sdelphij# This currently represents Kunlun Time as well, 414273438Sdelphij# as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970. 415163302Sru# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 416163302Sru# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 417163302Sru# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 418163302Sru# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 419273438Sdelphij# east Xinjiang, including ��r��mqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 420163302Sru# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 421163302Sru# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 422163302Sru# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 423273438Sdelphij# 424309568Sglebius# Kunlun Time UT +05:30 425273438Sdelphij# Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi) 426163302Sru# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 427163302Sru# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 428163302Sru# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 429163302Sru# and Yarkand. 430200835Sedwin 431200835Sedwin# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 432200835Sedwin# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 433200835Sedwin# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 434200835Sedwin# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 435200835Sedwin# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 436200835Sedwin# they implicitly use Beijing time. 437200835Sedwin# 438200835Sedwin# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 439200835Sedwin# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 440309568Sglebius# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang 441200835Sedwin# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 442273438Sdelphij# local governments such as the ��r��mqi city government use both times in 443200835Sedwin# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 444273438Sdelphij# "��r��mqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 445200835Sedwin# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 446200835Sedwin# 447200835Sedwin# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 448200835Sedwin# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 449200835Sedwin# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 450200835Sedwin# 451200835Sedwin# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 452200835Sedwin# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 453200835Sedwin# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 454200835Sedwin# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 455200835Sedwin# others moving their clocks ahead.) 456200835Sedwin 457200835Sedwin# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 458200835Sedwin# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 459200835Sedwin# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 460200835Sedwin# 461200835Sedwin# 1. Wulumuqi... 462200835Sedwin# 2. Kashi... 463200835Sedwin# 3. Urumqi... 464200835Sedwin# 4. Kashgar... 465200835Sedwin# ... 466273438Sdelphij# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in ��r��mqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 467200835Sedwin# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 468200835Sedwin# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 469200835Sedwin# 470200835Sedwin# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 471200835Sedwin# start date for Xinjiang time. 472200835Sedwin# 473200835Sedwin# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 474200835Sedwin# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 475200835Sedwin# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 476200835Sedwin# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 477200835Sedwin 478273438Sdelphij# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 479273438Sdelphij# Just a confirmation that ��r��mqi time was implemented in ��r��mqi on 1 Feb 1986: 480273438Sdelphij# http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 481273438Sdelphij 482273438Sdelphij# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 483273438Sdelphij# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 484273438Sdelphij# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 485273438Sdelphij# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 486273438Sdelphij# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 487273438Sdelphij# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 488273438Sdelphij# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka ��r��mqi Time or local time; 489273438Sdelphij# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 490273438Sdelphij# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 491273438Sdelphij# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 492273438Sdelphij# problem is that computers and smart phones list ��r��mqi (or Kashgar) as 493273438Sdelphij# having the same time as Beijing. 494273438Sdelphij 495273438Sdelphij# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 496309568Sglebius# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) 497309568Sglebius# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Kh��tsun, 498273438Sdelphij# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 499273438Sdelphij# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 500273438Sdelphij# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 501273438Sdelphij# 502273438Sdelphij# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 503273438Sdelphij# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 504273438Sdelphij# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 505273438Sdelphij# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 506309568Sglebius# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 507273438Sdelphij# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 508273438Sdelphij# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 509273438Sdelphij# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 510273438Sdelphij# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 511309568Sglebius# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 512273438Sdelphij# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 513309568Sglebius# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before 514309568Sglebius# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and 515273438Sdelphij# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 516309568Sglebius# +08 mandate back then. 517273438Sdelphij 518273438Sdelphij# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 519273438Sdelphij# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 520273438SdelphijZone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 521273438Sdelphij 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 52214343Swollman 8:00 PRC C%sT 523273438Sdelphij# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by ��r��mqi / ��r��mchi 524273438Sdelphij# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 525273438SdelphijZone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 526273438Sdelphij 6:00 - XJT 52793799Swollman 528198825Sedwin 529248310Sedwin# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 530248310Sedwin 531248310Sedwin# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 532248310Sedwin 533198825Sedwin# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 534200835Sedwin# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 535200835Sedwin# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 536198825Sedwin# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 537198825Sedwin# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 538198825Sedwin# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 539198825Sedwin# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 540198825Sedwin# obtained from 541198825Sedwin# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 542198825Sedwin 543198825Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 544198825Sedwin# Here are the dates given at 545198825Sedwin# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 546198825Sedwin# as of 2009-10-28: 547198825Sedwin# Year Period 548198825Sedwin# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 549240461Sedwin# 1942 Whole year 550198825Sedwin# 1943 Whole year 551198825Sedwin# 1944 Whole year 552198825Sedwin# 1945 Whole year 553198825Sedwin# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 554198825Sedwin# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 555198825Sedwin# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 556198825Sedwin# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 557198825Sedwin# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 558198825Sedwin# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 559198825Sedwin# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 560198825Sedwin# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 561198825Sedwin# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 562198825Sedwin# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 563198825Sedwin# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 564198825Sedwin# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 565198825Sedwin# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 566198825Sedwin# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 567198825Sedwin# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 568198825Sedwin# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 569198825Sedwin# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 570198825Sedwin# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 571198825Sedwin# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 572198825Sedwin# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 573198825Sedwin# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 574198825Sedwin# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 575198825Sedwin# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 576198825Sedwin# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 577198825Sedwin# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 578198825Sedwin# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 579198825Sedwin# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 580198825Sedwin# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 581198825Sedwin# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 582198825Sedwin# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 583198825Sedwin# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 584198825Sedwin# 1977 Nil 585198825Sedwin# 1978 Nil 586198825Sedwin# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 587198825Sedwin# 1980 to Now Nil 588198825Sedwin# The page does not give start or end times of day. 589198825Sedwin# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 590198825Sedwin# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 591198825Sedwin# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 592198825Sedwin# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 593198825Sedwin# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 594198825Sedwin 5952742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 596198825SedwinRule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 597198825SedwinRule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 5982742SwollmanRule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 5992742SwollmanRule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 6002742SwollmanRule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 6012742SwollmanRule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 6022742SwollmanRule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 603198825SedwinRule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 604198825SedwinRule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 6052742SwollmanRule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 6062742SwollmanRule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 6072742SwollmanRule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 6082742SwollmanRule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 6092742SwollmanRule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 610213312SedwinRule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 611213312SedwinRule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 612198825SedwinRule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 613198825SedwinRule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 614198825SedwinRule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 6152742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 616248310SedwinZone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 617198825Sedwin 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 618198825Sedwin 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 61958787Sru 8:00 HK HK%sT 6202742Swollman 62130711Swollman############################################################################### 62230711Swollman 62343014Swollman# Taiwan 62430711Swollman 625206868Sedwin# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 626273438Sdelphij# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 627206868Sedwin# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 628206868Sedwin# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 629206868Sedwin 630273438Sdelphij# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 631273438Sdelphij# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 632273438Sdelphij# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 633273438Sdelphij# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 634273438Sdelphij# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 635273438Sdelphij# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 636273438Sdelphij# found on Wikisource: 637273438Sdelphij# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/������������������������_(���������) 638273438Sdelphij# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 639273438Sdelphij# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 640273438Sdelphij# declared officially. 641273438Sdelphij# 642273438Sdelphij# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 643273438Sdelphij# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 644273438Sdelphij# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 645273438Sdelphij# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 646273438Sdelphij# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 647273438Sdelphij# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 648273438Sdelphij# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 649273438Sdelphij# be found on Wikisource: 650273438Sdelphij# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 651273438Sdelphij# 652273438Sdelphij# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 653206868Sedwin 654273438Sdelphij# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 655273438Sdelphij# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9 656273438Sdelphij# back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 657273438Sdelphij# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 658273438Sdelphij# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another 659273438Sdelphij# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 660273438Sdelphij# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 661273438Sdelphij# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 662273438Sdelphij# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 663273438Sdelphij# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 664273438Sdelphij# that: 665273438Sdelphij# 666273438Sdelphij# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 667273438Sdelphij# the time at 135E (GMT+9) 668273438Sdelphij# 669273438Sdelphij# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 670273438Sdelphij# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 671273438Sdelphij# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 672273438Sdelphij# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 673273438Sdelphij# 674273438Sdelphij# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 675273438Sdelphij# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 676273438Sdelphij# Time. 677273438Sdelphij# 678273438Sdelphij# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 679273438Sdelphij# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 680273438Sdelphij# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 681273438Sdelphij# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 682273438Sdelphij# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 683273438Sdelphij# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 684273438Sdelphij 685273438Sdelphij# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 686273438Sdelphij# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 687273438Sdelphij# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 688273438Sdelphij# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 689273438Sdelphij# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 690273438Sdelphij# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 691273438Sdelphij# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 692273438Sdelphij# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 693273438Sdelphij# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 694273438Sdelphij# would be a good one. 695273438Sdelphij# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 696273438Sdelphij# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 697273438Sdelphij 698273438Sdelphij# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 699273438Sdelphij# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 700273438Sdelphij# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 701273438Sdelphij# 702273438Sdelphij# Original Bulletin: 703309568Sglebius# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 704309568Sglebius# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 705273438Sdelphij# 706273438Sdelphij# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 707273438Sdelphij# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 708273438Sdelphij# 709309568Sglebius# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 710273438Sdelphij# 711273438Sdelphij# Here is a brief translation: 712273438Sdelphij# 713273438Sdelphij# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 714273438Sdelphij# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 715309568Sglebius# adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 716273438Sdelphij# 717273438Sdelphij# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 718273438Sdelphij# be found from historical government announcement database. 719273438Sdelphij 720273438Sdelphij# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 721309568Sglebius# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 722273438Sdelphij# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 723273438Sdelphij# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 724273438Sdelphij 72530711Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 726273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 727273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 728273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 729273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 730273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 731273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 73230711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 73330711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 73430711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 73530711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 73630711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 73730711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 73830711SwollmanRule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 739273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 740273438SdelphijRule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 741206868Sedwin 74230711Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 743273438Sdelphij# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 744273438SdelphijZone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 745273438Sdelphij 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1 746309568Sglebius 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 74730711Swollman 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 74830711Swollman 74993799Swollman# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 7502742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 75193799SwollmanRule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 75293799SwollmanRule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 75393799SwollmanRule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 75493799SwollmanRule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 75593799SwollmanRule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 75693799SwollmanRule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 75793799SwollmanRule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 75893799SwollmanRule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 75993799SwollmanRule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 76093799SwollmanRule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 76193799SwollmanRule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 76293799SwollmanRule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 76393799SwollmanRule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 76493799SwollmanRule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 7652742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 766309568SglebiusZone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 76793799Swollman 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 76819878Swollman 8:00 PRC C%sT 7692742Swollman 7702742Swollman 7712742Swollman############################################################################### 7722742Swollman 7732742Swollman# Cyprus 774309568Sglebius 775248310Sedwin# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 776309568Sglebius# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 777309568Sglebius 778309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): 779309568Sglebius# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's 780309568Sglebius# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. 781309568Sglebius# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/ 782248310Sedwin# 783309568Sglebius# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): 784309568Sglebius# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. 785309568Sglebius# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/ 786309568Sglebius 7872742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 78819878SwollmanRule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 7892742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 79019878SwollmanRule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 7912742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 79219878SwollmanRule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 7932742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 7942742SwollmanRule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 79543543SwollmanRule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 79643543SwollmanRule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 7972742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7982742SwollmanZone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 79943543Swollman 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 80058787Sru 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 801309568SglebiusZone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 802309568Sglebius 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 803309568Sglebius 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 804309568Sglebius 3:00 - +03 8052742Swollman 80667578Swollman# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 80767578Swollman# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 80867578SwollmanLink Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 80967578Swollman 8102742Swollman# Georgia 811149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 8129908Swollman# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 8139908Swollman# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 8149908Swollman# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 81514343Swollman# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 81614343Swollman# 817149514Swollman# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 81820094Swollman# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 81920094Swollman# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 82020094Swollman# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 821136638Swollman# 822136638Swollman# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 823149514Swollman# 824136638Swollman# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 825136638Swollman# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 826136638Swollman# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 827136638Swollman# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 828273438Sdelphij# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 829136638Swollman# of integration into Europe. 830136638Swollman 831153670Swollman# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 832153670Swollman# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 833153670Swollman# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 834153670Swollman# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 835153670Swollman# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 836153670Swollman# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 837153670Swollman# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 838153670Swollman# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 839153670Swollman# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 840153670Swollman 841309568Sglebius# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 842309568Sglebius# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 843309568Sglebius# Go with Byalokoz. 844153670Swollman 8452742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 846309568SglebiusZone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 847309568Sglebius 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 848309568Sglebius 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 849309568Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 850309568Sglebius 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 851309568Sglebius 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun 852309568Sglebius 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun 853309568Sglebius 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun 854309568Sglebius 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 855309568Sglebius 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 856309568Sglebius 4:00 - +04 8572742Swollman 85858787Sru# East Timor 85975267Swollman 860169811Swollman# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 861169811Swollman 862273438Sdelphij# From Jo��o Carrascal��o, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 86375267Swollman# East Timor may be late for its millennium 864273438Sdelphij# <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 86575267Swollman# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 86675267Swollman# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 86775267Swollman# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 86875267Swollman# conflicts with their way of life. 86975267Swollman 87075267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 87175267Swollman# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 87275267Swollman# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 87375267Swollman 87475267Swollman# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 875273438Sdelphij# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 876273438Sdelphij# (2000-08-16): 87775267Swollman# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 87875267Swollman# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 87975267Swollman# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 88075267Swollman# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 88175267Swollman 88258787Sru# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 883309568SglebiusZone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 884149514Swollman 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 885169811Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 886149514Swollman 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 887309568Sglebius 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00 888149514Swollman 9:00 - TLT 88958787Sru 8902742Swollman# India 891309568Sglebius 892309568Sglebius# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic 893309568Sglebius# http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ 894309568Sglebius# (2015-12-22): 895309568Sglebius# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the 896309568Sglebius# outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of 897309568Sglebius# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this 898309568Sglebius# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. 899309568Sglebius 9002742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 901309568SglebiusZone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 90219878Swollman 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 90319878Swollman 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 9042742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 9052742Swollman 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 9062742Swollman 5:30 - IST 907177591Sedwin# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 9082742Swollman# Andaman Is 9092742Swollman# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 9102742Swollman# Nicobar Is 9112742Swollman 9122742Swollman# Indonesia 91386222Swollman# 914309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 915309568Sglebius# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 916309568Sglebius# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. 917309568Sglebius# 918158421Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 919309568Sglebius# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 92086222Swollman# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 92186222Swollman# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 92286222Swollman# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 92386222Swollman# 924169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 925169811Swollman# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 926169811Swollman# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 927169811Swollman# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 928169811Swollman# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 929169811Swollman# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 930169811Swollman# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 931273438Sdelphij# R��gimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (��ditions 932169811Swollman# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 933309568Sglebius# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 934169811Swollman# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 935169811Swollman# switched on 1945-09-23. 936169811Swollman# 937257682Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 938257682Sedwin# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 939257682Sedwin# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 940257682Sedwin# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 941257682Sedwin# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 942257682Sedwin# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 943257682Sedwin# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 944309568Sglebius# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: 945257682Sedwin# 946309568Sglebius# WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 947309568Sglebius# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 948309568Sglebius# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 949257682Sedwin# 9502742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 951257682Sedwin# Java, Sumatra 9522742SwollmanZone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 953158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 95458787Sru# but this must be a typo. 955257682Sedwin 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 956309568Sglebius 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 957257682Sedwin 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23 958169811Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 959257682Sedwin 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 960257682Sedwin 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 961257682Sedwin 7:30 - WIB 1964 962257682Sedwin 7:00 - WIB 963257682Sedwin# west and central Borneo 96486222SwollmanZone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 96586222Swollman 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 966257682Sedwin 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29 967169811Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 968257682Sedwin 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 969257682Sedwin 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 970257682Sedwin 7:30 - WIB 1964 971257682Sedwin 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 972257682Sedwin 7:00 - WIB 973257682Sedwin# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 97493799SwollmanZone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 97519878Swollman 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 976257682Sedwin 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9 977169811Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 978257682Sedwin 8:00 - WITA 979257682Sedwin# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 9802742SwollmanZone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 981257682Sedwin 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1 982273438Sdelphij 9:30 - ACST 1964 983257682Sedwin 9:00 - WIT 9842742Swollman 9852742Swollman# Iran 986114173Swollman 987114173Swollman# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 988114173Swollman# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 989114173Swollman# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 99021217Swollman# 991114173Swollman# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 992114173Swollman# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 99321217Swollman# 994114173Swollman# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 995114173Swollman# 996114173Swollman# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 997114173Swollman# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 998114173Swollman# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 999114173Swollman# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1000114173Swollman# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1001114173Swollman# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1002114173Swollman# 1003114173Swollman# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1004114173Swollman# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1005114173Swollman# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1006114173Swollman# Shahrivar. 1007114173Swollman# 1008114173Swollman# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1009114173Swollman# 1010114173Swollman# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1011114173Swollman# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1012114173Swollman# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1013114173Swollman# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1014114173Swollman# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 1015114173Swollman# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 1016149514Swollman# 1017149514Swollman# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1018149514Swollman# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1019149514Swollman# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1020149514Swollman# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1021149514Swollman# plan to change that law.... 1022149514Swollman# 1023158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1024158421Swollman# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1025149514Swollman# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 1026149514Swollman# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 1027149514Swollman# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 1028149514Swollman# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 102921217Swollman# 1030149514Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1031149514Swollman# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1032149514Swollman# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1033149514Swollman# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1034149514Swollman# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1035149514Swollman# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1036149514Swollman# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1037149514Swollman# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1038149514Swollman# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1039149514Swollman# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1040149514Swollman# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1041149514Swollman# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1042149514Swollman# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1043149514Swollman# 1044158421Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1045158421Swollman# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1046158421Swollman# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1047158421Swollman# 1048273438Sdelphij# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper N��rgaard Welen: 1049172479Sedwin# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1050172479Sedwin# daylight saving time ... 1051172479Sedwin# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1052172479Sedwin# 1053174242Sedwin# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1054174242Sedwin# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1055309568Sglebius# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1056174242Sedwin# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1057174242Sedwin# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1058174242Sedwin# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1059174242Sedwin# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1060174242Sedwin# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1061174242Sedwin# 10622742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1063114173SwollmanRule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1064114173SwollmanRule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 1065114173SwollmanRule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 1066114173SwollmanRule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 1067114173SwollmanRule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 1068114173SwollmanRule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1069114173SwollmanRule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1070114173SwollmanRule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1071114173SwollmanRule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1072114173SwollmanRule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1073114173SwollmanRule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1074114173SwollmanRule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1075114173SwollmanRule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1076114173SwollmanRule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1077114173SwollmanRule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1078114173SwollmanRule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1079114173SwollmanRule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1080158421SwollmanRule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1081158421SwollmanRule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1082172479SedwinRule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1083172479SedwinRule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1084172479SedwinRule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1085172479SedwinRule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1086172479SedwinRule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1087172479SedwinRule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1088172479SedwinRule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1089172479SedwinRule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1090172479SedwinRule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1091172479SedwinRule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1092172479SedwinRule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1093172479SedwinRule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1094172479SedwinRule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1095172479SedwinRule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1096172479SedwinRule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1097172479SedwinRule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1098172479SedwinRule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1099172479SedwinRule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1100172479SedwinRule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1101172479SedwinRule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1102172479SedwinRule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1103172479SedwinRule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1104172479SedwinRule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1105172479SedwinRule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1106172479SedwinRule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1107172479SedwinRule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1108172479SedwinRule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1109172479SedwinRule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1110309568Sglebius# 1111309568Sglebius# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038. 1112309568Sglebius# These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the 1113309568Sglebius# restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format. 1114309568Sglebius# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite 1115309568Sglebius# possibly Iran will change the rules first. 1116309568SglebiusRule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1117309568SglebiusRule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1118309568Sglebius 11192742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11202742SwollmanZone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1121309568Sglebius 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1122114173Swollman 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 112319878Swollman 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 112419878Swollman 3:30 Iran IR%sT 11252742Swollman 112664499Swollman 11272742Swollman# Iraq 112864499Swollman# 1129149514Swollman# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 113064499Swollman# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 113175267Swollman# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 113264499Swollman# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 113364499Swollman# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 113464499Swollman# 113564499Swollman# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 113664499Swollman# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 113764499Swollman# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 113864499Swollman# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 113964499Swollman# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 114064499Swollman# 114164499Swollman# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 114264499Swollman 1143177591Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1144177591Sedwin# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1145177591Sedwin# news sources (in Arabic): 1146177591Sedwin# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1147177591Sedwin# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1148177591Sedwin# 1149177591Sedwin# We have published a short article in English about the change: 1150177591Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1151177591Sedwin 11522742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11532742SwollmanRule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 11542742SwollmanRule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 11552742SwollmanRule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 11562742SwollmanRule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 115720094SwollmanRule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 115820094SwollmanRule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 1159273438Sdelphij# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1160158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1161169811Swollman# 1162177591SedwinRule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 1163177591SedwinRule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 11642742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11652742SwollmanZone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1166309568Sglebius 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 11672742Swollman 3:00 - AST 1982 May 11682742Swollman 3:00 Iraq A%sT 11692742Swollman 11702742Swollman 11712742Swollman############################################################################### 11722742Swollman 11732742Swollman# Israel 11742742Swollman 117575267Swollman# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 117675267Swollman# 117775267Swollman# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 117875267Swollman# different abbreviations in use: 117975267Swollman# 118075267Swollman# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 118175267Swollman# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 118275267Swollman# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 118375267Swollman# 118475267Swollman# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 118575267Swollman# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 118675267Swollman# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 118775267Swollman# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 118875267Swollman# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 118975267Swollman# settings in Israeli computers. 119075267Swollman# 119175267Swollman# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 119275267Swollman# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 119375267Swollman# family is from India). 11942742Swollman 1195158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 11962742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11972742SwollmanRule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 11982742SwollmanRule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 11992742SwollmanRule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 12002742SwollmanRule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 12012742SwollmanRule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 12022742SwollmanRule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 12032742SwollmanRule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 12042742SwollmanRule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 12052742SwollmanRule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 12062742SwollmanRule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 12072742SwollmanRule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 12082742SwollmanRule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 12092742SwollmanRule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 12102742SwollmanRule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 12112742SwollmanRule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 12122742SwollmanRule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 12132742SwollmanRule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 12142742SwollmanRule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 12152742SwollmanRule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 12162742SwollmanRule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 12172742SwollmanRule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 12182742SwollmanRule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 12192742SwollmanRule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 12202742SwollmanRule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 12212742SwollmanRule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 12222742SwollmanRule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 12232742SwollmanRule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 12242742SwollmanRule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 12252742SwollmanRule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 12262742SwollmanRule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 12272742SwollmanRule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 12282742SwollmanRule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 12292742SwollmanRule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 12302742SwollmanRule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 12312742SwollmanRule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 12322742SwollmanRule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 12332742SwollmanRule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 12342742SwollmanRule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 12352742Swollman 1236263042Sedwin# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1237263042Sedwin# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1238263042Sedwin# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1239263042Sedwin# ends and changes to Sunday. 1240263042SedwinRule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1241263042SedwinRule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1242263042Sedwin 1243149514Swollman# From Ephraim Silverberg 1244149514Swollman# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1245149514Swollman# and 2005-02-17): 124630711Swollman 12472742Swollman# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 12482742Swollman# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 124943543Swollman# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 125043543Swollman# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 125143543Swollman# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 125243543Swollman# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 125343543Swollman# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 125443543Swollman# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 125543543Swollman# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 125664499Swollman# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 125764499Swollman# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 125843543Swollman# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 125964499Swollman# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 126064499Swollman# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 126164499Swollman# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 126264499Swollman# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 126364499Swollman# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 126464499Swollman# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 126564499Swollman# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 126664499Swollman# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 126764499Swollman# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 126864499Swollman# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 12692742Swollman 12702742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 12712742SwollmanRule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 127219878SwollmanRule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 12732742SwollmanRule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 127419878SwollmanRule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 12752742SwollmanRule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 127619878SwollmanRule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 12772742SwollmanRule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 127819878SwollmanRule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 12792742SwollmanRule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 128019878SwollmanRule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 12812742Swollman 128214343Swollman# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 128314343Swollman# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 128430711Swollman# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 12852742Swollman 128675267Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 128719878SwollmanRule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 128819878SwollmanRule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 128919878SwollmanRule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 129019878SwollmanRule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 12912742Swollman 129230711Swollman# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 129330711Swollman# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 129443014Swollman# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 129514343Swollman# 1296149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 129714343Swollman# 129843014Swollman# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 129930711Swollman# 130058787Sru# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 130143014Swollman# 1302149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 130343014Swollman# 130458787Sru# where YYYY is the relevant year. 13059908Swollman 130614343Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 130730711SwollmanRule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 130819878SwollmanRule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 130930711SwollmanRule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 131030711SwollmanRule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 131130711SwollmanRule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 131243014SwollmanRule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 131343543SwollmanRule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 131443543SwollmanRule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 131514343Swollman 131664499Swollman# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 131764499Swollman# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 131864499Swollman# years 2001-2004 as well. 131958787Sru# 132064499Swollman# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 132158787Sru# 1322149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 132364499Swollman# 132464499Swollman# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 132564499Swollman# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 132664499Swollman# 1327149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 132843014Swollman 132958787Sru# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 133058787SruRule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 133164499SwollmanRule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 133264499SwollmanRule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 133364499SwollmanRule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 133464499SwollmanRule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 133564499SwollmanRule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 133664499SwollmanRule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 133764499SwollmanRule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 133864499SwollmanRule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 133964499SwollmanRule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 134058787Sru 1341149514Swollman# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1342149514Swollman# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1343149514Swollman# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1344149514Swollman# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1345149514Swollman# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1346149514Swollman# 1347149514Swollman# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1348149514Swollman# 1349149514Swollman# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 135030711Swollman 1351242212Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1352149514Swollman# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1353149514Swollman# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1354149514Swollman# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1355242212Sedwin# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1356149514Swollman# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1357242212Sedwin# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1358149514Swollman# 1359242212Sedwin# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1360149514Swollman# 1361149514Swollman# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1362149514Swollman# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1363149514Swollman# springtime transitions explicitly. 1364149514Swollman 1365149514Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1366149514SwollmanRule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1367149514SwollmanRule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1368149514SwollmanRule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1369149514SwollmanRule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1370149514SwollmanRule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1371149514SwollmanRule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1372149514SwollmanRule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1373149514SwollmanRule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1374149514SwollmanRule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1375149514SwollmanRule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1376242212SedwinRule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1377149514SwollmanRule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1378149514Swollman 1379253010Sedwin# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1380253010Sedwin# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1381253010Sedwin# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1382253010Sedwin# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1383253010Sedwin# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1384242212Sedwin# 1385253010Sedwin# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1386253010Sedwin# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1387242212Sedwin 1388242212Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1389242212SedwinRule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1390253010SedwinRule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1391242212Sedwin 13922742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1393253010SedwinZone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1394309568Sglebius 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 13952742Swollman 2:00 Zion I%sT 13962742Swollman 13972742Swollman 1398105196Swollman 13992742Swollman############################################################################### 14002742Swollman 14012742Swollman# Japan 14022742Swollman 1403273438Sdelphij# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 14042742Swollman 1405149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 14069908Swollman# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1407273438Sdelphij# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1408273438Sdelphij# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1409149590Swollman 1410309568Sglebius# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1411309568Sglebius# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1412149590Swollman# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1413149590Swollman# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1414149590Swollman# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1415149590Swollman# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1416149590Swollman# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1417149590Swollman# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1418149590Swollman# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1419149590Swollman# wanted to keep it.) 1420149590Swollman 1421158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1422158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 14239908Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1424149590SwollmanRule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1425149590SwollmanRule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1426149590SwollmanRule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1427149590SwollmanRule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1428149590Swollman# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1429158421Swollman# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1430149590Swollman# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1431149590Swollman# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 14322742Swollman 143343543Swollman# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 143443543Swollman# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1435309568Sglebius# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 1436309568Sglebius# 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N. 143743543Swollman# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 143843543Swollman# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 143943543Swollman# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 144043543Swollman# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 144143543Swollman 144243543Swollman# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 144343543Swollman# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1444273438Sdelphij# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E. 144543543Swollman# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 144643543Swollman# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1447273438Sdelphij# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard 144843543Swollman# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 144943543Swollman# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 145043543Swollman# standard.... 145143543Swollman# 145243543Swollman# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 145343543Swollman# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 145443543Swollman 1455273438Sdelphij# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1456273438Sdelphij# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1457273438Sdelphij# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1458273438Sdelphij# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/������������������������_(���������) 1459273438Sdelphij# 1460273438Sdelphij# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1461273438Sdelphij# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1462273438Sdelphij# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1463273438Sdelphij# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 146443543Swollman 14652742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 146643543SwollmanZone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1467273438Sdelphij 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1 1468273438Sdelphij 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1469149590Swollman 9:00 Japan J%sT 147043543Swollman# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 14712742Swollman 14722742Swollman# Jordan 147358787Sru# 1474273438Sdelphij# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1475273438Sdelphij# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 147658787Sru# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 147758787Sru# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 147858787Sru# all year round. 147958787Sru# 1480273438Sdelphij# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1481273438Sdelphij# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 148258787Sru# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 148358787Sru# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 148458787Sru# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 148558787Sru# government's departments from six to seven hours. 148658787Sru# 1487153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1488153670Swollman# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1489153670Swollman# 1490158421Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1491158421Swollman# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1492158421Swollman# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1493158421Swollman# 1494163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1495163302Sru# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1496163302Sru# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1497163302Sru# 1498190991Sedwin 1499190991Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1500190991Sedwin# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1501190991Sedwin# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1502190991Sedwin# 1503190991Sedwin# Google's translation: 1504190991Sedwin# 1505190991Sedwin# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1506190991Sedwin# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1507190991Sedwin# > of the month of March of each year. 1508190991Sedwin# 1509190991Sedwin# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1510190991Sedwin 1511190991Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1512190991Sedwin# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1513190991Sedwin 1514242212Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1515242212Sedwin# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1516242212Sedwin# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1517242212Sedwin# until about the same time next year (at least). 1518242212Sedwin# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1519242212Sedwin 1520259630Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1521259630Sedwin# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1522259630Sedwin# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1523259630Sedwin# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1524259630Sedwin# Official, in Arabic: 1525259630Sedwin# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1526259630Sedwin# ... Our background/permalink about it 1527259630Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1528259630Sedwin# ... 1529259630Sedwin# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1530259630Sedwin# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1531259630Sedwin# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1532259630Sedwin 1533259630Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1534259630Sedwin# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1535259630Sedwin 15362742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 153775267SwollmanRule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 153875267SwollmanRule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 153975267SwollmanRule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 154075267SwollmanRule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 154175267SwollmanRule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 154275267SwollmanRule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 154375267SwollmanRule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 154475267SwollmanRule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 154575267SwollmanRule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 154675267SwollmanRule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 154775267SwollmanRule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 154875267SwollmanRule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 154975267SwollmanRule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 155075267SwollmanRule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 155175267SwollmanRule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 155275267SwollmanRule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 155375267SwollmanRule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 155475267SwollmanRule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 155575267SwollmanRule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 155675267SwollmanRule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 155758787SruRule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1558190991SedwinRule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1559190991SedwinRule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1560257682SedwinRule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1561153670SwollmanRule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1562153670SwollmanRule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1563163302SruRule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1564259630SedwinRule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1565259630SedwinRule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1566259630SedwinRule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1567259630SedwinRule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 15682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15692742SwollmanZone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1570259630Sedwin 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 15712742Swollman 1572149514Swollman 15732742Swollman# Kazakhstan 1574149514Swollman 1575309568Sglebius# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 1576273438Sdelphij# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1577149514Swollman# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1578149514Swollman# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1579149514Swollman# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 158093799Swollman# 1581149514Swollman# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1582149514Swollman# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1583149514Swollman# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1584149514Swollman# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1585149514Swollman# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1586149514Swollman# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1587149514Swollman# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1588149514Swollman# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1589149514Swollman# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1590149514Swollman 1591309568Sglebius# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27) ([*] means see later comments below): 1592309568Sglebius# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ 1593309568Sglebius# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: 1594114173Swollman# 1595309568Sglebius# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR 1596309568Sglebius# from 1991-02-04 No. 20 1597309568Sglebius# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 1598309568Sglebius# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR 1599309568Sglebius# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. 1600309568Sglebius# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, 1601309568Sglebius# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. 1602309568Sglebius# 1603309568Sglebius# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers 1604309568Sglebius# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet 1605309568Sglebius# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its 1606309568Sglebius# text. 1607309568Sglebius# 1608309568Sglebius# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 1609309568Sglebius# (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via 1610309568Sglebius# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during 1611309568Sglebius# transition to "summer" time: 1612309568Sglebius# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, 1613309568Sglebius# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug 1614309568Sglebius# were to move clocks 1 hour forward. 1615309568Sglebius# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik 1616309568Sglebius# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts 1617309568Sglebius# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. 1618309568Sglebius# Other territories were to not move clocks. 1619309568Sglebius# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be 1620309568Sglebius# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding 1621309568Sglebius# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. 1622309568Sglebius# 1623309568Sglebius# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 1624309568Sglebius# was one of such changes. 1625309568Sglebius# 1626309568Sglebius# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/������������������ ���������� 1627309568Sglebius# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that 1628309568Sglebius# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) 1629309568Sglebius# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks 1630309568Sglebius# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. 1631309568Sglebius# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an 1632309568Sglebius# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not 1633309568Sglebius# move clocks.) 1634309568Sglebius# 1635309568Sglebius# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while 1636309568Sglebius# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 1637309568Sglebius# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Kzyl-Orda oblast moved into the fifth 1638309568Sglebius# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... 1639309568Sglebius# 1640309568Sglebius# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1641309568Sglebius# from 1992-01-13 No. 28 1642309568Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ 1643309568Sglebius# (text includes modification from the 1996 act) 1644309568Sglebius# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian 1645309568Sglebius# 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated 1646309568Sglebius# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks 1647309568Sglebius# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at 1648309568Sglebius# 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was 1649309568Sglebius# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the 1650309568Sglebius# border between them to be located east of Kustanay and Aktyubinsk 1651309568Sglebius# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Kzyl-Orda oblasts into the fifth 1652309568Sglebius# time belt). 1653309568Sglebius# 1654309568Sglebius# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for 1655309568Sglebius# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyrau and Kustanay oblasts; from 1656309568Sglebius# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk) [*].... 1657309568Sglebius# 1658309568Sglebius# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1659309568Sglebius# from 1992-03-27 No. 284 1660309568Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ 1661309568Sglebius# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Kzyl-Orda oblasts 1662309568Sglebius# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth 1663309568Sglebius# and the fifth time belts respectively. 1664309568Sglebius# 1665309568Sglebius# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1666309568Sglebius# from 1994-09-23 No. 384 1667309568Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ 1668309568Sglebius# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangystau 1669309568Sglebius# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on 1670309568Sglebius# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a 1671309568Sglebius# result).... 1672309568Sglebius# 1673309568Sglebius# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1674309568Sglebius# from 1996-05-08 No. 575 1675309568Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ 1676309568Sglebius# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead 1677309568Sglebius# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. 1678309568Sglebius# 1679309568Sglebius# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1680309568Sglebius# from 1999-03-26 No. 305 1681309568Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ 1682309568Sglebius# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyrau oblast since the 1683309568Sglebius# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth 1684309568Sglebius# time belt. 1685309568Sglebius# 1686309568Sglebius# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05. 1687309568Sglebius# 1688309568Sglebius# There is no zone for Atyrau currently (listed under Asia/Aqtau in 1689309568Sglebius# zone1970.tab).[*] 1690309568Sglebius# 1691309568Sglebius# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1692309568Sglebius# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 1693309568Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 1694309568Sglebius# replaces the previous five documents. 1695309568Sglebius# 1696309568Sglebius# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the 1697309568Sglebius# fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling 1698309568Sglebius# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 1699309568Sglebius# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Kostanay oblast 1700309568Sglebius# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Kyzylorda oblast 1701309568Sglebius# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the 1702309568Sglebius# fourth time belt (no change in practice).[*] 1703309568Sglebius# 1704309568Sglebius# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1705309568Sglebius# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 1706309568Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ 1707309568Sglebius# modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. 1708309568Sglebius# 1709309568Sglebius# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1710309568Sglebius# from 2004-07-20 No. 775 1711309568Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 1712309568Sglebius# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Kostanay and Kyzylorda oblasts into 1713309568Sglebius# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not 1714309568Sglebius# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time 1715309568Sglebius# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented 1716309568Sglebius# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically 1717309568Sglebius# amended before implementation happened. 1718309568Sglebius# 1719309568Sglebius# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1720309568Sglebius# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 1721309568Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ 1722309568Sglebius# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" 1723309568Sglebius# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the 1724309568Sglebius# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyrau, West Kazakhstan, 1725309568Sglebius# Kostanay, Kyzylorda and Mangystau oblasts by not moving clocks 1726309568Sglebius# during the 2014 transition to "winter" time. 1727309568Sglebius# 1728309568Sglebius# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyrau oblast (no 1729309568Sglebius# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to 1730309568Sglebius# +06/+07 for Kostanay oblast (Kostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) 1731309568Sglebius# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....[*] 1732309568Sglebius# 1733309568Sglebius# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1734309568Sglebius# from 2005-03-15 No. 231 1735309568Sglebius# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ 1736309568Sglebius# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the 1737309568Sglebius# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 1738309568Sglebius# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. 1739309568Sglebius# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer 1740309568Sglebius# time. 1741309568Sglebius# 1742309568Sglebius# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation 1743309568Sglebius# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. 1744309568Sglebius# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 1745309568Sglebius# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. 1746309568Sglebius 1747309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15): 1748309568Sglebius# The tables below should reflect Stepan Golosunov's remarks above, 1749309568Sglebius# except for the items marked "[*]" which I haven't gotten to yet. 1750309568Sglebius# It looks like we will need new zones Asia/Atyrau and Asia/Qostanay 1751309568Sglebius# to handle changes from 1992 through 2004 that we did not previously 1752309568Sglebius# know about. 1753309568Sglebius 1754309568Sglebius# 17552742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 175693799Swollman# 175793799Swollman# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1758309568Sglebius# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA, 1759309568Sglebius# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ. 176043014SwollmanZone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1761309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 1762309568Sglebius 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1763309568Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1764309568Sglebius 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1765309568Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1766309568Sglebius# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY) 176793799SwollmanZone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1768309568Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1769309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1770309568Sglebius 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1771309568Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1772309568Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1773309568Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1774309568Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1775309568Sglebius 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 1776309568Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1777309568Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1778309568Sglebius# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT) 177920094SwollmanZone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1780309568Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1781309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1782309568Sglebius 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1783309568Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1784309568Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1785309568Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1786309568Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1787309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1788309568Sglebius# Qostanay (KZ-KUS) 1789309568Sglebius 1790309568Sglebius# Mangghystau (KZ-MAN) 179193799Swollman# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 179293799Swollman# so include time stamps before 1963. 179393799SwollmanZone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1794309568Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1795309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1963 1796309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 1797309568Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1798309568Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1799309568Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1800309568Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 1801309568Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1802309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1803309568Sglebius 1804309568Sglebius# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP) 1805309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1806309568Sglebius# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 180793799SwollmanZone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1808309568Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1809309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1810309568Sglebius 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1811309568Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1812309568Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1813309568Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1814309568Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 1815309568Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1816309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 18172742Swollman 181867578Swollman# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1819158421Swollman# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1820149514Swollman 1821149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1822149514Swollman# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1823309568Sglebius# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 1824149514Swollman# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1825149514Swollman# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1826153670Swollman# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1827153670Swollman# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1828153670Swollman# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1829149514Swollman 183020094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1831153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1832153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1833153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1834153670SwollmanRule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 18359908Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 18369908SwollmanZone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1837309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 1838309568Sglebius 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1839309568Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00 1840309568Sglebius 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12 1841309568Sglebius 6:00 - +06 18429908Swollman 18432742Swollman############################################################################### 18442742Swollman 184543014Swollman# Korea (North and South) 18462742Swollman 1847309568Sglebius# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 1848309568Sglebius# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 1849309568Sglebius# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 1850309568Sglebius# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 1851309568Sglebius# between 1987 and 1988 ... 18522742Swollman 1853309568Sglebius# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 1854309568Sglebius# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 1855309568Sglebius# According to the Korean Wikipedia 1856309568Sglebius# http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/������_��������� 1857309568Sglebius# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 1858309568Sglebius# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 1859309568Sglebius# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 1860309568Sglebius# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 1861309568Sglebius# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 1862309568Sglebius# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 1863309568Sglebius 18642742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1865309568SglebiusRule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1866309568SglebiusRule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1867309568SglebiusRule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 1868309568SglebiusRule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1869309568SglebiusRule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1870309568SglebiusRule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 1871309568SglebiusRule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 1872309568SglebiusRule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S 1873309568SglebiusRule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 1874309568SglebiusRule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 1875309568SglebiusRule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 1876309568SglebiusRule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S 1877309568SglebiusRule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1878309568SglebiusRule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 18792742Swollman 1880309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 1881309568Sglebius# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 1882309568Sglebius# 1883309568Sglebius# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) 1884309568Sglebius# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 1885309568Sglebius# (Announcement No. 338) 1886309568Sglebius# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 1887309568Sglebius# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 1888309568Sglebius# 1889309568Sglebius# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 1890309568Sglebius# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) 1891309568Sglebius# 1892309568Sglebius# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 1893273438Sdelphij# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 1894273438Sdelphij# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 1895309568Sglebius# 1896309568Sglebius# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we 1897309568Sglebius# have no information otherwise. 1898273438Sdelphij 1899309568Sglebius# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): 1900309568Sglebius# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to 1901309568Sglebius# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: 1902309568Sglebius# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 1903309568Sglebius# 1904309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): 1905309568Sglebius# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: 1906309568Sglebius# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' 1907309568Sglebius# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html 1908309568Sglebius# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. 1909309568Sglebius# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. 1910309568Sglebius 19112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1912309568SglebiusZone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1913309568Sglebius 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1914273438Sdelphij 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1915273438Sdelphij 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 19162742Swollman 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1917309568Sglebius 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 19182742Swollman 9:00 ROK K%sT 1919309568SglebiusZone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1920309568Sglebius 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1921273438Sdelphij 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1922273438Sdelphij 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 1923309568Sglebius 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 1924309568Sglebius 8:30 - KST 19252742Swollman 19262742Swollman############################################################################### 19272742Swollman 19282742Swollman# Kuwait 1929309568Sglebius# See Asia/Riyadh. 19302742Swollman 19312742Swollman# Laos 1932309568Sglebius# See Asia/Bangkok. 19332742Swollman 1934309568Sglebius 19352742Swollman# Lebanon 19362742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 193719878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 19382742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 193919878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 19402742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 194119878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 19422742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 194319878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 19442742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 194519878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 19462742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 194719878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 19482742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 194919878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 195019878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 19512742SwollmanRule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 195219878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 195320094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 195419878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 195519878SwollmanRule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 195620094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 195720094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 195820094SwollmanRule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 195958787SruRule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 196058787SruRule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 19612742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 19622742SwollmanZone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 196319878Swollman 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 19642742Swollman 19652742Swollman# Malaysia 196619878Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 196786222SwollmanRule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 196819878SwollmanRule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 196986222Swollman# 1970136638Swollman# peninsular Malaysia 1971309568Sglebius# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1972309568Sglebius# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 19732742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1974136638SwollmanZone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1975136638Swollman 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1976136638Swollman 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1977136638Swollman 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1978136638Swollman 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1979136638Swollman 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1980136638Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1981136638Swollman 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 198219878Swollman 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 198386222Swollman# Sabah & Sarawak 1984309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 1985309568Sglebius# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 1986309568Sglebius# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1987136638Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 198819878SwollmanZone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1989309568Sglebius 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1990136638Swollman 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1991136638Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1992136638Swollman 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 199319878Swollman 8:00 - MYT 19942742Swollman 19952742Swollman# Maldives 19962742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1997309568SglebiusZone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1998309568Sglebius 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1999309568Sglebius 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 20002742Swollman 20012742Swollman# Mongolia 200258787Sru 2003158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 2004273438Sdelphij# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 2005273438Sdelphij# (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 200658787Sru 200758787Sru# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 200858787Sru# General Information Mongolia 2009273438Sdelphij# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 201058787Sru# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 2011273438Sdelphij# Bayan-��lgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 201258787Sru# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 201358787Sru# eight hours." 201458787Sru 201558787Sru# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 201658787Sru# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 201758787Sru# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 201858787Sru# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 201958787Sru# of implementation may have been different.... 202058787Sru# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 202158787Sru# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 2022273438Sdelphij# S��khbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 202358787Sru 202458787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 202558787Sru# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 202658787Sru# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 202758787Sru# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 202858787Sru# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 202958787Sru# is good enough for our purposes. 203058787Sru 203186222Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 203286222Swollman# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 203386222Swollman# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 203486222Swollman# there are three time zones. 203586222Swollman# 2036273438Sdelphij# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-��lgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 2037273438Sdelphij# Provinces [at 8:00]: Kh��vsg��l, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, T��v, 2038273438Sdelphij# Bayankhongor, ��v��rkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, ��mn��govi 2039273438Sdelphij# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, S��khbaatar 204086222Swollman# 204186222Swollman# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 204286222Swollman 2043149514Swollman# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 2044136638Swollman# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 2045136638Swollman# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 2046136638Swollman# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 2047136638Swollman# 2048136638Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 2049136638Swollman# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 2050136638Swollman# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 2051136638Swollman 2052149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 2053149514Swollman# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 2054149514Swollman# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 2055149514Swollman# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 2056273438Sdelphij# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nyk��nen (2005-05-16) reports that 2057309568Sglebius# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. 2058149514Swollman# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 2059149514Swollman# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 2060149514Swollman# He also found 2061309568Sglebius# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 2062149514Swollman# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 2063149514Swollman# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 2064149514Swollman# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 2065273438Sdelphij# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but S��khbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 2066149514Swollman# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 2067149514Swollman# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 2068149514Swollman# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 2069149514Swollman 2070169811Swollman# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 2071169811Swollman# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 2072169811Swollman# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 2073169811Swollman# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 2074169811Swollman 2075181418Sedwin# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 2076181418Sedwin# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 2077181418Sedwin# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 2078181418Sedwin# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 2079181418Sedwin# database on this, e.g.: 2080181418Sedwin# 2081181418Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 2082181418Sedwin# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 2083181418Sedwin# 2084181418Sedwin# both say GMT+08:00. 2085181418Sedwin 2086181418Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 2087181418Sedwin# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 2088181418Sedwin# schedule here: 2089181418Sedwin# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 2090181418Sedwin# (click the English flag for English) 2091181418Sedwin# 2092273438Sdelphij# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 2093181418Sedwin# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 2094273438Sdelphij# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 2095273438Sdelphij# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 2096181418Sedwin# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 2097273438Sdelphij# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 2098181418Sedwin 2099181418Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2100181418Sedwin# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 2101181418Sedwin# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 2102181418Sedwin# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 2103181418Sedwin# this is almost surely wrong. 2104181418Sedwin 2105309568Sglebius# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 2106309568Sglebius# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 2107309568Sglebius# daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 2108309568Sglebius# March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 2109309568Sglebius# September daylight saving time ends. Source: 2110309568Sglebius# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 2111309568Sglebius 21122742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 211386222SwollmanRule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 211486222SwollmanRule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2115158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 2116158421Swollman# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 2117158421Swollman# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 2118158421Swollman# 2119158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 2120273438Sdelphij# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and S��khbaatar) took place 2121158421Swollman# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 2122158421Swollman# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 2123158421Swollman# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 2124158421Swollman# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 2125158421Swollman 2126158421SwollmanRule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 2127158421SwollmanRule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 212858787Sru# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 2129136638SwollmanRule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 2130169811SwollmanRule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 2131169811SwollmanRule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 2132309568SglebiusRule Mongol 2015 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 2133309568SglebiusRule Mongol 2015 max - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 213458787Sru 21352742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 213686222Swollman# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 213758787SruZone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 2138309568Sglebius 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 213958787Sru 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 214086222Swollman# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 214158787SruZone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 2142309568Sglebius 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 214319878Swollman 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 2144309568Sglebius# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan T��men, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 214586222Swollman# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 214686222SwollmanZone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 214786222Swollman 7:00 - ULAT 1978 214886222Swollman 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 2149181418Sedwin 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 2150181418Sedwin 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 21512742Swollman 21522742Swollman# Nepal 21532742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2154187588SedwinZone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 21552742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1986 215619878Swollman 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 21572742Swollman 21582742Swollman# Oman 2159309568Sglebius# See Asia/Dubai. 2160248310Sedwin 21612742Swollman# Pakistan 216293799Swollman 216393799Swollman# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 216493799Swollman# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 216593799Swollman# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 216693799Swollman# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 216793799Swollman# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 216893799Swollman# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 216993799Swollman 217093799Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 2171273438Sdelphij# Jesper N��rgaard found this URL: 217293799Swollman# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 217393799Swollman# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 217493799Swollman# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 217593799Swollman# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 217693799Swollman# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 217793799Swollman# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 217893799Swollman# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 217993799Swollman# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 218093799Swollman# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 218193799Swollman 2182114173Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 2183114173Swollman# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 2184114173Swollman# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 2185114173Swollman 2186114173Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 2187114173Swollman# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 2188114173Swollman# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 2189114173Swollman# 2190114173Swollman# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 2191114173Swollman# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 2192114173Swollman# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 2193114173Swollman# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 2194114173Swollman# 2195114173Swollman# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 2196114173Swollman# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2197114173Swollman 2198181418Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2199240461Sedwin# 2200240461Sedwin# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2201181418Sedwin# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2202240461Sedwin# 2203309568Sglebius# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2204309568Sglebius# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2205309568Sglebius# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2206240461Sedwin# 2207181418Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2208181418Sedwin# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2209114173Swollman 2210181418Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2211181418Sedwin# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2212181418Sedwin 2213183066Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2214183066Sedwin# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2215273438Sdelphij# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2216183066Sedwin# instead of August 31. 2217183066Sedwin# 2218183066Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2219183066Sedwin# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2220183066Sedwin 2221191052Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2222191052Sedwin# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2223191052Sedwin# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2224191052Sedwin# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2225191052Sedwin# official working." 2226191052Sedwin# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2227191052Sedwin# 2228191052Sedwin# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2229191052Sedwin# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2230191052Sedwin# 2231191052Sedwin# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2232191052Sedwin# April 08, 2009 2233191052Sedwin# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2234191052Sedwin# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2235191052Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2236191052Sedwin# 2237191052Sedwin# .... 2238191052Sedwin# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2239191052Sedwin# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2240191052Sedwin# conserve energy" 2241191052Sedwin 2242197597Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2243197597Sedwin# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2244197597Sedwin# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2245197597Sedwin# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2246197597Sedwin# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2247240461Sedwin# this regard." 2248197597Sedwin# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2249191052Sedwin 2250198270Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2251198270Sedwin# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2252309568Sglebius# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 2253309568Sglebius# October 1, 2009. 2254198270Sedwin# 2255198270Sedwin# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2256198270Sedwin# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2257198270Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2258309568Sglebius# 2259198270Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2260198270Sedwin# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2261198270Sedwin# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2262198270Sedwin# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2263198270Sedwin# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2264198270Sedwin# Monday." 2265198270Sedwin# 2266198270Sedwin# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2267198270Sedwin# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2268198270Sedwin# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2269198270Sedwin# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2270198270Sedwin# 2271198270Sedwin# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2272198270Sedwin# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2273198270Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2274198270Sedwin 2275273438Sdelphij# From Christoph G��hre (2009-10-01): 2276198270Sedwin# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2277198270Sedwin# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2278198270Sedwin 2279206868Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2280206868Sedwin# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2281206868Sedwin# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2282206868Sedwin# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2283206868Sedwin# > 2284206868Sedwin# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2285206868Sedwin# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2286206868Sedwin# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2287206868Sedwin# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2288206868Sedwin# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2289206868Sedwin# 2290206868Sedwin# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2291206868Sedwin# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2292206868Sedwin# 2293206868Sedwin# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2294206868Sedwin# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2295206868Sedwin 229693799Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2297309568SglebiusRule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2298309568SglebiusRule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2299181418SedwinRule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2300309568SglebiusRule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2301206868SedwinRule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2302206868Sedwin 23032742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 23042742SwollmanZone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 23052742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 23062742Swollman 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 23072742Swollman 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 230819878Swollman 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 230993799Swollman 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 23102742Swollman 23112742Swollman# Palestine 231243014Swollman 2313149514Swollman# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 231443014Swollman# 231543014Swollman# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 231643014Swollman# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 231743014Swollman# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 231843014Swollman# 231943014Swollman# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 232043014Swollman# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 232143014Swollman# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 232243014Swollman# though. 232343014Swollman# 232443014Swollman# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 232543014Swollman# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 232643014Swollman# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 232743014Swollman# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 232843014Swollman# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 232943014Swollman# East Jerusalem. 233043014Swollman# 233143014Swollman# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 233243014Swollman# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 233343014Swollman# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 233443014Swollman# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 233543014Swollman# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 233643014Swollman# 233743014Swollman# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 233843014Swollman# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 233943014Swollman# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 234043014Swollman# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 234143014Swollman# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 234243014Swollman# Jordanian one). 234343014Swollman# 234443014Swollman# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 234543014Swollman# 234643014Swollman# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 234743014Swollman# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 234843014Swollman# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 234943014Swollman# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 235043014Swollman# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 235143014Swollman# 235243014Swollman# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 235343014Swollman# have one). 235443014Swollman 2355158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2356158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 235743014Swollman# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 235843014Swollman# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 235943014Swollman# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 236043014Swollman# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 236143014Swollman# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 236243014Swollman# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 236343014Swollman# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2364243020Sedwin# to Palestine's rules. 236543014Swollman 236643014Swollman# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 236743014Swollman# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 236843014Swollman# 236943014Swollman# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 237043014Swollman# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 237143014Swollman# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 237243014Swollman# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 237343014Swollman 237458787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2375273438Sdelphij# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2376309568Sglebius# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 2377273438Sdelphij# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 237858787Sru# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 237958787Sru# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 238058787Sru# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 238158787Sru# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 238258787Sru 2383153670Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2384153670Swollman# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2385153670Swollman 2386158421Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2387158421Swollman# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2388158421Swollman# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2389158421Swollman# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2390273438Sdelphij# earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2391158421Swollman 2392163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2393163302Sru# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2394163302Sru# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2395163302Sru# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2396163302Sru# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2397163302Sru# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2398163302Sru# the West Bank. 2399163302Sru 2400163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2401163302Sru# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2402163302Sru# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2403163302Sru# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2404163302Sru# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2405163302Sru# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2406163302Sru# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2407163302Sru# because of the Ramadan. 2408163302Sru 2409273438Sdelphij# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2410172479Sedwin# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2411172479Sedwin# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2412172479Sedwin 2413172479Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2414172479Sedwin# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2415172479Sedwin# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2416172479Sedwin# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2417172479Sedwin# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2418172479Sedwin# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2419172479Sedwin 2420183066Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2421183066Sedwin# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2422183066Sedwin# 2423183066Sedwin# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2424183066Sedwin# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2425183066Sedwin# 2426183066Sedwin# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2427183066Sedwin# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2428183066Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2429183066Sedwin 2430190991Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2431190991Sedwin# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2432190991Sedwin# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2433190991Sedwin# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2434190991Sedwin# 2435190991Sedwin# (in Arabic) 2436190991Sedwin# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2437190991Sedwin# 2438190991Sedwin# (English translation) 2439190991Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2440190991Sedwin 2441197000Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2442197000Sedwin# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2443197000Sedwin# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2444197000Sedwin# 2445197000Sedwin# One news source: 2446197000Sedwin# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2447197000Sedwin# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2448197000Sedwin# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2449197000Sedwin# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2450197000Sedwin# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2451197000Sedwin# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2452197000Sedwin# 2453197000Sedwin# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2454197000Sedwin# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2455197000Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2456197000Sedwin 2457197000Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2458197000Sedwin# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2459197000Sedwin# 2460197000Sedwin# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2461197000Sedwin# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2462197000Sedwin# 2463197000Sedwin# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2464197000Sedwin# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2465197000Sedwin# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2466197000Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2467197000Sedwin 2468206219Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2469206219Sedwin# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2470206219Sedwin# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2471206219Sedwin# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2472206219Sedwin# 2473206219Sedwin# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2474206219Sedwin# (in Arabic) 2475206219Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2476206219Sedwin 2477206219Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2478206219Sedwin# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2479206219Sedwin# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2480206219Sedwin# noon though: 2481206219Sedwin# 2482206219Sedwin# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2483206219Sedwin# (Ma'an News Agency) 2484206219Sedwin# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2485206219Sedwin# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2486206219Sedwin 2487211422Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2488211422Sedwin# According to several sources, including 2489211422Sedwin# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2490240461Sedwin# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2491211422Sedwin# Gaza and the West Bank. 2492211422Sedwin# Some more background info: 2493211422Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2494211422Sedwin 2495226298Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2496226298Sedwin# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2497226298Sedwin# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2498226298Sedwin# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2499226298Sedwin# Ramadan. 2500226298Sedwin# 2501226298Sedwin# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2502226298Sedwin# Additional info: 2503226298Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2504226298Sedwin 2505226298Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2506226298Sedwin# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2507226298Sedwin# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2508226298Sedwin# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2509226298Sedwin# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2510226298Sedwin# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2511226298Sedwin# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2512226298Sedwin# ... 2513226298Sedwin# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2514226298Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2515273438Sdelphij# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2516226298Sedwin 2517226298Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2518240461Sedwin# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2519226298Sedwin# 00:00). 2520226298Sedwin# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2521226298Sedwin# 2522226298Sedwin# Many sources, including: 2523226298Sedwin# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2524226298Sedwin 2525240461Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2526240461Sedwin# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2527240461Sedwin# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2528240461Sedwin# Some of many sources in Arabic: 2529240461Sedwin# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2530240461Sedwin# 2531240461Sedwin# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2532240461Sedwin# 2533240461Sedwin# Our brief summary: 2534240461Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2535240461Sedwin 2536249696Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2537249696Sedwin# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2538249696Sedwin# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2539249696Sedwin# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2540249696Sedwin# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2541249696Sedwin# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2542240461Sedwin 2543257682Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2544257682Sedwin# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2545257682Sedwin# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2546257682Sedwin# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2547257682Sedwin# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2548257682Sedwin# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2549257682Sedwin# official source...: 2550257682Sedwin# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2551257682Sedwin 2552309568Sglebius# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 2553309568Sglebius# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 2554309568Sglebius# and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 2555309568Sglebius# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 2556309568Sglebius# 2557309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 2558309568Sglebius# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 2559309568Sglebius# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 2560249696Sedwin 2561309568Sglebius# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 2562309568Sglebius# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 2563309568Sglebius# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 2564309568Sglebius# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 2565309568Sglebius# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 2566309568Sglebius# 2567309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12): 2568309568Sglebius# Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 2569309568Sglebius 2570309568Sglebius# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): 2571309568Sglebius# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on 2572309568Sglebius# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf 2573309568Sglebius# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. 2574309568Sglebius# 2575309568Sglebius# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19): 2576309568Sglebius# Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 2577309568Sglebius# This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring 2578309568Sglebius# predictions. 2579309568Sglebius# 2580309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19): 2581309568Sglebius# It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today: 2582309568Sglebius# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza 2583309568Sglebius# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron 2584309568Sglebius 25852742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 258619878SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 258717200SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 258819878SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 258920094SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 259017200SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 259120094SwollmanRule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 259258787Sru 2593163302SruRule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2594153670SwollmanRule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2595153670SwollmanRule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2596163302SruRule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2597249696SedwinRule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2598163302SruRule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2599183066SedwinRule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2600249696SedwinRule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2601249696SedwinRule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2602249696SedwinRule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2603249696SedwinRule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2604211422SedwinRule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2605249696SedwinRule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2606249696SedwinRule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2607249696SedwinRule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2608249696SedwinRule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2609309568SglebiusRule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2610257682SedwinRule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2611309568SglebiusRule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2612309568SglebiusRule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2613309568SglebiusRule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S 2614309568SglebiusRule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S 2615309568SglebiusRule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 - 261658787Sru 26172742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26182742SwollmanZone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 261943014Swollman 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 262043014Swollman 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 262143014Swollman 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 262258787Sru 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2623309568Sglebius 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2624249696Sedwin 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2625249696Sedwin 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2626309568Sglebius 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2627249696Sedwin 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2628249696Sedwin 2:00 - EET 2012 2629249696Sedwin 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 26302742Swollman 2631226298SedwinZone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2632226298Sedwin 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2633226298Sedwin 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2634226298Sedwin 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2635226298Sedwin 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2636249696Sedwin 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2637226298Sedwin 263814343Swollman# Paracel Is 263914343Swollman# no information 264014343Swollman 26412742Swollman# Philippines 2642273438Sdelphij# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claver��a, governor-general of the 264375267Swollman# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2644273438Sdelphij# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2645273438Sdelphij# History of the International Date Line 2646309568Sglebius# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 2647309568Sglebius# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2648158421Swollman 2649273438Sdelphij# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2650158421Swollman# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2651158421Swollman# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2652158421Swollman# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2653158421Swollman# but no details] 2654158421Swollman 2655309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 2656309568Sglebius# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 2657309568Sglebius# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 2658309568Sglebius# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 2659309568Sglebius# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 2660309568Sglebius# Philippine Star 2014-08-05 2661309568Sglebius# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 2662309568Sglebius 26632742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 266419878SwollmanRule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 266519878SwollmanRule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 266619878SwollmanRule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 266719878SwollmanRule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 266819878SwollmanRule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 266919878SwollmanRule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 26702742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 267175267SwollmanZone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 26722742Swollman 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 267319878Swollman 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 26742742Swollman 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 267519878Swollman 8:00 Phil PH%sT 26762742Swollman 26772742Swollman# Qatar 26782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2679309568SglebiusZone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 26802742Swollman 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 26812742Swollman 3:00 - AST 2682309568SglebiusLink Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain 26832742Swollman 26842742Swollman# Saudi Arabia 2685273438Sdelphij# 2686273438Sdelphij# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 2687273438Sdelphij# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 2688273438Sdelphij# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it 2689273438Sdelphij# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 2690273438Sdelphij# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 2691273438Sdelphij# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 2692273438Sdelphij# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 2693273438Sdelphij# o'clock for "Arab" time). 2694273438Sdelphij# 2695273438Sdelphij# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 2696273438Sdelphij# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 2697273438Sdelphij# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 2698273438Sdelphij# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 2699273438Sdelphij# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 2700273438Sdelphij# earlier date. 2701273438Sdelphij# 2702273438Sdelphij# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 2703309568Sglebius# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of 2704273438Sdelphij# the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 2705273438Sdelphij# 27062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2707273438SdelphijZone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 27082742Swollman 3:00 - AST 2709309568SglebiusLink Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen 2710309568SglebiusLink Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait 27112742Swollman 27122742Swollman# Singapore 2713309568Sglebius# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2714309568Sglebius# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 27152742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2716136638SwollmanZone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2717136638Swollman 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2718136638Swollman 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2719136638Swollman 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2720136638Swollman 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2721136638Swollman 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2722136638Swollman 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 272319878Swollman 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2724136638Swollman 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 27252742Swollman 8:00 - SGT 27262742Swollman 272714343Swollman# Spratly Is 272814343Swollman# no information 272914343Swollman 27302742Swollman# Sri Lanka 2731248310Sedwin 2732248310Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2733248310Sedwin# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2734248310Sedwin# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2735248310Sedwin# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2736248310Sedwin# Shanks and Pottenger. 2737248310Sedwin 273819878Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 273958787Sru# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2740273438Sdelphij# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 274158787Sru# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2742273438Sdelphij# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2743273438Sdelphij# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 274430711Swollman# 274530711Swollman# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2746273438Sdelphij# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 2747273438Sdelphij# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 274830711Swollman# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 274930711Swollman# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 275019878Swollman 2751273438Sdelphij# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2752158421Swollman# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2753158421Swollman# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2754158421Swollman# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2755158421Swollman 2756158421Swollman# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2757309568Sglebius# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 2758158421Swollman# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2759158421Swollman# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2760158421Swollman# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2761158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2762177591Sedwin# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2763158421Swollman# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2764158421Swollman 2765309568Sglebius# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19): 2766309568Sglebius# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units, 2767309568Sglebius# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka 2768309568Sglebius# standard time is SLST. 2769158421Swollman# 2770309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18): 2771309568Sglebius# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time 2772309568Sglebius# zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of 2773309568Sglebius# it in the International Business Times of India in February and 2774309568Sglebius# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing 2775309568Sglebius# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in 2776309568Sglebius# other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is 2777309568Sglebius# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can 2778309568Sglebius# switch to "SLST" if it catches on. 2779158421Swollman 27802742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27812742SwollmanZone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2782309568Sglebius 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2783309568Sglebius 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5 2784309568Sglebius 5:30 0:30 +0530/+06 1942 Sep 2785309568Sglebius 5:30 1:00 +0530/+0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2786309568Sglebius 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00 2787309568Sglebius 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2788309568Sglebius 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2789309568Sglebius 5:30 - +0530 27902742Swollman 27912742Swollman# Syria 27922742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 279319878SwollmanRule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 27942742SwollmanRule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 279519878SwollmanRule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 27962742SwollmanRule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 279719878SwollmanRule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 27982742SwollmanRule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 27992742SwollmanRule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 28002742SwollmanRule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 280119878SwollmanRule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 28022742SwollmanRule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 280319878SwollmanRule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 28042742SwollmanRule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 280519878SwollmanRule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 28062742SwollmanRule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 280719878SwollmanRule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 28082742SwollmanRule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 280919878SwollmanRule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 28102742SwollmanRule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 281119878SwollmanRule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 281219878SwollmanRule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 28132742SwollmanRule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 281420094SwollmanRule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 281520094SwollmanRule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 281620094SwollmanRule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 281720094SwollmanRule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 281820094SwollmanRule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 281920094SwollmanRule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 282020094SwollmanRule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 282158787Sru# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 282258787Sru# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 282358787Sru# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2824163302Sru# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2825163302Sru# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2826163302Sru# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 282758787SruRule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2828163302SruRule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 282958787SruRule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2830169811SwollmanRule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2831163302Sru# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2832163302Sru# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2833163302Sru# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2834163302SruRule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2835169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2836169811Swollman# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2837169811Swollman# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2838177591SedwinRule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2839273438Sdelphij# From Jesper N��rgaard (2007-10-27): 2840173319Sedwin# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2841253010Sedwin# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 2842253010Sedwin# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 2843173319Sedwin# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2844173319Sedwin# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2845173319Sedwin# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2846240461Sedwin# 2847173319Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2848273438Sdelphij# Jesper N��rgaard Welen wrote: 2849240461Sedwin# 2850173319Sedwin# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2851173319Sedwin# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2852240461Sedwin# 2853173319Sedwin# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2854173319Sedwin# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2855240461Sedwin# 2856173319Sedwin# which using Google's translate tools says: 2857240461Sedwin# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2858240461Sedwin# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2859173319Sedwin# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2860177591SedwinRule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2861177591Sedwin 2862177591Sedwin# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2863177591Sedwin# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2864309568Sglebius# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 2865177591Sedwin# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2866177591Sedwin# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2867177591Sedwin# Variation 2868177591Sedwin# Syrian Arab 2869177591Sedwin# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2870177591Sedwin# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2871177591Sedwin# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2872177591Sedwin 2873177591Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2874177591Sedwin# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2875177591Sedwin# Agency (SANA)... 2876177591Sedwin# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2877273438Sdelphij# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2878177591Sedwin# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2879177591Sedwin# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2880177591Sedwin# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2881177591Sedwin# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2882177591Sedwin 2883177591Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2884273438Sdelphij# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2885177591Sedwin# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2886177591Sedwin# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2887177591Sedwin# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2888177591Sedwin 2889183864Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2890183864Sedwin# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2891183864Sedwin# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2892183864Sedwin# 2893183864Sedwin# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2894183864Sedwin# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2895183864Sedwin# clocks back 60 minutes). 2896183864Sedwin# 2897183864Sedwin# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2898183864Sedwin 2899190372Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2900190372Sedwin# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2901190372Sedwin# two examples: 2902190372Sedwin# 2903190372Sedwin# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2904190372Sedwin# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2905190372Sedwin# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2906190372Sedwin# (Arabic, gov-site) 2907190372Sedwin# 2908190372Sedwin# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2909190372Sedwin# 2910190372Sedwin# Our summary 2911190372Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2912190372Sedwin 2913198825Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2914240461Sedwin# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2915240461Sedwin# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2916198825Sedwin# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2917198825Sedwin# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2918198825Sedwin 2919198825Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2920198825Sedwin# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2921198825Sedwin# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2922198825Sedwin# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2923198825Sedwin 2924205475Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 2925205475Sedwin# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 2926205475Sedwin# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 2927205475Sedwin# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 2928205475Sedwin# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 2929205475Sedwin 2930240461Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2931240461Sedwin# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 2932240461Sedwin# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 2933240461Sedwin# 2934240461Sedwin# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 2935240461Sedwin# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 2936240461Sedwin# 2937240461Sedwin# Our brief summary: 2938240461Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 2939240461Sedwin 2940240461Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2941240461Sedwin# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 2942240461Sedwin 2943190372SedwinRule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2944198825SedwinRule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2945205475SedwinRule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2946240461SedwinRule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2947240461SedwinRule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2948198825SedwinRule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2949177591Sedwin 29502742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2951309568SglebiusZone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 295219878Swollman 2:00 Syria EE%sT 29532742Swollman 29542742Swollman# Tajikistan 2955158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger. 29562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29572742SwollmanZone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2958309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2959309568Sglebius 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2960309568Sglebius 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2961309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 29622742Swollman 29632742Swollman# Thailand 29642742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29652742SwollmanZone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 296619878Swollman 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 29672742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 2968309568SglebiusLink Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia 2969309568SglebiusLink Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos 29702742Swollman 29712742Swollman# Turkmenistan 2972158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger. 29732742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 297467578SwollmanZone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2975309568Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2976309568Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2977309568Sglebius 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2978309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 29792742Swollman 29802742Swollman# United Arab Emirates 29812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29822742SwollmanZone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 29832742Swollman 4:00 - GST 2984309568SglebiusLink Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman 29852742Swollman 29862742Swollman# Uzbekistan 2987309568Sglebius# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 29882742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2989309568SglebiusZone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 2990309568Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2991309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2992309568Sglebius 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2993309568Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2994309568Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 2995309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 2996273438Sdelphij# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 2997273438SdelphijZone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 2998309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2999309568Sglebius 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3000309568Sglebius 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3001309568Sglebius 5:00 - +05 30022742Swollman 30032742Swollman# Vietnam 3004158421Swollman 3005309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 3006248310Sedwin# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 3007248310Sedwin# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 3008248310Sedwin# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 3009309568Sglebius# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 3010248310Sedwin 3011177591Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3012273438Sdelphij# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 3013273438Sdelphij# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 3014158421Swollman 3015309568Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Tr���n Ng���c Qu��n: 3016309568Sglebius# Tr���n Ti���n B��nh's authoritative book "L���ch Vi���t Nam: th��� k��� XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 3017309568Sglebius# (Nh�� xu���t b���n V��n Ho�� - Th��ng Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 3018309568Sglebius# is quoted verbatim in: 3019309568Sglebius# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 3020309568Sglebius# is translated by Brian Inglis in: 3021309568Sglebius# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 3022309568Sglebius# and is the basis for the information below. 3023309568Sglebius# 3024309568Sglebius# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 3025309568Sglebius# Ph�� Li���n Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris. 3026309568Sglebius# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 3027309568Sglebius# the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... 3028309568Sglebius# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, 3029309568Sglebius# which is used below even though the modern-day Ph�� Li���n Observatory 3030309568Sglebius# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Ph�� Li���n Mean Time as PLMT. 3031309568Sglebius# 3032309568Sglebius# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 3033309568Sglebius# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 3034309568Sglebius# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 3035309568Sglebius# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 3036309568Sglebius# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 3037309568Sglebius# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 3038309568Sglebius# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 3039309568Sglebius# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 3040309568Sglebius# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 3041309568Sglebius# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 3042309568Sglebius# 3043309568Sglebius# Tr���n cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 3044309568Sglebius# 3045309568Sglebius# Ho��ng Xu��n H��n: "L���ch v�� l���ch Vi���t Nam". T���p san Khoa h���c X�� h���i, 3046309568Sglebius# No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 3047309568Sglebius# 3048309568Sglebius# L�� Th��nh L��n: "L���ch v�� ni��n bi���u l���ch s��� hai m����i th��� k��� (0001-2010)", 3049309568Sglebius# NXB Th���ng k��, Hanoi, 2000. 3050309568Sglebius# 3051309568Sglebius# L�� Th��nh L��n: "L���ch hai th��� k��� (1802-2010) v�� c��c l���ch v��nh c���u", 3052309568Sglebius# NXB Thu���n Ho��, Hu���, 1995. 3053309568Sglebius 30542742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3055309568SglebiusZone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 3056309568Sglebius 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 3057309568Sglebius 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00 3058309568Sglebius 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00 3059309568Sglebius 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2 3060309568Sglebius 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1 3061309568Sglebius 8:00 - IDT 1955 Jul 1 3062309568Sglebius 7:00 - ICT 1959 Dec 31 23:00 3063309568Sglebius 8:00 - IDT 1975 Jun 13 30642742Swollman 7:00 - ICT 30652742Swollman 30662742Swollman# Yemen 3067309568Sglebius# See Asia/Riyadh. 3068