antarctica revision 75264
175264Swollman# @(#)antarctica 7.21 22744Swollman 358782Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 458782Sru# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 558782Sru# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 658782Sru# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 743009Swollman# </a> 843009Swollman# and 943009Swollman# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 1058782Sru# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 1143009Swollman# </a> 1243009Swollman# for information. 1319876Swollman# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 1419876Swollman# 1530708Swollman# Except for the French entries, 1619876Swollman# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 1775264Swollman# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 182744Swollman 1975264Swollman# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 2075264Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2175264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2275264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2375264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 2475264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2575264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 2675264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 2775264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2875264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 2975264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 3075264Swollman 3120091Swollman# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 3220091Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3320091SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 3420091SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 3520091SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - 3620091SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S 3720091SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - 3820091SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 3920091SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 4020091SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S 4120091SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - 4258782SruRule ChileAQ 1969 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S 4358782SruRule ChileAQ 1970 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - 4458782SruRule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 0:00 1:00 S 4558782SruRule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 - 4658782SruRule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S 4758782SruRule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - 482744Swollman 4920091Swollman 5058782Sru# Argentina - year-round bases 5158782Sru# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 5258782Sru# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 5358782Sru# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 5458782Sru# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 5558782Sru# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 5658782Sru# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 5758782Sru# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 582744Swollman 5919876Swollman# Australia - territories 6030708Swollman# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 6158782Sru# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 6258782Sru# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 6358782Sru# Margaret Turner reports 6458782Sru# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 6558782Sru# presumably this is when they have visitors. 6619876Swollman# 6719876Swollman# year-round bases 6858782Sru# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 6958782Sru# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 7058782Sru# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 7158782Sru# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 7219876Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7375264SwollmanZone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 7419876Swollman 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time 7575264SwollmanZone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 7643009Swollman 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 7775264Swollman 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 7843009Swollman 7:00 - DAVT 7975264SwollmanZone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 8019876Swollman 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time 8119876Swollman# References: 8243009Swollman# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 8343009Swollman# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 8443009Swollman# </a> 8543009Swollman# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 8643009Swollman# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 8743009Swollman# </a> 8843009Swollman# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 8943009Swollman# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 9043009Swollman# </a> 9114338Swollman 9219876Swollman# Brazil - year-round base 9319876Swollman# Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4 9414338Swollman 9558782Sru# Chile - year-round bases 9658782Sru# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 9758782Sru# Frei, King George Is, -6214-05848, since 1969 9858782Sru# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 9958782Sru# Prat, -6230-05941 10014338Swollman 10119876Swollman# China - year-round bases 10219876Swollman# Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20 10319876Swollman# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26 10419876Swollman 10530708Swollman# France - year-round bases 10619876Swollman# 10730708Swollman# From Antoine Leca <Antoine.Leca@Renault.FR> (1997-01-20): 10830708Swollman# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 10930708Swollman# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 11030708Swollman# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 11130708Swollman# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 11230708Swollman# from Tasmania. 11330708Swollman# 11419876Swollman# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 11519876Swollman# 11630708Swollman# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 11730708Swollman# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 11830708Swollman# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 11958782Sru# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 12030708Swollman# 12158782Sru# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 12258782Sru# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 12330708Swollman# 12430708Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12575264SwollmanZone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 12630708Swollman 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 12730708Swollman# 12830708Swollman# year-round base in the main continent 12958782Sru# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 13030708Swollman# 13130708Swollman# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 13230708Swollman# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 13330708Swollman# 13430708Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13575264SwollmanZone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 13630708Swollman 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 13775264Swollman 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 13830708Swollman 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 13930708Swollman# Reference: 14043009Swollman# <a href="http://www.icair.iac.org.nz/science/reports/fr/IFRTP.html"> 14143009Swollman# Support and Development of Polar Research and Technology (1997-02-03) 14243009Swollman# </a> 14319876Swollman 14430708Swollman 14519876Swollman# Germany - year-round base 14619876Swollman# Georg von Neumayer 14719876Swollman 14819876Swollman# India - year-round base 14919876Swollman# Dakshin Gangotri 15019876Swollman 15119876Swollman# Japan - year-round bases 15219876Swollman# Dome Fuji 15319876Swollman# Syowa 15458782Sru# 15558782Sru# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 15658782Sru# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. [See] 15758782Sru# <a href="http://www.crl.go.jp/uk/uk201/basyo.htm">[reference in Japanese]</a> 15858782Sru# and information from KAMO Hiroyasu <wd@ics.nara-wu.ac.jp>. 15958782Sru# 16058782Sru# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 16158782Sru# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 16258782Sru# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 16358782Sru# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 16475264SwollmanZone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 16558782Sru 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 16658782Sru# See: 16758782Sru# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 16858782Sru# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 16958782Sru# </a> 17019876Swollman 17119876Swollman# S Korea - year-round base 17219876Swollman# King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988 17319876Swollman 17419876Swollman# New Zealand - claims 17530708Swollman# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 17630708Swollman# Scott Island (never inhabited) 17719876Swollman# 17819876Swollman# year-round base 17919876Swollman# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 18019876Swollman# 18119876Swollman# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 18219876Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 18319876SwollmanRule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 18419876SwollmanRule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 18519876SwollmanRule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 18619876SwollmanRule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 18719876SwollmanRule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 18819876SwollmanRule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 18919876SwollmanRule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 19019876Swollman 19119876Swollman# Norway - territories 19230708Swollman# Bouvet (never inhabited) 19319876Swollman# 19419876Swollman# claims 19530708Swollman# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 19619876Swollman 19719876Swollman# Poland - year-round base 19858782Sru# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 19919876Swollman 20019876Swollman# Russia - year-round bases 20158782Sru# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 20258782Sru# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 20375264Swollman# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 20475264Swollman# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 20575264Swollman# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 20619876Swollman 20775264Swollman# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 20875264Swollman# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 20975264Swollman# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 21075264Swollman# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 21175264Swollman# time as Moscow, Russia. 21275264Swollman# 21375264Swollman# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 21475264Swollman# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 21575264Swollman# what they had to say about time there: 21675264Swollman# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 21775264Swollman# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 21875264Swollman# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 21975264Swollman# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 22075264Swollman# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 22175264Swollman# 22275264SwollmanZone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 22375264Swollman 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 22475264Swollman 22519876Swollman# S Africa - year-round bases 22619876Swollman# Marion Island 22719876Swollman# Sanae 22819876Swollman 22919876Swollman# UK 23019876Swollman# 23119876Swollman# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 23219876Swollman# South Orkney Islands 23330708Swollman# scientific station from 1903 23458782Sru# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 23519876Swollman# South Shetland Islands 23619876Swollman# 23719876Swollman# year-round bases 23858782Sru# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 23975264Swollman# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 24075264Swollman# scientific station 1943/1967, 24175264Swollman# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 24275264Swollman# and a garrison was deployed briefly 24375264Swollman# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 24475264Swollman# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 24575264Swollman# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 24619876Swollman# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 24719876Swollman 24819876Swollman# Uruguay - year round base 24958782Sru# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 25019876Swollman 25119876Swollman# USA - year-round bases 25219876Swollman# 25320091Swollman# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 25419876Swollman# 25520091Swollman# From Ethan Dicks <erd@mcmsun5.mcmurdo.gov> (1996-10-06): 25620091Swollman# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 25720091Swollman# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 25820091Swollman# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 25920091Swollman# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 26020091Swollman# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 26120091Swollman# 26220091Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26375264SwollmanZone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 26420091Swollman -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 26520091Swollman -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 26620091Swollman -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 26720091Swollman# 26820091Swollman# 26975264Swollman# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 27019876Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27175264SwollmanZone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 27219876Swollman 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 27319876Swollman# 27475264Swollman# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 27575264Swollman# 27619876Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 27719876Swollman# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 27819876Swollman# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 27919876Swollman# 28019876Swollman# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-27): 28119876Swollman# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 28219876Swollman# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 28319876Swollman# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 28419876Swollman# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 28519876Swollman# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 28619876Swollman# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 28719876Swollman# 28843009Swollman# From Susan Smith 28943009Swollman# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 29043009Swollman# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 29143009Swollman# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 29219876Swollman# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 29319876Swollman# One last quirk about South Pole time. 29419876Swollman# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 29519876Swollman# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 29619876Swollman# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 29719876Swollman# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 29819876Swollman# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 29919876Swollman# 30019876SwollmanLink Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 301