antarctica revision 199107
1153758Swollman# <pre> 2199107Sedwin# @(#)antarctica 8.6 3192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 52744Swollman 658782Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 758782Sru# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 858782Sru# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 958782Sru# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 1043009Swollman# </a> 1143009Swollman# and 1243009Swollman# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 1358782Sru# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 1443009Swollman# </a> 1543009Swollman# for information. 1619876Swollman# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 1719876Swollman# 1830708Swollman# Except for the French entries, 1919876Swollman# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 2075264Swollman# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 212744Swollman 2275264Swollman# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 2375264Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2475264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2575264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2675264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 2775264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2875264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 2975264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 3075264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 3175264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 3275264SwollmanRule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 3375264Swollman 3420091Swollman# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 3520091Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3620091SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 3720091SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 38169808SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 39158417SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 40158417SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 4120091SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 4220091SwollmanRule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 43169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 44169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 45169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 46169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 47169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 48169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 49169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 50169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 51169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 52169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 53169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 54169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 55169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 56169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 57169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 58169808SwollmanRule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 592744Swollman 6020091Swollman 6158782Sru# Argentina - year-round bases 6258782Sru# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 6358782Sru# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 6458782Sru# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 6558782Sru# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 6658782Sru# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 6758782Sru# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 6858782Sru# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 692744Swollman 7019876Swollman# Australia - territories 7130708Swollman# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 7258782Sru# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 73153667Swollman# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 7458782Sru# Margaret Turner reports 7558782Sru# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 7658782Sru# presumably this is when they have visitors. 7719876Swollman# 7819876Swollman# year-round bases 7958782Sru# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 8058782Sru# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 8158782Sru# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 8258782Sru# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 83199107Sedwin 84199107Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): 85199107Sedwin# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: 86199107Sedwin# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 87199107Sedwin# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 88199107Sedwin# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 89199107Sedwin# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). 90199107Sedwin# 91199107Sedwin# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) 92199107Sedwin# <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079"> 93199107Sedwin# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 94199107Sedwin# </a> 95199107Sedwin# 96199107Sedwin# We have more background information here: 97199107Sedwin# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html"> 98199107Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html 99199107Sedwin# </a> 100199107Sedwin 10119876Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10275264SwollmanZone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 103199107Sedwin 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00 104199107Sedwin # Western (Aus) Standard Time 105199107Sedwin 11:00 - CAST # Casey Time 10675264SwollmanZone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 10743009Swollman 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 10875264Swollman 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 109199107Sedwin 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:0 110199107Sedwin 5:00 - DAVT 11175264SwollmanZone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 112199107Sedwin 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 113199107Sedwin # Mawson Time 114199107Sedwin 5:00 - MAWT 11519876Swollman# References: 11643009Swollman# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 11743009Swollman# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 11843009Swollman# </a> 11943009Swollman# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 12043009Swollman# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 12143009Swollman# </a> 12243009Swollman# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 12343009Swollman# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 12443009Swollman# </a> 12514338Swollman 12619876Swollman# Brazil - year-round base 127149511Swollman# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 12814338Swollman 12986218Swollman# Chile - year-round bases and towns 13058782Sru# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 131149511Swollman# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 132149511Swollman# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 133149511Swollman# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 134149511Swollman# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 13586218Swollman# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 13614338Swollman 13719876Swollman# China - year-round bases 138149511Swollman# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 139149511Swollman# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 14019876Swollman 14130708Swollman# France - year-round bases 14219876Swollman# 143153667Swollman# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 14430708Swollman# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 14530708Swollman# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 14630708Swollman# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 14730708Swollman# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 14830708Swollman# from Tasmania. 14930708Swollman# 15019876Swollman# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 15119876Swollman# 15230708Swollman# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 15330708Swollman# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 15430708Swollman# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 15558782Sru# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 15630708Swollman# 15758782Sru# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 15858782Sru# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 15930708Swollman# 16030708Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 16175264SwollmanZone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 16230708Swollman 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 16330708Swollman# 16430708Swollman# year-round base in the main continent 16558782Sru# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 16630708Swollman# 16730708Swollman# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 16830708Swollman# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 16930708Swollman# 17030708Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 17175264SwollmanZone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 17230708Swollman 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 17375264Swollman 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 17430708Swollman 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 17530708Swollman# Reference: 176153667Swollman# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 177153667Swollman# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 17843009Swollman# </a> 17919876Swollman 18019876Swollman# Germany - year-round base 181149511Swollman# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 18219876Swollman 18319876Swollman# India - year-round base 184149511Swollman# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 18519876Swollman 18619876Swollman# Japan - year-round bases 187149511Swollman# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 188149511Swollman# Syowa, -690022+0393524 18958782Sru# 19058782Sru# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 191153667Swollman# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 19258782Sru# 19358782Sru# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 19458782Sru# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 19558782Sru# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 19658782Sru# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 19775264SwollmanZone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 19858782Sru 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 19958782Sru# See: 20058782Sru# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 20158782Sru# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 20258782Sru# </a> 20319876Swollman 20419876Swollman# S Korea - year-round base 205149511Swollman# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 20619876Swollman 20719876Swollman# New Zealand - claims 20830708Swollman# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 20930708Swollman# Scott Island (never inhabited) 21019876Swollman# 21119876Swollman# year-round base 21219876Swollman# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 21319876Swollman# 21419876Swollman# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 21519876Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 21619876SwollmanRule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 21719876SwollmanRule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 21819876SwollmanRule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 219171945SedwinRule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 22019876SwollmanRule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 22119876SwollmanRule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 222171945SedwinRule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 223171945SedwinRule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 224171945SedwinRule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 22519876Swollman 22619876Swollman# Norway - territories 22730708Swollman# Bouvet (never inhabited) 22819876Swollman# 22919876Swollman# claims 23030708Swollman# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 23119876Swollman 23219876Swollman# Poland - year-round base 23358782Sru# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 23419876Swollman 23519876Swollman# Russia - year-round bases 23658782Sru# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 23758782Sru# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 238149511Swollman# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 239149511Swollman# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 24075264Swollman# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 24175264Swollman# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 24219876Swollman 24375264Swollman# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 24475264Swollman# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 24575264Swollman# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 24675264Swollman# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 24775264Swollman# time as Moscow, Russia. 24875264Swollman# 24975264Swollman# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 25075264Swollman# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 25175264Swollman# what they had to say about time there: 25275264Swollman# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 25375264Swollman# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 25475264Swollman# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 25575264Swollman# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 25675264Swollman# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 25775264Swollman# 25886218Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 25986218Swollman# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 26086218Swollman# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 26186218Swollman# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 26286218Swollman# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 26386218Swollman# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 26486218Swollman# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 26586218Swollman# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 26686218Swollman# 26775264SwollmanZone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 26875264Swollman 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 26975264Swollman 27019876Swollman# S Africa - year-round bases 271149511Swollman# Marion Island, -4653+03752 272149511Swollman# Sanae, -7141-00250 27319876Swollman 27419876Swollman# UK 27519876Swollman# 27619876Swollman# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 27719876Swollman# South Orkney Islands 27830708Swollman# scientific station from 1903 27958782Sru# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 28019876Swollman# South Shetland Islands 28119876Swollman# 28219876Swollman# year-round bases 28358782Sru# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 28475264Swollman# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 28575264Swollman# scientific station 1943/1967, 28675264Swollman# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 28775264Swollman# and a garrison was deployed briefly 28875264Swollman# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 28975264Swollman# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 29075264Swollman# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 29119876Swollman# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 292114170Swollman# 293114170Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 294114170Swollman# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 295114170Swollman# 296114170Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 297114170SwollmanZone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 298114170Swollman -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 29919876Swollman 30019876Swollman# Uruguay - year round base 30158782Sru# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 30219876Swollman 30319876Swollman# USA - year-round bases 30419876Swollman# 30520091Swollman# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 30619876Swollman# 307149511Swollman# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 30820091Swollman# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 30920091Swollman# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 31020091Swollman# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 31120091Swollman# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 31220091Swollman# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 31320091Swollman# 31420091Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 31575264SwollmanZone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 31620091Swollman -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 31720091Swollman -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 31820091Swollman -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 31920091Swollman# 32020091Swollman# 32175264Swollman# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 32219876Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 32375264SwollmanZone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 32419876Swollman 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 32519876Swollman# 32675264Swollman# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 32775264Swollman# 32819876Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 32919876Swollman# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 33019876Swollman# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 33119876Swollman# 332153667Swollman# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 33319876Swollman# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 33419876Swollman# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 33519876Swollman# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 33619876Swollman# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 33719876Swollman# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 33819876Swollman# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 33919876Swollman# 34043009Swollman# From Susan Smith 34143009Swollman# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 34243009Swollman# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 34343009Swollman# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 34419876Swollman# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 34519876Swollman# One last quirk about South Pole time. 34619876Swollman# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 34719876Swollman# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 34819876Swollman# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 34919876Swollman# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 35019876Swollman# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 35119876Swollman# 35219876SwollmanLink Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 353