africa revision 30711
130711Swollman# @(#)africa	7.20
22742Swollman
32742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
42742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
52742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
62742Swollman
730711Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1997-10-05):
82742Swollman#
92742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
1030711Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
1130711Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
122742Swollman#
1320094Swollman# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
1420094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1520094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1620094Swollman# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
1720094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990.
1820094Swollman#
1920094Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
2020094Swollman# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
2120094Swollman#
222742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
232742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
242742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library.
252742Swollman#
2614343Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
2714343Swollman# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
2814343Swollman# Oxford University Press (1980).
2914343Swollman#
3030711Swollman# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
3130711Swollman# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
3230711Swollman# but Mark R V Murray <markm@iafrica.com> reports that
3330711Swollman# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
3430711Swollman# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
3530711Swollman# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
3630711Swollman# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
3730711Swollman# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
382742Swollman#
3930711Swollman# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
4030711Swollman# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
4130711Swollman# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
4230711Swollman# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
4330711Swollman# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
442742Swollman#
4530711Swollman# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
4630711Swollman#	-1:00	WAT	West Africa Time (no longer used)
4730711Swollman#	 0:00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
4830711Swollman#	 2:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
4930711Swollman#	 2:00	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
5030711Swollman# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
5130711Swollman#	 1:00	WAT	West Africa Time
5230711Swollman# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
5330711Swollman# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
5430711Swollman# until we get more information.
552742Swollman#
5630711Swollman# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
5730711Swollman#	 2:00	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
5830711Swollman#	 2:30	BEAT	British East Africa Time (no longer used)
5930711Swollman#	 2:45	BEAUT	British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
6030711Swollman#	 3:00	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
6130711Swollman#	 3:00	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
622742Swollman#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
6330711Swollman#	 4:00	EAST	East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
642742Swollman
652742Swollman# Algeria
662742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
6719878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
682742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun<=7	23:00s	0	-
6919878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
7019878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
7119878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
7219878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
732742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
7419878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
752742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
7619878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
772742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
7819878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon<=7	 2:00	1:00	S
792742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
802742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
8119878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
822742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
8319878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
842742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
8519878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
862742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
8719878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
882742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
8914343Swollman# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
902742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
912742SwollmanZone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
9214343Swollman			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
9319878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25 2:00
9419878Swollman			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
952742Swollman			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
9619878Swollman			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
9719878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
9819878Swollman			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
9919878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
10019878Swollman			1:00	-	CET
1012742Swollman
1022742Swollman# Angola
1032742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1042742SwollmanZone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
10519878Swollman			0:52:04	-	LMT	1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time?
10630711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1072742Swollman
10814343Swollman# Bassas da India
10914343Swollman# uninhabited
11014343Swollman
1112742Swollman# Benin
1122742Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks.
1132742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1142742SwollmanZone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
11530711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
11630711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1172742Swollman
1182742Swollman# Botswana
1192742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1202742SwollmanZone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
12130711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
12230711Swollman			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
12330711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
1242742Swollman
1252742Swollman# Burkina Faso
1262742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1272742SwollmanZone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
12830711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
1292742Swollman
1302742Swollman# Burundi
1312742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1322742SwollmanZone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
13330711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
1342742Swollman
1352742Swollman# Cameroon
1362742Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks.
1372742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1382742SwollmanZone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
13930711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1402742Swollman
1412742Swollman# Cape Verde
1422742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1432742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
1442742Swollman			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
1452742Swollman			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
1462742Swollman			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
14719878Swollman			-1:00	-	CVT
1482742Swollman
1492742Swollman# Central African Republic
1502742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1512742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
15230711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1532742Swollman
1542742Swollman# Chad
1552742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1562742SwollmanZone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
15730711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
15830711Swollman			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
15930711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1602742Swollman
1612742Swollman# Comoros
1622742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1632742SwollmanZone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
1642742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
1652742Swollman
16630711Swollman# Democratic Republic of Congo
1672742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
16830711SwollmanZone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
16930711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
17030711SwollmanZone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
17130711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
17230711Swollman
17330711Swollman# Republic of the Congo
17430711Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1752742SwollmanZone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
17630711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1772742Swollman
1782742Swollman# Cote D'Ivoire
1792742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1802742SwollmanZone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
18130711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
1822742Swollman
1832742Swollman# Djibouti
1842742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1852742SwollmanZone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
1862742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
1872742Swollman
1882742Swollman###############################################################################
1892742Swollman
1902742Swollman# Egypt
1912742Swollman
1922742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
19319878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
1942742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
19519878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
1962742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
19719878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
1982742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
1992742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
20019878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
20119878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
2022742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
20319878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
20419878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
2052742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
20630711SwollmanRule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
20719878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
20819878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
20919878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
21019878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
21130711SwollmanRule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
21230711Swollman# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00; go with Shanks.
21330711SwollmanRule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Apr	lastFri	1:00	1:00	S
21430711SwollmanRule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Sep	lastFri	3:00	0	-
21520094Swollman
2162742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2172742SwollmanZone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
21819878Swollman			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
2192742Swollman
2202742Swollman# Equatorial Guinea
2212742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2222742SwollmanZone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
22330711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT	1963 Dec 15
22430711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
2252742Swollman
2262742Swollman# Eritrea
2272742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2282742SwollmanZone	Africa/Asmera	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
22919878Swollman			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmera Mean Time
23030711Swollman			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
2312742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2322742Swollman
2332742Swollman# Ethiopia
23430711Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-05):
23530711Swollman# Shanks writes that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones between
23630711Swollman# 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
23730711Swollman# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
2382742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2392742SwollmanZone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
24030711Swollman			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
2412742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2422742Swollman
24314343Swollman# Europa Island
24414343Swollman# uninhabited
24514343Swollman
2462742Swollman# Gabon
2472742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2482742SwollmanZone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
24930711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
2502742Swollman
2512742Swollman# Gambia
2522742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2532742SwollmanZone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
25419878Swollman			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
25530711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
25630711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2572742Swollman
2582742Swollman# Ghana
2592742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2602742Swollman# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks.
26130711SwollmanRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
26230711SwollmanRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
2632742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2642742SwollmanZone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
2652742Swollman			 0:00	Ghana	%s
2662742Swollman
26714343Swollman# Glorioso Is
26814343Swollman# uninhabited
26914343Swollman
2702742Swollman# Guinea
2712742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2722742SwollmanZone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
27330711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
27430711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
27530711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2762742Swollman
2772742Swollman# Guinea-Bissau
2782742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2792742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
28030711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1975
28130711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2822742Swollman
28314343Swollman# Juan de Nova
28414343Swollman# uninhabited
28514343Swollman
2862742Swollman# Kenya
2872742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2882742SwollmanZone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
2892742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1930
29030711Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1940
29130711Swollman			2:45	-	BEAUT	1960
2922742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2932742Swollman
2942742Swollman# Lesotho
2952742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2962742SwollmanZone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
29730711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19 2:00
2982742Swollman			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
29930711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST
3002742Swollman
3012742Swollman# Liberia
30219878Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
3032742Swollman# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
3042742Swollman# from a GMT offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes.
30514343Swollman# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
30614343Swollman# Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks.
30714343Swollman# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman
30814343Swollman# each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
3092742Swollman#
31030711Swollman# From Shanks, as corrected by Whitman:
3112742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3122742SwollmanZone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
3132742Swollman			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
31419878Swollman			-0:44:30 -	LRT	1972 May # Liberia Time
31530711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3162742Swollman
3172742Swollman###############################################################################
3182742Swollman
3192742Swollman# Libya
3202742Swollman
3212742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
32219878SwollmanRule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
3232742SwollmanRule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
32419878SwollmanRule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
3252742SwollmanRule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
32619878SwollmanRule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
3272742SwollmanRule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
32819878SwollmanRule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
3292742SwollmanRule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
33019878SwollmanRule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
33119878SwollmanRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
3322742SwollmanRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
33319878SwollmanRule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
3342742SwollmanRule	Libya	1987	1990	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
33519878SwollmanRule	Libya	1990	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
33630711SwollmanRule	Libya	1996	only	-	Mar	30	2:00s	1:00	S
33730711SwollmanRule	Libya	1996	only	-	Sep	30	2:00s	0	-
33830711SwollmanRule	Libya	1997	max	-	Mar	lastThu	2:00s	1:00	S
33930711SwollmanRule	Libya	1997	max	-	Oct	Thu>=1	2:00s	0	-
3402742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3412742SwollmanZone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
34219878Swollman			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
3432742Swollman			2:00	-	EET	1982
34419878Swollman			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1991
34520094Swollman			2:00	-	EET	1996 Mar 30 3:00
34620094Swollman			1:00	Libya	CE%sT
3472742Swollman
3482742Swollman# Madagascar
3492742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3502742SwollmanZone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
3512742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
3522742Swollman			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
3532742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
3542742Swollman
3552742Swollman# Malawi
3562742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3572742SwollmanZone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
35830711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
3592742Swollman
3602742Swollman# Mali
3612742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3622742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
36330711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
36430711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
36530711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3662742Swollman# no longer different from Bamako, but too famous to omit
3672742SwollmanZone	Africa/Timbuktu	-0:12:04 -	LMT	1912
36830711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3692742Swollman
3702742Swollman# Mauritania
3712742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3722742SwollmanZone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
37330711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
37430711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
37530711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3762742Swollman
3772742Swollman# Mauritius
3782742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3792742SwollmanZone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
38019878Swollman			4:00	-	MUT	# Mauritius Time
3812742Swollman# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
3822742Swollman# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
3832742Swollman
3842742Swollman# Mayotte
3852742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
38614343SwollmanZone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
3872742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
3882742Swollman
3892742Swollman# Morocco
39030711Swollman# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
39120094Swollman# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
39219878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S
3932742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
39419878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	S
3952742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
39619878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	S
3972742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
39819878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
3992742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
40019878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
4012742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
40219878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
4032742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
4042742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
40519878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
4062742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
4072742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4082742SwollmanZone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
40919878Swollman			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
41019878Swollman			 1:00	-	CET	1986
4112742Swollman			 0:00	-	WET
41219878Swollman# Western Sahara
41319878SwollmanZone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan
41430711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1976 Apr 14
41519878Swollman			 0:00	-	WET
4168029Swollman
4172742Swollman# Mozambique
4182742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4192742SwollmanZone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
42030711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
4212742Swollman
4222742Swollman# Namibia
42330711Swollman# Shanks says DST transitions are at 0:00; go with IATA.
42430711Swollman# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks.
42520094Swollman# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
42620094SwollmanRule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
42720094SwollmanRule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
4282742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4292742SwollmanZone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
4302742Swollman			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
43130711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20 2:00
4322742Swollman			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
43330711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
43430711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Apr  3
43530711Swollman			1:00	Namibia	WA%sT
4362742Swollman
4372742Swollman# Niger
4382742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
43930711SwollmanZone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
44030711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
44130711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
44230711Swollman			 1:00	-	WAT
4432742Swollman
4442742Swollman# Nigeria
4452742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4462742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
44730711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
4482742Swollman
4492742Swollman# Reunion
4502742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
45114343SwollmanZone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
45219878Swollman			4:00	-	RET	# Reunion Time
4532742Swollman
4542742Swollman# Rwanda
4552742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4562742SwollmanZone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
45730711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
4582742Swollman
4592742Swollman# St Helena
46030711Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-05):
46130711Swollman# Shanks says St Helena was 1W26 (-0:05:44) from 1890 to 1951,
46230711Swollman# but this is most likely a typo for 5W42, the longitude of Jamestown.
4632742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4642742SwollmanZone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
46530711Swollman			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951	# Jamestown Mean Time
4662742Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
46714343Swollman# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
46830711Swollman#	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
46930711Swollman#	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
47030711Swollman#	Gough (scientific station since 1955): on GMT, says the CIA
47130711Swollman#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
47214343Swollman
4732742Swollman# Sao Tome and Principe
4742742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4752742SwollmanZone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
47619878Swollman			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912	# Lisbon Mean Time
47730711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
4782742Swollman
4792742Swollman# Senegal
4802742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4812742SwollmanZone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
48230711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
48330711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
4842742Swollman
4852742Swollman# Seychelles
4862742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4872742SwollmanZone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
48819878Swollman			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
4892742Swollman
4902742Swollman# Sierra Leone
4912742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
4922742Swollman# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks.
49330711SwollmanRule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
49430711SwollmanRule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
49530711SwollmanRule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
49630711SwollmanRule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
4972742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4982742SwollmanZone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
49919878Swollman			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
50030711Swollman			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
50130711Swollman			 0:00	SL	%s
5022742Swollman
5032742Swollman# Somalia
5042742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5052742SwollmanZone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
5062742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1931
50730711Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
5082742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
5092742Swollman
5102742Swollman# South Africa
5112742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
51230711SwollmanRule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-
5132742SwollmanRule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
5142742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5152742SwollmanZone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
51630711Swollman			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
51730711Swollman			2:00	SA	SAST
51830711Swollman# Shanks erroneously claims that most of South Africa switched to 1:00
51930711Swollman# on 1994-04-03 at 00:00.
52030711Swollman#
52130711Swollman# Marion and Prince Edward Is
52230711Swollman# weather station since 1947
5232742Swollman# no information
5242742Swollman
5252742Swollman# Sudan
52619878Swollman# From Michael Ross <mross@antigone.com> (1995-11-15):
52714343Swollman# Sudan no longer observes any form of daylight time change.
52814343Swollman# I verified this today by telephone with the Sudan Mission to the
52914343Swollman# United Nations: 212-573-6033
5302742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
53119878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
53214343SwollmanRule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
53319878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
53419878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
5352742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5362742SwollmanZone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
53730711Swollman			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT
5382742Swollman
5392742Swollman# Swaziland
5402742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5412742SwollmanZone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
54230711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST
5432742Swollman
5442742Swollman# Tanzania
5452742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5462742SwollmanZone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
5472742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1948
54830711Swollman			2:45	-	BEAUT	1961
5492742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
5502742Swollman
5512742Swollman# Togo
5522742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5532742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
55430711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT
5552742Swollman
55614343Swollman# Tromelin
55714343Swollman# uninhabited
55814343Swollman
5592742Swollman# Tunisia
5602742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
56119878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
5622742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
56319878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
5642742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
56519878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
5662742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
56719878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
5682742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
56919878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
5702742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
57119878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
5722742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
5732742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
57419878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
5752742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
57619878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
5772742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
57819878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
57920094SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
58019878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
58119878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
58214343Swollman# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
58314343Swollman# Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
5842742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5852742SwollmanZone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
58614343Swollman			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
58719878Swollman			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
5882742Swollman
5892742Swollman# Uganda
5902742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5912742SwollmanZone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
5922742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1930
5932742Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
59430711Swollman			2:45	-	BEAUT	1957
5952742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
5962742Swollman
5972742Swollman# Zambia
5982742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5992742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
60030711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
6012742Swollman
6022742Swollman# Zimbabwe
6032742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6042742SwollmanZone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
60530711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
606