africa revision 196582
1# <pre>
2# @(#)africa	8.23
3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5
6# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
8# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
9
10# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
11#
12# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
13# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
14# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
15#
16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
20# of the IATA's data after 1990.
21#
22# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
23# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
24#
25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
27# I found in the UCLA library.
28#
29# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
30# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
31#
32# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
33# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
34# but Mark R V Murray reports that
35# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
36# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
37# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
38# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
39# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
40#
41# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
42# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
43# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
44# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
45# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
46#
47# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
48#	-1:00	WAT	West Africa Time (no longer used)
49#	 0:00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
50#	 2:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
51#	 2:00	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
52# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
53#	 1:00	WAT	West Africa Time
54# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
55# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
56# until we get more information.
57#
58# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
59#	 2:00	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
60#	 2:30	BEAT	British East Africa Time (no longer used)
61#	 2:44:45 BEAUT	British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
62#	 3:00	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
63#	 3:00	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
64#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
65#	 4:00	EAST	East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
66
67# Algeria
68# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
69Rule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
70Rule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
71Rule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
72Rule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
73Rule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
74Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
75Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
76Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
77Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
78Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
79Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
80Rule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
81Rule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
82Rule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
83Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
84Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
85Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
86Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
87Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
88Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
89Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
90Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
91# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
92# more precise 0:09:21.
93# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
94Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
95			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
96			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25 2:00
97			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
98			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
99			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
100			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
101			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
102			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
103			1:00	-	CET
104
105# Angola
106# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
107Zone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
108			0:52:04	-	AOT	1911 May 26 # Angola Time
109			1:00	-	WAT
110
111# Benin
112# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
113# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
114# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
115Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
116			0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
117			1:00	-	WAT
118
119# Botswana
120# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
121Zone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
122			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
123			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
124			2:00	-	CAT
125
126# Burkina Faso
127# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
128Zone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
129			 0:00	-	GMT
130
131# Burundi
132# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
133Zone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
134			2:00	-	CAT
135
136# Cameroon
137# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
138# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
139Zone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
140			1:00	-	WAT
141
142# Cape Verde
143# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
144Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
145			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
146			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
147			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
148			-1:00	-	CVT
149
150# Central African Republic
151# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
152Zone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
153			1:00	-	WAT
154
155# Chad
156# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
157Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
158			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
159			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
160			1:00	-	WAT
161
162# Comoros
163# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
164Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
165			3:00	-	EAT
166
167# Democratic Republic of Congo
168# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
169Zone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
170			1:00	-	WAT
171Zone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
172			2:00	-	CAT
173
174# Republic of the Congo
175# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
176Zone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
177			1:00	-	WAT
178
179# Cote D'Ivoire
180# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
181Zone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
182			 0:00	-	GMT
183
184# Djibouti
185# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
186Zone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
187			3:00	-	EAT
188
189###############################################################################
190
191# Egypt
192
193# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
194Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
195Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
196Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
197Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
198Rule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
199Rule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
200Rule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
201Rule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
202Rule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
203Rule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
204Rule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
205Rule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
206Rule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
207Rule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
208Rule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
209Rule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
210Rule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
211Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
212Rule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
213# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
214# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
215Rule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
216Rule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
217# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
218# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
219# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
220# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
221# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
222Rule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	23:00s	0	-
223# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
224# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
225# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
226# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
227# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 
228# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
229# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
230# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
231Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	23:00s	0	-
232# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
233# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
234# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
235# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
236# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
237# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
238# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
239# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
240# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
241
242# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
243# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
244#
245# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
246# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
247# Apr 23
248# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
249# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
250# Apr 24
251# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
252# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
253# Aug 27
254# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
255# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
256# Aug 27
257# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
258#
259# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
260# :59)
261# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
262#
263# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
264#
265# [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263">
266# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
267# </a>
268# [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53">
269# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
270# </a>
271# [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/">
272# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
273# </a>
274
275# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
276# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
277# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
278# in September.
279
280# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
281# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 
282# Information and Decision Support Center:
283# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html">
284# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
285# </a>
286# 
287# The Middle East News Agency
288# <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx">
289# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
290# </a>
291# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
292# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 
293# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
294# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
295# (at least today).
296
297Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
298Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	23:00s	0	-
299Rule	Egypt	2010	max	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
300
301# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
302Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
303			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
304
305# Equatorial Guinea
306# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
307Zone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
308			0:00	-	GMT	1963 Dec 15
309			1:00	-	WAT
310
311# Eritrea
312# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
313Zone	Africa/Asmara	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
314			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmara Mean Time
315			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
316			3:00	-	EAT
317
318# Ethiopia
319# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
320# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
321# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
322# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
323# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
324Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
325			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
326			3:00	-	EAT
327
328# Gabon
329# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
330Zone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
331			1:00	-	WAT
332
333# Gambia
334# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
335Zone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
336			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
337			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
338			 0:00	-	GMT
339
340# Ghana
341# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
342# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
343# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
344Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
345Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
346# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
347Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
348			 0:00	Ghana	%s
349
350# Guinea
351# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
352Zone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
353			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
354			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
355			 0:00	-	GMT
356
357# Guinea-Bissau
358# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
359Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
360			-1:00	-	WAT	1975
361			 0:00	-	GMT
362
363# Kenya
364# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
365Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
366			3:00	-	EAT	1930
367			2:30	-	BEAT	1940
368			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1960
369			3:00	-	EAT
370
371# Lesotho
372# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
373Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
374			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19 2:00
375			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
376			2:00	-	SAST
377
378# Liberia
379# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
380# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
381# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
382# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
383# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
384# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
385# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
386# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
387# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
388Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
389			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
390			-0:44:30 -	LRT	1972 May # Liberia Time
391			 0:00	-	GMT
392
393###############################################################################
394
395# Libya
396
397# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
398Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
399Rule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
400Rule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
401Rule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
402Rule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
403Rule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
404Rule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
405Rule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
406Rule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
407Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
408Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
409Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
410Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
411# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
412Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
413			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
414			2:00	-	EET	1982
415			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
416# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
417# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
418			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
419			1:00	-	CET	1997 Apr  4
420			1:00	1:00	CEST	1997 Oct  4
421			2:00	-	EET
422
423# Madagascar
424# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
425Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
426			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
427			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
428			3:00	-	EAT
429
430# Malawi
431# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
432Zone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
433			2:00	-	CAT
434
435# Mali
436# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
437Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
438			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
439			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
440			 0:00	-	GMT
441
442# Mauritania
443# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
444Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
445			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
446			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
447			 0:00	-	GMT
448
449# Mauritius
450
451# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
452# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
453# basis....
454# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 
455# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
456# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
457
458# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
459# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
460
461# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
462# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
463# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
464# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
465
466# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
467# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
468
469# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
470# According to
471# <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216">
472# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
473# </a>
474# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
475# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
476# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
477# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
478# 
479# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 
480# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 
481# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 
482# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 
483# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 
484# changes two days later.
485
486# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
487# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
488# time:  Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
489# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
490#
491# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
492# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
493# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.
494# ...
495# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html">
496# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
497# </a>
498
499# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
500# The Government of Mauritius weblink
501# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD">
502# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
503# </a>
504# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
505#
506# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
507# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
508# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
509# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
510# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
511# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
512# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
513# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
514# and end on 29 March 2009.
515
516# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
517# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
518# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
519# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
520# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf">
521# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
522# </a>
523
524# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
525# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
526# DST the coming summer...
527#
528# Some sources, in French:
529# <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB">
530# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
531# </a>
532# <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-">
533# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
534# </a>
535#
536# Our wrap-up:
537# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html">
538# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
539# </a>
540
541# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
542# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 
543# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
544# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
545
546# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
547Rule Mauritius	1982	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	1:00	S
548Rule Mauritius	1983	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	0	-
549Rule Mauritius	2008	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
550Rule Mauritius	2009	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
551# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
552Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
553			4:00 Mauritius	MU%sT	# Mauritius Time
554# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
555# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
556
557# Mayotte
558# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
559Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
560			3:00	-	EAT
561
562# Morocco
563# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
564
565# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
566# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
567# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
568#
569# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
570# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
571# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
572#
573# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html">
574# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
575# </a>
576# OR
577# <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html">
578# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
579# </a>
580
581# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
582# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
583# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view">
584# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
585# </a>
586#
587# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
588# spokesman.
589
590# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
591# According to this article:
592# <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html">
593# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
594# </a>
595# (and republished here:
596# <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html">
597# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html
598# </a>
599# )
600# the changes occurs at midnight:
601#
602# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be
603# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)
604# sunday night the 28th  at midnight
605#
606# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
607# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and
608# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
609# june1st to sept 27th.
610#
611# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
612# published on the web.
613#
614# It's also confirmed here:
615# <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm">
616# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
617# </a>
618# on a government portal as being  between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet
619# posted in english).
620#
621# The following google query will generate many relevant hits:
622# <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search">
623# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
624# </a>
625
626# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
627# Is Western Sahara (part which administrated by Morocco) going to follow
628# Morocco DST changes?  Any information?  What about other part of
629# Western Sahara - under administration of POLISARIO Front (also named
630# SADR Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic)?
631
632# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-09):
633# XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now.
634
635# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
636# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 
637# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 
638# of September:
639#
640# One article about it (in French):
641# <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default">
642# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
643# </a>
644#
645# We have some further details posted here:
646# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html">
647# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
648# </a>
649
650# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
651# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
652# to many sources, such as
653# <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html">
654# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
655# </a>
656# <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312">
657# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
658# </a>
659# (French)
660#
661# Our summary:
662# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html">
663# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
664# </a>
665
666# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
667# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
668# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
669#
670# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
671# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
672# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
673# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
674#
675# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf">
676# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
677# </a>
678#
679# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html">
680# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
681# </a>
682
683# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
684
685Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S
686Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
687Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	S
688Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
689Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	S
690Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
691Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
692Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
693Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
694Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
695Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
696Rule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
697Rule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
698Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
699Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
700Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
701Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
702Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
703Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Aug	 21	 0:00	0	-
704# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
705Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
706			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
707			 1:00	-	CET	1986
708			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT
709# Western Sahara
710Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan
711			-1:00	-	WAT	1976 Apr 14
712			 0:00	-	WET
713
714# Mozambique
715# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
716Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
717			2:00	-	CAT
718
719# Namibia
720# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
721# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
722
723# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
724# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
725# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
726# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
727# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
728# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
729# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
730# of the country.
731# 
732# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
733# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
734# we have no details.  In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
735
736# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
737Rule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
738Rule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
739# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
740Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
741			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
742			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20 2:00
743			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
744			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
745			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Apr  3
746			1:00	Namibia	WA%sT
747
748# Niger
749# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
750Zone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
751			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
752			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
753			 1:00	-	WAT
754
755# Nigeria
756# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
757Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
758			1:00	-	WAT
759
760# Reunion
761# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
762Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
763			4:00	-	RET	# Reunion Time
764#
765# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
766# The following information about them is taken from
767# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
768# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
769# We have no info about their time zone histories.
770#
771# Bassas da India - uninhabited
772# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
773# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
774# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
775# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
776
777# Rwanda
778# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
779Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
780			2:00	-	CAT
781
782# St Helena
783# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
784Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
785			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951	# Jamestown Mean Time
786			 0:00	-	GMT
787# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
788#	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
789#	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
790#	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
791#		on GMT, says the CIA
792#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
793
794# Sao Tome and Principe
795# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
796Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
797			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912	# Lisbon Mean Time
798			 0:00	-	GMT
799
800# Senegal
801# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
802Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
803			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
804			 0:00	-	GMT
805
806# Seychelles
807# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
808Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
809			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
810# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
811# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
812# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
813# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
814# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
815# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
816
817# Sierra Leone
818# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
819# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
820Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
821Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
822Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
823Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
824# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
825Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
826			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
827			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
828			 0:00	SL	%s
829
830# Somalia
831# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
832Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
833			3:00	-	EAT	1931
834			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
835			3:00	-	EAT
836
837# South Africa
838# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
839Rule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-
840Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
841# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
842Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
843			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
844			2:00	SA	SAST
845# Marion and Prince Edward Is
846# scientific station since 1947
847# no information
848
849# Sudan
850#
851# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
852# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
853# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
854# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
855# Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
856# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
857#
858# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
859Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
860Rule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
861Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
862Rule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
863# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
864Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
865			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
866			3:00	-	EAT
867
868# Swaziland
869# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
870Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
871			2:00	-	SAST
872
873# Tanzania
874# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
875Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
876			3:00	-	EAT	1948
877			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1961
878			3:00	-	EAT
879
880# Togo
881# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
882Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
883			0:00	-	GMT
884
885# Tunisia
886
887# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
888# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
889# this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
890# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
891# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
892# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
893# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
894# Saturday."  (My translation)
895#
896# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
897# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
898# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
899# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
900# 1h standard time.
901#
902# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
903# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
904# Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
905# Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
906# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
907
908# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
909# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
910# (Arabic)
911# <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546">
912# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
913# </a>
914# <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp">
915# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
916# </a>
917#
918# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
919# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
920# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html">
921# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
922# </a>
923
924# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
925# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
926#
927# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
928#
929# (in English)
930# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157">
931# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
932# </a>
933#
934# (in Arabic)
935# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1">
936# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
937# </a>
938
939# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18):
940# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact
941# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time.
942# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."
943# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the  future).
944
945# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
946Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
947Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
948Rule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
949Rule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
950Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
951Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
952Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
953Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
954Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
955Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
956Rule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
957Rule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
958Rule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
959Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
960Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
961Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
962Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
963Rule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
964Rule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
965Rule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
966Rule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
967Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
968Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00s	0	-
969Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
970Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
971Rule	Tunisia	2010	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
972Rule	Tunisia	2010	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
973# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
974# more precise 0:09:21.
975# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
976# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
977Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
978			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
979			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
980
981# Uganda
982# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
983Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
984			3:00	-	EAT	1930
985			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
986			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1957
987			3:00	-	EAT
988
989# Zambia
990# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
991Zone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
992			2:00	-	CAT
993
994# Zimbabwe
995# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
996Zone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
997			2:00	-	CAT
998