africa revision 172479
1172479Sedwin# @(#)africa	8.10
2153761Swollman# <pre>
367578Swollman
42742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
52742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
62742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
72742Swollman
8158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
92742Swollman#
102742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
132742Swollman#
1486222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1520094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1620094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1720094Swollman# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
1820094Swollman# of the IATA's data after 1990.
1920094Swollman#
20158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
21158421Swollman# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
2220094Swollman#
232742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
242742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
252742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library.
262742Swollman#
2714343Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
2858787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
2914343Swollman#
3030711Swollman# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
3130711Swollman# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
32149514Swollman# but Mark R V Murray reports that
3330711Swollman# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
3430711Swollman# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
3530711Swollman# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
3630711Swollman# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
3730711Swollman# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
382742Swollman#
3930711Swollman# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
4030711Swollman# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
4130711Swollman# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
4230711Swollman# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
4330711Swollman# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
442742Swollman#
4530711Swollman# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
4630711Swollman#	-1:00	WAT	West Africa Time (no longer used)
4730711Swollman#	 0:00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
4830711Swollman#	 2:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
4930711Swollman#	 2:00	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
5030711Swollman# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
5130711Swollman#	 1:00	WAT	West Africa Time
5230711Swollman# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
5330711Swollman# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
5430711Swollman# until we get more information.
552742Swollman#
5630711Swollman# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
5730711Swollman#	 2:00	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
5830711Swollman#	 2:30	BEAT	British East Africa Time (no longer used)
5986222Swollman#	 2:44:45 BEAUT	British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
6030711Swollman#	 3:00	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
6130711Swollman#	 3:00	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
622742Swollman#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
6330711Swollman#	 4:00	EAST	East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
642742Swollman
652742Swollman# Algeria
662742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
6719878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
68158421SwollmanRule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
6919878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
7019878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
7119878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
7219878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
732742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
7419878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
752742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
7619878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
772742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
78158421SwollmanRule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
792742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
802742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
8119878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
822742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
8319878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
842742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
8519878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
862742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
8719878SwollmanRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
882742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
89158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
90158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21.
912742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
922742SwollmanZone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
9314343Swollman			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
9419878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25 2:00
9519878Swollman			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
962742Swollman			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
9719878Swollman			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
9819878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
9919878Swollman			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
10019878Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
10119878Swollman			1:00	-	CET
1022742Swollman
1032742Swollman# Angola
1042742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1052742SwollmanZone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
10686222Swollman			0:52:04	-	AOT	1911 May 26 # Angola Time
10730711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1082742Swollman
1092742Swollman# Benin
110158421Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
111158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1122742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1132742SwollmanZone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
11430711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
11530711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1162742Swollman
1172742Swollman# Botswana
1182742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1192742SwollmanZone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
12030711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
12130711Swollman			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
12230711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
1232742Swollman
1242742Swollman# Burkina Faso
1252742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1262742SwollmanZone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
12730711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
1282742Swollman
1292742Swollman# Burundi
1302742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1312742SwollmanZone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
13230711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
1332742Swollman
1342742Swollman# Cameroon
135158421Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1362742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1372742SwollmanZone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
13830711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1392742Swollman
1402742Swollman# Cape Verde
1412742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1422742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
1432742Swollman			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
1442742Swollman			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
1452742Swollman			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
14619878Swollman			-1:00	-	CVT
1472742Swollman
1482742Swollman# Central African Republic
1492742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1502742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
15130711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1522742Swollman
1532742Swollman# Chad
1542742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1552742SwollmanZone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
15630711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
15730711Swollman			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
15830711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1592742Swollman
1602742Swollman# Comoros
1612742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1622742SwollmanZone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
1632742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
1642742Swollman
16530711Swollman# Democratic Republic of Congo
1662742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
16730711SwollmanZone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
16830711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
16930711SwollmanZone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
17030711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
17130711Swollman
17230711Swollman# Republic of the Congo
17330711Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1742742SwollmanZone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
17530711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
1762742Swollman
1772742Swollman# Cote D'Ivoire
1782742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1792742SwollmanZone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
18030711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
1812742Swollman
1822742Swollman# Djibouti
1832742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1842742SwollmanZone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
1852742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
1862742Swollman
1872742Swollman###############################################################################
1882742Swollman
1892742Swollman# Egypt
1902742Swollman
1912742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
19219878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
1932742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
19419878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
1952742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
19619878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
1972742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
1982742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
19919878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
20019878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
2012742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
20219878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
20319878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
2042742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
20530711SwollmanRule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
20619878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
20719878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
20819878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
20919878SwollmanRule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
21030711SwollmanRule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
21143014Swollman# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
21243543Swollman# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
21358787SruRule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
214163302SruRule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
215163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
216163302Sru# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
217163302Sru# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
218163302Sru# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
219163302Sru# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
220163302SruRule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	23:00s	0	-
221171948Sedwin# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
222171948Sedwin# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
223171948Sedwin# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
224171948Sedwin# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
225171948Sedwin# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 
226171948Sedwin# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
227172479Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
228172479Sedwin# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
229172479SedwinRule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	23:00s	0	-
230172479Sedwin# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
231172479Sedwin# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
232172479Sedwin# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
233172479Sedwin# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
234172479Sedwin# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
235172479Sedwin# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
236172479Sedwin# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
237171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
238172479Sedwin# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
239172479SedwinRule	Egypt	2008	max	-	Aug	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
24020094Swollman
2412742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2422742SwollmanZone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
24319878Swollman			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
2442742Swollman
2452742Swollman# Equatorial Guinea
2462742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2472742SwollmanZone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
24830711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT	1963 Dec 15
24930711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
2502742Swollman
2512742Swollman# Eritrea
2522742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
253169811SwollmanZone	Africa/Asmara	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
254169811Swollman			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmara Mean Time
25530711Swollman			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
2562742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2572742Swollman
2582742Swollman# Ethiopia
259158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
260158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
261158421Swollman# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
26230711Swollman# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
2632742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2642742SwollmanZone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
26530711Swollman			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
2662742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2672742Swollman
2682742Swollman# Gabon
2692742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2702742SwollmanZone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
27130711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
2722742Swollman
2732742Swollman# Gambia
2742742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2752742SwollmanZone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
27619878Swollman			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
27730711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
27830711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2792742Swollman
2802742Swollman# Ghana
2812742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
282158421Swollman# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
283158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
28430711SwollmanRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
28530711SwollmanRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
2862742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2872742SwollmanZone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
2882742Swollman			 0:00	Ghana	%s
2892742Swollman
2902742Swollman# Guinea
2912742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2922742SwollmanZone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
29330711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
29430711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
29530711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
2962742Swollman
2972742Swollman# Guinea-Bissau
2982742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2992742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
30030711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1975
30130711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3022742Swollman
3032742Swollman# Kenya
3042742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3052742SwollmanZone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
3062742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1930
30730711Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1940
30886222Swollman			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1960
3092742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
3102742Swollman
3112742Swollman# Lesotho
3122742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3132742SwollmanZone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
31430711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19 2:00
3152742Swollman			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
31630711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST
3172742Swollman
3182742Swollman# Liberia
319158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
3202742Swollman# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
32186222Swollman# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
32214343Swollman# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
323158421Swollman# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
324158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
325158421Swollman# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
326158421Swollman# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
3272742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3282742SwollmanZone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
3292742Swollman			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
33019878Swollman			-0:44:30 -	LRT	1972 May # Liberia Time
33130711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3322742Swollman
3332742Swollman###############################################################################
3342742Swollman
3352742Swollman# Libya
3362742Swollman
3372742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
33819878SwollmanRule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
3392742SwollmanRule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
34019878SwollmanRule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
3412742SwollmanRule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
34219878SwollmanRule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
3432742SwollmanRule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
34419878SwollmanRule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
3452742SwollmanRule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
34619878SwollmanRule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
34719878SwollmanRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
3482742SwollmanRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
34919878SwollmanRule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
350149514SwollmanRule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
3512742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3522742SwollmanZone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
35319878Swollman			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
3542742Swollman			2:00	-	EET	1982
35558787Sru			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
356158421Swollman# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
35758787Sru# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
35858787Sru			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
35958787Sru			1:00	-	CET	1997 Apr  4
36058787Sru			1:00	1:00	CEST	1997 Oct  4
36143014Swollman			2:00	-	EET
3622742Swollman
3632742Swollman# Madagascar
3642742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3652742SwollmanZone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
3662742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
3672742Swollman			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
3682742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
3692742Swollman
3702742Swollman# Malawi
3712742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3722742SwollmanZone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
37330711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
3742742Swollman
3752742Swollman# Mali
3762742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3772742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
37830711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
37930711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
38030711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3812742Swollman
3822742Swollman# Mauritania
3832742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3842742SwollmanZone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
38530711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
38630711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
38730711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
3882742Swollman
3892742Swollman# Mauritius
3902742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3912742SwollmanZone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
39219878Swollman			4:00	-	MUT	# Mauritius Time
3932742Swollman# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
3942742Swollman# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
3952742Swollman
3962742Swollman# Mayotte
3972742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
39814343SwollmanZone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
3992742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
4002742Swollman
4012742Swollman# Morocco
40230711Swollman# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
40320094Swollman# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
40419878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S
4052742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
40619878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	S
4072742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
40819878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	S
4092742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
41019878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
4112742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
41219878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
4132742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
41419878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
4152742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
4162742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
41719878SwollmanRule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
4182742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
4192742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4202742SwollmanZone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
42119878Swollman			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
42219878Swollman			 1:00	-	CET	1986
4232742Swollman			 0:00	-	WET
42419878Swollman# Western Sahara
42519878SwollmanZone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan
42630711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1976 Apr 14
42719878Swollman			 0:00	-	WET
4288029Swollman
4292742Swollman# Mozambique
4302742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4312742SwollmanZone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
43230711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
4332742Swollman
4342742Swollman# Namibia
435158421Swollman# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
436158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
437169811Swollman
438169811Swollman# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
439169811Swollman# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
440169811Swollman# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
441169811Swollman# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
442169811Swollman# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
443169811Swollman# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
444169811Swollman# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
445169811Swollman# of the country.
446169811Swollman# 
447169811Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
448169811Swollman# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
449169811Swollman# we have no details.  In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
450169811Swollman
45120094Swollman# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
45220094SwollmanRule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
45320094SwollmanRule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
4542742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4552742SwollmanZone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
4562742Swollman			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
45730711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20 2:00
4582742Swollman			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
45930711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
46030711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Apr  3
46130711Swollman			1:00	Namibia	WA%sT
4622742Swollman
4632742Swollman# Niger
4642742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
46530711SwollmanZone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
46630711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
46730711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
46830711Swollman			 1:00	-	WAT
4692742Swollman
4702742Swollman# Nigeria
4712742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4722742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
47330711Swollman			1:00	-	WAT
4742742Swollman
4752742Swollman# Reunion
4762742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
47714343SwollmanZone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
47819878Swollman			4:00	-	RET	# Reunion Time
47943014Swollman#
48043014Swollman# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
48143014Swollman# The following information about them is taken from
48258787Sru# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
48358787Sru# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
48458787Sru# We have no info about their time zone histories.
48543014Swollman#
48643014Swollman# Bassas da India - uninhabited
48743014Swollman# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
48843014Swollman# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
48943014Swollman# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
49043014Swollman# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
4912742Swollman
4922742Swollman# Rwanda
4932742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4942742SwollmanZone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
49530711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
4962742Swollman
4972742Swollman# St Helena
4982742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4992742SwollmanZone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
50030711Swollman			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951	# Jamestown Mean Time
5012742Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
50214343Swollman# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
50330711Swollman#	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
50430711Swollman#	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
50558787Sru#	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
50658787Sru#		on GMT, says the CIA
50730711Swollman#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
50814343Swollman
5092742Swollman# Sao Tome and Principe
5102742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5112742SwollmanZone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
51219878Swollman			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912	# Lisbon Mean Time
51330711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
5142742Swollman
5152742Swollman# Senegal
5162742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5172742SwollmanZone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
51830711Swollman			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
51930711Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
5202742Swollman
5212742Swollman# Seychelles
5222742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5232742SwollmanZone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
52419878Swollman			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
52586222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
52686222Swollman# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
52786222Swollman# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
52886222Swollman# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
52986222Swollman# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
53086222Swollman# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
5312742Swollman
5322742Swollman# Sierra Leone
5332742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
534158421Swollman# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
53530711SwollmanRule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
53630711SwollmanRule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
53730711SwollmanRule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
53830711SwollmanRule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
5392742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5402742SwollmanZone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
54119878Swollman			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
54230711Swollman			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
54330711Swollman			 0:00	SL	%s
5442742Swollman
5452742Swollman# Somalia
5462742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5472742SwollmanZone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
5482742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1931
54930711Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
5502742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
5512742Swollman
5522742Swollman# South Africa
5532742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
55430711SwollmanRule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-
5552742SwollmanRule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
5562742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5572742SwollmanZone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
55830711Swollman			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
55930711Swollman			2:00	SA	SAST
56030711Swollman# Marion and Prince Edward Is
56158787Sru# scientific station since 1947
5622742Swollman# no information
5632742Swollman
5642742Swollman# Sudan
56558787Sru#
56658787Sru# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
56758787Sru# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
56858787Sru# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
56958787Sru# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
57058787Sru# Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
57158787Sru# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
57258787Sru#
5732742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
57419878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
57514343SwollmanRule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
57619878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
57719878SwollmanRule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
5782742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5792742SwollmanZone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
58058787Sru			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
58158787Sru			3:00	-	EAT
5822742Swollman
5832742Swollman# Swaziland
5842742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5852742SwollmanZone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
58630711Swollman			2:00	-	SAST
5872742Swollman
5882742Swollman# Tanzania
5892742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5902742SwollmanZone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
5912742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1948
59286222Swollman			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1961
5932742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
5942742Swollman
5952742Swollman# Togo
5962742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5972742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
59830711Swollman			0:00	-	GMT
5992742Swollman
6002742Swollman# Tunisia
601149514Swollman
602149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
603149514Swollman# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
604149514Swollman# this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
605149514Swollman# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
606149514Swollman# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
607149514Swollman# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
608149514Swollman# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
609149514Swollman# Saturday."  (My translation)
610149514Swollman#
611149514Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
612149514Swollman# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
613149514Swollman# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
614149514Swollman# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
615149514Swollman# 1h standard time.
616158421Swollman#
617158421Swollman# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
618158421Swollman# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
619158421Swollman# Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
620158421Swollman# Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
621158421Swollman# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
622149514Swollman
6232742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
62419878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
6252742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
62619878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
6272742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
62819878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
6292742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
63019878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
6312742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
63219878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
6332742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
63419878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
6352742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
6362742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
63719878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
6382742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
63919878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
6402742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
64119878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
64220094SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
64319878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
64419878SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
645149514SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
646149514SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00s	0	-
647158421SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2006	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
648158421SwollmanRule	Tunisia	2006	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
649158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
650158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21.
651158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
6522742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6532742SwollmanZone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
65414343Swollman			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
65519878Swollman			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
6562742Swollman
6572742Swollman# Uganda
6582742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6592742SwollmanZone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
6602742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1930
6612742Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
66286222Swollman			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1957
6632742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
6642742Swollman
6652742Swollman# Zambia
6662742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6672742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
66830711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
6692742Swollman
6702742Swollman# Zimbabwe
6712742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6722742SwollmanZone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
67330711Swollman			2:00	-	CAT
674