africa revision 158421
1# @(#)africa	8.3
2# <pre>
3
4# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
7
8# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
9#
10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
13#
14# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
18# of the IATA's data after 1990.
19#
20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
21# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
22#
23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25# I found in the UCLA library.
26#
27# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
28# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
29#
30# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
31# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
32# but Mark R V Murray reports that
33# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
34# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
35# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
36# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
37# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
38#
39# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
40# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
41# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
42# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
43# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
44#
45# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
46#	-1:00	WAT	West Africa Time (no longer used)
47#	 0:00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
48#	 2:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
49#	 2:00	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
50# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
51#	 1:00	WAT	West Africa Time
52# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
53# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
54# until we get more information.
55#
56# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
57#	 2:00	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
58#	 2:30	BEAT	British East Africa Time (no longer used)
59#	 2:44:45 BEAUT	British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
60#	 3:00	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
61#	 3:00	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
62#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
63#	 4:00	EAST	East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
64
65# Algeria
66# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
67Rule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
68Rule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
69Rule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
70Rule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
71Rule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
72Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
73Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
74Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
75Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
76Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
77Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
78Rule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
79Rule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
80Rule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
81Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
82Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
83Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
84Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
85Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
86Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
87Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
88Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
89# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
90# more precise 0:09:21.
91# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
92Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
93			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
94			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25 2:00
95			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
96			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
97			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
98			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
99			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
100			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
101			1:00	-	CET
102
103# Angola
104# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
105Zone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
106			0:52:04	-	AOT	1911 May 26 # Angola Time
107			1:00	-	WAT
108
109# Benin
110# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
111# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
112# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
113Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
114			0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
115			1:00	-	WAT
116
117# Botswana
118# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
119Zone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
120			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
121			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
122			2:00	-	CAT
123
124# Burkina Faso
125# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
126Zone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
127			 0:00	-	GMT
128
129# Burundi
130# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
131Zone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
132			2:00	-	CAT
133
134# Cameroon
135# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
136# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
137Zone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
138			1:00	-	WAT
139
140# Cape Verde
141# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
142Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
143			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
144			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
145			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
146			-1:00	-	CVT
147
148# Central African Republic
149# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
150Zone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
151			1:00	-	WAT
152
153# Chad
154# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
155Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
156			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
157			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
158			1:00	-	WAT
159
160# Comoros
161# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
162Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
163			3:00	-	EAT
164
165# Democratic Republic of Congo
166# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
167Zone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
168			1:00	-	WAT
169Zone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
170			2:00	-	CAT
171
172# Republic of the Congo
173# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
174Zone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
175			1:00	-	WAT
176
177# Cote D'Ivoire
178# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
179Zone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
180			 0:00	-	GMT
181
182# Djibouti
183# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
184Zone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
185			3:00	-	EAT
186
187###############################################################################
188
189# Egypt
190
191# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
192Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
193Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
194Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
195Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
196Rule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
197Rule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
198Rule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
199Rule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
200Rule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
201Rule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
202Rule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
203Rule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
204Rule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
205Rule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
206Rule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
207Rule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
208Rule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
209Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
210Rule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
211# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
212# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
213Rule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
214Rule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
215
216# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
217Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
218			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
219
220# Equatorial Guinea
221# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
222Zone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
223			0:00	-	GMT	1963 Dec 15
224			1:00	-	WAT
225
226# Eritrea
227# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
228Zone	Africa/Asmera	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
229			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmera Mean Time
230			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
231			3:00	-	EAT
232
233# Ethiopia
234# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
235# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
236# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
237# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
238# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
239Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
240			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
241			3:00	-	EAT
242
243# Gabon
244# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
245Zone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
246			1:00	-	WAT
247
248# Gambia
249# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
250Zone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
251			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
252			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
253			 0:00	-	GMT
254
255# Ghana
256# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
257# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
258# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
259Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
260Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
261# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
262Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
263			 0:00	Ghana	%s
264
265# Guinea
266# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
267Zone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
268			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
269			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
270			 0:00	-	GMT
271
272# Guinea-Bissau
273# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
274Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
275			-1:00	-	WAT	1975
276			 0:00	-	GMT
277
278# Kenya
279# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
280Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
281			3:00	-	EAT	1930
282			2:30	-	BEAT	1940
283			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1960
284			3:00	-	EAT
285
286# Lesotho
287# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
288Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
289			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19 2:00
290			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
291			2:00	-	SAST
292
293# Liberia
294# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
295# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
296# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
297# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
298# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
299# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
300# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
301# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
302# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
303Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
304			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
305			-0:44:30 -	LRT	1972 May # Liberia Time
306			 0:00	-	GMT
307
308###############################################################################
309
310# Libya
311
312# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
313Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
314Rule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
315Rule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
316Rule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
317Rule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
318Rule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
319Rule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
320Rule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
321Rule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
322Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
323Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
324Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
325Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
326# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
327Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
328			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
329			2:00	-	EET	1982
330			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
331# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
332# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
333			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
334			1:00	-	CET	1997 Apr  4
335			1:00	1:00	CEST	1997 Oct  4
336			2:00	-	EET
337
338# Madagascar
339# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
340Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
341			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
342			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
343			3:00	-	EAT
344
345# Malawi
346# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
347Zone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
348			2:00	-	CAT
349
350# Mali
351# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
352Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
353			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
354			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
355			 0:00	-	GMT
356
357# Mauritania
358# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
359Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
360			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
361			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
362			 0:00	-	GMT
363
364# Mauritius
365# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
366Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
367			4:00	-	MUT	# Mauritius Time
368# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
369# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
370
371# Mayotte
372# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
373Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
374			3:00	-	EAT
375
376# Morocco
377# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
378# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
379Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S
380Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
381Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	S
382Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
383Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	S
384Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
385Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
386Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
387Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
388Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
389Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
390Rule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
391Rule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
392Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
393Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
394# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
395Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
396			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
397			 1:00	-	CET	1986
398			 0:00	-	WET
399# Western Sahara
400Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan
401			-1:00	-	WAT	1976 Apr 14
402			 0:00	-	WET
403
404# Mozambique
405# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
406Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
407			2:00	-	CAT
408
409# Namibia
410# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
411# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
412# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
413Rule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
414Rule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
415# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
416Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
417			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
418			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20 2:00
419			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
420			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
421			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Apr  3
422			1:00	Namibia	WA%sT
423
424# Niger
425# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
426Zone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
427			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
428			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
429			 1:00	-	WAT
430
431# Nigeria
432# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
433Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
434			1:00	-	WAT
435
436# Reunion
437# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
438Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
439			4:00	-	RET	# Reunion Time
440#
441# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
442# The following information about them is taken from
443# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
444# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
445# We have no info about their time zone histories.
446#
447# Bassas da India - uninhabited
448# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
449# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
450# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
451# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
452
453# Rwanda
454# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
455Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
456			2:00	-	CAT
457
458# St Helena
459# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
460Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
461			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951	# Jamestown Mean Time
462			 0:00	-	GMT
463# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
464#	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
465#	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
466#	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
467#		on GMT, says the CIA
468#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
469
470# Sao Tome and Principe
471# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
472Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
473			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912	# Lisbon Mean Time
474			 0:00	-	GMT
475
476# Senegal
477# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
478Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
479			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
480			 0:00	-	GMT
481
482# Seychelles
483# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
484Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
485			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
486# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
487# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
488# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
489# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
490# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
491# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
492
493# Sierra Leone
494# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
495# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
496Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
497Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
498Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
499Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
500# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
501Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
502			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
503			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
504			 0:00	SL	%s
505
506# Somalia
507# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
508Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
509			3:00	-	EAT	1931
510			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
511			3:00	-	EAT
512
513# South Africa
514# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
515Rule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-
516Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
517# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
518Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
519			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
520			2:00	SA	SAST
521# Marion and Prince Edward Is
522# scientific station since 1947
523# no information
524
525# Sudan
526#
527# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
528# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
529# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
530# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
531# Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
532# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
533#
534# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
535Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
536Rule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
537Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
538Rule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
539# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
540Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
541			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
542			3:00	-	EAT
543
544# Swaziland
545# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
546Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
547			2:00	-	SAST
548
549# Tanzania
550# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
551Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
552			3:00	-	EAT	1948
553			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1961
554			3:00	-	EAT
555
556# Togo
557# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
558Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
559			0:00	-	GMT
560
561# Tunisia
562
563# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
564# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
565# this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
566# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
567# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
568# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
569# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
570# Saturday."  (My translation)
571#
572# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
573# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
574# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
575# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
576# 1h standard time.
577#
578# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
579# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
580# Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
581# Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
582# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
583
584# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
585Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
586Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
587Rule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
588Rule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
589Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
590Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
591Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
592Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
593Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
594Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
595Rule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
596Rule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
597Rule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
598Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
599Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
600Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
601Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
602Rule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
603Rule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
604Rule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
605Rule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
606Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
607Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00s	0	-
608Rule	Tunisia	2006	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
609Rule	Tunisia	2006	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
610# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
611# more precise 0:09:21.
612# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
613# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
614Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
615			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
616			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
617
618# Uganda
619# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
620Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
621			3:00	-	EAT	1930
622			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
623			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1957
624			3:00	-	EAT
625
626# Zambia
627# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
628Zone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
629			2:00	-	CAT
630
631# Zimbabwe
632# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
633Zone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
634			2:00	-	CAT
635