africa revision 14343
114343Swollman# @(#)africa	7.12
22742Swollman
32742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
42742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
52742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
62742Swollman
72742Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
82742Swollman#
92742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
102742Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
112742Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
122742Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
132742Swollman#
142742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
152742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
162742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library.
172742Swollman#
1814343Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
1914343Swollman# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
2014343Swollman# Oxford University Press (1980).
2114343Swollman#
222742Swollman# I added so many Zone names that the old, mostly flat name space was unwieldy.
232742Swollman# So I renamed the Zones to have the form AREA/LOCATION, where
242742Swollman# AREA is the name of a continent or ocean, and
252742Swollman# LOCATION is the name of a specific location within that region.
262742Swollman# For example, the old zone name `Egypt' is now `Africa/Cairo'.
272742Swollman#
282742Swollman# Here are the general rules I used for choosing location names,
292742Swollman# in decreasing order of importance:
302742Swollman#
312742Swollman#	Use only valid Posix file names.  Use only Ascii letters, digits, `.',
322742Swollman#		`-' and `_'.  Do not exceed 14 characters or start with `-'.
332742Swollman#		E.g. prefer `Brunei' to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'.
342742Swollman#	Include at least one location per time zone rule set per country.
352742Swollman#		One such location is enough.
3614343Swollman#	If all the clocks in a country's region have agreed since 1970,
3714343Swollman#		don't bother to include more than one location
3814343Swollman#		even if subregions' clocks disagreed before 1970.
3914343Swollman#		Otherwise these tables would become annoyingly large.
402742Swollman#	If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative;
412742Swollman#		e.g. many cities are named San Jose and Georgetown, so
422742Swollman#		prefer `Costa_Rica' to `San_Jose' and `Guyana' to `Georgetown'.
432742Swollman#	Keep locations compact.  Use cities or small islands, not countries
442742Swollman#		or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split
452742Swollman#		locations into different time zones.  E.g. prefer `Paris'
462742Swollman#		to `France', since France has had multiple time zones.
472742Swollman#	Use traditional English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and
482742Swollman#		prefer `Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters).
492742Swollman#		The Posix file name restrictions encourage this rule.
502742Swollman#	Use the most populous among locations in a country's time zone,
512742Swollman#		e.g. prefer `Shanghai' to `Beijing'.  Among locations with
522742Swollman#		similar populations, pick the best-known location,
532742Swollman#		e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Milan'.
542742Swollman#	Use the singular form, e.g. prefer `Canary' to `Canaries'.
552742Swollman#	Omit common suffixes like `_Islands' and `_City', unless that
562742Swollman#		would lead to ambiguity.  E.g. prefer `Cayman' to
572742Swollman#		`Cayman_Islands' and `Guatemala' to `Guatemala_City',
582742Swollman#		but prefer `Mexico_City' to `Mexico' because the country
592742Swollman#		of Mexico has several time zones.
602742Swollman#	Use `_' to represent a space.
612742Swollman#	Omit `.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer `St_Helena'
622742Swollman#		to `St._Helena'.
632742Swollman#
649908Swollman# We typically use traditional English time zone abbreviations,
659908Swollman# and assume that applications translate them to other languages
669908Swollman# as part of the normal localization process.
679908Swollman#
682742Swollman# I made up the following time zone abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
692742Swollman#		LMT	Local Mean Time
702742Swollman#	-2:00	CVT	Cape Verde Time (no longer used)
712742Swollman#	-1:00	AAT	Atlantic Africa Time
722742Swollman#	 0:00	WAT	West Africa Time
732742Swollman#	 1:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
742742Swollman#	 2:00	SAT	South Africa Time
752742Swollman#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
762742Swollman#	 4:00	SMT	Seychelles and Mascarene Time
772742Swollman# The final `T' is replaced by `ST' for summer time, e.g. `SAST'.
782742Swollman# BEAT is British East Africa Time, which was 2:30 before 1948 and 2:45 after.
792742Swollman
802742Swollman
812742Swollman# Algeria
822742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
832742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1911	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00s	0	-
842742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
852742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun<=7	23:00s	0	-
862742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
872742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
882742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
892742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
902742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
912742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
922742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
932742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
942742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
952742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon<=7	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
962742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
972742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
982742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
992742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
1002742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
1012742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
1022742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	" DST"
1032742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
1042742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
1052742SwollmanRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
10614343Swollman# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
1072742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1082742SwollmanZone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
10914343Swollman			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
1102742Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WET%s	1940 Feb 25 2:00
1112742Swollman			1:00	Algeria	MET%s	1946 Oct  7
1122742Swollman			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
1132742Swollman			1:00	-	MET	1963 Apr 14
1142742Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WET%s	1977 Oct 21
1152742Swollman			1:00	Algeria	MET%s	1979 Oct 26
1162742Swollman			0:00	Algeria	WET%s	1981 May
1172742Swollman			1:00	-	MET
1182742Swollman
1198029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Algiers Algeria All points
1208029Swollman
1212742Swollman# Angola
1222742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1232742SwollmanZone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
1242742Swollman			0:52	-	LMT	1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time
1252742Swollman			1:00	-	CAT
1262742Swollman
1278029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Luanda Angola All points
1288029Swollman
12914343Swollman# Bassas da India
13014343Swollman# uninhabited
13114343Swollman
1322742Swollman# Benin
1332742Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks.
1342742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1352742SwollmanZone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
1362742Swollman			0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
1372742Swollman			1:00	-	CAT
1382742Swollman
1398029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Porto-Novo Benin All points
1408029Swollman
1412742Swollman# Botswana
1422742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1432742SwollmanZone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
1442742Swollman			2:00	-	SAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
1452742Swollman			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
1462742Swollman			2:00	-	SAT
1472742Swollman
1488029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Gaborone Botswana All points
1498029Swollman
1502742Swollman# Burkina Faso
1512742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1522742SwollmanZone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
1532742Swollman			 0:00	-	WAT
1542742Swollman
1558029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Ouagadougou Burkina_Faso All points
1568029Swollman
1572742Swollman# Burundi
1582742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1592742SwollmanZone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
1602742Swollman			2:00	-	SAT
1612742Swollman
1628029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Bujumbura Burundi All points
1638029Swollman
1642742Swollman# Cameroon
1652742Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks.
1662742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1672742SwollmanZone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
1682742Swollman			1:00	-	CAT
1692742Swollman
1708029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Douala Cameroon All points
1718029Swollman
1722742Swollman# Cape Verde
1732742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1742742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
1752742Swollman			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
1762742Swollman			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
1772742Swollman			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
1782742Swollman			-1:00	-	AAT
1792742Swollman
1808029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Cape_Verde Cape_Verde All points
1818029Swollman
1822742Swollman# Central African Republic
1832742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1842742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
1852742Swollman			1:00	-	CAT
1862742Swollman
1878029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Bangui Central_African_Republic All points
1888029Swollman
1892742Swollman# Chad
1902742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1912742SwollmanZone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
1922742Swollman			1:00	-	CAT	1979 Oct 14
1932742Swollman			1:00	1:00	CAST	1980 Mar  8
1942742Swollman			1:00	-	CAT
1952742Swollman
1968029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Ndjamena Chad All points
1978029Swollman
1982742Swollman# Comoros
1992742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2002742SwollmanZone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
2012742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2022742Swollman
2038029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Indian Comoro Comoros_Islands All points
2048029Swollman
2052742Swollman# Congo
2062742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2072742SwollmanZone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
2082742Swollman			1:00	-	CAT
2092742Swollman
2108029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Brazzaville Congo All points
2118029Swollman
2122742Swollman# Cote D'Ivoire
2132742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2142742SwollmanZone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
2152742Swollman			 0:00	-	WAT
2162742Swollman
2178029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Abidjan Ivory_Coast All points
2188029Swollman
2192742Swollman# Djibouti
2202742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2212742SwollmanZone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
2222742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2232742Swollman
2248029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Djibouti Djibouti All points
2258029Swollman
2262742Swollman###############################################################################
2272742Swollman
2282742Swollman# Egypt
2292742Swollman
2302742Swollman# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
2312742Swollman# Egypt: DST from first day of May to first of October (ending may
2322742Swollman# also be on Sept 30th not 31st -- you might want to ask one of the
2332742Swollman# soc.* groups, you might hit someone who could ask an embassy).
2342742Swollman# DST since 1960 except for 1981-82.
2352742Swollman
2362742Swollman# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
2372742Swollman# EGYPT               2 H  AHEAD OF UTC
2382742Swollman# EGYPT               3 H  AHEAD OF UTC  MAY 17 - SEP 30 (AFTER
2392742Swollman# EGYPT                                  RAMADAN)
2402742Swollman
2412742Swollman# From Shanks (1991):
2422742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2432742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1900	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
2442742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
2452742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
2462742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
2472742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
2482742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
2492742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
2502742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
2512742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	" DST"
2522742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	" DST"
2532742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
2542742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
2552742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
2562742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
2572742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1966	max	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
2582742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	" DST"
2592742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	" DST"
2602742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
2612742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	" DST"
2622742SwollmanRule	Egypt	1990	max	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
2632742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2642742SwollmanZone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
2652742Swollman			2:00	Egypt	EET%s
2662742Swollman
2678029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Cairo Egypt All points
2688029Swollman
2692742Swollman# Equatorial Guinea
2702742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2712742SwollmanZone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
2722742Swollman			0:00	-	WAT	1963 Dec 15
2732742Swollman			1:00	-	CAT
2742742Swollman
2758029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Malabo Equatorial_Guinea All points
2768029Swollman
2772742Swollman# Eritrea
2782742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2792742SwollmanZone	Africa/Asmera	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
2802742Swollman			2:36	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmera Mean Time
2812742Swollman			2:35	-	AAMT	1936 May 5    # Addis Ababa MT
2822742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2832742Swollman
2848029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Asmera Eritrea All points
2858029Swollman
2862742Swollman# Ethiopia
2872742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2882742SwollmanZone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
2892742Swollman			2:35	-	AAMT	1936 May 5    # Addis Ababa MT
2902742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
2912742Swollman
2928029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Addis_Ababa Ethiopia All points
2938029Swollman
29414343Swollman# Europa Island
29514343Swollman# uninhabited
29614343Swollman
2972742Swollman# Gabon
2982742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2992742SwollmanZone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
3002742Swollman			1:00	-	CAT
3012742Swollman
3028029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Libreville Gabon All points
3038029Swollman
3042742Swollman# Gambia
3052742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3062742SwollmanZone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
3072742Swollman			-1:07	-	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
3082742Swollman			-1:00	-	AAT	1964
3092742Swollman			 0:00	-	WAT
3102742Swollman
3118029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Banjul Gambia All points
3128029Swollman
3132742Swollman# Ghana
3142742Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
3152742Swollman# WATDT is my invention for ``West Africa one-Third Daylight Time''.
3162742Swollman# From Shanks (1991):
3172742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
3182742SwollmanRule	Ghana	1918	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	WAT
3192742Swollman# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks.
3202742SwollmanRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	WATDT
3212742SwollmanRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	WAT
3222742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3232742SwollmanZone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
3242742Swollman			 0:00	Ghana	%s
3252742Swollman
3268029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Accra Ghana All points
3278029Swollman
32814343Swollman# Glorioso Is
32914343Swollman# uninhabited
33014343Swollman
3312742Swollman# Guinea
3322742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3332742SwollmanZone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
3342742Swollman			 0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
3352742Swollman			 1:00	-	CAT	1960
3362742Swollman			 0:00	-	WAT
3372742Swollman
3388029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Conakry Guinea All points
3398029Swollman
3402742Swollman# Guinea-Bissau
3412742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3422742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
3432742Swollman			 1:00	-	CAT	1975
3442742Swollman			 0:00	-	WAT
3452742Swollman
3468029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Bissau Guinea_Bissau All points
3478029Swollman
34814343Swollman# Juan de Nova
34914343Swollman# uninhabited
35014343Swollman
3512742Swollman# Kenya
3522742Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
3532742Swollman# Shanks says the transition to 2:45 was in 1940, but it must have been 1948.
3542742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3552742SwollmanZone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
3562742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1930
3572742Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
3582742Swollman			2:45	-	BEAT	1960
3592742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
3602742Swollman
3618029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Nairobi Kenya All points
3628029Swollman
3632742Swollman# Lesotho
3642742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3652742SwollmanZone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
3662742Swollman			2:00	-	SAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
3672742Swollman			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
3682742Swollman			2:00	-	SAT
3692742Swollman
3708029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Maseru Lesotho All points
3718029Swollman
3722742Swollman# Liberia
3732742Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
3742742Swollman# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
3752742Swollman# from a GMT offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes.
37614343Swollman# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
37714343Swollman# Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks.
37814343Swollman# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman
37914343Swollman# each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
3802742Swollman#
3812742Swollman# From Shanks (1991), as corrected by Whitman:
3822742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3832742SwollmanZone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
3842742Swollman			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
3852742Swollman			-0:44:30 -	LST	1972 May # Liberia Standard Time
3862742Swollman			 0:00	-	WAT
3872742Swollman
3888029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Monrovia Liberia All points
3898029Swollman
3902742Swollman###############################################################################
3912742Swollman
3922742Swollman# Libya
3932742Swollman
3942742Swollman# From Bob Devine (January 28 1988):
3952742Swollman# Libya: Since 1982 April 1st to September 30th (?)
3962742Swollman
3972742Swollman# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
3982742Swollman# LIBYAN ARAB         1 H  AHEAD OF UTC  JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
3992742Swollman# LIBYAN ARAB         2 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 1 - SEP 30 JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
4002742Swollman
4012742Swollman# From Shanks (1991):
4022742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
4032742SwollmanRule	Libya	1920	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
4042742SwollmanRule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	" DST"
4052742SwollmanRule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
4062742SwollmanRule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	" DST"
4072742SwollmanRule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
4082742SwollmanRule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
4092742SwollmanRule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
4102742SwollmanRule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
4112742SwollmanRule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
4122742SwollmanRule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	" DST"
4132742SwollmanRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
4142742SwollmanRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
4152742SwollmanRule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
4162742SwollmanRule	Libya	1987	1990	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
4172742SwollmanRule	Libya	1990	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
4182742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4192742SwollmanZone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
4202742Swollman			1:00	Libya	MET%s	1959
4212742Swollman			2:00	-	EET	1982
42214343Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
42314343Swollman# usno1995 (from OAG) says Libya uses 2:00 all year, as they did before 1982.
42414343Swollman# We don't know when they switched back.  We'll guess 1991.
42514343Swollman			1:00	Libya	MET%s	1991
42614343Swollman			2:00	-	EET
4272742Swollman
4288029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Tripoli Libya All points
4298029Swollman
4302742Swollman# Madagascar
4312742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4322742SwollmanZone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
4332742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
4342742Swollman			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
4352742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
4362742Swollman
4378029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Indian Antananarivo Madagascar All points
4388029Swollman
4392742Swollman# Malawi
4402742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4412742SwollmanZone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
4422742Swollman			2:00	-	SAT
4432742Swollman
4448029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Blantyre Malawi All points
4458029Swollman
4462742Swollman# Mali
4472742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4482742SwollmanZone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
4492742Swollman			 0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
4502742Swollman			-1:00	-	AAT	1960 Jun 20
4512742Swollman			 0:00	-	WAT
4528029Swollman
4538029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Bamako Mali All points
4548029Swollman
4552742Swollman# no longer different from Bamako, but too famous to omit
4562742SwollmanZone	Africa/Timbuktu	-0:12:04 -	LMT	1912
4572742Swollman			 0:00	-	WAT
4582742Swollman
4592742Swollman# Mauritania
4602742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4612742SwollmanZone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
4622742Swollman			 0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
4632742Swollman			-1:00	-	AAT	1960 Jun 20
4642742Swollman			 0:00	-	WAT
4658029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Noukachott Mauritania All points
4662742Swollman
4672742Swollman# Mauritius
4682742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
4692742SwollmanZone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
4702742Swollman			4:00	-	SMT
4712742Swollman# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
4722742Swollman# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
4732742Swollman
4748029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Indian Mauritius Mauritius All points
4758029Swollman
4762742Swollman# Mayotte
4772742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
47814343SwollmanZone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
4792742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
4802742Swollman
4818029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Indian Mayotte Mayotte All points
4828029Swollman
4832742Swollman# Morocco
4842742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
4852742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1913	only	-	Oct	26	 0:00	0	-
4862742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
4872742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
4882742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
4892742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
4902742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
4912742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
4922742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	" DST"
4932742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
4942742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
4952742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
4962742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
4972742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
4982742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
4992742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
5002742SwollmanRule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
5012742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5022742SwollmanZone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
5032742Swollman			 0:00	Morocco	WET%s	1984 Mar 16
5042742Swollman			 1:00	-	MET	1986
5052742Swollman			 0:00	-	WET
5068029Swollman
5078029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Casablanca Morocco All points
5088029Swollman
5092742Swollman# The following are controlled by Spain, and are like Europe/Madrid:
51014343Swollman# Alboran, Alhucemas Is, Ceuta, Chafarinas Is, Melilla.
5112742Swollman
5122742Swollman# Mozambique
5132742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5142742SwollmanZone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
5152742Swollman			2:00	-	SAT
5162742Swollman
5178029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Maputo Mozambique All points
5188029Swollman
5192742Swollman# Namibia
5202742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5212742SwollmanZone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
5222742Swollman			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
5232742Swollman			2:00	-	SAT	1942 Sep 20 2:00
5242742Swollman			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
5252742Swollman			2:00	-	SAT
5262742Swollman
5278029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Windhoek Namibia All points
5288029Swollman
5292742Swollman# Niger
5302742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5312742SwollmanZone	Africa/Niamey	0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
5322742Swollman			1:00	-	CAT	1934 Feb 26
5332742Swollman			0:00	-	WAT	1960
5342742Swollman			1:00	-	CAT
5352742Swollman
5368029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Niamey Niger All points
5378029Swollman
5382742Swollman# Nigeria
5392742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5402742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
5412742Swollman			1:00	-	CAT
5422742Swollman
5438029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Lagos Nigeria All points
5448029Swollman
5452742Swollman# Reunion
5462742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
54714343SwollmanZone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
5482742Swollman			4:00	-	SMT
5492742Swollman
5508029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Indian Reunion Reunion_Island All points
5518029Swollman
5522742Swollman# Rwanda
5532742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5542742SwollmanZone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
5552742Swollman			2:00	-	SAT
5562742Swollman
5578029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Kigali Rwanda All points
5588029Swollman
5592742Swollman# St Helena
5602742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5612742SwollmanZone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
5622742Swollman			-0:06	-	?MT	1951	# a typo in Shanks?
5632742Swollman			 0:00	-	GMT
5642742Swollman
56514343Swollman# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
56614343Swollman#	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, says Whitman
56714343Swollman#	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995
56814343Swollman#	Gough, Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
56914343Swollman
5708029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic St_Helena St_Helena All points
5718029Swollman
5722742Swollman# Sao Tome and Principe
5732742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5742742SwollmanZone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
5752742Swollman			-0:37	-	?MT	1912	# a typo in Shanks?
5762742Swollman			 0:00	-	WAT
5772742Swollman
5788029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Sao_Tome Sao_Tome_and_Principe All points
5798029Swollman
5802742Swollman# Senegal
5812742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5822742SwollmanZone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
5832742Swollman			-1:00	-	AAT	1941 Jun
5842742Swollman			 0:00	-	WAT
5852742Swollman
5868029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Dakar Senegal All points
5878029Swollman
5882742Swollman# Seychelles
5892742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
5902742SwollmanZone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
5912742Swollman			4:00	-	SMT
5922742Swollman
5938029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Indian Mahe Seychelles All points
5948029Swollman
5952742Swollman# Sierra Leone
5962742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
5972742SwollmanRule	SL	1913	only	-	Oct	26	0:00	0	-
5982742Swollman# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks.
5992742SwollmanRule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
6002742SwollmanRule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
6012742SwollmanRule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
6022742SwollmanRule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
6032742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6042742SwollmanZone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
6052742Swollman			-0:53	-	FMT	1913 Jun
6062742Swollman			-1:00	SL	AA%sT	1957
6072742Swollman			 0:00	SL	WA%sT
6082742Swollman
6098029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Freetown Sierra_Leone All points
6108029Swollman
6112742Swollman# Somalia
6122742Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
6132742Swollman# Shanks omits the 1948 transition to 2:45; this is probably a typo.
6142742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6152742SwollmanZone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
6162742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1931
6172742Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
6182742Swollman			2:45	-	BEAT	1957	# not in Shanks
6192742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
6202742Swollman
6218029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Mogadishu Somalia All points
6228029Swollman
6232742Swollman# South Africa
6242742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
6252742SwollmanRule	SA	1892	only	-	Feb	8	0:00	0	-
6262742SwollmanRule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
6272742SwollmanRule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
6282742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6292742SwollmanZone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
6302742Swollman			1:30	-	SAT	1903 Mar
6312742Swollman			2:00	SA	SA%sT
6328029Swollman
6338029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Johannesburg South_Africa All points
6348029Swollman
6352742Swollman# Prince Edward Is
6362742Swollman# no information
6372742Swollman
6382742Swollman# Sudan
63914343Swollman# From Michael Ross <mross@antigone.com> (November 15, 1995):
64014343Swollman# Sudan no longer observes any form of daylight time change.
64114343Swollman# I verified this today by telephone with the Sudan Mission to the
64214343Swollman# United Nations: 212-573-6033
6432742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
6442742SwollmanRule	Sudan	1931	only	-	Feb	 8	0:00	0	-
6452742SwollmanRule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
64614343SwollmanRule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
6472742SwollmanRule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
64814343SwollmanRule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	" DST"
6492742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6502742SwollmanZone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
6512742Swollman			2:00	Sudan	EET%s
6522742Swollman
6538029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Khartoum Sudan All points
6548029Swollman
6552742Swollman# Swaziland
6562742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6572742SwollmanZone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
6582742Swollman			2:00	-	SAT
6592742Swollman
6608029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Mbabane Swaziland All points
6618029Swollman
6622742Swollman# Tanzania
6632742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6642742SwollmanZone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
6652742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1948
6662742Swollman			2:45	-	BEAT	1961
6672742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
6682742Swollman
6698029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Dar_es_Salaam Tanzania All points
6708029Swollman
6712742Swollman# Togo
6722742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
6732742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
6742742Swollman			0:00	-	WAT
6752742Swollman
6768029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Lome Togo All points
6778029Swollman
67814343Swollman# Tromelin
67914343Swollman# uninhabited
68014343Swollman
6812742Swollman# Tunisia
6822742Swollman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
6832742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1911	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	0	-
6842742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
6852742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
6862742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
6872742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
6882742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
6892742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
6902742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
6912742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
6922742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
6932742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
6942742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
6952742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
6962742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
6972742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
6982742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
6992742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
7002742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
7012742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
7022742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1988	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
7032742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
7042742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
7052742SwollmanRule	Tunisia	1991	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
70614343Swollman# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
70714343Swollman# Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
7082742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
7092742SwollmanZone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
71014343Swollman			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
7112742Swollman			1:00	Tunisia	MET%s
7122742Swollman
7138029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Tunis Tunisia All points
7148029Swollman
7152742Swollman# Uganda
7162742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
7172742SwollmanZone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
7182742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT	1930
7192742Swollman			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
7202742Swollman			2:45	-	BEAT	1957
7212742Swollman			3:00	-	EAT
7222742Swollman
7238029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Kampala Uganda All points
7248029Swollman
7252742Swollman# Zaire
7262742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
7272742SwollmanZone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
7282742Swollman			1:00	-	CAT
7292742SwollmanZone Africa/Lumumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
7302742Swollman			2:00	-	SAT
7312742Swollman
7328029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Kinshasa Zaire Western (Kinshasa)
7338029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Lumumbashi Zaire Eastern (Lumumbashi)
7348029Swollman
7352742Swollman# Zambia
7362742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
7372742SwollmanZone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
7382742Swollman			2:00	-	SAT
7392742Swollman
7408029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Lusaka Zambia All points
7418029Swollman
7422742Swollman# Zimbabwe
7432742Swollman# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
7442742SwollmanZone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
7452742Swollman			2:00	-	SAT
7468029Swollman
7478029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Harare Zimbabwe All points
748