africa revision 14343
114343Swollman# @(#)africa 7.12 22742Swollman 32742Swollman# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 42742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 52742Swollman# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 62742Swollman 72742Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): 82742Swollman# 92742Swollman# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 102742Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), 112742Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). 122742Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. 132742Swollman# 142742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 152742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 162742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 172742Swollman# 1814343Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 1914343Swollman# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, 2014343Swollman# Oxford University Press (1980). 2114343Swollman# 222742Swollman# I added so many Zone names that the old, mostly flat name space was unwieldy. 232742Swollman# So I renamed the Zones to have the form AREA/LOCATION, where 242742Swollman# AREA is the name of a continent or ocean, and 252742Swollman# LOCATION is the name of a specific location within that region. 262742Swollman# For example, the old zone name `Egypt' is now `Africa/Cairo'. 272742Swollman# 282742Swollman# Here are the general rules I used for choosing location names, 292742Swollman# in decreasing order of importance: 302742Swollman# 312742Swollman# Use only valid Posix file names. Use only Ascii letters, digits, `.', 322742Swollman# `-' and `_'. Do not exceed 14 characters or start with `-'. 332742Swollman# E.g. prefer `Brunei' to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'. 342742Swollman# Include at least one location per time zone rule set per country. 352742Swollman# One such location is enough. 3614343Swollman# If all the clocks in a country's region have agreed since 1970, 3714343Swollman# don't bother to include more than one location 3814343Swollman# even if subregions' clocks disagreed before 1970. 3914343Swollman# Otherwise these tables would become annoyingly large. 402742Swollman# If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative; 412742Swollman# e.g. many cities are named San Jose and Georgetown, so 422742Swollman# prefer `Costa_Rica' to `San_Jose' and `Guyana' to `Georgetown'. 432742Swollman# Keep locations compact. Use cities or small islands, not countries 442742Swollman# or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split 452742Swollman# locations into different time zones. E.g. prefer `Paris' 462742Swollman# to `France', since France has had multiple time zones. 472742Swollman# Use traditional English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and 482742Swollman# prefer `Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters). 492742Swollman# The Posix file name restrictions encourage this rule. 502742Swollman# Use the most populous among locations in a country's time zone, 512742Swollman# e.g. prefer `Shanghai' to `Beijing'. Among locations with 522742Swollman# similar populations, pick the best-known location, 532742Swollman# e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Milan'. 542742Swollman# Use the singular form, e.g. prefer `Canary' to `Canaries'. 552742Swollman# Omit common suffixes like `_Islands' and `_City', unless that 562742Swollman# would lead to ambiguity. E.g. prefer `Cayman' to 572742Swollman# `Cayman_Islands' and `Guatemala' to `Guatemala_City', 582742Swollman# but prefer `Mexico_City' to `Mexico' because the country 592742Swollman# of Mexico has several time zones. 602742Swollman# Use `_' to represent a space. 612742Swollman# Omit `.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer `St_Helena' 622742Swollman# to `St._Helena'. 632742Swollman# 649908Swollman# We typically use traditional English time zone abbreviations, 659908Swollman# and assume that applications translate them to other languages 669908Swollman# as part of the normal localization process. 679908Swollman# 682742Swollman# I made up the following time zone abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 692742Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 702742Swollman# -2:00 CVT Cape Verde Time (no longer used) 712742Swollman# -1:00 AAT Atlantic Africa Time 722742Swollman# 0:00 WAT West Africa Time 732742Swollman# 1:00 CAT Central Africa Time 742742Swollman# 2:00 SAT South Africa Time 752742Swollman# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 762742Swollman# 4:00 SMT Seychelles and Mascarene Time 772742Swollman# The final `T' is replaced by `ST' for summer time, e.g. `SAST'. 782742Swollman# BEAT is British East Africa Time, which was 2:30 before 1948 and 2:45 after. 792742Swollman 802742Swollman 812742Swollman# Algeria 822742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 832742SwollmanRule Algeria 1911 only - Jan 1 0:00s 0 - 842742SwollmanRule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 852742SwollmanRule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun<=7 23:00s 0 - 862742SwollmanRule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 872742SwollmanRule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 882742SwollmanRule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 892742SwollmanRule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 902742SwollmanRule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 912742SwollmanRule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 922742SwollmanRule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 932742SwollmanRule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 942742SwollmanRule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 952742SwollmanRule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon<=7 2:00 1:00 " DST" 962742SwollmanRule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 972742SwollmanRule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 982742SwollmanRule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 992742SwollmanRule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 1002742SwollmanRule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1012742SwollmanRule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 1022742SwollmanRule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 " DST" 1032742SwollmanRule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 1042742SwollmanRule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1052742SwollmanRule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 10614343Swollman# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. 1072742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1082742SwollmanZone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 10914343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1102742Swollman 0:00 Algeria WET%s 1940 Feb 25 2:00 1112742Swollman 1:00 Algeria MET%s 1946 Oct 7 1122742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 1132742Swollman 1:00 - MET 1963 Apr 14 1142742Swollman 0:00 Algeria WET%s 1977 Oct 21 1152742Swollman 1:00 Algeria MET%s 1979 Oct 26 1162742Swollman 0:00 Algeria WET%s 1981 May 1172742Swollman 1:00 - MET 1182742Swollman 1198029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Algiers Algeria All points 1208029Swollman 1212742Swollman# Angola 1222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1232742SwollmanZone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 1242742Swollman 0:52 - LMT 1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time 1252742Swollman 1:00 - CAT 1262742Swollman 1278029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Luanda Angola All points 1288029Swollman 12914343Swollman# Bassas da India 13014343Swollman# uninhabited 13114343Swollman 1322742Swollman# Benin 1332742Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks. 1342742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1352742SwollmanZone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 1362742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 1372742Swollman 1:00 - CAT 1382742Swollman 1398029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Porto-Novo Benin All points 1408029Swollman 1412742Swollman# Botswana 1422742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1432742SwollmanZone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 1442742Swollman 2:00 - SAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 1452742Swollman 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 1462742Swollman 2:00 - SAT 1472742Swollman 1488029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Gaborone Botswana All points 1498029Swollman 1502742Swollman# Burkina Faso 1512742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1522742SwollmanZone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 1532742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 1542742Swollman 1558029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Ouagadougou Burkina_Faso All points 1568029Swollman 1572742Swollman# Burundi 1582742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1592742SwollmanZone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 1602742Swollman 2:00 - SAT 1612742Swollman 1628029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Bujumbura Burundi All points 1638029Swollman 1642742Swollman# Cameroon 1652742Swollman# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks. 1662742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1672742SwollmanZone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 1682742Swollman 1:00 - CAT 1692742Swollman 1708029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Douala Cameroon All points 1718029Swollman 1722742Swollman# Cape Verde 1732742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1742742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 1752742Swollman -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 1762742Swollman -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 1772742Swollman -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 1782742Swollman -1:00 - AAT 1792742Swollman 1808029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Cape_Verde Cape_Verde All points 1818029Swollman 1822742Swollman# Central African Republic 1832742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1842742SwollmanZone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 1852742Swollman 1:00 - CAT 1862742Swollman 1878029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Bangui Central_African_Republic All points 1888029Swollman 1892742Swollman# Chad 1902742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1912742SwollmanZone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 1922742Swollman 1:00 - CAT 1979 Oct 14 1932742Swollman 1:00 1:00 CAST 1980 Mar 8 1942742Swollman 1:00 - CAT 1952742Swollman 1968029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Ndjamena Chad All points 1978029Swollman 1982742Swollman# Comoros 1992742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2002742SwollmanZone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 2012742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 2022742Swollman 2038029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Indian Comoro Comoros_Islands All points 2048029Swollman 2052742Swollman# Congo 2062742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2072742SwollmanZone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 2082742Swollman 1:00 - CAT 2092742Swollman 2108029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Brazzaville Congo All points 2118029Swollman 2122742Swollman# Cote D'Ivoire 2132742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2142742SwollmanZone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 2152742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 2162742Swollman 2178029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Abidjan Ivory_Coast All points 2188029Swollman 2192742Swollman# Djibouti 2202742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2212742SwollmanZone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 2222742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 2232742Swollman 2248029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Djibouti Djibouti All points 2258029Swollman 2262742Swollman############################################################################### 2272742Swollman 2282742Swollman# Egypt 2292742Swollman 2302742Swollman# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): 2312742Swollman# Egypt: DST from first day of May to first of October (ending may 2322742Swollman# also be on Sept 30th not 31st -- you might want to ask one of the 2332742Swollman# soc.* groups, you might hit someone who could ask an embassy). 2342742Swollman# DST since 1960 except for 1981-82. 2352742Swollman 2362742Swollman# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989): 2372742Swollman# EGYPT 2 H AHEAD OF UTC 2382742Swollman# EGYPT 3 H AHEAD OF UTC MAY 17 - SEP 30 (AFTER 2392742Swollman# EGYPT RAMADAN) 2402742Swollman 2412742Swollman# From Shanks (1991): 2422742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2432742SwollmanRule Egypt 1900 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2442742SwollmanRule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2452742SwollmanRule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2462742SwollmanRule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2472742SwollmanRule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 2482742SwollmanRule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2492742SwollmanRule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 2502742SwollmanRule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2512742SwollmanRule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2522742SwollmanRule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2532742SwollmanRule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2542742SwollmanRule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2552742SwollmanRule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST" 2562742SwollmanRule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2572742SwollmanRule Egypt 1966 max - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2582742SwollmanRule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 " DST" 2592742SwollmanRule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 " DST" 2602742SwollmanRule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST" 2612742SwollmanRule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 " DST" 2622742SwollmanRule Egypt 1990 max - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST" 2632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2642742SwollmanZone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct 2652742Swollman 2:00 Egypt EET%s 2662742Swollman 2678029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Cairo Egypt All points 2688029Swollman 2692742Swollman# Equatorial Guinea 2702742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2712742SwollmanZone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 2722742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 1963 Dec 15 2732742Swollman 1:00 - CAT 2742742Swollman 2758029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Malabo Equatorial_Guinea All points 2768029Swollman 2772742Swollman# Eritrea 2782742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2792742SwollmanZone Africa/Asmera 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 2802742Swollman 2:36 - AMT 1890 # Asmera Mean Time 2812742Swollman 2:35 - AAMT 1936 May 5 # Addis Ababa MT 2822742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 2832742Swollman 2848029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Asmera Eritrea All points 2858029Swollman 2862742Swollman# Ethiopia 2872742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2882742SwollmanZone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 2892742Swollman 2:35 - AAMT 1936 May 5 # Addis Ababa MT 2902742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 2912742Swollman 2928029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Addis_Ababa Ethiopia All points 2938029Swollman 29414343Swollman# Europa Island 29514343Swollman# uninhabited 29614343Swollman 2972742Swollman# Gabon 2982742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2992742SwollmanZone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 3002742Swollman 1:00 - CAT 3012742Swollman 3028029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Libreville Gabon All points 3038029Swollman 3042742Swollman# Gambia 3052742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3062742SwollmanZone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 3072742Swollman -1:07 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time 3082742Swollman -1:00 - AAT 1964 3092742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 3102742Swollman 3118029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Banjul Gambia All points 3128029Swollman 3132742Swollman# Ghana 3142742Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): 3152742Swollman# WATDT is my invention for ``West Africa one-Third Daylight Time''. 3162742Swollman# From Shanks (1991): 3172742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3182742SwollmanRule Ghana 1918 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 WAT 3192742Swollman# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks. 3202742SwollmanRule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 WATDT 3212742SwollmanRule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 WAT 3222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3232742SwollmanZone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 3242742Swollman 0:00 Ghana %s 3252742Swollman 3268029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Accra Ghana All points 3278029Swollman 32814343Swollman# Glorioso Is 32914343Swollman# uninhabited 33014343Swollman 3312742Swollman# Guinea 3322742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3332742SwollmanZone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 3342742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 3352742Swollman 1:00 - CAT 1960 3362742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 3372742Swollman 3388029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Conakry Guinea All points 3398029Swollman 3402742Swollman# Guinea-Bissau 3412742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3422742SwollmanZone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 3432742Swollman 1:00 - CAT 1975 3442742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 3452742Swollman 3468029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Bissau Guinea_Bissau All points 3478029Swollman 34814343Swollman# Juan de Nova 34914343Swollman# uninhabited 35014343Swollman 3512742Swollman# Kenya 3522742Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): 3532742Swollman# Shanks says the transition to 2:45 was in 1940, but it must have been 1948. 3542742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3552742SwollmanZone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 3562742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1930 3572742Swollman 2:30 - BEAT 1948 3582742Swollman 2:45 - BEAT 1960 3592742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 3602742Swollman 3618029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Nairobi Kenya All points 3628029Swollman 3632742Swollman# Lesotho 3642742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3652742SwollmanZone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 3662742Swollman 2:00 - SAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 3672742Swollman 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 3682742Swollman 2:00 - SAT 3692742Swollman 3708029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Maseru Lesotho All points 3718029Swollman 3722742Swollman# Liberia 3732742Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): 3742742Swollman# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 3752742Swollman# from a GMT offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes. 37614343Swollman# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 37714343Swollman# Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks. 37814343Swollman# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman 37914343Swollman# each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 3802742Swollman# 3812742Swollman# From Shanks (1991), as corrected by Whitman: 3822742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3832742SwollmanZone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 3842742Swollman -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 3852742Swollman -0:44:30 - LST 1972 May # Liberia Standard Time 3862742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 3872742Swollman 3888029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Monrovia Liberia All points 3898029Swollman 3902742Swollman############################################################################### 3912742Swollman 3922742Swollman# Libya 3932742Swollman 3942742Swollman# From Bob Devine (January 28 1988): 3952742Swollman# Libya: Since 1982 April 1st to September 30th (?) 3962742Swollman 3972742Swollman# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989): 3982742Swollman# LIBYAN ARAB 1 H AHEAD OF UTC JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA 3992742Swollman# LIBYAN ARAB 2 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 1 - SEP 30 JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA 4002742Swollman 4012742Swollman# From Shanks (1991): 4022742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 4032742SwollmanRule Libya 1920 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 4042742SwollmanRule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 " DST" 4052742SwollmanRule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 4062742SwollmanRule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 " DST" 4072742SwollmanRule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 4082742SwollmanRule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" 4092742SwollmanRule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 4102742SwollmanRule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 4112742SwollmanRule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 4122742SwollmanRule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 " DST" 4132742SwollmanRule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" 4142742SwollmanRule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 4152742SwollmanRule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 4162742SwollmanRule Libya 1987 1990 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 4172742SwollmanRule Libya 1990 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" 4182742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4192742SwollmanZone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 4202742Swollman 1:00 Libya MET%s 1959 4212742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1982 42214343Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19): 42314343Swollman# usno1995 (from OAG) says Libya uses 2:00 all year, as they did before 1982. 42414343Swollman# We don't know when they switched back. We'll guess 1991. 42514343Swollman 1:00 Libya MET%s 1991 42614343Swollman 2:00 - EET 4272742Swollman 4288029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Tripoli Libya All points 4298029Swollman 4302742Swollman# Madagascar 4312742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4322742SwollmanZone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 4332742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 4342742Swollman 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 4352742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 4362742Swollman 4378029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Indian Antananarivo Madagascar All points 4388029Swollman 4392742Swollman# Malawi 4402742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4412742SwollmanZone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 4422742Swollman 2:00 - SAT 4432742Swollman 4448029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Blantyre Malawi All points 4458029Swollman 4462742Swollman# Mali 4472742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4482742SwollmanZone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 4492742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 4502742Swollman -1:00 - AAT 1960 Jun 20 4512742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 4528029Swollman 4538029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Bamako Mali All points 4548029Swollman 4552742Swollman# no longer different from Bamako, but too famous to omit 4562742SwollmanZone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912 4572742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 4582742Swollman 4592742Swollman# Mauritania 4602742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4612742SwollmanZone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 4622742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 4632742Swollman -1:00 - AAT 1960 Jun 20 4642742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 4658029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Noukachott Mauritania All points 4662742Swollman 4672742Swollman# Mauritius 4682742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4692742SwollmanZone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 4702742Swollman 4:00 - SMT 4712742Swollman# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 4722742Swollman# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 4732742Swollman 4748029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Indian Mauritius Mauritius All points 4758029Swollman 4762742Swollman# Mayotte 4772742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 47814343SwollmanZone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 4792742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 4802742Swollman 4818029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Indian Mayotte Mayotte All points 4828029Swollman 4832742Swollman# Morocco 4842742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 4852742SwollmanRule Morocco 1913 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 - 4862742SwollmanRule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 " DST" 4872742SwollmanRule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 4882742SwollmanRule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 " DST" 4892742SwollmanRule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 4902742SwollmanRule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 " DST" 4912742SwollmanRule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 4922742SwollmanRule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 " DST" 4932742SwollmanRule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 4942742SwollmanRule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 " DST" 4952742SwollmanRule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 4962742SwollmanRule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 4972742SwollmanRule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 4982742SwollmanRule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 4992742SwollmanRule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 5002742SwollmanRule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 5012742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5022742SwollmanZone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 5032742Swollman 0:00 Morocco WET%s 1984 Mar 16 5042742Swollman 1:00 - MET 1986 5052742Swollman 0:00 - WET 5068029Swollman 5078029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Casablanca Morocco All points 5088029Swollman 5092742Swollman# The following are controlled by Spain, and are like Europe/Madrid: 51014343Swollman# Alboran, Alhucemas Is, Ceuta, Chafarinas Is, Melilla. 5112742Swollman 5122742Swollman# Mozambique 5132742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5142742SwollmanZone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 5152742Swollman 2:00 - SAT 5162742Swollman 5178029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Maputo Mozambique All points 5188029Swollman 5192742Swollman# Namibia 5202742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5212742SwollmanZone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 5222742Swollman 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 5232742Swollman 2:00 - SAT 1942 Sep 20 2:00 5242742Swollman 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 5252742Swollman 2:00 - SAT 5262742Swollman 5278029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Windhoek Namibia All points 5288029Swollman 5292742Swollman# Niger 5302742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5312742SwollmanZone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 5322742Swollman 1:00 - CAT 1934 Feb 26 5332742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 1960 5342742Swollman 1:00 - CAT 5352742Swollman 5368029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Niamey Niger All points 5378029Swollman 5382742Swollman# Nigeria 5392742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5402742SwollmanZone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 5412742Swollman 1:00 - CAT 5422742Swollman 5438029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Lagos Nigeria All points 5448029Swollman 5452742Swollman# Reunion 5462742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 54714343SwollmanZone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 5482742Swollman 4:00 - SMT 5492742Swollman 5508029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Indian Reunion Reunion_Island All points 5518029Swollman 5522742Swollman# Rwanda 5532742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5542742SwollmanZone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 5552742Swollman 2:00 - SAT 5562742Swollman 5578029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Kigali Rwanda All points 5588029Swollman 5592742Swollman# St Helena 5602742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5612742SwollmanZone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 5622742Swollman -0:06 - ?MT 1951 # a typo in Shanks? 5632742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 5642742Swollman 56514343Swollman# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 56614343Swollman# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, says Whitman 56714343Swollman# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 56814343Swollman# Gough, Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT 56914343Swollman 5708029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic St_Helena St_Helena All points 5718029Swollman 5722742Swollman# Sao Tome and Principe 5732742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5742742SwollmanZone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 5752742Swollman -0:37 - ?MT 1912 # a typo in Shanks? 5762742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 5772742Swollman 5788029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Sao_Tome Sao_Tome_and_Principe All points 5798029Swollman 5802742Swollman# Senegal 5812742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5822742SwollmanZone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 5832742Swollman -1:00 - AAT 1941 Jun 5842742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 5852742Swollman 5868029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Dakar Senegal All points 5878029Swollman 5882742Swollman# Seychelles 5892742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5902742SwollmanZone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 5912742Swollman 4:00 - SMT 5922742Swollman 5938029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Indian Mahe Seychelles All points 5948029Swollman 5952742Swollman# Sierra Leone 5962742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 5972742SwollmanRule SL 1913 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 - 5982742Swollman# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks. 5992742SwollmanRule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 6002742SwollmanRule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 6012742SwollmanRule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 6022742SwollmanRule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 6032742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6042742SwollmanZone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 6052742Swollman -0:53 - FMT 1913 Jun 6062742Swollman -1:00 SL AA%sT 1957 6072742Swollman 0:00 SL WA%sT 6082742Swollman 6098029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Freetown Sierra_Leone All points 6108029Swollman 6112742Swollman# Somalia 6122742Swollman# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): 6132742Swollman# Shanks omits the 1948 transition to 2:45; this is probably a typo. 6142742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6152742SwollmanZone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 6162742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1931 6172742Swollman 2:30 - BEAT 1948 6182742Swollman 2:45 - BEAT 1957 # not in Shanks 6192742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 6202742Swollman 6218029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Mogadishu Somalia All points 6228029Swollman 6232742Swollman# South Africa 6242742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6252742SwollmanRule SA 1892 only - Feb 8 0:00 0 - 6262742SwollmanRule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 6272742SwollmanRule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 6282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6292742SwollmanZone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 6302742Swollman 1:30 - SAT 1903 Mar 6312742Swollman 2:00 SA SA%sT 6328029Swollman 6338029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Johannesburg South_Africa All points 6348029Swollman 6352742Swollman# Prince Edward Is 6362742Swollman# no information 6372742Swollman 6382742Swollman# Sudan 63914343Swollman# From Michael Ross <mross@antigone.com> (November 15, 1995): 64014343Swollman# Sudan no longer observes any form of daylight time change. 64114343Swollman# I verified this today by telephone with the Sudan Mission to the 64214343Swollman# United Nations: 212-573-6033 6432742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6442742SwollmanRule Sudan 1931 only - Feb 8 0:00 0 - 6452742SwollmanRule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 64614343SwollmanRule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 6472742SwollmanRule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" 64814343SwollmanRule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 " DST" 6492742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6502742SwollmanZone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 6512742Swollman 2:00 Sudan EET%s 6522742Swollman 6538029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Khartoum Sudan All points 6548029Swollman 6552742Swollman# Swaziland 6562742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6572742SwollmanZone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 6582742Swollman 2:00 - SAT 6592742Swollman 6608029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Mbabane Swaziland All points 6618029Swollman 6622742Swollman# Tanzania 6632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6642742SwollmanZone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 6652742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1948 6662742Swollman 2:45 - BEAT 1961 6672742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 6682742Swollman 6698029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Dar_es_Salaam Tanzania All points 6708029Swollman 6712742Swollman# Togo 6722742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 6732742SwollmanZone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 6742742Swollman 0:00 - WAT 6752742Swollman 6768029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Lome Togo All points 6778029Swollman 67814343Swollman# Tromelin 67914343Swollman# uninhabited 68014343Swollman 6812742Swollman# Tunisia 6822742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6832742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1911 only - Mar 9 0:00 0 - 6842742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 6852742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 6862742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 6872742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 6882742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 " DST" 6892742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 6902742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 " DST" 6912742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 6922742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 " DST" 6932742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 6942742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST" 6952742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 6962742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 6972742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 6982742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 6992742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 7002742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 7012742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 7022742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1988 max - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 7032742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 7042742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 7052742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1991 max - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 70614343Swollman# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. 70714343Swollman# Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 7082742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7092742SwollmanZone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 71014343Swollman 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 7112742Swollman 1:00 Tunisia MET%s 7122742Swollman 7138029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Tunis Tunisia All points 7148029Swollman 7152742Swollman# Uganda 7162742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7172742SwollmanZone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 7182742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1930 7192742Swollman 2:30 - BEAT 1948 7202742Swollman 2:45 - BEAT 1957 7212742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 7222742Swollman 7238029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Kampala Uganda All points 7248029Swollman 7252742Swollman# Zaire 7262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7272742SwollmanZone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 7282742Swollman 1:00 - CAT 7292742SwollmanZone Africa/Lumumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 7302742Swollman 2:00 - SAT 7312742Swollman 7328029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Kinshasa Zaire Western (Kinshasa) 7338029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Lumumbashi Zaire Eastern (Lumumbashi) 7348029Swollman 7352742Swollman# Zambia 7362742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7372742SwollmanZone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 7382742Swollman 2:00 - SAT 7392742Swollman 7408029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Lusaka Zambia All points 7418029Swollman 7422742Swollman# Zimbabwe 7432742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7442742SwollmanZone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 7452742Swollman 2:00 - SAT 7468029Swollman 7478029Swollman# ZONE-DESCR Africa Harare Zimbabwe All points 748