less.hlp revision 89019
160786Sps 260786Sps SSUUMMMMAARRYY OOFF LLEESSSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS 360786Sps 460786Sps Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, _N. 560786Sps Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if _N is given. 660786Sps 760786Sps h H Display this help. 860786Sps q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit. 960786Sps --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1060786Sps 1160786Sps MMOOVVIINNGG 1260786Sps 1360786Sps e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or _N lines). 1460786Sps y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or _N lines). 1560786Sps f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or _N lines). 1660786Sps b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or _N lines). 1760786Sps z * Forward one window (and set window to _N). 1860786Sps w * Backward one window (and set window to _N). 1960786Sps ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file. 2060786Sps d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). 2160786Sps u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). 2289019Sps ESC-( RightArrow * Left one half screen width (or _N positions). 2389019Sps ESC-) LeftArrow * Right one half screen width (or _N positions). 2460786Sps F Forward forever; like "tail -f". 2560786Sps r ^R ^L Repaint screen. 2660786Sps R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input. 2760786Sps --------------------------------------------------- 2860786Sps Default "window" is the screen height. 2960786Sps Default "half-window" is half of the screen height. 3060786Sps --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3160786Sps 3260786Sps SSEEAARRCCHHIINNGG 3360786Sps 3460786Sps /_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search forward for (_N-th) matching line. 3560786Sps ?_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search backward for (_N-th) matching line. 3660786Sps n * Repeat previous search (for _N-th occurrence). 3760786Sps N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction. 3860786Sps ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files. 3960786Sps ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files. 4060786Sps ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting. 4160786Sps --------------------------------------------------- 4260786Sps Search patterns may be modified by one or more of: 4360786Sps ^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines. 4460786Sps ^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE). 4560786Sps ^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?). 4660786Sps ^K Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position). 4760786Sps ^R Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS. 4860786Sps --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4960786Sps 5060786Sps JJUUMMPPIINNGG 5160786Sps 5260786Sps g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line _N). 5360786Sps G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line _N). 5460786Sps p % * Go to beginning of file (or _N percent into file). 5589019Sps t * Go to the (_N-th) next tag. 5689019Sps T * Go to the (_N-th) previous tag. 5760786Sps { ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ]. 5860786Sps } ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [. 5960786Sps ESC-^F _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find close bracket _<_c_2_>. 6060786Sps ESC-^B _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find open bracket _<_c_1_> 6160786Sps --------------------------------------------------- 6260786Sps Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket 6360786Sps matching the (_N-th) open bracket in the top line. 6460786Sps Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket 6560786Sps matching the (_N-th) close bracket in the bottom line. 6660786Sps 6760786Sps m_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current position with <letter>. 6860786Sps '_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Go to a previously marked position. 6960786Sps '' Go to the previous position. 7060786Sps ^X^X Same as '. 7160786Sps --------------------------------------------------- 7260786Sps A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter. 7360786Sps Certain marks are predefined: 7460786Sps ^ means beginning of the file 7560786Sps $ means end of the file 7660786Sps --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7760786Sps 7860786Sps CCHHAANNGGIINNGG FFIILLEESS 7960786Sps 8060786Sps :e [_f_i_l_e] Examine a new file. 8160786Sps ^X^V Same as :e. 8260786Sps :n * Examine the (_N-th) next file from the command line. 8360786Sps :p * Examine the (_N-th) previous file from the command line. 8460786Sps :x * Examine the first (or _N-th) file from the command line. 8560786Sps :d Delete the current file from the command line list. 8660786Sps = ^G :f Print current file name. 8760786Sps --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8860786Sps 8960786Sps MMIISSCCEELLLLAANNEEOOUUSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS 9060786Sps 9160786Sps -_<_f_l_a_g_> Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below]. 9260786Sps --_<_n_a_m_e_> Toggle a command line option, by name. 9360786Sps __<_f_l_a_g_> Display the setting of a command line option. 9460786Sps ___<_n_a_m_e_> Display the setting of an option, by name. 9560786Sps +_c_m_d Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined. 9660786Sps 9760786Sps !_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute the shell command with $SHELL. 9860786Sps |XX_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Pipe file between current pos & mark XX to shell command. 9960786Sps v Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR. 10060786Sps V Print version number of "less". 10160786Sps --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10260786Sps 10360786Sps OOPPTTIIOONNSS 10460786Sps 10560786Sps Most options may be changed either on the command line, 10660786Sps or from within less by using the - or -- command. 10760786Sps Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single 10860786Sps character preceded by a -, or a name preceeded by --. 10960786Sps 11060786Sps -? ........ --help 11160786Sps Display help (from command line). 11260786Sps -a ........ --search-skip-screen 11360786Sps Forward search skips current screen. 11460786Sps -b [_N] .... --buffers=[_N] 11560786Sps Number of buffers. 11660786Sps -B ........ --auto-buffers 11760786Sps Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes. 11860786Sps -c -C .... --clear-screen --CLEAR-SCREEN 11960786Sps Repaint by scrolling/clearing. 12060786Sps -d ........ --dumb 12160786Sps Dumb terminal. 12260786Sps -D [_x_n_._n] . --color=_x_n_._n 12360786Sps Set screen colors. (MS-DOS only) 12460786Sps -e -E .... --quit-at-eof --QUIT-AT-EOF 12560786Sps Quit at end of file. 12660786Sps -f ........ --force 12760786Sps Force open non-regular files. 12860786Sps -F ........ --quit-if-one-screen 12960786Sps Quit if entire file fits on first screen. 13060786Sps -g ........ --hilite-search 13160786Sps Highlight only last match for searches. 13260786Sps -G ........ --HILITE-SEARCH 13360786Sps Don't highlight any matches for searches. 13460786Sps -h [_N] .... --max-back-scroll=[_N] 13560786Sps Backward scroll limit. 13660786Sps -i ........ --ignore-case 13760786Sps Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase. 13860786Sps -I ........ --IGNORE-CASE 13960786Sps Ignore case in all searches. 14060786Sps -j [_N] .... --jump-target=[_N] 14160786Sps Screen position of target lines. 14263128Sps -J ........ --status-column 14363128Sps Display a status column at left edge of screen. 14460786Sps -k [_f_i_l_e] . --lesskey-file=[_f_i_l_e] 14560786Sps Use a lesskey file. 14660786Sps -m -M .... --long-prompt --LONG-PROMPT 14760786Sps Set prompt style. 14860786Sps -n -N .... --line-numbers --LINE-NUMBERS 14960786Sps Use line numbers. 15060786Sps -o [_f_i_l_e] . --log-file=[_f_i_l_e] 15160786Sps Copy to log file (standard input only). 15260786Sps -O [_f_i_l_e] . --LOG-FILE=[_f_i_l_e] 15360786Sps Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite). 15460786Sps -p [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] --pattern=[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] 15560786Sps Start at pattern (from command line). 15660786Sps -P [_p_r_o_m_p_t] --prompt=[_p_r_o_m_p_t] 15760786Sps Define new prompt. 15860786Sps -q -Q .... --quiet --QUIET --silent --SILENT 15960786Sps Quiet the terminal bell. 16060786Sps -r -R .... --raw-control-chars --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS 16160786Sps Output "raw" control characters. 16260786Sps -s ........ --squeeze-blank-lines 16360786Sps Squeeze multiple blank lines. 16460786Sps -S ........ --chop-long-lines 16560786Sps Chop long lines. 16660786Sps -t [_t_a_g] .. --tag=[_t_a_g] 16760786Sps Find a tag. 16860786Sps -T [_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] --tag-file=[_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] 16960786Sps Use an alternate tags file. 17060786Sps -u -U .... --underline-special --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL 17160786Sps Change handling of backspaces. 17260786Sps -V ........ --version 17360786Sps Display the version number of "less". 17460786Sps -w ........ --hilite-unread 17560786Sps Highlight first new line after forward-screen. 17660786Sps -W ........ --HILITE-UNREAD 17760786Sps Highlight first new line after any forward movement. 17889019Sps -x [_N[,...]] --tabs=[_N[,...]] 17960786Sps Set tab stops. 18060786Sps -X ........ --no-init 18160786Sps Don't use termcap init/deinit strings. 18289019Sps --no-keypad 18389019Sps Don't use termcap keypad init/deinit strings. 18460786Sps -y [_N] .... --max-forw-scroll=[_N] 18560786Sps Forward scroll limit. 18660786Sps -z [_N] .... --window=[_N] 18760786Sps Set size of window. 18860786Sps -" [_c[_c]] . --quotes=[_c[_c]] 18960786Sps Set shell quote characters. 19060786Sps -~ ........ --tilde 19160786Sps Don't display tildes after end of file. 19263128Sps -# [_N] .... --shift=[_N] 19363128Sps Horizontal scroll amount (0 = one half screen width) 19463128Sps 19560786Sps --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19660786Sps 19760786Sps LLIINNEE EEDDIITTIINNGG 19860786Sps 19960786Sps These keys can be used to edit text being entered 20060786Sps on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen. 20160786Sps 20260786Sps RightArrow ESC-l Move cursor right one character. 20360786Sps LeftArrow ESC-h Move cursor left one character. 20460786Sps CNTL-RightArrow ESC-RightArrow ESC-w Move cursor right one word. 20560786Sps CNTL-LeftArrow ESC-LeftArrow ESC-b Move cursor left one word. 20660786Sps HOME ESC-0 Move cursor to start of line. 20760786Sps END ESC-$ Move cursor to end of line. 20860786Sps BACKSPACE Delete char to left of cursor. 20960786Sps DELETE ESC-x Delete char under cursor. 21060786Sps CNTL-BACKSPACE ESC-BACKSPACE Delete word to left of cursor. 21160786Sps CNTL-DELETE ESC-DELETE ESC-X Delete word under cursor. 21260786Sps CNTL-U ESC (MS-DOS only) Delete entire line. 21360786Sps UpArrow ESC-k Retrieve previous command line. 21460786Sps DownArrow ESC-j Retrieve next command line. 21560786Sps TAB Complete filename & cycle. 21660786Sps SHIFT-TAB ESC-TAB Complete filename & reverse cycle. 21760786Sps CNTL-L Complete filename, list all. 21860786Sps 219