less.hlp revision 60786
160786Sps 260786Sps SSUUMMMMAARRYY OOFF LLEESSSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS 360786Sps 460786Sps Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, _N. 560786Sps Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if _N is given. 660786Sps 760786Sps h H Display this help. 860786Sps q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit. 960786Sps --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1060786Sps 1160786Sps MMOOVVIINNGG 1260786Sps 1360786Sps e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or _N lines). 1460786Sps y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or _N lines). 1560786Sps f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or _N lines). 1660786Sps b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or _N lines). 1760786Sps z * Forward one window (and set window to _N). 1860786Sps w * Backward one window (and set window to _N). 1960786Sps ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file. 2060786Sps d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). 2160786Sps u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). 2260786Sps ESC-( RightArrow * Left 8 character positions (or _N positions). 2360786Sps ESC-) LeftArrow * Right 8 character positions (or _N positions). 2460786Sps F Forward forever; like "tail -f". 2560786Sps r ^R ^L Repaint screen. 2660786Sps R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input. 2760786Sps --------------------------------------------------- 2860786Sps Default "window" is the screen height. 2960786Sps Default "half-window" is half of the screen height. 3060786Sps --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3160786Sps 3260786Sps SSEEAARRCCHHIINNGG 3360786Sps 3460786Sps /_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search forward for (_N-th) matching line. 3560786Sps ?_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search backward for (_N-th) matching line. 3660786Sps n * Repeat previous search (for _N-th occurrence). 3760786Sps N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction. 3860786Sps ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files. 3960786Sps ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files. 4060786Sps ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting. 4160786Sps --------------------------------------------------- 4260786Sps Search patterns may be modified by one or more of: 4360786Sps ^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines. 4460786Sps ^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE). 4560786Sps ^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?). 4660786Sps ^K Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position). 4760786Sps ^R Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS. 4860786Sps --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4960786Sps 5060786Sps JJUUMMPPIINNGG 5160786Sps 5260786Sps g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line _N). 5360786Sps G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line _N). 5460786Sps p % * Go to beginning of file (or _N percent into file). 5560786Sps { ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ]. 5660786Sps } ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [. 5760786Sps ESC-^F _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find close bracket _<_c_2_>. 5860786Sps ESC-^B _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find open bracket _<_c_1_> 5960786Sps --------------------------------------------------- 6060786Sps Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket 6160786Sps matching the (_N-th) open bracket in the top line. 6260786Sps Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket 6360786Sps matching the (_N-th) close bracket in the bottom line. 6460786Sps 6560786Sps m_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current position with <letter>. 6660786Sps '_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Go to a previously marked position. 6760786Sps '' Go to the previous position. 6860786Sps ^X^X Same as '. 6960786Sps --------------------------------------------------- 7060786Sps A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter. 7160786Sps Certain marks are predefined: 7260786Sps ^ means beginning of the file 7360786Sps $ means end of the file 7460786Sps --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7560786Sps 7660786Sps CCHHAANNGGIINNGG FFIILLEESS 7760786Sps 7860786Sps :e [_f_i_l_e] Examine a new file. 7960786Sps ^X^V Same as :e. 8060786Sps :n * Examine the (_N-th) next file from the command line. 8160786Sps :p * Examine the (_N-th) previous file from the command line. 8260786Sps :x * Examine the first (or _N-th) file from the command line. 8360786Sps :d Delete the current file from the command line list. 8460786Sps = ^G :f Print current file name. 8560786Sps --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8660786Sps 8760786Sps MMIISSCCEELLLLAANNEEOOUUSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS 8860786Sps 8960786Sps -_<_f_l_a_g_> Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below]. 9060786Sps --_<_n_a_m_e_> Toggle a command line option, by name. 9160786Sps __<_f_l_a_g_> Display the setting of a command line option. 9260786Sps ___<_n_a_m_e_> Display the setting of an option, by name. 9360786Sps +_c_m_d Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined. 9460786Sps 9560786Sps !_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute the shell command with $SHELL. 9660786Sps |XX_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Pipe file between current pos & mark XX to shell command. 9760786Sps v Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR. 9860786Sps V Print version number of "less". 9960786Sps --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10060786Sps 10160786Sps OOPPTTIIOONNSS 10260786Sps 10360786Sps Most options may be changed either on the command line, 10460786Sps or from within less by using the - or -- command. 10560786Sps Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single 10660786Sps character preceded by a -, or a name preceeded by --. 10760786Sps 10860786Sps -? ........ --help 10960786Sps Display help (from command line). 11060786Sps -a ........ --search-skip-screen 11160786Sps Forward search skips current screen. 11260786Sps -b [_N] .... --buffers=[_N] 11360786Sps Number of buffers. 11460786Sps -B ........ --auto-buffers 11560786Sps Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes. 11660786Sps -c -C .... --clear-screen --CLEAR-SCREEN 11760786Sps Repaint by scrolling/clearing. 11860786Sps -d ........ --dumb 11960786Sps Dumb terminal. 12060786Sps -D [_x_n_._n] . --color=_x_n_._n 12160786Sps Set screen colors. (MS-DOS only) 12260786Sps -e -E .... --quit-at-eof --QUIT-AT-EOF 12360786Sps Quit at end of file. 12460786Sps -f ........ --force 12560786Sps Force open non-regular files. 12660786Sps -F ........ --quit-if-one-screen 12760786Sps Quit if entire file fits on first screen. 12860786Sps -g ........ --hilite-search 12960786Sps Highlight only last match for searches. 13060786Sps -G ........ --HILITE-SEARCH 13160786Sps Don't highlight any matches for searches. 13260786Sps -h [_N] .... --max-back-scroll=[_N] 13360786Sps Backward scroll limit. 13460786Sps -i ........ --ignore-case 13560786Sps Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase. 13660786Sps -I ........ --IGNORE-CASE 13760786Sps Ignore case in all searches. 13860786Sps -j [_N] .... --jump-target=[_N] 13960786Sps Screen position of target lines. 14060786Sps -k [_f_i_l_e] . --lesskey-file=[_f_i_l_e] 14160786Sps Use a lesskey file. 14260786Sps -m -M .... --long-prompt --LONG-PROMPT 14360786Sps Set prompt style. 14460786Sps -n -N .... --line-numbers --LINE-NUMBERS 14560786Sps Use line numbers. 14660786Sps -o [_f_i_l_e] . --log-file=[_f_i_l_e] 14760786Sps Copy to log file (standard input only). 14860786Sps -O [_f_i_l_e] . --LOG-FILE=[_f_i_l_e] 14960786Sps Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite). 15060786Sps -p [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] --pattern=[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] 15160786Sps Start at pattern (from command line). 15260786Sps -P [_p_r_o_m_p_t] --prompt=[_p_r_o_m_p_t] 15360786Sps Define new prompt. 15460786Sps -q -Q .... --quiet --QUIET --silent --SILENT 15560786Sps Quiet the terminal bell. 15660786Sps -r -R .... --raw-control-chars --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS 15760786Sps Output "raw" control characters. 15860786Sps -s ........ --squeeze-blank-lines 15960786Sps Squeeze multiple blank lines. 16060786Sps -S ........ --chop-long-lines 16160786Sps Chop long lines. 16260786Sps -t [_t_a_g] .. --tag=[_t_a_g] 16360786Sps Find a tag. 16460786Sps -T [_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] --tag-file=[_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] 16560786Sps Use an alternate tags file. 16660786Sps -u -U .... --underline-special --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL 16760786Sps Change handling of backspaces. 16860786Sps -V ........ --version 16960786Sps Display the version number of "less". 17060786Sps -w ........ --hilite-unread 17160786Sps Highlight first new line after forward-screen. 17260786Sps -W ........ --HILITE-UNREAD 17360786Sps Highlight first new line after any forward movement. 17460786Sps -x [_N] .... --tabs=[_N] 17560786Sps Set tab stops. 17660786Sps -X ........ --no-init 17760786Sps Don't use termcap init/deinit strings. 17860786Sps -y [_N] .... --max-forw-scroll=[_N] 17960786Sps Forward scroll limit. 18060786Sps -z [_N] .... --window=[_N] 18160786Sps Set size of window. 18260786Sps -" [_c[_c]] . --quotes=[_c[_c]] 18360786Sps Set shell quote characters. 18460786Sps -~ ........ --tilde 18560786Sps Don't display tildes after end of file. 18660786Sps --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18760786Sps 18860786Sps LLIINNEE EEDDIITTIINNGG 18960786Sps 19060786Sps These keys can be used to edit text being entered 19160786Sps on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen. 19260786Sps 19360786Sps RightArrow ESC-l Move cursor right one character. 19460786Sps LeftArrow ESC-h Move cursor left one character. 19560786Sps CNTL-RightArrow ESC-RightArrow ESC-w Move cursor right one word. 19660786Sps CNTL-LeftArrow ESC-LeftArrow ESC-b Move cursor left one word. 19760786Sps HOME ESC-0 Move cursor to start of line. 19860786Sps END ESC-$ Move cursor to end of line. 19960786Sps BACKSPACE Delete char to left of cursor. 20060786Sps DELETE ESC-x Delete char under cursor. 20160786Sps CNTL-BACKSPACE ESC-BACKSPACE Delete word to left of cursor. 20260786Sps CNTL-DELETE ESC-DELETE ESC-X Delete word under cursor. 20360786Sps CNTL-U ESC (MS-DOS only) Delete entire line. 20460786Sps UpArrow ESC-k Retrieve previous command line. 20560786Sps DownArrow ESC-j Retrieve next command line. 20660786Sps TAB Complete filename & cycle. 20760786Sps SHIFT-TAB ESC-TAB Complete filename & reverse cycle. 20860786Sps CNTL-L Complete filename, list all. 20960786Sps 210