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For more 57 information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035. 58 </p> 59<p> 60 When invoked without arguments, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> 61 will 62 read the default configuration file 63 <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial 64 data, and listen for queries. 65 </p> 66</div> 67<div class="refsect1" lang="en"> 68<a name="id2601829"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2> 69<div class="variablelist"><dl> 70<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt> 71<dd><p> 72 Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6. 73 <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually 74 exclusive. 75 </p></dd> 76<dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt> 77<dd><p> 78 Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4. 79 <code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually 80 exclusive. 81 </p></dd> 82<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt> 83<dd><p> 84 Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the 85 configuration file instead of the default, 86 <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>. To 87 ensure that reloading the configuration file continues 88 to work after the server has changed its working 89 directory due to to a possible 90 <code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration 91 file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be 92 an absolute pathname. 93 </p></dd> 94<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt> 95<dd><p> 96 Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>. 97 Debugging traces from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> become 98 more verbose as the debug level increases. 99 </p></dd> 100<dt><span class="term">-f</span></dt> 101<dd><p> 102 Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize). 103 </p></dd> 104<dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt> 105<dd><p> 106 Run the server in the foreground and force all logging 107 to <code class="filename">stderr</code>. 108 </p></dd> 109<dt><span class="term">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt> 110<dd><p> 111 Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are 112 <em class="replaceable"><code>usage</code></em>, 113 <em class="replaceable"><code>trace</code></em>, 114 <em class="replaceable"><code>record</code></em>, 115 <em class="replaceable"><code>size</code></em>, and 116 <em class="replaceable"><code>mctx</code></em>. 117 These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in 118 <code class="filename"><isc/mem.h></code>. 119 </p></dd> 120<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt> 121<dd><p> 122 Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads 123 to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified, 124 <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will try to determine the 125 number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU. 126 If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a 127 single worker thread will be created. 128 </p></dd> 129<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt> 130<dd><p> 131 Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>. If not 132 specified, the default is port 53. 133 </p></dd> 134<dt><span class="term">-s</span></dt> 135<dd> 136<p> 137 Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit. 138 </p> 139<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> 140<h3 class="title">Note</h3> 141<p> 142 This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers 143 and may be removed or changed in a future release. 144 </p> 145</div> 146</dd> 147<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt> 148<dd> 149<p>Chroot 150 to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after 151 processing the command line arguments, but before 152 reading the configuration file. 153 </p> 154<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> 155<h3 class="title">Warning</h3> 156<p> 157 This option should be used in conjunction with the 158 <code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process 159 running as root doesn't enhance security on most 160 systems; the way <code class="function">chroot(2)</code> is 161 defined allows a process with root privileges to 162 escape a chroot jail. 163 </p> 164</div> 165</dd> 166<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt> 167<dd> 168<p>Setuid 169 to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing 170 privileged operations, such as creating sockets that 171 listen on privileged ports. 172 </p> 173<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> 174<h3 class="title">Note</h3> 175<p> 176 On Linux, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> uses the kernel's 177 capability mechanism to drop all root privileges 178 except the ability to <code class="function">bind(2)</code> to 179 a 180 privileged port and set process resource limits. 181 Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code> 182 option only works when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is 183 run 184 on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or 185 later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges 186 to be retained after <code class="function">setuid(2)</code>. 187 </p> 188</div> 189</dd> 190<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt> 191<dd><p> 192 Report the version number and exit. 193 </p></dd> 194<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt> 195<dd> 196<p> 197 Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the 198 cache of the default view. 199 </p> 200<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> 201<h3 class="title">Warning</h3> 202<p> 203 This option must not be used. It is only of interest 204 to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a 205 future release. 206 </p> 207</div> 208</dd> 209</dl></div> 210</div> 211<div class="refsect1" lang="en"> 212<a name="id2604492"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2> 213<p> 214 In routine operation, signals should not be used to control 215 the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used 216 instead. 217 </p> 218<div class="variablelist"><dl> 219<dt><span class="term">SIGHUP</span></dt> 220<dd><p> 221 Force a reload of the server. 222 </p></dd> 223<dt><span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</span></dt> 224<dd><p> 225 Shut down the server. 226 </p></dd> 227</dl></div> 228<p> 229 The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined. 230 </p> 231</div> 232<div class="refsect1" lang="en"> 233<a name="id2604542"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2> 234<p> 235 The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex 236 to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided 237 in the 238 <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>. 239 </p> 240</div> 241<div class="refsect1" lang="en"> 242<a name="id2604562"></a><h2>FILES</h2> 243<div class="variablelist"><dl> 244<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt> 245<dd><p> 246 The default configuration file. 247 </p></dd> 248<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named.pid</code></span></dt> 249<dd><p> 250 The default process-id file. 251 </p></dd> 252</dl></div> 253</div> 254<div class="refsect1" lang="en"> 255<a name="id2604605"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2> 256<p><em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</em>, 257 <em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>, 258 <em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>, 259 <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkconf</span>(8)</span>, 260 <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkzone</span>(8)</span>, 261 <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>, 262 <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>(8)</span>, 263 <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>, 264 <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>. 265 </p> 266</div> 267<div class="refsect1" lang="en"> 268<a name="id2604881"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2> 269<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span> 270 </p> 271</div> 272</div> 273<div class="navfooter"> 274<hr> 275<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> 276<tr> 277<td width="40%" align="left"> 278<a accesskey="p" href="man.named-checkzone.html">Prev</a>�</td> 279<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">Up</a></td> 280<td width="40%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="man.rndc.html">Next</a> 281</td> 282</tr> 283<tr> 284<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"> 285<span class="application">named-checkzone</span>�</td> 286<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td> 287<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�<span class="application">rndc</span> 288</td> 289</tr> 290</table> 291</div> 292</body> 293</html> 294