Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
All rights reserved.
This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
by Andrew Brown and Jan Schaumann.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
$FreeBSD: head/usr.bin/stat/stat.1 267773 2014-06-23 08:23:05Z bapt $
.Dd April 22, 2012 .Dt STAT 1 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm stat , .Nm readlink .Nd display file status .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl FHLnq .Op Fl f Ar format | Fl l | r | s | x .Op Fl t Ar timefmt .Op Ar .Nm readlink .Op Fl fn .Op Ar .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm utility displays information about the file pointed to by .Ar file . Read, write, or execute permissions of the named file are not required, but all directories listed in the pathname leading to the file must be searchable. If no argument is given, .Nm displays information about the file descriptor for standard input.
p When invoked as .Nm readlink , only the target of the symbolic link is printed. If the given argument is not a symbolic link and the .Fl f option is not specified, .Nm readlink will print nothing and exit with an error. If the .Fl f option is specified, the output is canonicalized by following every symlink in every component of the given path recursively. .Nm readlink will resolve both absolute and relative paths, and return the absolute pathname corresponding to .Ar file . In this case, the argument does not need to be a symbolic link.
p The information displayed is obtained by calling .Xr lstat 2 with the given argument and evaluating the returned structure. The default format displays the .Fa st_dev , .Fa st_ino , .Fa st_mode , .Fa st_nlink , .Fa st_uid , .Fa st_gid , .Fa st_rdev , .Fa st_size , .Fa st_atime , .Fa st_mtime , .Fa st_ctime , .Fa st_birthtime , .Fa st_blksize , .Fa st_blocks , and .Fa st_flags fields, in that order.
p The options are as follows: l -tag -width indent t Fl F As in .Xr ls 1 , display a slash
q Ql / immediately after each pathname that is a directory, an asterisk
q Ql * after each that is executable, an at sign
q Ql @ after each symbolic link, a percent sign
q Ql % after each whiteout, an equal sign
q Ql = after each socket, and a vertical bar
q Ql | after each that is a FIFO. The use of .Fl F implies .Fl l . t Fl H Treat each argument as the hexadecimal representation of an NFS file handle, and use .Xr fhstat 2 instead of .Xr lstat 2 . This requires root privileges. t Fl L Use .Xr stat 2 instead of .Xr lstat 2 . The information reported by .Nm will refer to the target of .Ar file , if file is a symbolic link, and not to .Ar file itself. If the link is broken or the target does not exist, fall back on .Xr lstat 2 and report information about the link. t Fl n Do not force a newline to appear at the end of each piece of output. t Fl q Suppress failure messages if calls to .Xr stat 2 or .Xr lstat 2 fail. When run as .Nm readlink , error messages are automatically suppressed. t Fl f Ar format Display information using the specified format. See the .Sx Formats section for a description of valid formats. t Fl l Display output in .Nm ls Fl lT format. t Fl r Display raw information. That is, for all the fields in the .Vt stat structure, display the raw, numerical value (for example, times in seconds since the epoch, etc.). t Fl s Display information in .Dq shell output format, suitable for initializing variables. t Fl x Display information in a more verbose way as known from some .Tn Linux distributions. t Fl t Ar timefmt Display timestamps using the specified format. This format is passed directly to .Xr strftime 3 . .El .Ss Formats Format strings are similar to .Xr printf 3 formats in that they start with .Cm % , are then followed by a sequence of formatting characters, and end in a character that selects the field of the .Vt "struct stat" which is to be formatted. If the .Cm % is immediately followed by one of .Cm n , t , % , or .Cm @ , then a newline character, a tab character, a percent character, or the current file number is printed, otherwise the string is examined for the following:
p Any of the following optional flags: l -tag -width indent t Cm # Selects an alternate output form for octal and hexadecimal output. Non-zero octal output will have a leading zero, and non-zero hexadecimal output will have .Dq Li 0x prepended to it. t Cm + Asserts that a sign indicating whether a number is positive or negative should always be printed. Non-negative numbers are not usually printed with a sign. t Cm - Aligns string output to the left of the field, instead of to the right. t Cm 0 Sets the fill character for left padding to the .Ql 0 character, instead of a space. t space Reserves a space at the front of non-negative signed output fields. A .Sq Cm + overrides a space if both are used. .El
p Then the following fields: l -tag -width indent t Ar size An optional decimal digit string specifying the minimum field width. t Ar prec An optional precision composed of a decimal point .Sq Cm . and a decimal digit string that indicates the maximum string length, the number of digits to appear after the decimal point in floating point output, or the minimum number of digits to appear in numeric output. t Ar fmt An optional output format specifier which is one of .Cm D , O , U , X , F , or .Cm S . These represent signed decimal output, octal output, unsigned decimal output, hexadecimal output, floating point output, and string output, respectively. Some output formats do not apply to all fields. Floating point output only applies to .Vt timespec fields (the .Cm a , m , and .Cm c fields).
p The special output specifier .Cm S may be used to indicate that the output, if applicable, should be in string format. May be used in combination with: l -tag -width indent t Cm amc Display date in .Xr strftime 3 format. t Cm dr Display actual device name. t Cm f Display the flags of .Ar file as in .Nm ls Fl lTdo . t Cm gu Display group or user name. t Cm p Display the mode of .Ar file as in .Nm ls Fl lTd . t Cm N Displays the name of .Ar file . t Cm T Displays the type of .Ar file . t Cm Y Insert a .Dq Li " -\*[Gt] " into the output. Note that the default output format for .Cm Y is a string, but if specified explicitly, these four characters are prepended. .El t Ar sub An optional sub field specifier (high, middle, low). Only applies to the .Cm p , d , r , and .Cm T output formats. It can be one of the following: l -tag -width indent t Cm H .Dq High \[em] specifies the major number for devices from .Cm r or .Cm d , the .Dq user bits for permissions from the string form of .Cm p , the file .Dq type bits from the numeric forms of .Cm p , and the long output form of .Cm T . t Cm L .Dq Low \[em] specifies the minor number for devices from .Cm r or .Cm d , the .Dq other bits for permissions from the string form of .Cm p , the .Dq user , .Dq group , and .Dq other bits from the numeric forms of .Cm p , and the .Nm ls Fl F style output character for file type when used with .Cm T (the use of .Cm L for this is optional). t Cm M .Dq Middle \[em] specifies the .Dq group bits for permissions from the string output form of .Cm p , or the .Dq suid , .Dq sgid , and .Dq sticky bits for the numeric forms of .Cm p . .El t Ar datum A required field specifier, being one of the following: l -tag -width indent t Cm d Device upon which .Ar file resides
q Fa st_dev . t Cm i .Ar file Ns 's inode number
q Fa st_ino . t Cm p File type and permissions
q Fa st_mode . t Cm l Number of hard links to .Ar file
q Fa st_nlink . t Cm u , g User ID and group ID of .Ar file Ns 's owner
q Fa st_uid , st_gid . t Cm r Device number for character and block device special files
q Fa st_rdev . t Cm a , m , c , B The time .Ar file was last accessed or modified, or when the inode was last changed, or the birth time of the inode
q Fa st_atime , st_mtime , st_ctime , st_birthtime . t Cm z The size of .Ar file in bytes
q Fa st_size . t Cm b Number of blocks allocated for .Ar file
q Fa st_blocks . t Cm k Optimal file system I/O operation block size
q Fa st_blksize . t Cm f User defined flags for .Ar file . t Cm v Inode generation number
q Fa st_gen . .El
p The following five field specifiers are not drawn directly from the data in .Vt "struct stat" , but are: l -tag -width indent t Cm N The name of the file. t Cm R The absolute pathname corresponding to the file. t Cm T The file type, either as in .Nm ls Fl F or in a more descriptive form if the .Ar sub field specifier .Cm H is given. t Cm Y The target of a symbolic link. t Cm Z Expands to .Dq major,minor from the .Va rdev field for character or block special devices and gives size output for all others. .El .El
p Only the .Cm % and the field specifier are required. Most field specifiers default to .Cm U as an output form, with the exception of .Cm p which defaults to .Cm O ; .Cm a , m , and .Cm c which default to .Cm D ; and .Cm Y , T , and .Cm N which default to .Cm S . .Sh EXIT STATUS .Ex -std stat readlink .Sh EXAMPLES If no options are specified, the default format is "%d %i %Sp %l %Su %Sg %r %z \e"%Sa\e" \e"%Sm\e" \e"%Sc\e" \e"%SB\e" %k %b %#Xf %N". d -literal -offset indent \*[Gt] stat /tmp/bar 0 78852 -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 0 "Jul 8 10:26:03 2004" "Jul 8 10:26:03 2004" "Jul 8 10:28:13 2004" "Jan 1 09:00:00 1970" 16384 0 0 /tmp/bar .Ed
p Given a symbolic link .Dq foo that points from
a / , you would use .Nm as follows: d -literal -offset indent \*[Gt] stat -F /tmp/foo lrwxrwxrwx 1 jschauma cs 1 Apr 24 16:37:28 2002 /tmp/foo@ -\*[Gt] / \*[Gt] stat -LF /tmp/foo drwxr-xr-x 16 root wheel 512 Apr 19 10:57:54 2002 /tmp/foo/ .Ed
p To initialize some shell variables, you could use the .Fl s flag as follows: d -literal -offset indent \*[Gt] csh % eval set `stat -s .cshrc` % echo $st_size $st_mtimespec 1148 1015432481 \*[Gt] sh $ eval $(stat -s .profile) $ echo $st_size $st_mtimespec 1148 1015432481 .Ed
p In order to get a list of file types including files pointed to if the file is a symbolic link, you could use the following format: d -literal -offset indent $ stat -f "%N: %HT%SY" /tmp/* /tmp/bar: Symbolic Link -\*[Gt] /tmp/foo /tmp/output25568: Regular File /tmp/blah: Directory /tmp/foo: Symbolic Link -\*[Gt] / .Ed
p In order to get a list of the devices, their types and the major and minor device numbers, formatted with tabs and linebreaks, you could use the following format: d -literal -offset indent stat -f "Name: %N%n%tType: %HT%n%tMajor: %Hr%n%tMinor: %Lr%n%n" /dev/* [...] Name: /dev/wt8 Type: Block Device Major: 3 Minor: 8 Name: /dev/zero Type: Character Device Major: 2 Minor: 12 .Ed
p In order to determine the permissions set on a file separately, you could use the following format: d -literal -offset indent \*[Gt] stat -f "%Sp -\*[Gt] owner=%SHp group=%SMp other=%SLp" . drwxr-xr-x -\*[Gt] owner=rwx group=r-x other=r-x .Ed
p In order to determine the three files that have been modified most recently, you could use the following format: d -literal -offset indent \*[Gt] stat -f "%m%t%Sm %N" /tmp/* | sort -rn | head -3 | cut -f2- Apr 25 11:47:00 2002 /tmp/blah Apr 25 10:36:34 2002 /tmp/bar Apr 24 16:47:35 2002 /tmp/foo .Ed
p To display a file's modification time: d -literal -offset indent \*[Gt] stat -f %m /tmp/foo 1177697733 .Ed
p To display the same modification time in a readable format: d -literal -offset indent \*[Gt] stat -f %Sm /tmp/foo Apr 27 11:15:33 2007 .Ed
p To display the same modification time in a readable and sortable format: d -literal -offset indent \*[Gt] stat -f %Sm -t %Y%m%d%H%M%S /tmp/foo 20070427111533 .Ed
p To display the same in UTC: d -literal -offset indent \*[Gt] sh $ TZ= stat -f %Sm -t %Y%m%d%H%M%S /tmp/foo 20070427181533 .Ed .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr file 1 , .Xr ls 1 , .Xr lstat 2 , .Xr readlink 2 , .Xr stat 2 , .Xr printf 3 , .Xr strftime 3 .Sh HISTORY The .Nm utility appeared in .Nx 1.6 and .Fx 4.10 . .Sh AUTHORS .An -nosplit The .Nm utility was written by .An Andrew Brown Aq Mt atatat@NetBSD.org . This man page was written by .An Jan Schaumann Aq Mt jschauma@NetBSD.org .