route.c revision 1591
1157299Smarcel/* 2157299Smarcel * Copyright (c) 1983, 1988, 1993 3157299Smarcel * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4157299Smarcel * 5157299Smarcel * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6157299Smarcel * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7157299Smarcel * are met: 8157299Smarcel * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9157299Smarcel * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10157299Smarcel * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11157299Smarcel * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12157299Smarcel * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13157299Smarcel * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 14157299Smarcel * must display the following acknowledgement: 15157299Smarcel * This product includes software developed by the University of 16157299Smarcel * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 17157299Smarcel * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 18157299Smarcel * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 19157299Smarcel * without specific prior written permission. 20157299Smarcel * 21157299Smarcel * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 22157299Smarcel * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 23157299Smarcel * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 24157299Smarcel * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 25157299Smarcel * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 26157299Smarcel * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 27157299Smarcel * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 28157299Smarcel * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 29157299Smarcel * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 30157299Smarcel * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 31157299Smarcel * SUCH DAMAGE. 32157299Smarcel */ 33157299Smarcel 34157299Smarcel#ifndef lint 35157299Smarcelstatic char sccsid[] = "@(#)route.c 8.3 (Berkeley) 3/9/94"; 36157299Smarcel#endif /* not lint */ 37157299Smarcel 38157299Smarcel#include <sys/param.h> 39157299Smarcel#include <sys/protosw.h> 40157299Smarcel#include <sys/socket.h> 41157299Smarcel#include <sys/mbuf.h> 42157299Smarcel 43157299Smarcel#include <net/if.h> 44157299Smarcel#include <net/if_dl.h> 45157299Smarcel#include <net/if_types.h> 46157299Smarcel#define KERNEL 47157299Smarcel#include <net/route.h> 48157299Smarcel#undef KERNEL 49157299Smarcel#include <netinet/in.h> 50157299Smarcel 51157299Smarcel#include <netns/ns.h> 52157299Smarcel 53157299Smarcel#include <sys/sysctl.h> 54157299Smarcel 55253899Smarius#include <netdb.h> 56157299Smarcel#include <stdio.h> 57157299Smarcel#include <stdlib.h> 58157299Smarcel#include <string.h> 59157299Smarcel#include <unistd.h> 60157299Smarcel#include "netstat.h" 61157299Smarcel 62157299Smarcel#define kget(p, d) (kread((u_long)(p), (char *)&(d), sizeof (d))) 63157299Smarcel 64157299Smarcel/* 65160689Smarcel * Definitions for showing gateway flags. 66157299Smarcel */ 67157299Smarcelstruct bits { 68157299Smarcel short b_mask; 69157299Smarcel char b_val; 70157299Smarcel} bits[] = { 71157299Smarcel { RTF_UP, 'U' }, 72157299Smarcel { RTF_GATEWAY, 'G' }, 73157299Smarcel { RTF_HOST, 'H' }, 74157299Smarcel { RTF_REJECT, 'R' }, 75157299Smarcel { RTF_DYNAMIC, 'D' }, 76157299Smarcel { RTF_MODIFIED, 'M' }, 77157299Smarcel { RTF_DONE, 'd' }, /* Completed -- for routing messages only */ 78157299Smarcel { RTF_MASK, 'm' }, /* Mask Present -- for routing messages only */ 79253899Smarius { RTF_CLONING, 'C' }, 80157299Smarcel { RTF_XRESOLVE, 'X' }, 81157299Smarcel { RTF_LLINFO, 'L' }, 82157299Smarcel { RTF_STATIC, 'S' }, 83157299Smarcel { RTF_PROTO1, '1' }, 84157299Smarcel { RTF_PROTO2, '2' }, 85157299Smarcel { 0 } 86157299Smarcel}; 87157299Smarcel 88157299Smarcelstatic union { 89157299Smarcel struct sockaddr u_sa; 90157299Smarcel u_short u_data[128]; 91157299Smarcel} pt_u; 92157299Smarcel 93157299Smarcelint do_rtent = 0; 94157299Smarcelstruct rtentry rtentry; 95157299Smarcelstruct radix_node rnode; 96157299Smarcelstruct radix_mask rmask; 97157299Smarcel 98157299Smarcelint NewTree = 0; 99157299Smarcel 100157299Smarcelstatic struct sockaddr *kgetsa __P((struct sockaddr *)); 101157299Smarcelstatic void p_tree __P((struct radix_node *)); 102157299Smarcelstatic void p_rtnode __P(()); 103157299Smarcelstatic void ntreestuff __P(()); 104157299Smarcelstatic void np_rtentry __P((struct rt_msghdr *)); 105157299Smarcelstatic void p_sockaddr __P((struct sockaddr *, int, int)); 106157299Smarcelstatic void p_flags __P((int, char *)); 107157299Smarcelstatic void p_rtentry __P((struct rtentry *)); 108157299Smarcel 109157299Smarcel/* 110157299Smarcel * Print routing tables. 111157299Smarcel */ 112157299Smarcelvoid 113157299Smarcelroutepr(rtree) 114157299Smarcel u_long rtree; 115157299Smarcel{ 116157299Smarcel struct radix_node_head *rnh, head; 117157299Smarcel int i; 118157299Smarcel 119157299Smarcel printf("Routing tables\n"); 120157299Smarcel 121157299Smarcel if (Aflag == 0 && NewTree) 122157299Smarcel ntreestuff(); 123157299Smarcel else { 124157299Smarcel if (rtree == 0) { 125157299Smarcel printf("rt_tables: symbol not in namelist\n"); 126157299Smarcel return; 127157299Smarcel } 128157299Smarcel 129157299Smarcel kget(rtree, rt_tables); 130157299Smarcel for (i = 0; i <= AF_MAX; i++) { 131157299Smarcel if ((rnh = rt_tables[i]) == 0) 132157299Smarcel continue; 133157299Smarcel kget(rnh, head); 134157299Smarcel if (i == AF_UNSPEC) { 135157299Smarcel if (Aflag && af == 0) { 136157299Smarcel printf("Netmasks:\n"); 137157299Smarcel p_tree(head.rnh_treetop); 138157299Smarcel } 139157299Smarcel } else if (af == AF_UNSPEC || af == i) { 140260287Sdim pr_family(i); 141157299Smarcel do_rtent = 1; 142157299Smarcel pr_rthdr(); 143157299Smarcel p_tree(head.rnh_treetop); 144157299Smarcel } 145157299Smarcel } 146157299Smarcel } 147157299Smarcel} 148157299Smarcel 149157299Smarcel/* 150157299Smarcel * Print address family header before a section of the routing table. 151157299Smarcel */ 152157299Smarcelvoid 153157299Smarcelpr_family(af) 154157299Smarcel int af; 155157299Smarcel{ 156260287Sdim char *afname; 157157299Smarcel 158157299Smarcel switch (af) { 159157299Smarcel case AF_INET: 160157299Smarcel afname = "Internet"; 161157299Smarcel break; 162157299Smarcel case AF_NS: 163157299Smarcel afname = "XNS"; 164157299Smarcel break; 165157299Smarcel case AF_ISO: 166157299Smarcel afname = "ISO"; 167157299Smarcel break; 168157299Smarcel case AF_CCITT: 169157299Smarcel afname = "X.25"; 170157299Smarcel break; 171157299Smarcel default: 172157299Smarcel afname = NULL; 173157299Smarcel break; 174157299Smarcel } 175157299Smarcel if (afname) 176157299Smarcel printf("\n%s:\n", afname); 177253899Smarius else 178157299Smarcel printf("\nProtocol Family %d:\n", af); 179157299Smarcel} 180157299Smarcel 181157299Smarcel/* column widths; each followed by one space */ 182#define WID_DST 16 /* width of destination column */ 183#define WID_GW 18 /* width of gateway column */ 184 185/* 186 * Print header for routing table columns. 187 */ 188void 189pr_rthdr() 190{ 191 192 if (Aflag) 193 printf("%-8.8s ","Address"); 194 printf("%-*.*s %-*.*s %-6.6s %6.6s%8.8s %s\n", 195 WID_DST, WID_DST, "Destination", 196 WID_GW, WID_GW, "Gateway", 197 "Flags", "Refs", "Use", "Interface"); 198} 199 200static struct sockaddr * 201kgetsa(dst) 202 register struct sockaddr *dst; 203{ 204 205 kget(dst, pt_u.u_sa); 206 if (pt_u.u_sa.sa_len > sizeof (pt_u.u_sa)) 207 kread((u_long)dst, (char *)pt_u.u_data, pt_u.u_sa.sa_len); 208 return (&pt_u.u_sa); 209} 210 211static void 212p_tree(rn) 213 struct radix_node *rn; 214{ 215 216again: 217 kget(rn, rnode); 218 if (rnode.rn_b < 0) { 219 if (Aflag) 220 printf("%-8.8x ", rn); 221 if (rnode.rn_flags & RNF_ROOT) { 222 if (Aflag) 223 printf("(root node)%s", 224 rnode.rn_dupedkey ? " =>\n" : "\n"); 225 } else if (do_rtent) { 226 kget(rn, rtentry); 227 p_rtentry(&rtentry); 228 if (Aflag) 229 p_rtnode(); 230 } else { 231 p_sockaddr(kgetsa((struct sockaddr *)rnode.rn_key), 232 0, 44); 233 putchar('\n'); 234 } 235 if (rn = rnode.rn_dupedkey) 236 goto again; 237 } else { 238 if (Aflag && do_rtent) { 239 printf("%-8.8x ", rn); 240 p_rtnode(); 241 } 242 rn = rnode.rn_r; 243 p_tree(rnode.rn_l); 244 p_tree(rn); 245 } 246} 247 248char nbuf[20]; 249 250static void 251p_rtnode() 252{ 253 struct radix_mask *rm = rnode.rn_mklist; 254 255 if (rnode.rn_b < 0) { 256 if (rnode.rn_mask) { 257 printf("\t mask "); 258 p_sockaddr(kgetsa((struct sockaddr *)rnode.rn_mask), 259 0, -1); 260 } else if (rm == 0) 261 return; 262 } else { 263 sprintf(nbuf, "(%d)", rnode.rn_b); 264 printf("%6.6s %8.8x : %8.8x", nbuf, rnode.rn_l, rnode.rn_r); 265 } 266 while (rm) { 267 kget(rm, rmask); 268 sprintf(nbuf, " %d refs, ", rmask.rm_refs); 269 printf(" mk = %8.8x {(%d),%s", 270 rm, -1 - rmask.rm_b, rmask.rm_refs ? nbuf : " "); 271 p_sockaddr(kgetsa((struct sockaddr *)rmask.rm_mask), 0, -1); 272 putchar('}'); 273 if (rm = rmask.rm_mklist) 274 printf(" ->"); 275 } 276 putchar('\n'); 277} 278 279static void 280ntreestuff() 281{ 282 size_t needed; 283 int mib[6]; 284 char *buf, *next, *lim; 285 register struct rt_msghdr *rtm; 286 287 mib[0] = CTL_NET; 288 mib[1] = PF_ROUTE; 289 mib[2] = 0; 290 mib[3] = 0; 291 mib[4] = NET_RT_DUMP; 292 mib[5] = 0; 293 if (sysctl(mib, 6, NULL, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0) 294 { perror("route-sysctl-estimate"); exit(1);} 295 if ((buf = malloc(needed)) == 0) 296 { printf("out of space\n"); exit(1);} 297 if (sysctl(mib, 6, buf, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0) 298 { perror("sysctl of routing table"); exit(1);} 299 lim = buf + needed; 300 for (next = buf; next < lim; next += rtm->rtm_msglen) { 301 rtm = (struct rt_msghdr *)next; 302 np_rtentry(rtm); 303 } 304} 305 306static void 307np_rtentry(rtm) 308 register struct rt_msghdr *rtm; 309{ 310 register struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)(rtm + 1); 311#ifdef notdef 312 static int masks_done, banner_printed; 313#endif 314 static int old_af; 315 int af = 0, interesting = RTF_UP | RTF_GATEWAY | RTF_HOST; 316 317#ifdef notdef 318 /* for the moment, netmasks are skipped over */ 319 if (!banner_printed) { 320 printf("Netmasks:\n"); 321 banner_printed = 1; 322 } 323 if (masks_done == 0) { 324 if (rtm->rtm_addrs != RTA_DST ) { 325 masks_done = 1; 326 af = sa->sa_family; 327 } 328 } else 329#endif 330 af = sa->sa_family; 331 if (af != old_af) { 332 pr_family(af); 333 old_af = af; 334 } 335 if (rtm->rtm_addrs == RTA_DST) 336 p_sockaddr(sa, 0, 36); 337 else { 338 p_sockaddr(sa, rtm->rtm_flags, 16); 339 if (sa->sa_len == 0) 340 sa->sa_len = sizeof(long); 341 sa = (struct sockaddr *)(sa->sa_len + (char *)sa); 342 p_sockaddr(sa, 0, 18); 343 } 344 p_flags(rtm->rtm_flags & interesting, "%-6.6s "); 345 putchar('\n'); 346} 347 348static void 349p_sockaddr(sa, flags, width) 350 struct sockaddr *sa; 351 int flags, width; 352{ 353 char workbuf[128], *cplim; 354 register char *cp = workbuf; 355 356 switch(sa->sa_family) { 357 case AF_INET: 358 { 359 register struct sockaddr_in *sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)sa; 360 361 cp = (sin->sin_addr.s_addr == 0) ? "default" : 362 ((flags & RTF_HOST) ? 363 routename(sin->sin_addr.s_addr) : 364 netname(sin->sin_addr.s_addr, 0L)); 365 break; 366 } 367 368 case AF_NS: 369 cp = ns_print(sa); 370 break; 371 372 case AF_LINK: 373 { 374 register struct sockaddr_dl *sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)sa; 375 376 if (sdl->sdl_nlen == 0 && sdl->sdl_alen == 0 && 377 sdl->sdl_slen == 0) 378 (void) sprintf(workbuf, "link#%d", sdl->sdl_index); 379 else switch (sdl->sdl_type) { 380 case IFT_ETHER: 381 { 382 register int i; 383 register u_char *lla = (u_char *)sdl->sdl_data + 384 sdl->sdl_nlen; 385 386 cplim = ""; 387 for (i = 0; i < sdl->sdl_alen; i++, lla++) { 388 cp += sprintf(cp, "%s%x", cplim, *lla); 389 cplim = ":"; 390 } 391 cp = workbuf; 392 break; 393 } 394 default: 395 cp = link_ntoa(sdl); 396 break; 397 } 398 break; 399 } 400 401 default: 402 { 403 register u_char *s = (u_char *)sa->sa_data, *slim; 404 405 slim = sa->sa_len + (u_char *) sa; 406 cplim = cp + sizeof(workbuf) - 6; 407 cp += sprintf(cp, "(%d)", sa->sa_family); 408 while (s < slim && cp < cplim) { 409 cp += sprintf(cp, " %02x", *s++); 410 if (s < slim) 411 cp += sprintf(cp, "%02x", *s++); 412 } 413 cp = workbuf; 414 } 415 } 416 if (width < 0 ) 417 printf("%s ", cp); 418 else { 419 if (nflag) 420 printf("%-*s ", width, cp); 421 else 422 printf("%-*.*s ", width, width, cp); 423 } 424} 425 426static void 427p_flags(f, format) 428 register int f; 429 char *format; 430{ 431 char name[33], *flags; 432 register struct bits *p = bits; 433 434 for (flags = name; p->b_mask; p++) 435 if (p->b_mask & f) 436 *flags++ = p->b_val; 437 *flags = '\0'; 438 printf(format, name); 439} 440 441static void 442p_rtentry(rt) 443 register struct rtentry *rt; 444{ 445 static struct ifnet ifnet, *lastif; 446 static char name[16]; 447 448 p_sockaddr(kgetsa(rt_key(rt)), rt->rt_flags, WID_DST); 449 p_sockaddr(kgetsa(rt->rt_gateway), RTF_HOST, WID_GW); 450 p_flags(rt->rt_flags, "%-6.6s "); 451 printf("%6d %8d ", rt->rt_refcnt, rt->rt_use); 452 if (rt->rt_ifp) { 453 if (rt->rt_ifp != lastif) { 454 kget(rt->rt_ifp, ifnet); 455 kread((u_long)ifnet.if_name, name, 16); 456 lastif = rt->rt_ifp; 457 } 458 printf(" %.15s%d%s", name, ifnet.if_unit, 459 rt->rt_nodes[0].rn_dupedkey ? " =>" : ""); 460 } 461 putchar('\n'); 462} 463 464char * 465routename(in) 466 u_long in; 467{ 468 register char *cp; 469 static char line[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1]; 470 struct hostent *hp; 471 static char domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1]; 472 static int first = 1; 473 474 if (first) { 475 first = 0; 476 if (gethostname(domain, MAXHOSTNAMELEN) == 0 && 477 (cp = index(domain, '.'))) 478 (void) strcpy(domain, cp + 1); 479 else 480 domain[0] = 0; 481 } 482 cp = 0; 483 if (!nflag) { 484 hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&in, sizeof (struct in_addr), 485 AF_INET); 486 if (hp) { 487 if ((cp = index(hp->h_name, '.')) && 488 !strcmp(cp + 1, domain)) 489 *cp = 0; 490 cp = hp->h_name; 491 } 492 } 493 if (cp) 494 strncpy(line, cp, sizeof(line) - 1); 495 else { 496#define C(x) ((x) & 0xff) 497 in = ntohl(in); 498 sprintf(line, "%u.%u.%u.%u", 499 C(in >> 24), C(in >> 16), C(in >> 8), C(in)); 500 } 501 return (line); 502} 503 504/* 505 * Return the name of the network whose address is given. 506 * The address is assumed to be that of a net or subnet, not a host. 507 */ 508char * 509netname(in, mask) 510 u_long in, mask; 511{ 512 char *cp = 0; 513 static char line[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1]; 514 struct netent *np = 0; 515 u_long net; 516 register int i; 517 int subnetshift; 518 519 i = ntohl(in); 520 if (!nflag && i) { 521 if (mask == 0) { 522 if (IN_CLASSA(i)) { 523 mask = IN_CLASSA_NET; 524 subnetshift = 8; 525 } else if (IN_CLASSB(i)) { 526 mask = IN_CLASSB_NET; 527 subnetshift = 8; 528 } else { 529 mask = IN_CLASSC_NET; 530 subnetshift = 4; 531 } 532 /* 533 * If there are more bits than the standard mask 534 * would suggest, subnets must be in use. 535 * Guess at the subnet mask, assuming reasonable 536 * width subnet fields. 537 */ 538 while (i &~ mask) 539 mask = (long)mask >> subnetshift; 540 } 541 net = i & mask; 542 while ((mask & 1) == 0) 543 mask >>= 1, net >>= 1; 544 np = getnetbyaddr(net, AF_INET); 545 if (np) 546 cp = np->n_name; 547 } 548 if (cp) 549 strncpy(line, cp, sizeof(line) - 1); 550 else if ((i & 0xffffff) == 0) 551 sprintf(line, "%u", C(i >> 24)); 552 else if ((i & 0xffff) == 0) 553 sprintf(line, "%u.%u", C(i >> 24) , C(i >> 16)); 554 else if ((i & 0xff) == 0) 555 sprintf(line, "%u.%u.%u", C(i >> 24), C(i >> 16), C(i >> 8)); 556 else 557 sprintf(line, "%u.%u.%u.%u", C(i >> 24), 558 C(i >> 16), C(i >> 8), C(i)); 559 return (line); 560} 561 562/* 563 * Print routing statistics 564 */ 565void 566rt_stats(off) 567 u_long off; 568{ 569 struct rtstat rtstat; 570 571 if (off == 0) { 572 printf("rtstat: symbol not in namelist\n"); 573 return; 574 } 575 kread(off, (char *)&rtstat, sizeof (rtstat)); 576 printf("routing:\n"); 577 printf("\t%u bad routing redirect%s\n", 578 rtstat.rts_badredirect, plural(rtstat.rts_badredirect)); 579 printf("\t%u dynamically created route%s\n", 580 rtstat.rts_dynamic, plural(rtstat.rts_dynamic)); 581 printf("\t%u new gateway%s due to redirects\n", 582 rtstat.rts_newgateway, plural(rtstat.rts_newgateway)); 583 printf("\t%u destination%s found unreachable\n", 584 rtstat.rts_unreach, plural(rtstat.rts_unreach)); 585 printf("\t%u use%s of a wildcard route\n", 586 rtstat.rts_wildcard, plural(rtstat.rts_wildcard)); 587} 588short ns_nullh[] = {0,0,0}; 589short ns_bh[] = {-1,-1,-1}; 590 591char * 592ns_print(sa) 593 register struct sockaddr *sa; 594{ 595 register struct sockaddr_ns *sns = (struct sockaddr_ns*)sa; 596 struct ns_addr work; 597 union { union ns_net net_e; u_long long_e; } net; 598 u_short port; 599 static char mybuf[50], cport[10], chost[25]; 600 char *host = ""; 601 register char *p; register u_char *q; 602 603 work = sns->sns_addr; 604 port = ntohs(work.x_port); 605 work.x_port = 0; 606 net.net_e = work.x_net; 607 if (ns_nullhost(work) && net.long_e == 0) { 608 if (port ) { 609 sprintf(mybuf, "*.%xH", port); 610 upHex(mybuf); 611 } else 612 sprintf(mybuf, "*.*"); 613 return (mybuf); 614 } 615 616 if (bcmp(ns_bh, work.x_host.c_host, 6) == 0) { 617 host = "any"; 618 } else if (bcmp(ns_nullh, work.x_host.c_host, 6) == 0) { 619 host = "*"; 620 } else { 621 q = work.x_host.c_host; 622 sprintf(chost, "%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02xH", 623 q[0], q[1], q[2], q[3], q[4], q[5]); 624 for (p = chost; *p == '0' && p < chost + 12; p++) 625 continue; 626 host = p; 627 } 628 if (port) 629 sprintf(cport, ".%xH", htons(port)); 630 else 631 *cport = 0; 632 633 sprintf(mybuf,"%xH.%s%s", ntohl(net.long_e), host, cport); 634 upHex(mybuf); 635 return(mybuf); 636} 637 638char * 639ns_phost(sa) 640 struct sockaddr *sa; 641{ 642 register struct sockaddr_ns *sns = (struct sockaddr_ns *)sa; 643 struct sockaddr_ns work; 644 static union ns_net ns_zeronet; 645 char *p; 646 647 work = *sns; 648 work.sns_addr.x_port = 0; 649 work.sns_addr.x_net = ns_zeronet; 650 651 p = ns_print((struct sockaddr *)&work); 652 if (strncmp("0H.", p, 3) == 0) p += 3; 653 return(p); 654} 655 656void 657upHex(p0) 658 char *p0; 659{ 660 register char *p = p0; 661 for (; *p; p++) switch (*p) { 662 663 case 'a': case 'b': case 'c': case 'd': case 'e': case 'f': 664 *p += ('A' - 'a'); 665 } 666} 667