calendars revision 325324
1325324Sgordon----- Calendrical issues ----- 2325324Sgordon 3325324SgordonAs mentioned in Theory.html, although calendrical issues are out of 4325324Sgordonscope for tzdb, they indicate the sort of problems that we would run 5325324Sgordoninto if we extended tzdb further into the past. The following 6325324Sgordoninformation and sources go beyond Theory.html's brief discussion. 7325324SgordonThey sometimes disagree. 8325324Sgordon 9325324Sgordon 10325324SgordonFrance 11325324Sgordon 12325324SgordonGregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20. 13325324SgordonFrench Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31, 14325324Sgordonand (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23. 15325324Sgordon 16325324Sgordon 17325324SgordonRussia 18325324Sgordon 19325324SgordonFrom Chris Carrier (1996-12-02): 20325324SgordonOn 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an "Eternal Calendar" 21325324Sgordonwith 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week. 22325324SgordonOn 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the 23325324SgordonGregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it 24325324Sgordonreverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days 25325324Sgordonoff were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. 26325324Sgordon(Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_) 27325324Sgordon 28325324Sgordon 29325324SgordonMark Brader reported a similar story in "The Book of Calendars", edited 30325324Sgordonby Frank Parise (1982, Facts on File, ISBN 0-8719-6467-8), page 377. But: 31325324Sgordon 32325324SgordonFrom: Petteri Sulonen (via Usenet) 33325324SgordonDate: 14 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT 34325324Sgordon... 35325324Sgordon 36325324SgordonIf your source is correct, how come documents between 1929 and 1940 were 37325324Sgordonstill dated using the conventional, Gregorian calendar? 38325324Sgordon 39325324SgordonI can post a scan of a document dated December 1, 1934, signed by 40325324SgordonYenukidze, the secretary, on behalf of Kalinin, the President of the 41325324SgordonExecutive Committee of the Supreme Soviet, if you like. 42325324Sgordon 43325324Sgordon 44325324Sgordon 45325324SgordonSweden (and Finland) 46325324Sgordon 47325324SgordonFrom: Mark Brader 48325324SgordonSubject: Re: Gregorian reform - a part of locale? 49325324Sgordon<news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com> 50325324SgordonDate: 1996-07-06 51325324Sgordon 52325324SgordonIn 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden 53325324Sgordondecided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of 54325324Sgordonthose unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap 55325324Sgordonyear after 1696 would be in 1744 - putting the whole country on a calendar 56325324Sgordondifferent from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years. 57325324Sgordon 58325324SgordonHowever, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through; 59325324Sgordonthey did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712 60325324Sgordonthey gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that 61325324Sgordonyear!... 62325324Sgordon 63325324SgordonThen in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner, 64325324Sgordongetting there only 13 years behind the original schedule. 65325324Sgordon 66325324Sgordon(A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers 67325324Sgordonproduced the following references to support it: "Tider��kning och historia" 68325324Sgordonby Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tider��kning och 69325324Sgordonkalenderv��sen" by Lars-Olof Lod��n (1968). 70325324Sgordon 71325324Sgordon 72325324SgordonGrotefend's data 73325324Sgordon 74325324SgordonFrom: "Michael Palmer" [with one obvious typo fixed] 75325324SgordonSubject: Re: Gregorian Calendar (was Re: Another FHC related question 76325324SgordonNewsgroups: soc.genealogy.german 77325324SgordonDate: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 02:32:48 -800 78325324Sgordon... 79325324Sgordon 80325324SgordonThe following is a(n incomplete) listing, arranged chronologically, of 81325324SgordonEuropean states, with the date they converted from the Julian to the 82325324SgordonGregorian calendar: 83325324Sgordon 84325324Sgordon04/15 Oct 1582 - Italy (with exceptions), Spain, Portugal, Poland (Roman 85325324Sgordon Catholics and Danzig only) 86325324Sgordon09/20 Dec 1582 - France, Lorraine 87325324Sgordon 88325324Sgordon21 Dec 1582/ 89325324Sgordon 01 Jan 1583 - Holland, Brabant, Flanders, Hennegau 90325324Sgordon10/21 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Liege (L��ttich) 91325324Sgordon13/24 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Augsburg 92325324Sgordon04/15 Oct 1583 - electorate of Trier 93325324Sgordon05/16 Oct 1583 - Bavaria, bishoprics of Freising, Eichstedt, Regensburg, 94325324Sgordon Salzburg, Brixen 95325324Sgordon13/24 Oct 1583 - Austrian Oberelsa�� and Breisgau 96325324Sgordon20/31 Oct 1583 - bishopric of Basel 97325324Sgordon02/13 Nov 1583 - duchy of J��lich-Berg 98325324Sgordon02/13 Nov 1583 - electorate and city of K��ln 99325324Sgordon04/15 Nov 1583 - bishopric of W��rzburg 100325324Sgordon11/22 Nov 1583 - electorate of Mainz 101325324Sgordon16/27 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Strassburg and the margraviate of Baden 102325324Sgordon17/28 Nov 1583 - bishopric of M��nster and duchy of Cleve 103325324Sgordon14/25 Dec 1583 - Steiermark 104325324Sgordon 105325324Sgordon06/17 Jan 1584 - Austria and Bohemia 106325324Sgordon11/22 Jan 1584 - Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Zug, Freiburg, Solothurn 107325324Sgordon12/23 Jan 1584 - Silesia and the Lausitz 108325324Sgordon22 Jan/ 109325324Sgordon 02 Feb 1584 - Hungary (legally on 21 Oct 1587) 110325324Sgordon Jun 1584 - Unterwalden 111325324Sgordon01/12 Jul 1584 - duchy of Westfalen 112325324Sgordon 113325324Sgordon16/27 Jun 1585 - bishopric of Paderborn 114325324Sgordon 115325324Sgordon14/25 Dec 1590 - Transylvania 116325324Sgordon 117325324Sgordon22 Aug/ 118325324Sgordon 02 Sep 1612 - duchy of Prussia 119325324Sgordon 120325324Sgordon13/24 Dec 1614 - Pfalz-Neuburg 121325324Sgordon 122325324Sgordon 1617 - duchy of Kurland (reverted to the Julian calendar in 123325324Sgordon 1796) 124325324Sgordon 125325324Sgordon 1624 - bishopric of Osnabr��ck 126325324Sgordon 127325324Sgordon 1630 - bishopric of Minden 128325324Sgordon 129325324Sgordon15/26 Mar 1631 - bishopric of Hildesheim 130325324Sgordon 131325324Sgordon 1655 - Kanton Wallis 132325324Sgordon 133325324Sgordon05/16 Feb 1682 - city of Strassburg 134325324Sgordon 135325324Sgordon18 Feb/ 136325324Sgordon 01 Mar 1700 - Protestant Germany (including Swedish possessions in 137325324Sgordon Germany), Denmark, Norway 138325324Sgordon30 Jun/ 139325324Sgordon 12 Jul 1700 - Gelderland, Zutphen 140325324Sgordon10 Nov/ 141325324Sgordon 12 Dec 1700 - Utrecht, Overijssel 142325324Sgordon 143325324Sgordon31 Dec 1700/ 144325324Sgordon 12 Jan 1701 - Friesland, Groningen, Z��rich, Bern, Basel, Geneva, 145325324Sgordon Turgau, and Schaffhausen 146325324Sgordon 147325324Sgordon 1724 - Glarus, Appenzell, and the city of St. Gallen 148325324Sgordon 149325324Sgordon01 Jan 1750 - Pisa and Florence 150325324Sgordon 151325324Sgordon02/14 Sep 1752 - Great Britain 152325324Sgordon 153325324Sgordon17 Feb/ 154325324Sgordon 01 Mar 1753 - Sweden 155325324Sgordon 156325324Sgordon1760-1812 - Graub��nden 157325324Sgordon 158325324SgordonThe Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not 159325324Sgordonconvert to the Gregorian calendar until the Soviet revolution of 1917. 160325324Sgordon 161325324SgordonSource: H. Grotefend, _Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen 162325324SgordonMittelalters und der Neuzeit_, herausgegeben von Dr. O. Grotefend 163325324Sgordon(Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1941), pp. 26-28. 164325324Sgordon 165325324Sgordon----- 166325324Sgordon 167325324SgordonThis file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by 168325324SgordonArthur David Olson. 169325324Sgordon 170325324Sgordon----- 171325324SgordonLocal Variables: 172325324Sgordoncoding: utf-8 173325324SgordonEnd: 174