australasia revision 75267
1# @(#)australasia 7.64 2# This file also includes Pacific islands. 3# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/australasia 75267 2001-04-06 16:46:52Z wollman $ 4# Notes are at the end of this file 5 6############################################################################### 7 8# Australia 9 10# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 12Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 13Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 14Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 15Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 16Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 17Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 18# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 19# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 20# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 21 22# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 23# Northern Territory 24Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 25 9:00 - CST 1899 May 26 9:30 Aus CST 27# Western Australia 28Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 29 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 30 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s 31 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 32 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s 33 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 34 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s 35 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 36 8:00 - WST 37# Queensland 38# 39# From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01): 40# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 41# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 42# Queensland ceased to. 43# 44# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 45# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 46# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 47# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 48# so use Lindeman. 49# 50# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 51Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 52Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 53Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 54Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 55Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 56Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 57Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 58 10:00 Aus EST 1971 59 10:00 AQ EST 60Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 61 10:00 Aus EST 1971 62 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 63 10:00 Holiday EST 64 65# South Australia 66# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 67Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 68Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 69Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 71Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 72Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 73Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 74Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 75Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 76Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 77Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 78Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 79# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 80Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 81 9:00 - CST 1899 May 82 9:30 Aus CST 1971 83 9:30 AS CST 84 85# Tasmania 86# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 87Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 88Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 90Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 96Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 97Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 98Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 99Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 100Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 101Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 102Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 103# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 104Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 105 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 106 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 107 10:00 Aus EST 1967 108 10:00 AT EST 109 110# Victoria 111# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 112Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 113Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 117Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 118Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 119Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 120Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 121Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 123Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 124 10:00 Aus EST 1971 125 10:00 AV EST 126 127# New South Wales 128# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 129Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 130Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 131Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 132Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 133Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 134Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 135Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 136Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 137Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 138Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 139Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 140Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 141# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 142Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 143 10:00 Aus EST 1971 144 10:00 AN EST 145Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 146 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 147 9:00 - CST 1899 May 148 9:30 Aus CST 1971 149 9:30 AN CST 2000 150 9:30 AS CST 151 152# Lord Howe Island 153# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 154Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 155Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 156Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 157Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 158Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 159Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 160Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 161Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 162Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 163Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 164Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 165 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 166 10:30 LH LHST 167 168# Australian miscellany 169# 170# Ashmore Is, Cartier 171# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 172# like Australia/Perth, says Turner 173# 174# Coral Sea Is 175# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 176# no information 177# 178# Macquarie 179# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 180# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 181# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner 182 183# Christmas 184# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 185Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 186 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 187 188# Cook Is 189# From Shanks: 190# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 191Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 192Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 193Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 194# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 195Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 196 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 197 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 198 199# Cocos 200# From USNO (1989): 201# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 202Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 203 204# Fiji 205# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 206Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 207Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 208# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 209Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 210 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 211 212# French Polynesia 213# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 214Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 215 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 216Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 217 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 218Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 219 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 220# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 221# it is uninhabited. 222 223# Guam 224# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 225Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 226 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 227 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 228 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 229 230# Kiribati 231# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 232Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 233 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 234Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 235 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 236 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 237 13:00 - PHOT 238Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 239 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 240 -10:00 - LINT 1995 241 14:00 - LINT 242 243# N Mariana Is 244# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 245Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 246 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 247 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 248 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 249 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 250 251# Marshall Is 252# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 253Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 254 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 255 12:00 - MHT 256Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 257 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 258 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 259 12:00 - MHT 260 261# Micronesia 262# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 263Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia 264 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time 265 10:00 - YAPT 266Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 267 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 268Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 269 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 270Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 271 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 272 12:00 - KOST 1999 273 11:00 - KOST 274 275# Nauru 276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 277Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 278 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 279 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 280 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 281 12:00 - NRT 282 283# New Caledonia 284# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 285Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 286Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 287Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 288# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 289Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 290# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 291Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 292 11:00 NC NC%sT 293 294 295############################################################################### 296 297# New Zealand 298 299# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 300# Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17, 301# 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman. 302Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD 303Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 304Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD 305Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD 306Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 307Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD 308# Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset 309# didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks. 310Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S 311Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD 312Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 313Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 314Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 315Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 316Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 317Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 318Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 319Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 320Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 321# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 322Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 323 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00 324 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 325Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 326 327 328# Auckland Is 329# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 330# and scientific personnel have wintered 331 332# Campbell I 333# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 334# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 335# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 336# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 337 338############################################################################### 339 340 341# Niue 342# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 343Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 344 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 345 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 346 -11:00 - NUT 347 348# Norfolk 349# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 350Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 351 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 352 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 353 354# Palau (Belau) 355# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 357 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 358 359# Papua New Guinea 360# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 361Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 362 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 363 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 364 365# Pitcairn 366# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 367Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 368 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 369 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 370 371# American Samoa 372Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 373 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 374 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 375 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 376 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 377 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 378 379# W Samoa 380Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 381 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 382 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 383 -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time 384 385# Solomon Is 386# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 387# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 388Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 389 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 390 391# Tokelau Is 392# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 394 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 395 396# Tonga 397# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 398Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 399Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 400Rule Tonga 2000 only - Nov 4 2:00s 1:00 S 401Rule Tonga 2001 only - Jan 27 2:00s 0 - 402# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 403Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 404 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 405 13:00 - TOT 1999 406 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 407 408# Tuvalu 409# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 410Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 411 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 412 413 414# US minor outlying islands 415 416# Howland, Baker 417# uninhabited since World War II 418# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 419 420# Jarvis 421# uninhabited since 1958 422# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 423 424# Johnston 425# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 426Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 427 428# Kingman 429# uninhabited 430 431# Midway 432Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 433 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 434 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 435 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 436 437# Palmyra 438# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 439 440# Wake 441# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 442Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 443 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 444 445 446# Vanuatu 447# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 448Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 449Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 450Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 451Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 452Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 453Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 454# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 455Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 456 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 457 458# Wallis and Futuna 459# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 460Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 461 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 462 463############################################################################### 464 465# NOTES 466 467# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 468# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 469# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 470 471# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 472# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 473# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 474# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 475# 476# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source 477# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 478# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 479# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 480# of the IATA's data after 1990. 481# 482# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 483# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 484# 485# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 486# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 487# I found in the UCLA library. 488# 489# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 490# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 491# 492# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 493# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 494# Corrections are welcome! 495# std dst 496# LMT Local Mean Time 497# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 498# 9:00 JST Japan 499# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 500# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 501# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 502# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 503# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 504# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 505# -11:00 SST Samoa 506# -10:00 HST Hawaii 507# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 508# 509# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 510# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 511 512############################################################################### 513 514# Australia 515 516# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 517# Australia's Daylight Saving Times 518# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 519 520# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 521# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 522# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 523# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 524# abbreviation does _not_ change... 525# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 526# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 527# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 528# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 529# time'. 530# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 531# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 532# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 533# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 534# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 535# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 536# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 537 538# From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992): 539# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 540# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 541# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 542# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 543 544# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 545# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 546# Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper 547# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 548# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 549# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 550# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 551 552# From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05): 553# 554# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 555# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 556# relevant entries in this database. 557# 558# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 559# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 560# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 561# </a> 562# ACT 563# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 564# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 565# </a> 566# SA 567# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 568# Standard Time Act, 1898 569# </a> 570 571# Northern Territory 572 573# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 574# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 575# # [ Nov 1990 ] 576# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 577# ... 578# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 579 580# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 581# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 582# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 583 584# Western Australia 585 586# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 587# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 588# # [ Nov 1990 ] 589# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 590# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 591# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 592# # before reaching parliament. 593# ... 594# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 595# ... 596# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 597# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 598# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 599# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 600 601# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 602# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 603# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 604 605# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 606# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 607# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 608# work at 9.00am.) 609# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 610# everybody again. 611 612# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 613# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 614# it matches what was used in the past. 615 616# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 617# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 618# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 619# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 620 621# Queensland 622# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 623# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 624# # [ Dec 1990 ] 625# ... 626# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 627# ... 628# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 629# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 630# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 631# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 632 633# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 634# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 635# October 1989). 636 637# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 638# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 639# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 640# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 641 642# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 643# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 644# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 645# me.) 646 647# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 648# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 649# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 650# ... 651# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 652# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 653# ... 654 655# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 656# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 657 658# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 659 660# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 661# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 662# There are lots of differences between these rules and 663# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 664# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 665# current DST ending dates, no worries. 666# 667# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 668# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 - 669# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 670# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 671# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - 672# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 673# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 674# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 675# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00 676# 10:00 Oz EST 677 678# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 679# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 680# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 681# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 682# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 683# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 684# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 685 686# South Australia 687 688# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 689# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 690# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 691# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 692 693# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 694# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 695# # [ Nov 1990 ] 696# ... 697# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 698# ... 699# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 700# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 701# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C 702# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 703 704# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 705# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 706# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 707# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 708 709# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 710# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 711# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 712# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 713# is on... 714 715# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 716# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 717# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 718# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 719 720# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 721# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 722# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 723# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 724 725# From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07): 726# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 727# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 728# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 729 730# Tasmania 731 732# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 733# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 734# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 735# # [ Nov 1990 ] 736 737# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 738# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 739# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 740# (but nothing new about that). 741 742# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 743# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 744# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 745# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 746# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 747# instead of the first Sunday in October. 748 749# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 750# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 751 752# Victoria 753 754# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 755# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 756# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 757# # [ Nov 1990 ] 758 759# New South Wales 760 761# From Arthur David Olson: 762# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 763# Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz), 764# who notes: 765# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 766# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 767# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 768# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 769# legislation. This is very important to understand. 770# I have researched New South Wales time only... 771 772# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 773# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission 774# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm"> 775# Daylight Saving 776# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST. 777# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department 778# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See: 779# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2"> 780# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales 781# </a> 782 783# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26): 784# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 785# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 786# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 787# Two months more daylight saving 788# </a> 789# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 790 791# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 792# See the following official NSW source: 793# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 794# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 795# </a> 796# 797# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 798# daylight saving next year. See: 799# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 800# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 801# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 802# 803# Victoria will following NSW. See: 804# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 805# Vic to extend daylight saving 806# </a> (1999-07-28). 807# 808# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 809# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 810# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 811# </a> (1999-07-19). 812# 813# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 814# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 815# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 816# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 817# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 818# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 819# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 820# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 821# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 822# 823# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 824# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 825# Broken Hill to be behind the times 826# </a> (1999-07-21). 827 828# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 829# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 830# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 831 832# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 833# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 834# towns to use Queensland time. 835 836# Yancowinna 837 838# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 839# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 840 841# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 842# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 843# # [ Dec 1990 ] 844# ... 845# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 846# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 847# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 848# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 849# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 850# # presently available. 851# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 852# ... 853# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 854# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 855# [followed by other Rules] 856 857# Lord Howe Island 858 859# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 860# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ] 861# [ Dec 1990 ] 862# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 863# hour ahead of NSW time. 864 865# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 866# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 867# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 868# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 869# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 870# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 871# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 872# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 873# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 874# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 875 876# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 877# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 878# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 879# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 880# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 881# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 882 883# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09): 884# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter. 885# For times we use Lonergan. 886 887############################################################################### 888 889# New Zealand 890 891# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 892# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 893# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 894# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 895# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 896 897# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 898# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 899# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 900# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ] 901# # [ Nov 1990 ] 902# ... 903# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 904# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 905# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 906# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 907# ... 908# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 909# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 910 911# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 912# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 913# rather than the October 1 value. 914 915# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 916# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 917# Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight 918# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 919# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 920# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 921# 922# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 923# Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45, 924# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999) 925# gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time. 926# Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990. 927 928############################################################################### 929 930 931# Fiji 932 933# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 934# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 935# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 936 937# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 938# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 939# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 940# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 941 942# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 943# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 944 945# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 946# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 947# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 948# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 949# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 950# millenium. 951 952# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 953# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 954 955# Johnston 956 957# Johnston data is from usno1995. 958 959 960# Kiribati 961 962# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 963# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 964# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 965# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 966 967 968# Kwajalein 969 970# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 971# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 972# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 973# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 974# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 975 976 977# N Mariana Is, Guam 978 979# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 980# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 981# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 982# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 983# see Asia/Manila. 984 985# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 986# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 987# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 988# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 989 990 991# Micronesia 992 993# Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16), 994# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 995# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 996# 997# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01; 998# ignore this for now. 999 1000# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1001# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1002# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1003# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1004# </a> (1999-01-26) 1005# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1006# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1007 1008 1009# Pitcairn 1010 1011# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1012# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1013# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1014# 1015# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1016# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1017# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1018# 1019# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1020# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1021# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1022 1023# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1024# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1025# ... at midnight. 1026 1027# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1028# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1029# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1030# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1031 1032 1033# Samoa 1034 1035# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1036# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1037# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1038# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1039# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1040 1041 1042# Tonga 1043 1044# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1045# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1046# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1047# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1048 1049# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1050# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1051# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1052# </a>: 1053 1054# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1055# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1056# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1057# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1058# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1059# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1060# 1061# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1062# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1063# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1064# 1065# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1066# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1067# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1068# minutes we have lost?" 1069# 1070# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1071# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1072# to say your prayers in the morning." 1073 1074# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12): 1075# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1076 1077# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1078# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1079# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1080# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1081# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1082# Government. 1083 1084# From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09): 1085# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1086# 1087# I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>: 1088# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1089# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1090# </a> 1091# 1092# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1093# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1094# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1095# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1096 1097# From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20): 1098# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 1099# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1100# </a>: 1101# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1102# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1103# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1104# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1105# set back an hour on the closing date." 1106# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1107 1108# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1109# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1110# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1111 1112# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1113# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1114# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1115# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1116# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1117# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1118# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1119 1120# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1121# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1122 1123############################################################################### 1124 1125# The International Date Line 1126 1127# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1128# 1129# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1130# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1131# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1132# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1133# 1134# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1135# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1136# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1137# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1138# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1139# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1140# convention, but are not legally binding national borders. 1141# 1142# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that 1143# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at 1144# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is 1145# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1146# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1147# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1148# correct date is ambiguous. 1149