asia revision 67578
1# @(#)asia	7.57
2
3# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/asia 67578 2000-10-25 19:36:49Z wollman $
4
5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
8
9# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
10#
11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
14#
15# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
19# of the IATA's data after 1990.
20#
21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
22# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
23#
24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26# I found in the UCLA library.
27#
28# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
29# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
30#
31# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
32# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
33# Corrections are welcome!
34#		std dst
35#		LMT	Local Mean Time
36#	2:00	EET EEST Eastern European Time
37#	2:00	IST IDT	Israel
38#	3:00	AST ADT	Arabia*
39#	4:00	GST	Gulf*
40#	5:30	IST	India
41#	7:00	ICT	Indochina*
42#	8:00	CST	China
43#	9:00	CJT	Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
44#	9:00	JST	Japan
45#	9:00	KST	Korea
46#	9:30	CST	(Australian) Central Standard Time
47#
48# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
49
50# From Guy Harris:
51# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
52# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
53# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
54# Worldwide Edition).  The names for time zones are guesses.
55
56###############################################################################
57
58# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
59# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
60Rule	EUAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
61Rule	EUAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
62Rule E-EurAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
63Rule E-EurAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
64Rule E-EurAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
65Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	 0:00	1:00	S
66Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1983	-	Oct	1	 0:00	0	-
67Rule RussiaAsia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
68Rule RussiaAsia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
69Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	23:00	1:00	S
70Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	23:00	0	-
71Rule RussiaAsia	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
72Rule RussiaAsia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
73Rule RussiaAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
74
75# Afghanistan
76# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
77Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
78			4:00	-	AFT	1945
79			4:30	-	AFT
80
81# Armenia
82# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
83# Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991,
84# then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then readopting Russian DST in 1997.
85# Go with Shanks, even when he disagrees with others.  Edgar Der-Danieliantz
86# <edd@AIC.NET> reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
87# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995.  IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
88# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
89# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
90# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
91Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
92			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time
93			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
94			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence
95			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24 2:00s
96			4:00	-	AMT	1997
97			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT			
98
99# Azerbaijan
100# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
101Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00	1:00	S
102Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
103# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
104Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
105			3:00	-	BAKT	1957 Mar    # Baku Time
106			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
107			3:00	1:00	BAKST	1991 Aug 30 # independence
108			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
109			4:00	-	AZT	1996 # Azerbaijan time
110			4:00	EUAsia	AZ%sT	1997
111			4:00	Azer	AZ%sT
112
113# Bahrain
114# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
115Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
116			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
117			3:00	-	AST
118
119# Bangladesh
120# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
121Zone	Asia/Dacca	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
122			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
123			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
124			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
125			6:30	-	BURT	1951 Sep 30
126			6:00	-	DACT	1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
127			6:00	-	BDT	# Bangladesh Time
128
129# Bhutan
130# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
131Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
132			5:30	-	IST	1987 Oct
133			6:00	-	BTT	# Bhutan Time
134
135# British Indian Ocean Territory
136# From Whitman:
137# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
138Zone	Indian/Chagos	5:00	-	IOT	# BIOT Time
139
140# Brunei
141# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
142Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar   # Bandar Seri Begawan
143			7:30	-	BNT	1933
144			8:00	-	BNT
145
146# Burma / Myanmar
147# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
148Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880		# or Yangon
149			6:24:36	-	RMT	1920	   # Rangoon Mean Time?
150			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May   # Burma Time
151			9:00	-	JST	1945 May 3
152			6:30	-	MMT		   # Myanmar Time
153
154# Cambodia
155# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
156Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
157			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
158			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
159			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
160			7:00	-	ICT
161
162# China
163
164# From Guy Harris:
165# People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.
166
167# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
168# No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though
169# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
170# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
171# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
172# the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
173#
174# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
175# painful to suck in another copy..  So, here is what I have for
176# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
177#
178#     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
179#     1987 mid-April - ??
180
181# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
182# CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
183# CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10
184
185# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
186# Shanks writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
187# observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
188# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
189# Go with Shanks for now.  I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
190
191# From Shanks:
192# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
193Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
194Rule	Shang	1940	1941	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
195Rule	Shang	1941	only	-	Mar	16	0:00	1:00	D
196Rule	PRC	1949	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	S
197Rule	PRC	1986	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	D
198Rule	PRC	1986	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=11	0:00	0	S
199Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
200# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
201Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928 # or Haerbin
202			8:30	-	HART	1932 Mar # Harbin Time
203			8:00	-	CST	1940
204			9:00	-	HART	1966 May
205			8:30	-	HART	1980 May
206			8:00	PRC	C%sT
207Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:52	-	LMT	1928
208			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
209			8:00	PRC	C%sT
210Zone	Asia/Chungking	7:06:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Chongqing
211			7:00	-	CHUT	1980 May # Chungking Time
212			8:00	PRC	C%sT
213Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
214			6:00	-	URUT	1980 May # Urumqi Time
215			8:00	PRC	C%sT
216Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
217			5:30	-	KAST	1940	 # Kashgar Time
218			5:00	-	KAST	1980 May
219			8:00	PRC	C%sT
220# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
221# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
222Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Apr	20	3:30	1:00	S
223Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Dec	1	3:30	0	-
224Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Apr	13	3:30	1:00	S
225Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	0	-
226Rule	HK	1948	only	-	May	2	3:30	1:00	S
227Rule	HK	1948	1952	-	Oct	lastSun	3:30	0	-
228Rule	HK	1949	1953	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:30	1:00	S
229Rule	HK	1953	only	-	Nov	1	3:30	0	-
230Rule	HK	1954	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=18	3:30	1:00	S
231Rule	HK	1954	only	-	Oct	31	3:30	0	-
232Rule	HK	1955	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
233Rule	HK	1965	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
234Rule	HK	1965	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
235Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
236Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
237# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
238Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:36 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
239			8:00	HK	HK%sT
240
241
242###############################################################################
243
244# Taiwan
245
246# Shanks writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
247# was still controlled by Japan.  This is hard to believe, but we don't
248# have any other information.
249
250# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
251Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
252Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
253Rule	Taiwan	1952	only	-	Mar	1	0:00	1:00	D
254Rule	Taiwan	1952	1954	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
255Rule	Taiwan	1953	1959	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
256Rule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
257Rule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
258Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
259Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
260Rule	Taiwan	1980	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	D
261Rule	Taiwan	1980	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
262# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
263Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896
264			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT
265
266# Macao (Macau, Aomen)
267# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
268Rule	Macao	1961	1962	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
269Rule	Macao	1961	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
270Rule	Macao	1963	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
271Rule	Macao	1964	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
272Rule	Macao	1965	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
273Rule	Macao	1965	only	-	Oct	31	0:00	0	-
274Rule	Macao	1966	1971	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
275Rule	Macao	1966	1971	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
276Rule	Macao	1972	1974	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
277Rule	Macao	1972	1973	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
278Rule	Macao	1974	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=15	3:30	0	-
279Rule	Macao	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	S
280Rule	Macao	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
281Rule	Macao	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
282# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
283Zone	Asia/Macao	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912
284			8:00	Macao	MO%sT	1999 Dec 20 # return to China
285			8:00	PRC	C%sT
286
287
288###############################################################################
289
290# Cyprus
291# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
292Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	S
293Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Oct	12	0:00	0	-
294Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
295Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	Oct	11	0:00	0	-
296Rule	Cyprus	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
297Rule	Cyprus	1977	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
298Rule	Cyprus	1978	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	-
299Rule	Cyprus	1979	1997	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
300Rule	Cyprus	1981	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
301# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
302Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
303			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
304			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
305# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
306
307# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
308# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
309Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
310
311# Georgia
312# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-19):
313# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
314# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
315# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
316# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
317#
318# From Mathew Englander <mathew@io.org>, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
319# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
320# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
321# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
322# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
323Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
324			2:59:16	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
325			3:00	-	TBIT	1957 Mar    # Tbilisi Time
326			4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
327			3:00	1:00	TBIST	1991 Apr  9 # independence
328			3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT	1992 # Georgia Time
329			3:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1994 Sep lastSun
330			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1996 Oct lastSun
331			4:00	1:00	GEST	1997 Mar lastSun
332			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT
333
334# East Timor
335# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
336Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912
337			8:00	-	TPT	1942 Feb 21 23:00
338			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
339			9:00	-	TPT	1976 May  3
340			8:00	-	TPT	# East Timor Time
341
342# India
343# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
344Zone	Asia/Calcutta	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880
345			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
346			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
347			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
348			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
349			5:30	-	IST
350# The following are like Asia/Calcutta:
351#	Andaman Is
352#	Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
353#	Nicobar Is
354
355# Indonesia
356# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
357Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
358# Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
359# but this must be a typo.
360			7:07:12	-	JMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
361			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov	 # Java Time
362			7:30	-	JAVT	1942 Mar 23
363			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
364			7:30	-	JAVT	1948 May
365			8:00	-	JAVT	1950 May
366			7:30	-	JAVT	1964
367			7:00	-	JAVT
368Zone Asia/Ujung_Pandang 7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
369			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
370			8:00	-	BORT	1942 Feb  9 # Borneo Time
371			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
372			8:00	-	BORT
373Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
374			9:00	-	JAYT	1944	    # Jayapura Time
375			9:30	-	CST	1964
376			9:00	-	JAYT
377
378# Iran
379# From Paul Eggert (2000-06-12), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales:
380# Ahmea Alavi in
381# <a href="http://www.persia.org/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt">
382# TAGHVEEM (1993-07-12)
383# </a>
384# writes ``Daylight saving time in Iran starts from the first day
385# of Farvardin and ends the first day of Mehr.''  This disagrees with the SSIM:
386#
387#		   DST start	   DST end
388#	year	SSIM	Alavi	SSIM	Alavi
389#	1991	05-03!=	03-21	09-20!=	09-23
390#	1992	03-22!=	03-21	09-23	09-23
391#	1993	03-21	03-21	09-23	09-23
392#	1994	03-21	03-21	09-22!= 09-23
393#	1995	03-21	03-21	09-22!= 09-23
394#	1996	03-21!=	03-20	09-22   09-22
395#	1997	03-22!=	03-21	09-22!= 09-23
396#	1998	03-21	03-21	09-21!= 09-23
397#	1999	03-22!=	03-21	09-22!= 09-23
398#	2000	03-21!=	03-20	09-21!= 09-22
399#	2001	03-19!=	03-21	09-19!= 09-23
400#	2002	03-18!=	03-21	09-18!= 09-23
401#
402# Go with Alavi starting with 1992.
403# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 19.34 to compute Persian dates.
404# The Persian calendar is based on the sun, and dates after around 2050
405# are approximate; stop after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
406#
407# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
408Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
409Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	21	0:00	0	-
410Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	19	0:00	0	-
411Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
412Rule	Iran	1991	only	-	May	 3	0:00s	1:00	S
413Rule	Iran	1991	only	-	Sep	20	0:00s	0	-
414Rule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
415Rule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
416Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
417Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
418Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
419Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
420Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
421Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
422Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
423Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
424Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
425Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
426Rule	Iran	2005	2007	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
427Rule	Iran	2005	2007	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
428Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
429Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
430Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
431Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
432Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
433Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
434Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
435Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
436Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
437Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
438Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
439Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
440Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
441Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
442Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
443Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
444Rule	Iran	2024	2025	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
445Rule	Iran	2024	2025	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
446Rule	Iran	2026	2027	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
447Rule	Iran	2026	2027	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
448Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
449Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
450Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
451Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
452Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
453Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
454Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
455Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
456Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
457Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
458# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
459Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
460			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946	# Tehran Mean Time
461			3:30	-	IRT	1977 Nov
462			4:00	Iran	IR%sT	1979
463			3:30	Iran	IR%sT
464
465
466# Iraq
467#
468# From Jonathan Lennox <lennox@cs.columbia.edu> (2000-06-12):
469# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
470# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 
471# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
472# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
473#
474# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
475# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
476# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time.  They referred
477# to daylight saving as Saddam time.  But, as of today, the time zone
478# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
479#
480# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
481
482# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
483Rule	Iraq	1982	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
484Rule	Iraq	1982	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
485Rule	Iraq	1983	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
486Rule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
487Rule	Iraq	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
488Rule	Iraq	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	D
489# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
490# Shanks says Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997 or 1999 on; ignore this.
491Rule	Iraq	1991	max	-	Apr	 1	3:00s	1:00	D
492Rule	Iraq	1991	max	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	S
493# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
494Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
495			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918	    # Baghdad Mean Time?
496			3:00	-	AST	1982 May
497			3:00	Iraq	A%sT
498
499
500###############################################################################
501
502# Israel
503
504# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
505# ISRAEL              2 H  AHEAD OF UTC
506# ISRAEL              3 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 10 - SEP 3
507
508# From Shanks:
509# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
510Rule	Zion	1940	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
511Rule	Zion	1942	1944	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
512Rule	Zion	1943	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
513Rule	Zion	1944	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
514Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
515Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
516Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Apr	16	2:00	1:00	D
517Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
518Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	May	23	0:00	2:00	DD
519Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	D
520Rule	Zion	1948	1949	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
521Rule	Zion	1949	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
522Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
523Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Sep	15	3:00	0	S
524Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
525Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Nov	11	3:00	0	S
526Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Apr	20	2:00	1:00	D
527Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Oct	19	3:00	0	S
528Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Apr	12	2:00	1:00	D
529Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Sep	13	3:00	0	S
530Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Jun	13	0:00	1:00	D
531Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Sep	12	0:00	0	S
532Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Jun	11	2:00	1:00	D
533Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Sep	11	0:00	0	S
534Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
535Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	S
536Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	D
537Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
538Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	D
539Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Oct	13	0:00	0	S
540Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	D
541Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Aug	31	0:00	0	S
542Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
543Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
544Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	May	18	0:00	1:00	D
545Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	S
546Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
547Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
548Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Apr	 9	0:00	1:00	D
549Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
550
551# From Ephraim Silverberg <ephraim@cs.huji.ac.il>
552# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17 and 2000-07-25):
553
554# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
555# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
556# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
557# days of daylight savings time annually.  From 1993-1998, the change to
558# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
559# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
560# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
561# time.  1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
562# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
563# conflicts with the Jewish New Year.  In 1999, the change to
564# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
565# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
566# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
567# 1999 only.  In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
568# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
569# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST.  Starting in 2001, all
570# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
571# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
572# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
573# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
574# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
575# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
576
577# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
578Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
579Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
580Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Mar	25	0:00	1:00	D
581Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Aug	26	0:00	0	S
582Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Mar	24	0:00	1:00	D
583Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	S
584Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Mar	29	0:00	1:00	D
585Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
586Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	D
587Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
588
589# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
590# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel.  The spokeswoman can be reached by
591# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
592
593# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
594Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
595Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Aug	28	0:00	0	S
596Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
597Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
598
599# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
600# time, Haim Ramon.  The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
601# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
602#
603#   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
604#
605# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
606#
607# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
608#
609#   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
610#
611#       where YYYY is the relevant year.
612
613# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
614Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	1:00	D
615Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
616Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
617Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
618Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	D
619Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
620Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	D
621Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Sep	 3	2:00	0	S
622
623# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
624# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
625# years 2001-2004 as well.
626#
627# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
628#
629#	ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
630#
631# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
632# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
633#
634#	ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
635
636# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
637Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
638Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Oct	 6	1:00	0	S
639Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Apr	 9	1:00	1:00	D
640Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Sep	24	1:00	0	S
641Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Mar	29	1:00	1:00	D
642Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Oct	 7	1:00	0	S
643Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Mar	28	1:00	1:00	D
644Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Oct	 3	1:00	0	S
645Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Apr	 7	1:00	1:00	D
646Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Sep	22	1:00	0	S
647
648# From Paul Eggert (2000-07-25):
649# Here are guesses for rules after 2004.
650# They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all.
651# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
652Rule	Zion	2005	max	-	Apr	 1	1:00	1:00	D
653Rule	Zion	2005	max	-	Oct	 1	1:00	0	S
654
655# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
656Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:56 -	LMT	1880
657			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918	# Jerusalem Mean Time?
658			2:00	Zion	I%sT
659
660
661###############################################################################
662
663# Japan
664
665# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
666
667# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-03-06):
668# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
669# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
670# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
671# Shanks writes that daylight saving in Japan during those years was as follows:
672# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
673#Rule	Japan	1948	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
674#Rule	Japan	1948	1951	-	Sep	Sat>=8	2:00	0	S
675#Rule	Japan	1949	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
676#Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
677# but the only locations using it were US military bases.
678# We go with Shanks and omit daylight saving in those years for Asia/Tokyo.
679
680# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
681# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
682# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
683# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
684# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
685# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
686# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
687
688# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
689# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
690# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
691# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
692# standard time".  And the same ordinance also established "western standard
693# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree....  But "western standard
694# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937).  In the ordinance No.
695# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
696# standard....
697#
698# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
699# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
700
701# Shanks claims JST in use since 1896, and that a few places (e.g. Ishigaki)
702# use +0800; go with Suzuki.  Guess that all ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
703
704# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
705Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
706			9:00	-	JST	1896
707			9:00	-	CJT	1938
708			9:00	-	JST
709# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
710
711# Jordan
712#
713# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
714# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
715# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
716# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
717# all year round.
718#
719# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
720# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
721# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
722# by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
723# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
724# government's departments from six to seven hours.
725#
726# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
727Rule    Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
728Rule    Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
729Rule    Jordan	1974	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
730Rule    Jordan	1976	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
731Rule    Jordan	1977	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
732Rule    Jordan	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
733Rule    Jordan	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
734Rule    Jordan	1985	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
735Rule    Jordan	1985	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
736Rule    Jordan	1986	1988	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
737Rule    Jordan	1986	1990	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
738Rule    Jordan	1989	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	S
739Rule    Jordan	1990	only	-	Apr	27	0:00	1:00	S
740Rule    Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	S
741Rule    Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
742Rule    Jordan	1992	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
743Rule    Jordan	1992	1993	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
744Rule    Jordan	1993	1998	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
745Rule    Jordan	1994	only	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
746Rule    Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
747Rule	Jordan	1999	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
748Rule	Jordan	1999	max	-	Sep	lastThu	0:00s	0	-
749Rule	Jordan	2000	max	-	Mar	lastThu	0:00s	1:00	S
750# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
751Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
752			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
753
754# Kazakhstan
755# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
756# Andrew Evtichov <evti@chevron.com> (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
757# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
758# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
759# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
760# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
761#
762# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
763Zone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
764			5:00	-	ALMT	1957 Mar # Alma-Ata Time
765			6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
766			5:00	1:00	ALMST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
767			5:00	-	ALMT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
768			6:00 E-EurAsia	ALM%sT
769Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
770			4:00	-	AKT	1957 Mar # Aktyubinsk Time
771			5:00 RussiaAsia AK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
772			4:00	1:00	AKTST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
773			4:00	-	AQTT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtobe Time
774			5:00 E-EurAsia	AQT%sT
775Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Aktau
776			4:00	-	SHET	1957 Mar # Fort Shevchenko Time
777			5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
778			4:00	1:00	AQTST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
779			4:00	-	AQTT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtau Time
780			5:00 E-EurAsia	AQT%sT	1995 Sep lastSun
781			4:00 E-EurAsia	AQT%sT
782
783# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
784# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks.
785# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
786Rule	Kirgiz	1992	1996	-	Apr	Sun>=7	0:00	1:00	S
787Rule	Kirgiz	1992	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
788Rule	Kirgiz	1997	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	S
789Rule	Kirgiz	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
790# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
791Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
792			5:00	-	FRUT	1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
793			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
794			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
795			5:00	Kirgiz	KG%sT		    # Kirgizstan Time
796
797###############################################################################
798
799# Korea (North and South)
800
801# From Guy Harris:
802# According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco,
803# Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987.  He did not know
804# at what time of day DST starts or ends.
805
806# From Shanks:
807# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
808Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
809Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
810Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun<=14	0:00	1:00	D
811Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun<=14	0:00	0	S
812
813# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
814Zone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1890
815			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
816			9:00	-	KST	1928
817			8:30	-	KST	1932
818			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
819			8:00	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
820			8:30	-	KST	1968 Oct
821			9:00	ROK	K%sT
822Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1890
823			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
824			9:00	-	KST	1928
825			8:30	-	KST	1932
826			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
827			8:00	-	KST	1961 Aug 10
828			9:00	-	KST
829
830###############################################################################
831
832# Kuwait
833# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
834Zone	Asia/Kuwait	3:11:56 -	LMT	1950
835			3:00	-	AST
836
837# Laos
838# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
839Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9 # or Viangchan
840			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
841			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
842			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
843			7:00	-	ICT
844
845# Lebanon
846# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
847Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
848Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
849Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
850Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
851Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
852Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	-
853Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
854Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
855Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
856Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
857Rule	Lebanon	1972	only	-	Jun	22	0:00	1:00	S
858Rule	Lebanon	1972	1977	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
859Rule	Lebanon	1973	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
860Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
861Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
862Rule	Lebanon	1984	1987	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
863Rule	Lebanon	1984	1991	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
864Rule	Lebanon	1988	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
865Rule	Lebanon	1989	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
866Rule	Lebanon	1990	1992	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
867Rule	Lebanon	1992	only	-	Oct	4	0:00	0	-
868Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
869Rule	Lebanon	1993	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
870Rule	Lebanon	1999	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
871# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
872Zone	Asia/Beirut	2:22:00 -	LMT	1880
873			2:00	Lebanon	EE%sT
874
875# Malaysia
876# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
877Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Sep	14	0:00	0:20	TS
878Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
879# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
880Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:48 -	LMT	1880
881			6:55:24	-	SMT	1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
882			7:00	-	MALT	1933	 # Malaya Time
883			7:20	-	MALT	1942 Feb 15
884			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 2
885			7:20	-	MALT	1950
886			7:30	-	MALT	1982 May
887			8:00	-	MYT	# Malaysia Time
888Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
889			7:30	-	BORT	1933	# Borneo Time
890			8:00	NBorneo	BOR%sT	1942
891			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 2
892			8:00	-	BORT	1982 May
893			8:00	-	MYT
894
895# Maldives
896# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
897Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
898			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960	# Male Mean Time
899			5:00	-	MVT		# Maldives Time
900
901# Mongolia
902
903# Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map
904# Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01)
905# both say that it has just one.
906
907# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
908# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
909# General Information Mongolia
910# </a> (1999-09)
911# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
912# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
913# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
914# eight hours."
915
916# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
917# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
918# being the last year it was implemented.  The dates of implementation I am
919# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
920# of implementation may have been different....
921# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
922# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
923# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
924
925# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
926# For now, we'll comment out the east zone (Choybalsan)
927# and use Shanks's and the IATA's data for the daylight-saving rules.
928# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
929# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
930# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
931# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
932# is good enough for our purposes.
933
934# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
935Rule	Mongol	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
936Rule	Mongol	1981	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
937Rule	Mongol	1985	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
938Rule	Mongol	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
939Rule	Mongol	1991	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
940Rule	Mongol	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
941# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25; go with Shanks.
942Rule	Mongol	1996	only	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
943Rule	Mongol	1997	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
944# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
945
946# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
947Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
948			6:00	-	HOVT	1978	# Hovd Time
949			7:00	Mongol	HOV%sT
950Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
951			7:00	-	ULAT	1978	# Ulaanbaatar Time
952			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
953# We're not sure about this entry yet, so we'll omit it for now.
954#Zone Asia/Choybalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
955#			8:00	-	CHOT	1978	# Choybalsan Time
956#			9:00	Mongol	CHO%sT	19??
957#			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
958
959# Nepal
960# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
961Zone	Asia/Katmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
962			5:30	-	IST	1986
963			5:45	-	NPT	# Nepal Time
964
965# Oman
966# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
967Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:20 -	LMT	1920
968			4:00	-	GST
969
970# Pakistan
971# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
972Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
973			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
974			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
975			5:30	-	IST	1951 Sep 30
976			5:00	-	KART	1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
977			5:00	-	PKT	# Pakistan Time
978
979# Palestine
980
981# From Amos Shapir <amos@nsof.co.il> (1998-02-15):
982#
983# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
984# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
985# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
986#
987# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
988# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
989# time zone was affected then).  It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
990# though.
991#
992# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
993# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
994# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
995# Trans-Jordan").  So the rules for Jordan for that time apply.  Major
996# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
997# East Jerusalem.
998#
999# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1000# for East Jerusalem).  They were on Israel time since then; there might
1001# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1002# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1003# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1004#
1005# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1006# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995.  I know that in order to
1007# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1008# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1009# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1010# Jordanian one).
1011#
1012# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1013#
1014# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1015# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1016# Israel      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion
1017# West bank   | Zion      | Jordan    | Zion      | Jordan
1018# Gaza        | Zion      | Egypt     | Zion      | Jordan
1019#
1020# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1021# have one).
1022
1023# From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25):
1024# Shanks writes that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but we'll go
1025# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1026# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1027# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1028# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1029# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1030# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1031# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1032# to Palestine's rules.  If you have more info about this, please
1033# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1034
1035# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1036# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1037#
1038# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1039# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1040# one-hour forward at this time.  As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1041# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1042
1043# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1044# Daoud Kuttab writes in
1045# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1046# Holiday havoc
1047# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1048# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1049# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1050# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1051# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1052
1053# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
1054# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1055Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
1056Rule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
1057Rule EgyptAsia	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
1058Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1967	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
1059Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
1060Rule EgyptAsia	1966	only	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
1061
1062Rule Palestine	1999	max	-	Apr	Fri>=15	0:00	1:00	S
1063Rule Palestine	1999	max	-	Oct	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
1064
1065# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1066Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
1067			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
1068			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
1069			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
1070			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
1071			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
1072
1073# Paracel Is
1074# no information
1075
1076# Philippines
1077# Howse writes (p 153) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
1078# The rest of this data is from Shanks.
1079# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1080Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
1081Rule	Phil	1937	only	-	Feb	1	0:00	0	-
1082Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Apr	12	0:00	1:00	S
1083Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	0	-
1084Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	S
1085Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
1086# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1087Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844
1088			8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
1089			8:00	Phil	PH%sT	1942 May
1090			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
1091			8:00	Phil	PH%sT
1092
1093# Qatar
1094# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1095Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920	# Al Dawhah / Doha
1096			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
1097			3:00	-	AST
1098
1099# Saudi Arabia
1100# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1101Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1950
1102			3:00	-	AST
1103
1104# Singapore
1105# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1106Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:24 -	LMT	1880
1107			6:55:24	-	SMT	1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
1108			7:00	-	MALT	1933	 # Malaya Time
1109			7:20	-	MALT	1942 Feb 15
1110			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
1111			7:20	-	MALT	1950
1112			7:30	-	MALT	1965 Aug  9 # independence
1113			7:30	-	SGT	1982 May # Singapore Time
1114			8:00	-	SGT
1115
1116# Spratly Is
1117# no information
1118
1119# Sri Lanka
1120# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
1121# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
1122# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
1123# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
1124# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
1125# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
1126#
1127# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
1128# by Shamindra in
1129# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
1130# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
1131# </a>:
1132# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
1133# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
1134
1135# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1136Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
1137			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906	# Moratuwa Mean Time
1138			5:30	-	IST	1942 Jan  5
1139			5:30	0:30	IHST	1942 Sep
1140			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 16 2:00
1141			5:30	-	IST	1996 May 25 0:00
1142			6:30	-	LKT	1996 Oct 26 0:30
1143			6:00	-	LKT
1144
1145# Syria
1146# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1147Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
1148Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
1149Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	S
1150Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
1151Rule	Syria	1963	1965	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
1152Rule	Syria	1963	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
1153Rule	Syria	1964	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
1154Rule	Syria	1965	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
1155Rule	Syria	1966	only	-	Apr	24	2:00	1:00	S
1156Rule	Syria	1966	1976	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
1157Rule	Syria	1967	1978	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
1158Rule	Syria	1977	1978	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	-
1159Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Apr	9	2:00	1:00	S
1160Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
1161Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Feb	16	2:00	1:00	S
1162Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Oct	9	2:00	0	-
1163Rule	Syria	1987	only	-	Mar	1	2:00	1:00	S
1164Rule	Syria	1987	1988	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	-
1165Rule	Syria	1988	only	-	Mar	15	2:00	1:00	S
1166Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
1167Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
1168Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Apr	1	2:00	1:00	S
1169Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
1170Rule	Syria	1991	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
1171Rule	Syria	1991	1992	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
1172Rule	Syria	1992	only	-	Apr	 8	0:00	1:00	S
1173Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
1174Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
1175# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
1176# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
1177# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
1178# ignore all these claims and go with Shanks.
1179Rule	Syria	1994	1996	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
1180Rule	Syria	1994	max	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
1181Rule	Syria	1997	1998	-	Mar	lastMon	0:00	1:00	S
1182Rule	Syria	1999	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
1183# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1184Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920	# Dimashq
1185			2:00	Syria	EE%sT
1186
1187# Tajikistan
1188# From Shanks.
1189# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1190Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
1191			5:00	-	DUST	1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
1192			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1193			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9 2:00s
1194			5:00	-	TJT		    # Tajikistan Time
1195
1196# Thailand
1197# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1198Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
1199			6:42:04	-	BMT	1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
1200			7:00	-	ICT
1201
1202# Turkmenistan
1203# From Shanks.
1204# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1205Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
1206			4:00	-	ASHT	1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
1207			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
1208			4:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
1209			4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
1210			5:00	-	TMT
1211
1212# United Arab Emirates
1213# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1214Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
1215			4:00	-	GST
1216
1217# Uzbekistan
1218# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1219Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
1220			4:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
1221			5:00	-	SAMT	1981 Apr  1
1222			5:00	1:00	SAMST	1981 Oct  1
1223			6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time
1224			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
1225			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
1226			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1993
1227			5:00	-	UZT
1228Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
1229			5:00	-	TAST	1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
1230			6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1231			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
1232			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
1233			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1993
1234			5:00	-	UZT
1235
1236# Vietnam
1237# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
1238# Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
1239# We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
1240# From Shanks:
1241# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1242Zone	Asia/Saigon	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
1243			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1244			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
1245			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
1246			7:00	-	ICT
1247
1248# Yemen
1249# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1250Zone	Asia/Aden	3:00:48	-	LMT	1950
1251			3:00	-	AST
1252